A high-yield biochar organic fertilizer for pear trees and its preparation method

Abstract

This invention provides a high-yield biochar organic fertilizer for pear trees and its preparation method, relating to the field of fruit tree planting technology. The high-yield biochar organic fertilizer for pear trees is prepared using biochar, animal manure, pretreated plant straw, urea, compound enzymes, sucrose, and compound microbial agents. The biochar is prepared by mixing coconut shells, rice husks, and peanut shells. The pretreated plant straw is obtained by alkali treatment followed by steam explosion of the straw raw material. This invention overcomes the shortcomings of existing technologies, effectively improving the fertility of organic fertilizer, achieving good yield results with a smaller amount of fertilizer, effectively increasing pear tree yield, ensuring the quality of pear fruit, and comprehensively improving the economic benefits of pear tree planting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fruit tree planting technology, specifically to a high-yield biochar organic fertilizer for pear trees and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Pears are a traditional and advantageous fruit in my country, known as the "Mother of Fruits" in ancient times. Pear cultivation dates back 3,000 years, and pear production has consistently ranked among the top three of major fruit producers, second only to apples and citrus fruits. Pears are also one of the most widely consumed fruits in the world. While over 5,000 varieties are known globally, fewer than 30 are widely cultivated, with a yield of 23.9 million tons and a harvested area of ​​approximately 1.61 million hectares. 2 Of these, China's output reached 18.8759 million tons, with a planting area exceeding 1 million hectares. 2 It ranks first in the world.

[0003] The application of chemical fertilizers is an essential step in pear tree cultivation. While organic fertilizers are generally applied, the conventional organic fertilizers used in pear orchards are often poorly fermented or even unfermented, made from weeds and garbage. These fertilizers are low in nutrients, poorly decomposed, and have poor soil fertility. Furthermore, many pear orchards use the same ratio of compound fertilizers (such as N-P2O5-K2O: 17%-17%-17%) year after year. This nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio is not well-matched to the nutrient requirements of pear trees, easily leading to phosphorus accumulation in the soil and affecting pear quality. Although the pear industry is a leading agricultural sector in many regions, pear production has not increased significantly in recent years, and the cultivated area has been declining. Therefore, it is necessary to increase pear yield, and using appropriate organic fertilizers is a more economical method. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a high-yield biochar organic fertilizer for pear trees and its preparation method. This effectively enhances the fertility of the organic fertilizer, achieves good high-yield results with a smaller amount of fertilizer, effectively increases pear tree yield, ensures the quality of pear fruit, and comprehensively improves the economic benefits of pear tree cultivation.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution:

[0006] A high-yield biochar organic fertilizer for pear trees is made from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-40 parts biochar, 100-120 parts animal manure, 200-300 parts pretreated plant straw, 15-20 parts urea, 2-4 parts compound enzyme, 2-8 parts sucrose, and 4-6 parts compound microbial agent; wherein the biochar is prepared by mixing coconut shell, rice husk, and peanut shell in a mass ratio of 5:1:3; the pretreated plant straw is prepared by subjecting the straw to alkali treatment and steam explosion treatment successively.

[0007] Preferably, the preparation method of the biochar includes the following steps:

[0008] S1-1. After drying coconut shells, rice shells and peanut shells, mix them in a mass ratio of 5:1:3 and grind them through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain a mixture for later use.

[0009] S1-2. Heat the above mixture in a sealed furnace to 380-420℃ and continue the high-temperature treatment for 60-80 minutes. Then cool and remove the mixture to obtain biochar.

[0010] Preferably, the specific preparation method of the pretreated plant straw material includes the following steps:

[0011] S2-1. Crush any one or more combinations of corn stalks, wheat stalks, and soybean stalks, add them to an alkaline solution with a pH of 8.5-9.5 with an equal volume, stir thoroughly and let stand for 40-50 minutes to obtain alkali-treated material.

[0012] S2-2. Adjust the pH of the above-mentioned alkali-treated material to neutral, and then treat it with 120℃ hot steam at a pressure of 1-2 MPa for 40-60 seconds to obtain pretreated plant straw material.

[0013] Preferably, the composite enzyme is prepared by mixing cellulase, hemicellulase and pectinase in a mass ratio of 2:2:1.

[0014] Preferably, the compound microbial agent is obtained by mixing yeast agent, lactic acid bacteria agent, actinomycete agent, Bacillus subtilis agent, and nitrifying bacteria agent in a mass ratio of 3:1:1:2:1.

[0015] The preparation method of high-yield biochar organic fertilizer for pear trees includes the following steps:

[0016] (1) Raw material pretreatment: Add compound enzyme to pretreated plant straw material, stir evenly, let stand for enzymatic hydrolysis, then add animal manure, stir evenly, seal and let stand for 24-36 hours to obtain preliminary composted material.

[0017] (2) Raw material fermentation: Mix biochar with compound microbial agent and sucrose, add water of equal volume and stir evenly, then add to the above-mentioned pre-fermented material, continue to stir evenly, and ferment at room temperature for 8-10 days to obtain fermented material for later use.

[0018] (3) Raw material mixing: After drying the above fermented material, mix it with urea and stir evenly, then extrude to obtain biochar organic fertilizer.

[0019] Preferably, in step (1), the animal feces need to be dried and then crushed before being added.

[0020] Preferably, the static enzymatic hydrolysis time in step (1) is 10-12 hours.

[0021] Preferably, in step (2), the biochar mixed with the composite microbial agent and sucrose is stirred at 1200-1400 r / min for 15-20 min.

[0022] Preferably, the drying method in step (3) is hot air drying at a temperature of 60-80°C until the moisture content is 15-20%.

[0023] This invention provides a high-yield biochar organic fertilizer for pear trees and its preparation method, which has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0024] (1) This invention uses straw and animal manure to ferment organic fertilizer. Before fermentation, the straw is first treated with alkali and then steam-exploded, followed by enzymatic hydrolysis, which effectively reduces the fiber content of the straw, facilitates subsequent fermentation, improves fermentation efficiency and effect, and enhances the fertilizer effect of the organic fertilizer. Furthermore, the use of yeast inoculants, lactic acid bacteria inoculants, actinomycete inoculants, Bacillus subtilis inoculants, and nitrifying bacteria inoculants for compound fermentation further enhances the fermentation effect of the organic fertilizer and improves its fertility.

[0025] (2) This invention uses coconut shell, rice shell and peanut shell to prepare biochar, and adds biochar during the fermentation of straw and animal manure. First, biochar has a rich pore structure, a large specific surface area and a lot of oxygen-containing active groups. Adding biochar to fertilizer can slow down the release rate of fertilizer nutrients, prolong the fertilizer period and improve the fertilizer use efficiency, thereby reducing the environmental pollution caused by excessive fertilization. It has high social and environmental benefits in agricultural applications. In addition, the mixed fermentation treatment of biochar can provide a good growth environment for microorganisms and comprehensively improve the fermentation effect. Compared with the traditional method of adding biochar after fermentation, it can further adsorb the volatile components of fermentation products, improve the subsequent fertilizer retention capacity and comprehensively improve the utilization rate of fertilizer. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] The material selection for the following embodiments and comparative examples is as follows:

[0028] The compound microbial inoculant is prepared by mixing yeast inoculant, lactic acid bacteria inoculant, actinomycete inoculant, Bacillus subtilis inoculant, and nitrifying bacteria inoculant in a mass ratio of 3:1:1:2:1, wherein the viable count of the yeast inoculant is 2×10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g; viable count of lactic acid bacteria inoculant is 1×10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g; viable count of actinomycete inoculum is 1×10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g; the viable count of Bacillus subtilis inoculant was 10 × 10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g; viable count of nitrifying bacteria inoculant is 2 × 10⁻⁶. 8 cfu / g;

[0029] Animal excrement is obtained by mixing chicken manure, pig manure and cow manure in a mass ratio of 1:1:3.

[0030] The compound enzyme is obtained by mixing cellulase, hemicellulase, and pectinase in a mass ratio of 2:2:1.

[0031] Plant straw: It is obtained by mixing corn straw, wheat straw, soybean straw, etc. in equal mass ratios.

[0032] Example 1:

[0033] Preparation of biochar organic fertilizer:

[0034] 1. Preparation of biochar:

[0035] The dried coconut shells, rice shells and peanut shells were mixed in a mass ratio of 5:1:3 and ground through an 80-mesh sieve. The mixture was then heated to 400°C in a sealed furnace for 70 minutes and cooled to obtain biochar for later use.

[0036] 2. Preparation of pretreated plant straw:

[0037] Prepare an alkaline sodium hydroxide solution with a pH of 9. Crush the plant straw and add it to an equal volume of alkaline solution. Stir well and let stand for 45 minutes. Then adjust the pH to neutral and treat it with 120℃ hot steam at a pressure of 1.5 MPa for 50 seconds to obtain pretreated plant straw material.

[0038] 3. Prepare the materials: Prepare the following substances according to their weight proportions:

[0039] 30 parts biochar, 110 parts animal manure, 250 parts pretreated plant straw, 18 parts urea, 3 parts compound enzyme, 5 parts sucrose, and 5 parts compound microbial agent.

[0040] 4. Raw material pretreatment:

[0041] After adding the pretreated plant straw material to the compound enzyme and stirring evenly, let it stand at room temperature for 11 hours for enzymatic hydrolysis. Then, add the dried animal manure, stir evenly, seal and let it stand for 30 hours to obtain the preliminary composted material.

[0042] 5. Raw material fermentation:

[0043] After mixing biochar with compound microbial inoculant and sucrose and adding an equal volume of water, stir at 1300 r / min for 18 min, then add to the above-mentioned pre-fermented material, continue to stir evenly, and ferment at room temperature for 9 days to obtain fermented material for later use.

[0044] 6. Raw material mixing: The above fermented material is dried with hot air at 70°C until the moisture content is 18%, then mixed with urea and stirred evenly before being extruded to obtain biochar organic fertilizer.

[0045] Comparative Example 1:

[0046] Preparation of biochar organic fertilizer:

[0047] 1. Preparation of biochar:

[0048] The dried coconut shells were ground through an 80-mesh sieve and then heated to 400°C in a sealed furnace for 70 minutes. After cooling, the biochar was obtained for later use.

[0049] The remaining steps 2-6 are the same as in Example 1.

[0050] Comparative Example 2:

[0051] Preparation of biochar organic fertilizer:

[0052] 2. Preparation of pretreated plant straw:

[0053] Prepare an alkaline sodium hydroxide solution with a pH of 9. Crush the plant straw and add it to an equal volume of the alkaline solution. Stir well and let stand for 45 minutes. Then adjust the pH to neutral to obtain pretreated plant straw material.

[0054] The remaining steps 1 and steps 3-6 are the same as in Example 1.

[0055] Comparative Example 3:

[0056] Preparation of biochar organic fertilizer:

[0057] 3. Prepare the materials: Prepare the following substances according to their weight proportions:

[0058] 30 parts biochar, 110 parts animal manure, 250 parts pretreated plant straw, 18 parts urea, 3 parts compound enzyme, and 5 parts sucrose;

[0059] 5. Raw material fermentation:

[0060] After mixing biochar with sucrose and adding an equal volume of water, stir at 1300 r / min for 18 min, then add it to the above-mentioned pre-fermented material, continue to stir evenly, and ferment at room temperature for 9 days to obtain fermented material for later use.

[0061] The remaining steps 1-2 and steps 4 and 6 are the same as in Example 1.

[0062] Comparative Example 4:

[0063] Preparation of biochar organic fertilizer:

[0064] 1. Preparation of pretreated plant straw:

[0065] Prepare an alkaline sodium hydroxide solution with a pH of 9. Crush the plant straw and add it to an equal volume of alkaline solution. Stir well and let stand for 45 minutes. Then adjust the pH to neutral and treat it with 120℃ hot steam at a pressure of 1.5 MPa for 50 seconds to obtain pretreated plant straw material.

[0066] 2. Prepare the materials: Prepare the following substances according to their weight proportions:

[0067] 110 portions of animal manure, 250 portions of pretreated plant straw, 18 portions of urea, 3 portions of compound enzyme, 5 portions of sucrose, and 5 portions of compound microbial agent.

[0068] 3. Raw material pretreatment:

[0069] After adding the pretreated plant straw material to the compound enzyme and stirring evenly, let it stand at room temperature for 11 hours for enzymatic hydrolysis. Then, add the dried animal manure, stir evenly, seal and let it stand for 30 hours to obtain the preliminary composted material.

[0070] 4. Raw material fermentation:

[0071] Add the compound microbial agent and sucrose to the above-mentioned preliminary composted material, continue to stir evenly, and then ferment at room temperature for 9 days to obtain fermented material for later use;

[0072] 5. Raw material mixing: The above fermented material is dried with hot air at 70°C until the moisture content is 18%, then mixed with urea and stirred evenly before being extruded to obtain biochar organic fertilizer.

[0073] Detection:

[0074] 1. Experimental site selection: Pear orchard in Guanyang County, Guilin City, Guangxi Province, with yellow soil, pH 6.2, and good fertility;

[0075] 2. Experimental pear variety: Cuiguan pear, 5 years old, plant spacing 3m, row spacing 4m;

[0076] 3. Experimental area division: In November 2022, a randomized block design was adopted in the pear orchard, with a total of 7 partitions, named A, A1, B, C, D, E and F respectively. Each partition had 80 pear trees, and the spacing between each partition was at least 8-10m.

[0077] 4. Selection of experimental materials: Compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O: 17%-17%-17%) was selected as conventional fertilizer and organic fertilizers prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-4 were selected as planting fertilizers.

[0078] 5. Field management: Except for fertilization, the field management of the six plots was consistent. Pests and diseases were controlled in accordance with the requirements of green prevention and control. Field management such as thinning flowers and fruits was carried out normally. The fertilization situation was as follows: base fertilizer was applied on November 12, 2022, followed by the first topdressing on March 8, 2023, and the second topdressing on May 4, 2023.

[0079] The fertilization management for each of the above-mentioned communities is shown in Table 1 below:

[0080] Table 1 Fertilizer Management

[0081]

[0082] 6. Fruit sampling: On July 2, 2023, five pear trees were selected from each plot using the five-point method. All fruits were harvested, weighed, and yielded. Ten pears were randomly selected from each tree for quality analysis.

[0083] The average weight of a single fruit per plot and the calculated yield are shown in Table 2 below:

[0084] Table 2 Pear Tree Yield

[0085] residential area Average weight of a single fruit (g) <![CDATA[Yield (kg / 667m 2 )]]> Area A 288 2547.7 Area A1 286 2326.2 Area B 277 2198.7 Area C 262 2156.5 Area D 250 1932.8 Area E 259 1988.6 F area 268 1957.3

[0086] As can be seen from the planting data of areas A, A1 and F in the table above, using the organic fertilizer of Example 1 for base fertilizer application and subsequent topdressing can effectively increase the yield of pear trees, and can still have a good yield effect when the amount of fertilizer applied is the same as that of conventional fertilizer. The corresponding increase in the amount of organic fertilizer applied will increase the yield to a certain extent.

[0087] The planting data from areas A, B, C, D, and E in the table above show that biochar prepared from a mixture of coconut shells, rice shells, and peanut shells can enhance the fertilizer's effect on pear tree yield to a certain extent. Furthermore, the steam explosion treatment of plant straw and the subsequent addition of compound microbial agents can further increase the yield of pear trees.

[0088] 7. Conduct quality testing on the fruits collected from each of the above-mentioned plots:

[0089] The soluble solids content, total soluble sugar content, and vitamin C content of the harvested pears from each plot were tested. The specific test results are shown in Table 3 below:

[0090] Table 3 Fruit Quality

[0091]

[0092] As shown in Table 3 above, the pears grown in areas A and A1 have superior quality compared to those grown in area F. This means that the organic fertilizer prepared in this application can further improve the quality of pears compared to ordinary compound fertilizers. At the same time, it can also retain the quality of pears to a greater extent while reducing the amount of organic fertilizer applied, thereby improving the economic benefits of breeding.

[0093] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0094] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-yield biochar organic fertilizer for pear trees, characterized in that, The pear tree high-yield biochar organic fertilizer is made from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-40 parts biochar, 100-120 parts animal manure, 200-300 parts pretreated plant straw, 15-20 parts urea, 2-4 parts compound enzyme, 2-8 parts sucrose, and 4-6 parts compound microbial agent. The biochar is prepared by mixing coconut shell, rice shell, and peanut shell in a mass ratio of 5:1:

3. The pretreated plant straw is prepared by subjecting the straw to alkali treatment and steam explosion treatment in sequence; the specific preparation method includes the following steps: S2-1. Crush any one or more combinations of corn stalks, wheat stalks, and soybean stalks, add them to an alkaline solution with a pH of 8.5-9.5 with an equal volume, stir thoroughly and let stand for 40-50 minutes to obtain alkali-treated material. S2-2. Adjust the pH of the above alkali-treated material to neutral, and then treat it with 120℃ hot steam at a pressure of 1-2 MPa for 40-60 seconds to obtain pretreated plant straw material. The compound microbial agent is obtained by mixing yeast agent, lactic acid bacteria agent, actinomycete agent, Bacillus subtilis agent, and nitrifying bacteria agent in a mass ratio of 3:1:1:2:

1.

2. The pear tree high-yield biochar organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of the biochar includes the following steps: S1-1. After drying coconut shells, rice shells and peanut shells, mix them in a mass ratio of 5:1:3 and grind them through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain a mixture for later use. S1-2. Heat the above mixture in a sealed furnace to 380-420℃ and continue the high-temperature treatment for 60-80 minutes. Then cool and remove the mixture to obtain biochar.

3. The pear tree high-yield biochar organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The compound enzyme is prepared by mixing cellulase, hemicellulase and pectinase in a mass ratio of 2:2:

1.

4. A method for preparing a high-yield pear tree biochar organic fertilizer as described in any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The method for preparing the biochar organic fertilizer includes the following steps: (1) Raw material pretreatment: Add compound enzyme to pretreated plant straw material, stir evenly, let stand for enzymatic hydrolysis, then add animal manure, stir evenly, seal and let stand for 24-36 hours to obtain preliminary composted material. (2) Raw material fermentation: Mix biochar with compound microbial agent and sucrose, add water of equal volume and stir evenly, then add to the above-mentioned pre-fermented material, continue to stir evenly, and ferment at room temperature for 8-10 days to obtain fermented material for use. (3) Raw material mixing: After drying the above fermented material, mix it with urea and stir evenly, then extrude to obtain biochar organic fertilizer.

5. The method for preparing a high-yield biochar organic fertilizer for pear trees according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step (1), the animal feces must be dried and then crushed before being added.

6. The method for preparing a high-yield biochar organic fertilizer for pear trees according to claim 4, characterized in that: The static enzymatic hydrolysis time in step (1) is 10-12 hours.

7. The method for preparing a high-yield biochar organic fertilizer for pear trees according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step (2), the biochar mixed with the composite microbial agent and sucrose is stirred at 1200-1400 r / min for 15-20 min.

8. The method for preparing a high-yield biochar organic fertilizer for pear trees according to claim 4, characterized in that: The drying method in step (3) is to use hot air drying at a temperature of 60-80℃ until the moisture content is 15-20%.

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