A ratchet railway gondola car lower side door locking device and a method of using the same

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of lower side door locking, aiming at solving the problems of difficult operation, easy natural jump-out of lock and high transportation risk in the prior art, providing a ratchet type railway open car lower side door locking device and its using method, comprising a locking support; the locking support has a left support and a right support, which are integrally formed and spaced apart; the top of the left support is provided with a pressing plate, one end of the pressing plate being rotatably hinged to the top of the left support; the top of the right support is provided with a pawl, the pawl being rotatably hinged to the top of the right support; the other end of the pressing plate has a ratchet structure, and the pressing plate is in interlocking engagement with the pawl through the ratchet structure. The present application has the advantages of simple structure, simple operation, convenient installation, avoidance of natural loosening of the locking mechanism, adaptation to the locking requirements of the lower side door under different door gap working conditions, and low transportation risk.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of lower side door locking, in particular to a ratchet type railway open car lower side door locking device and a use method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the current railway open car, the railway open car lower side door locking device is a device for locking the lower side door. However, the lower side door locking device used in domestic railway open cars has the problems of difficult locking operation, easy natural release of the lock, and great safety hazards to the transportation of the railway open car. SUMMARY

[0003] The present application aims to provide a ratchet type railway open car lower side door locking device and a use method thereof to solve the problems of difficult operation, easy natural release of the lock, and high transportation risk in the prior art.

[0004] The embodiments of the present application are implemented as follows:

[0005] The present application provides a ratchet type railway open car lower side door locking device, which comprises a locking support;

[0006] The locking support has a left support and a right support, and the left support and the right support are integrally formed and spaced apart from each other;

[0007] The top of the left support is provided with a pressing plate, one end of the pressing plate is rotatably hinged to the top of the left support, the top of the right support is provided with a pawl, the pawl is rotatably hinged to the top of the right support, the other end of the pressing plate has a ratchet structure, and the pressing plate is matched with the pawl through the ratchet structure.

[0008] The ratchet type railway open car lower side door locking device disclosed in the present application has the beneficial effects of simple structure, simple operation, convenient installation, avoidance of natural release of the locking mechanism, adaptation to the locking requirements of the lower side door under different door gap working conditions, and low transportation risk, due to the interlocking and formation of the ratchet mechanism of the ratchet structure and the pawl of the left support and the right support.

[0009] Optionally, the top of the left support has a U-shaped groove, a first screw hole is formed in the groove wall of the U-shaped groove, one end of the first screw hole penetrates the left support, and a first screw is matched in the first screw hole;

[0010] One end of the pressure plate is provided with a first through hole adapted to the first screw hole, and one end of the pressure plate is clamped on the U-groove and rotatably connected to the first bolt through the first through hole.

[0011] With this configuration, the pressure plate and the left support are rotatably hinged through the U-groove, the first screw hole, the first bolt, and the first through hole, facilitating the opening and closing of the lower side door of the railway open wagon.

[0012] Optionally, the ratchet structure has a first tooth groove, a second tooth groove, and a third tooth groove, wherein the first tooth groove, the second tooth groove, and the third tooth groove are distributed sequentially along the radial direction of the pressure plate, and the first tooth groove, the second tooth groove, and the third tooth groove cooperate with the pawl.

[0013] With this configuration, the first, second, and third toothed grooves can engage with the pawl step by step, facilitating three locking methods for the lower side door of the railway open wagon. When the pawl engages with the first, second, and third toothed grooves in sequence, the distance between the pressure plate and the hinge is shortened by 10mm for each toothed groove the pawl advances, thus meeting the requirement that the vehicle uses wire or steel rope to bind goods through the gap of the lower side door. When the gap between the lower side door and the vehicle door frame is within 20mm, the pressure plate can restrict the movement of the hinge and prevent the pressure plate from naturally reversing to release the lock.

[0014] Optionally: The right support has a mounting through hole in the middle, and coaxial second screw holes are provided on both sides of the mounting through hole. One end of the second screw hole passes through the right support, and a second bolt is adapted to be installed in the second screw hole.

[0015] The pawl is provided with a second through hole adapted to the second screw hole. The pawl is clamped in the mounting through hole and rotatably connected to the second bolt through the second through hole.

[0016] With this configuration, the pawl and the right support are rotatably hinged through the aforementioned mounting through hole, the second screw hole, the second bolt, and the second through hole, facilitating the opening and closing of the lower side door of the railway open wagon.

[0017] Optionally: the pawl has an arc-shaped segment and a horizontal segment, and the second through hole is located at the connection between the arc-shaped segment and the horizontal segment; the outer end of the arc-shaped segment cooperates with the ratchet structure.

[0018] The aforementioned horizontal section extends to the outside of the aforementioned mounting through hole.

[0019] With this configuration, the arc-shaped segment can be sequentially engaged with the first, second, and third toothed grooves, while the horizontal segment allows the operator to easily lift the pawl when the lower door needs to be opened, thereby separating the pressure plate from the pawl and enabling the lower door to be opened upwards.

[0020] Optionally: A shallow hole is provided on one side wall of the above-mentioned mounting through hole, and a compression spring is embedded in the axial direction of the hole. One end of the compression spring abuts against the bottom end of the hole, and the other end of the compression spring is provided with a push rod, which abuts against the push rod.

[0021] The horizontal section of the pawl has a shallow countersunk hole on the side near the hole, and the push rod can be telescopically inserted into the countersunk hole.

[0022] With this configuration, the compression spring can push the push rod out of the hole, and the push rod can extend into the countersunk hole. After the pawl separates from the tooth groove of the pressure plate, the push rod abuts against the pawl, thereby fixing the pawl.

[0023] Optionally, the horizontal section above also has a first inclined surface on the side near the hole above, and the first inclined surface communicates with the countersunk hole above.

[0024] With this configuration, a larger force can be used to rotate the pawl counterclockwise, causing the push rod to be pressed into the hole by the first inclined surface of the pawl. At this time, the push rod elastically abuts against the pawl to secure it. When the pawl separates from the tooth groove of the pressure plate, the push rod in the countersunk hole moves along the first inclined surface under the action of the compression spring and presses against the pawl. Because the compression spring elastically abuts against the push rod, the compression spring will elastically compress as the push rod moves along the first inclined surface. This allows the push rod to secure the pawl and also makes it easy for the pawl to rotate and disengage from the teeth.

[0025] Optionally, the pressure exerted by the compression spring on the push rod is greater than the component of the weight of the pressure plate and the pawl acting on the push rod along the axial direction of the push rod.

[0026] This configuration prevents the pawl from loosening on its own. When one end of the push rod contacts the compression spring, the other end of the push rod extends out of the hole and blocks the pawl, thus limiting the pawl's natural reversal and preventing it from loosening when the open wagon is in tipper operation.

[0027] Optionally: The left support and the right support are provided with a first fixing hole, a second fixing hole and a third fixing hole, and the left support and the right support are respectively riveted or bolted to the vehicle body through the first fixing hole, the second fixing hole and the third fixing hole;

[0028] A hinge is provided between the left support and the right support. One end of the hinge is fixedly connected to the lower door, and the other end of the hinge has an outwardly bent locking section. The pressure plate is adapted to the outer side of the locking section.

[0029] This configuration allows the first, second, and third fixing holes to enhance the connection strength between the device and the vehicle body; while the hinge facilitates adaptation to the device, thereby enabling the lower door to be locked.

[0030] Optionally, the contact portion between the pressure plate and the locking section has a second inclined surface, which is located on the pressure plate and the locking section respectively.

[0031] With this configuration, the second inclined surface increases the contact area between the pressure plate and the locking section of the hinge, thereby increasing the contact area where the pressure plate and the hinge fit together, and thus increasing the friction between the pressure plate and the hinge, making the connection between the pressure plate and the hinge more secure.

[0032] Optionally, the engagement position of the ratchet structure of the pressure plate and the pawl is located between the first bolt and the second bolt.

[0033] This design facilitates the use of locking devices and also makes the structure of the locking devices simple and compact, making them easy to mass-produce.

[0034] In one embodiment of this invention, a method for using a ratchet-type railway open wagon lower side door locking device is also provided.

[0035] First, the pawl rotates counterclockwise around the second bolt, presses down the top rod and inserts it into the countersunk hole of the pawl. The pressure plate rotates counterclockwise to a predetermined position, the locking device is in a fully released state, the hinge of the lower door is not restricted, and the lower door can be closed downward or opened upward.

[0036] Secondly, the pawl rotates clockwise around the second bolt, the push rod disengages from the countersunk hole of the pawl, and the pawl is biased to the side of the hinge under the action of gravity. By rotating the pressure plate clockwise, the outer end of the arc-shaped segment of the pawl is embedded in the first tooth groove of the pressure plate, and the gap between the pressure plate and the hinge is 20mm.

[0037] The pressure plate rotates clockwise, and the outer end of the arc-shaped segment of the pawl is inserted into the second tooth groove of the pressure plate. The gap between the pressure plate and the hinge is 10mm.

[0038] When the pressure plate is rotated clockwise, the outer end of the arc-shaped segment of the pawl is inserted into the third tooth groove of the pressure plate, and the pressure plate and the hinge are completely in contact.

[0039] In summary, the ratchet-type railway open wagon lower side door locking device and its usage method disclosed in this invention have the advantages of simple structure, simple operation, convenient installation, prevention of natural loosening of the locking mechanism, adaptability to different door gap usage conditions for locking the lower side door, and low transportation risk. Attached Figure Description

[0040] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0041] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a ratchet-type railway open wagon lower side door locking device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2 This is an exploded view of a ratchet-type railway open wagon lower door locking device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 3 The diagram shows a structural schematic of the pressure plate and the pawl not engaging in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 4 The diagram shows a schematic of the first tooth groove of the pressure plate engaging with the ratchet in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 5 The diagram shows a schematic of the engagement between the second tooth groove of the pressure plate and the ratchet in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 6 The diagram shows a schematic of the engagement between the third tooth groove of the pressure plate and the ratchet in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 7 As described in the embodiments of the present invention Figure 4 Side sectional view;

[0048] Figure 8 As described in the embodiments of the present invention Figure 5 Side sectional view;

[0049] Figure 9 As described in the embodiments of the present invention Figure 6 Side sectional view.

[0050] Icons: 1-Locking support, 2-Left support, 3-Right support, 4-Pressure plate, 5-Pawl, 6-Ratchet structure, 7-U-groove, 8-First screw hole, 9-First bolt, 10-First through hole, 11-First tooth groove, 12-Second tooth groove, 13-Third tooth groove, 14-Mounting through hole, 15-Second screw hole, 16-Second bolt, 17-Second through hole, 18-Arc segment, 19-Horizontal segment, 20-Hole, 21-Compression spring, 22-Top rod, 23-Counterhead, 24-First fixing hole, 25-Second fixing hole, 26-Third fixing hole, 27-Hinge, 28-Locking section, 29-Second inclined surface. Detailed Implementation

[0051] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0052] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0053] Example

[0054] See Figure 1 and Figure 2 This embodiment proposes a ratchet-type railway open wagon lower side door locking device, including a locking support 1;

[0055] The locking support 1 has a left support 2 and a right support 3, which are integrally formed and spaced apart from each other;

[0056] The top of the left support 2 is provided with a pressure plate 4. One end of the pressure plate 4 is rotatably hinged to the top of the left support 2. The top of the right support 3 is provided with a pawl 5. The pawl 5 is rotatably hinged to the top of the right support 3. The other end of the pressure plate 4 has a ratchet structure 6. The pressure plate 4 and the pawl 5 are engaged with each other through the ratchet structure 6.

[0057] The ratchet-type railway open wagon lower door locking device disclosed in this embodiment uses the ratchet structure 6 and pawl 5 of the left support 2 and right support 3 to form a ratchet mechanism through mutual toothing. This achieves step-by-step control of the tightness of the locking device after locking, while the top rod 22 can prevent the locking mechanism from loosening naturally. As a result, the ratchet-type railway open wagon lower door locking device has the beneficial effects of simple structure, simple operation, convenient installation, prevention of natural loosening of the locking mechanism, adaptability to different door gap usage conditions for locking the lower door, and low transportation risk.

[0058] See Figure 1 and Figure 2 The top of the left support 2 has a U-groove 7, and a first screw hole 8 is provided on the groove wall of the U-groove 7. One end of the first screw hole 8 passes through the left support 2, and a first bolt 9 is fitted inside the first screw hole 8. One end of the pressure plate 4 is provided with a first through hole 10 that fits the first screw hole 8. One end of the pressure plate 4 is clamped on the U-groove 7 and rotatably connected to the first bolt 9 through the first through hole 10. Through the U-groove 7, the first screw hole 8, the first bolt 9 and the first through hole 10, the pressure plate 4 and the left support 2 are rotatably hinged, which facilitates the opening and closing of the lower side door of the railway open wagon.

[0059] The ratchet structure 6 has a first tooth groove 11, a second tooth groove 12, and a third tooth groove 13. The first tooth groove 11, the second tooth groove 12, and the third tooth groove 13 are all distributed radially along the pressure plate 4. The first tooth groove 11, the second tooth groove 12, and the third tooth groove 13 all cooperate with the pawl 5. The first tooth groove 11, the second tooth groove 12, and the third tooth groove 13 can engage with the pawl 5 step by step, which facilitates three locking methods for the lower side door of the railway open wagon. When the pawl 5 engages with the first tooth groove 11, the second tooth groove 12, and the third tooth groove 13 in sequence, the distance between the pressure plate 4 and the hinge 27 is shortened by 10mm for each tooth groove the pawl 5 advances, so as to meet the requirement that the vehicle uses iron wire or steel wire rope to tie the goods through the gap of the lower side door. When the gap between the lower side door and the gap of the vehicle door frame is within 20mm, the pressure plate 4 can restrict the movement of the hinge 27 and prevent the pressure plate 4 from naturally reversing to loosen the lock.

[0060] See Figure 1 and Figure 2 The right support 3 has a through hole 14 in the middle, and coaxial second screw holes 15 are provided on both sides of the through hole 14. One end of the second screw hole 15 passes through the right support 3, and a second bolt 16 is fitted inside the second screw hole 15.

[0061] The pawl 5 has a second through hole 17 adapted to the second screw hole 15. The pawl 5 is clamped on the mounting through hole 14 and rotatably connected to the second bolt 16 through the second through hole 17. Through the mounting through hole 14, the second screw hole 15, the second bolt 16 and the second through hole 17, the pawl 5 and the right support 3 are rotatably hinged, which facilitates the opening and closing of the lower side door of the railway open wagon.

[0062] In this embodiment, the engagement position of the ratchet structure 6 of the pressure plate 4 and the pawl 5 is located between the first bolt 9 and the second bolt 16, which facilitates the use of the locking device. At the same time, it makes the structure of the locking device simpler and more compact, which is convenient for mass production.

[0063] The pawl 5 has an arc-shaped section 18 and a horizontal section 19. The second through hole 17 is located at the connection between the arc-shaped section 18 and the horizontal section 19. The outer end of the arc-shaped section 18 engages with the ratchet structure 6. The horizontal section 19 extends to the outside of the mounting through hole 14. The arc-shaped section 18 can be sequentially engaged with the first tooth groove 11, the second tooth groove 12 and the third tooth groove 13. The horizontal section 19 makes it easy for the operator to lift the pawl 5 when the lower door needs to be opened, thereby separating the pressure plate 4 from the pawl 5, so that the lower door can be opened upward.

[0064] A shallow hole 20 is provided on one side wall of the mounting through hole 14. A compression spring 21 is embedded in the axial direction of the hole 20. One end of the compression spring 21 abuts against the bottom end of the hole 20, and the other end of the compression spring 21 is provided with a push rod 22. The other end of the compression spring 21 abuts against the push rod 22. A shallow countersunk hole 23 is provided on the side of the horizontal section 19 of the pawl 5 near the hole 20. The push rod 22 can be telescopically inserted into the countersunk hole 23. The compression spring 21 can push the push rod 22 out of the hole 20. The push rod 22 can extend into the countersunk hole 23. After the pawl 5 is separated from the tooth groove of the pressure plate 4, the push rod 22 abuts against the pawl 5, thereby achieving the function of fixing the pawl 5.

[0065] The horizontal section 19 has a first inclined surface (not shown in the figure) on the side near the hole 20. The first inclined surface is connected to the countersunk hole 23. When the pawl 5 is rotated counterclockwise with a large force, the push rod 22 can be pressed into the hole 20 by the first inclined surface of the pawl 5. At this time, the push rod 22 elastically abuts against the pawl 5 to fix the pawl 5. When the pawl 5 separates from the tooth groove of the pressure plate 4, the push rod 22 in the countersunk hole 23 moves along the first inclined surface under the action of the compression spring 21 and presses against the pawl 5. Since the compression spring 21 elastically abuts against the push rod 22, when the push rod 22 moves along the first inclined surface, the compression spring 21 will be elastically compressed. This allows the push rod 22 to fix the pawl 5 and also makes it easy for the pawl 5 to rotate and disengage from the teeth.

[0066] The pressure exerted by the compression spring 21 on the push rod 22 is greater than the component of the weight of the pressure plate 4 and the pawl 5 acting on the push rod 22 along the axial direction of the push rod 22. This arrangement can prevent the pawl 5 from loosening naturally. When one end of the push rod 22 contacts the compression spring 21, the other end of the push rod 22 extends out of the hole 20 and blocks the pawl 5, which can limit the natural reversal of the pawl 5 and prevent the pawl 5 from loosening when the open wagon is in tipper operation.

[0067] See Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 The left support 2 and the right support 3 have a first fixing hole 24, a second fixing hole 25 and a third fixing hole 26. The left support 2 and the right support 3 are riveted or bolted to the vehicle body through the first fixing hole 24, the second fixing hole 25 and the third fixing hole 26 respectively.

[0068] A hinge 27 is provided between the left support 2 and the right support 3. One end of the hinge 27 is fixedly connected to the lower door, and the other end of the hinge 27 has an outwardly bent locking section 28. The pressure plate 4 is adapted to the outer side of the locking section 28. The first fixing hole 24, the second fixing hole 25 and the third fixing hole 26 help to enhance the connection strength between the device and the vehicle body; while the hinge 27 is easy to adapt to this device, thereby realizing the locking of the lower door.

[0069] The contact area between the pressure plate 4 and the locking section 28 has a second inclined surface 29. The second inclined surface 29 is located on the pressure plate 4 and the locking section 28 respectively. The second inclined surface 29 can increase the contact area between the pressure plate 4 and the locking section 28 of the hinge 27, so as to increase the contact area between the pressure plate 4 and the hinge 27, thereby increasing the friction between the pressure plate 4 and the hinge 27, making the connection between the pressure plate 4 and the hinge 27 more secure.

[0070] See Figure 1 and Figure 2 In this embodiment, without changing the original mounting hole positions on the vehicle, the first fixing hole 24 and the second fixing hole 25 are adapted to the original mounting holes on the vehicle, and the third fixing hole 26 is a newly added hole. This makes the modification small and the installation convenient; it adapts to the locking requirements of the lower door under different door gap usage conditions; the ratchet mechanism formed by the ratchet teeth and pawls 5 and the push rod 22 can prevent the locking mechanism from being released naturally.

[0071] See Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 ,Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 In one embodiment of this invention, a method for using the ratchet-type railway open wagon lower side door locking device is also provided:

[0072] First, the pawl 5 rotates counterclockwise around the second bolt 16, pressing down the top rod 22 and embedding it into the countersunk hole 23 of the pawl 5. The pressure plate 4 rotates counterclockwise to the predetermined position, and the locking device is in a fully released state. The hinge 27 of the lower door is not restricted, and the lower door can be closed downward or opened upward.

[0073] Secondly, the pawl 5 rotates clockwise around the second bolt 16, and the push rod 22 disengages from the countersunk hole 23 of the pawl 5. Under the influence of gravity, the pawl 5 is biased towards the hinge 27. By rotating the pressure plate 4 clockwise, the outer end of the arc-shaped section 18 of the pawl 5 is embedded into the first tooth groove 11 of the pressure plate 4, and the gap between the pressure plate 4 and the hinge 27 is 20mm. This state can be used for the use of steel wire rope binding and fixing of goods in open wagon transportation (see...). Figure 4 and Figure 7 );

[0074] When the pressure plate 4 rotates clockwise, the outer end of the arc-shaped segment 18 of the pawl 5 is inserted into the second tooth groove 12 of the pressure plate 4, and the gap between the pressure plate 4 and the hinge 27 is 10mm; this state can be used for the use of wire binding to secure goods in open wagon transportation (see Figure 5 and Figure 8 );

[0075] When the pressure plate 4 rotates clockwise, the outer end of the arc-shaped segment 18 of the pawl 5 is inserted into the third tooth groove 13 of the pressure plate 4, and the pressure plate 4 is completely fitted with the hinge 27; this state is used for the operating condition where the lower side door of a convertible needs to be completely closed (see...). Figure 6 and Figure 9 ).

[0076] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A ratchet-type locking device for the lower side door of an open railway wagon, characterized in that: Including locking supports; The locking support has a left support and a right support, which are integrally formed and spaced apart from each other; The top of the left support is provided with a pressure plate, one end of which is rotatably hinged to the top of the left support. The top of the right support is provided with a pawl, which is rotatably hinged to the top of the right support. The other end of the pressure plate has a ratchet structure, and the pressure plate and the pawl are engaged with each other through the ratchet structure. The ratchet structure has a first tooth groove, a second tooth groove, and a third tooth groove. The first tooth groove, the second tooth groove, and the third tooth groove are all distributed sequentially along the radial direction of the pressure plate. The first tooth groove, the second tooth groove, and the third tooth groove all cooperate with the pawl.

2. The ratchet-type railway open wagon underside door locking device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the left support has a U-groove, and a first screw hole is provided on the groove wall of the U-groove. One end of the first screw hole passes through the left support, and a first bolt is adapted to fit inside the first screw hole. One end of the pressure plate is provided with a first through hole adapted to the first screw hole, and one end of the pressure plate is clamped in the groove of the U-groove and rotatably connected to the first bolt through the first through hole.

3. The ratchet-type railway open wagon lower side door locking device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The right support has a mounting through hole in the middle, and coaxial second screw holes are provided on both sides of the mounting through hole. One end of the second screw hole passes through the right support, and a second bolt is adapted to be installed in the second screw hole. The pawl has a second through hole adapted to the second screw hole, and the pawl is clamped on the mounting through hole and rotatably connected to the second bolt through the second through hole.

4. A ratchet-type railway open wagon underside door locking device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The pawl has an arc-shaped section and a horizontal section, and the second through hole is located at the connection between the arc-shaped section and the horizontal section; the outer end of the arc-shaped section cooperates with the ratchet structure. The horizontal segment extends to the outside of the mounting through hole.

5. A ratchet-type railway open wagon lower side door locking device according to claim 4, characterized in that: A shallow hole is provided on one side wall of the mounting through hole. A compression spring is embedded in the axial direction of the hole. One end of the compression spring abuts against the bottom end of the hole, and the other end of the compression spring is provided with a push rod, which abuts against the push rod. The horizontal section of the pawl has a shallow countersunk hole on the side near the hole, and the push rod can be telescopically inserted into the countersunk hole.

6. A ratchet-type railway open wagon underside door locking device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The horizontal section also has a first inclined surface on the side near the hole, and the first inclined surface is connected to the countersunk hole.

7. A ratchet-type railway open wagon underside door locking device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The pressure exerted by the compression spring on the push rod is greater than the component of the force exerted by the weight of the pressure plate and the pawl on the push rod along the axial direction of the push rod.

8. A ratchet-type railway open wagon lower side door locking device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The left support and the right support have a first fixing hole, a second fixing hole and a third fixing hole, and the left support and the right support are riveted or bolted to the vehicle body through the first fixing hole, the second fixing hole and the third fixing hole respectively; A hinge is provided between the left support and the right support. One end of the hinge is fixedly connected to the lower door, and the other end of the hinge has an outwardly bent locking section. The pressure plate is adapted to the outer surface of the locking section.

9. A method of using the ratchet-type railway open wagon lower side door locking device as described in claim 8, characterized in that: First, the pawl rotates counterclockwise around the second bolt, pressing down the top rod and embedding it into the countersunk hole of the pawl. The pressure plate rotates counterclockwise to a predetermined position, the locking device is in a fully released state, the hinge of the lower door is not restricted, and the lower door can be closed downwards or opened upwards. Secondly, the pawl rotates clockwise around the second bolt, the push rod disengages from the countersunk hole of the pawl, and the pawl is biased towards the hinge side under the action of gravity. By rotating the pressure plate clockwise, the outer end of the arc-shaped segment of the pawl is embedded in the first tooth groove of the pressure plate, and the gap between the pressure plate and the hinge is 20mm. The pressure plate rotates clockwise, and the outer end of the arc-shaped segment of the pawl is inserted into the second tooth groove of the pressure plate. The gap between the pressure plate and the hinge is 10mm. When the pressure plate rotates clockwise, the outer end of the arc-shaped segment of the pawl is inserted into the third tooth groove of the pressure plate, and the pressure plate and the hinge are completely in contact.

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