A method and system for quickly mapping spatial data of traffic planning

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method and system for rapid mapping of traffic planning spatial data, which belongs to the field of traffic planning spatial big data processing; comprising the following steps: pre-processing traffic planning spatial data; parsing the traffic planning spatial data system and expression characteristics, analyzing its semantic information and primitive information from the two dimensions of spatial accuracy and data expression; establishing a traffic planning spatial data system and data symbol expression relationship model, matching visual variable design, and constructing traffic planning spatial data thematic point, line, and surface symbol objects; establishing a data symbol library and coding system based on the expression model, and coding the mapping element objects according to the requirements of rapid mapping; calculating the data expression rule based on the data symbol, calculating the data symbol expression factor and the mapping comprehensive selection factor; and using the mapping expression rule model to quickly map. This method is more suitable for large-scale mapping of spatial big data in traffic planning, and effectively improves the efficiency of making and sharing thematic maps of traffic planning spatial big data.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of transportation planning spatial big data processing, and in particular to a method and system for rapid mapping of transportation planning spatial data. Background Art

[0002] Transportation planning refers to the prediction, analysis, evaluation and optimization of the structure, scale, layout, function and service level of the transportation system based on the principles of science, rationality, efficiency, coordination and sustainability, taking into account factors such as transportation demand, transportation resources, transportation environment and transportation safety according to the goals of social and economic development, so as to guide and regulate transportation construction and management activities.

[0003] Transportation planning spatial data refers to spatial information that reflects the content and results of transportation planning, including data on transportation facilities, transportation networks, traffic flow, transportation organization, and traffic impacts. Transportation planning spatial data is the foundation and core of transportation planning work, and is also an important part of transportation planning results. The expression of transportation planning spatial data is to fully display the thematic, spatial, and temporal attributes of transportation objects and planning needs with the help of map visual thinking and symbol systems, so as to effectively express planning concepts and planning schemes.

[0004] With the deepening of transportation construction work, the transportation planning spatial data system has been continuously improved, and related research on planning content and planning management has received widespread attention. However, the research on graphic expression and symbol system, which is an important part of the expression of planning intentions, has been slow to advance. At present, there are many standard specifications and industry guidelines for the mapping of transportation special designs, but there is no unified specification and standard for the expression of spatial data results of transportation special planning. The graphic expression of planning drawings of the same level and type has a large degree of randomness in the abstraction, summary, overview and interpretation of spatial elements, and the symbolic expression of different planning researchers is particularly arbitrary, especially the symbols and color systems. This is not conducive to improving the efficiency and quality of the mapping expression of transportation planning spatial data, nor is it conducive to the sharing and application of transportation planning spatial data mapping results.

[0005] Therefore, it is urgent to study a cartographic expression rule model to provide a unified standard and method for traffic planning spatial data mapping, so as to achieve consistency and comparability of the mapping expression effects of traffic planning spatial data of different levels, types and themes. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and system for quickly mapping traffic planning spatial data, which solves the problem of lack of a unified data system for graphical expression of traffic planning spatial data in the prior art.

[0007] The purpose of this disclosure can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0008] A method for quickly mapping traffic planning spatial data, comprising the following steps:

[0009] Step 1: Preprocess the traffic planning spatial data, convert it into vector data, and analyze and supplement its planning indicators;

[0010] Step 2: Analyze the spatial data system and expression characteristics of transportation planning, and analyze its semantic information and primitive information from the two dimensions of spatial accuracy and data expression;

[0011] Step 3: Establish a relationship model between the transportation planning spatial data system and data symbol expression, match the visual variable design, and construct the thematic point, line, and surface symbol objects of transportation planning spatial data;

[0012] Step 4: Establish a data symbol library and coding system based on the expression relationship model, and encode the mapping element objects according to the requirements of rapid mapping;

[0013] Step 5: Calculate the data symbol expression factor and cartographic generalization factor based on the data expression rule of the data symbol;

[0014] Step 6: Use the cartographic expression rule model to quickly generate a map.

[0015] Furthermore, the pre-processing of traffic planning spatial data specifically includes converting the geographic spatial coordinate system into a plane projection, establishing the road network spatial topology, and standardizing the feature attribute fields.

[0016] Furthermore, the analysis of the transportation planning spatial data system and expression characteristics specifically includes sorting out the content of the transportation planning spatial data system, including conceptual planning data, comprehensive planning data, and special planning data; the spatiotemporal expression characteristics are analyzed from two dimensions, the first dimension is from the spatial accuracy dimension of the transportation planning spatial data, which is divided into fuzzy positioning, relative positioning, and precise positioning; the second dimension is from the data expression accuracy, which is divided into morphological semantics, morphological-descriptive semantics, and descriptive semantics.

[0017] Furthermore, the establishment of the relationship model between the traffic planning spatial data system and the data symbol expression specifically includes classifying the pre-processed traffic planning spatial data according to the elements in the data system; parsing the semantics of the traffic planning spatial data, and decomposing and expressing it according to point, line, and surface primitives; matching the semantic information to design the basic visual variables and extended visual variables of the primitive information; associating and integrating the semantics of the traffic planning spatial data-the primitive information and the visual variables.

[0018] Furthermore, the data symbol library and coding system are established based on the expression relationship model, specifically including establishing a three-level symbol system of traffic planning subject types, traffic planning data classifications, and traffic planning data symbols according to the spatial data system; encoding the mapping element objects, using one coding symbol to represent one symbol.

[0019] Furthermore, the data expression rule calculation based on data symbols specifically includes selecting three indicators of mapping scale, element density, and element level as data symbol expression influencing factors; calculating the data symbol expression factor according to the influencing factor calculation formula and the data symbol expression factor model coefficient value matrix table; calculating the mapping comprehensive expression rejection factor according to the data symbol expression factor and querying the mapping comprehensive expression rule table.

[0020] Furthermore, the plane projection generally refers to a Gauss-Krüger projection or a Lambert projection.

[0021] Furthermore, the basic visual variables include shape, size, direction, color, brightness, and texture; the extended visual variables include structure, color saturation, transparency, sharpness, and projection.

[0022] A system for quickly mapping spatial data for transportation planning, comprising:

[0023] Data preprocessing module, used to convert traffic planning spatial data into vector data, and analyze and supplement its planning indicators;

[0024] The data system analysis module is used to analyze the traffic planning spatial data system and its expression characteristics, and analyze its semantic information and primitive information from the two dimensions of spatial accuracy and data expression;

[0025] Data symbol model module, used to establish the relationship model between the transportation planning spatial data system and data symbol expression, match the visual variable design, and construct the thematic point, line, and surface symbol objects of transportation planning spatial data;

[0026] The data symbol library module is used to establish a data symbol library and coding system based on the expression relationship model, and encode the mapping element objects according to the requirements of rapid mapping;

[0027] Data expression rule module, used for calculating data expression rules based on data symbols, calculating data symbol expression factors and cartographic generalization factors;

[0028] The rapid drawing module is used to quickly draw pictures using the cartographic expression rule model.

[0029] Beneficial effects of the present disclosure:

[0030] 1. The present invention can realize the rapid, efficient and accurate graphical expression of traffic planning spatial data, and improve the visualization level and dissemination effect of traffic planning results;

[0031] 2. The present invention can automatically adjust the size, color, shape and other visual variables of data symbols according to different mapping purposes, regions, scales and other characteristics, and realize dynamic expression and mapping synthesis of data symbols;

[0032] 3. The present invention can establish a relationship model between the traffic planning spatial data system and data symbol expression, generalize the complex traffic planning spatial data into concise semantic information and graphic element information, and realize the semantic expression of data symbols and the standardization of mapping;

[0033] 4. Based on the data symbol library and coding system, the present invention can make one-to-one correspondence between traffic planning spatial data and data symbols, and realize the standardized expression of data symbols and automated mapping;

[0034] 5. The present invention can utilize the graphics rendering capability of the GIS system to quickly generate traffic planning spatial data maps, thereby achieving high-quality expression of data symbols and mapping optimization. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, for ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0036] Figure 1 An overall flow chart of the method for rapid mapping of spatial data for transportation planning;

[0037] Figure 2 To provide spatial data system and feature analysis diagram for transportation planning;

[0038] Figure 3 A model diagram for the relationship between the spatial data system and data symbol expression for transportation planning;

[0039] Figure 4 Coding illustration for the spatial data symbol library of transportation planning;

[0040] Figure 5 To quickly draw a flowchart using the cartographic expression rule model. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present disclosure to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present disclosure, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

[0042] like Figure 1-Figure 5 As shown, a method for quickly mapping traffic planning spatial data includes the following steps:

[0043] Step 1: Preprocessing of spatial data for transportation planning;

[0044] The transportation planning spatial data is obtained from the specific planning scheme as the input of this method.

[0045] First, the planning scheme is vectorized using GIS software tools, and the planning scheme data is converted into spatial vector data, and its planning indicators are analyzed, including the planning scope, planning level, planning element name, planning level, construction status, etc.; then the data is preprocessed, including the conversion of the geographic spatial coordinate system into a plane projection, the establishment of the road network spatial topology, and the standardization of element attribute fields; finally, the data is supplemented with indicator characteristics, including the type, accuracy, area, mileage, count, etc. of planning elements.

[0046] Step 2: Analysis of transportation planning spatial data system and expression characteristics;

[0047] The data system in this step mainly classifies and categorizes all spatial data involved in transportation planning, establishes a system framework and comparison, and analyzes the characteristics of the data from the time and space dimensions.

[0048] First, the content of the transportation planning spatial data system is sorted out, including conceptual (development) planning data, comprehensive planning data, and special planning data; then the spatiotemporal expression characteristics are analyzed from two dimensions. The first dimension is the spatial accuracy dimension of transportation planning spatial data, which is divided into fuzzy positioning, relative positioning, and precise positioning; the second dimension is the data expression accuracy, which is divided into morphological semantics, morphological-descriptive semantics, and descriptive semantics.

[0049] Furthermore, under the background of the construction of a modern high-quality integrated three-dimensional transportation network, the comprehensiveness and guidance of transportation planning spatial data have been further improved, and the planning system has been further improved. From the perspective of planning space area, transportation planning spatial data projects can be divided into national transportation planning spatial data, regional transportation planning spatial data, provincial transportation planning spatial data, municipal transportation planning spatial data, and county transportation planning spatial data. For example, the planning results atlas of the provincial and municipal comprehensive three-dimensional transportation network planning generally includes a schematic diagram of the comprehensive transportation status, a schematic diagram of the comprehensive transportation channel, a schematic diagram of the layout of the comprehensive transportation hub, a schematic diagram of the transportation planning spatial data, a schematic diagram of the railway network planning layout, a schematic diagram of the planning layout of the expressway network, a schematic diagram of the planning layout of the trunk road network, a schematic diagram of the planning layout of the comprehensive passenger hub, a schematic diagram of the planning layout of the comprehensive freight hub, a schematic diagram of the planning layout of water transportation and ports, etc.

[0050] The most significant feature of the graphical expression of transportation planning spatial data that distinguishes it from special planning is that the transportation planning spatial data system needs to express both the transportation spatial structural relationship required by general conceptual planning and the comprehensiveness of transportation modes, as well as the detailed spatial layout of transportation modes required by special planning.

[0051] In some embodiments, the specific method of expressing characteristics of the transportation planning spatial data system is as follows;

[0052] According to the spatial scale of planning and mapping, the spatial data mapping of transportation planning is mainly divided into small-scale mapping, medium-scale mapping and large-scale mapping. Taking into account the different characteristics of transportation modes in different regional scopes, different scales of planning require different cartographic comprehensive methods to express planning intentions. Generally speaking, for projects with different planning scopes, the cartographic expressions are quite different, but they follow the general graphic expression rules that the smaller the mapping scale, the higher the requirements for cartographic comprehensiveness, and the fewer elements are expressed. According to the type of mapping, planning mapping is divided into descriptive drawings and non-descriptive drawings. Descriptive drawings generally use descriptive semantic graphic element symbols, which need to accurately express planning contents such as geographical location, spatial scope, and route direction; non-descriptive drawings generally use morphological semantic graphic element symbols to fuzzily express spatial structure and abstract planning content. The graphic expression characteristics of the transportation planning spatial data system are shown in Table 1.

[0053] Table 1. Graphical representation characteristics of transportation planning spatial data

[0054]

[0055] (1) The general planning level mainly expresses the planning ideas and planning structure functions of planning researchers. It needs to use conceptually abstract morphological semantic graphic element symbols to express planning concepts, emphasizing the importance of the connection between graphic elements rather than precise geographical positioning. The mapping type is generally non-descriptive drawings. In the transportation planning system, it mainly includes planning types such as transportation development strategy planning.

[0056] (2) Comprehensive planning level, which mainly expresses the spatial structure and layout of the plan. It needs to use semantic graphic elements that combine descriptive and morphological elements to express the planning concept and content. The mapping type has the characteristics of both non-descriptive drawings and descriptive drawings. In the transportation planning system, it mainly includes planning types such as comprehensive transportation system planning and port and waterway layout planning.

[0057] (3) Special planning level: mainly expresses the accurate route direction and land and sea layout. It needs to use strict and accurate descriptive semantic graphic elements such as planning scope, spatial geographical location and direction to represent the planning content. The mapping type is generally descriptive drawings. In transportation planning, it mainly includes port master planning, road network line planning and other planning types.

[0058] Step 3: Establish a relationship model between the transportation planning spatial data system and data symbol expression;

[0059] This step takes the traffic planning spatial data system as the research basis for the graphics expression symbols, analyzes the traffic planning semantic-graphics comparison relationship, matches the visual variable design, and constructs a relationship model between the traffic planning spatial data system and data symbol expression.

[0060] First, the traffic planning spatial data preprocessed in step 1 is classified according to the elements in the data system, and the semantics of the traffic planning spatial data system is generalized by combining the traffic planning spatial data attribute indicators; the semantics of the traffic planning spatial data are analyzed, and it is disassembled and expressed according to point, line, and surface primitives, and the corresponding relationship between semantic information and primitive information is established; the basic visual variables and extended visual variables of the primitive information are designed by matching the semantic information; finally, the semantic-primitive information and visual variables of the traffic planning spatial data are associated and integrated to construct the thematic point, line, and surface symbol objects of the traffic planning spatial data.

[0061] Furthermore, common semantic-element types and expression characteristics are shown in Table 2.

[0062] Table 2 Common semantics of spatial data in transportation planning - examples of primitive types

[0063]

[0064] Furthermore, in addition to the abstraction of graphic elements, the design of visual variables also affects the expression of symbols. There are 6 basic visual variables in symbol design, namely shape, size, direction, color, brightness, and texture. In the combination of graphic elements, semantic analysis should be combined to make full use of these variable characteristics and express complex planning content through a combination of multiple visual variables. Through practical application, because the content of transportation infrastructure planning is mainly point and line symbols, in the graphic expression of transportation planning spatial data, shape, size, color, and direction have a greater impact on the graphic expression in the mapping of transportation planning spatial data, and texture and brightness visual variables are less concerned. With the development of electronic maps, the scope of visual expression variables has also expanded, such as structure, color saturation, transparency, sharpness, projection, etc.

[0065] The symbolic information in the mapping information mainly comes from the attribute information of planning elements. In the production of thematic symbols, it is necessary to classify the traffic planning elements according to thematic, spatial, temporal and other attributes to form a symbol system for traffic planning spatial data. The traffic planning spatial data is generalized into symbol semantic information and graphic element information one by one. Through the design of basic variables and extended variables of graphic elements, the thematic point, line and surface symbol objects of traffic planning spatial data are associated and constructed. The construction process of the symbol expression relationship model of planning thematic maps based on semantics and graphic elements is detailed in the following. Figure 3 .

[0066] Step 4: Establish a data symbol library and coding system based on the expression relationship model;

[0067] According to the traffic planning spatial data system - data symbol expression relationship model, a traffic planning spatial data symbol expression symbol library is established, and symbol encoding is performed according to the requirements of rapid mapping.

[0068] First, according to the spatial data system, a three-level symbol system of transportation planning subject types, transportation planning data classification, and transportation planning data symbols is established; then, according to the content and characteristics expressed by the system, the mapping element objects are encoded, and one coding symbol is used to represent one symbol; a 1:1 million basic scale map is used under the A3 map sheet, and according to the transportation planning spatial data system and data symbol expression relationship model, different data symbols are drawn according to the size of 10mm for point graphics elements and 2mm for line graphics elements, and a transportation planning spatial data symbol library is established.

[0069] In some embodiments, the specific steps of establishing the data symbol library are as follows;

[0070] (1) System description. The comprehensive transportation spatial planning system includes special transportation plans such as highways, railways, water transport, aviation, hubs, and support systems. The symbols are divided into highway themes, railway themes, water transport themes, aviation themes, hub themes, and support system themes according to the planning system.

[0071] (2) Symbol classification. The symbol system of comprehensive transportation spatial planning is divided into three levels, including: the first level structure is the transportation planning topic type of the planning system; the second level structure is the transportation planning data classification; the third level is the transportation planning data symbol.

[0072] First-level classification: Transportation planning topics include highways, railways, water transport, aviation, hubs, and support systems.

[0073] Secondary classification: Traffic planning data classification is specifically divided according to the primary classification, which may include secondary element classifications such as technical level, administrative level, and construction status.

[0074] Three-level classification: Traffic planning data symbols are traffic element symbols under different second-level classifications.

[0075] In some embodiments, the symbol encoding rules are as follows;

[0076] (1) Coding structure. The symbol code consists of a 5-digit code consisting of a capital letter and 4 decimal digits, and is coded according to the type of transportation planning topic, transportation planning data classification, and transportation planning data symbol.

[0077] (2) Coding rules: The first-level traffic planning topic type is a 1-digit letter code, the second-level traffic planning data classification is a 2-digit numeric code, and the third-level traffic planning data symbol is a 2-digit numeric code.

[0078] Furthermore, the specific coding example table is as follows:

[0079] Traffic planning topic type code table

[0080]

[0081] Traffic planning data classification and coding table (1) Highway special data classification and coding

[0082]

[0083] (2) Classification of railway thematic data

[0084]

[0085] (3) Classification of water transport data

[0086]

[0087]

[0088] (4) Aviation data classification

[0089]

[0090] (5) Classification of hub thematic data

[0091]

[0092]

[0093] (6) Support system thematic data classification

[0094]

[0095] In some embodiments, the specific steps of establishing the data symbol library are as follows:

[0096] Based on the spatial data system of traffic planning and the data symbol expression relationship model, the primitive symbols are designed as TrueType fonts, and the spatial data semantic primitive relationship and visual variable design are combined to realize the association combination of primitive symbols, build a traffic planning spatial data symbol library, and encode data symbols according to encoding rules. The traffic planning spatial data symbols of the present invention not only support the use of data symbols in traditional desktop GIS software and drawing software, but also support the application of data symbols on the Web side in the form of symbol services, so as to reduce the difficulty of planning and mapping diagram expression and improve the standardization level of traffic planning data service mapping expression.

[0097] Furthermore, the symbol system is as follows: the comprehensive transportation spatial planning system includes special transportation plans such as highways, railways, water transportation, aviation, hubs, and support systems. The symbols are divided into highway thematic symbols, railway thematic symbols, water transportation thematic symbols, aviation thematic symbols, hub thematic symbols, and support system thematic symbols according to the planning system.

[0098] Symbol classification, the symbol system of comprehensive transportation spatial planning is divided into three levels, including: the first-level structure is the thematic type of the planning system; the second-level structure is the data classification; the third level is the data symbol. The first-level classification thematic types include highways, railways, water transport, aviation, hubs, and support systems, a total of 6 first-level thematic types. The second-level data classification is specifically divided according to the first-level classification, which may include technical level, administrative level, construction status, etc., a total of 29 second-level element classifications. The third-level data symbols are transportation element symbols under different second-level classifications, a total of 113 third-level mapping elements.

[0099] Step 5: Calculate the data expression rules based on the data symbols;

[0100] According to the relationship model between the transportation planning spatial data system and data symbol expression, and the transportation planning spatial data symbol library, the data symbol expression factor and the cartographic comprehensive selection factor are calculated from the two aspects of data symbol expression rules and cartographic comprehensive expression rules.

[0101] The data symbol expression rules mainly study the data symbol display method based on the characteristics of mapping purpose, mapping area, mapping scale, etc.; the cartographic synthesis rules mainly summarize and abstract the main expression content of the plan through cartographic synthesis, and discard the secondary and non-essential features. The production of thematic maps is different from the national basic scale topographic map. It is necessary to carry out the design of cartographic expressions of different scales according to the thematic content and methods. In general, the symbols of surface elements do not need to set the size rules of data symbols. Only the symbols of point and line elements need to calculate the symbol size calculation rules at different scales.

[0102] The specific steps are as follows;

[0103] (1) A calculation model for data symbol expression rules is established, and three indicators, namely, mapping scale, element density, and element level, are selected as factors affecting data symbol expression.

[0104] Data symbol expression factor (C) = {cartographic scale (S), element density (D), element level (R)}

[0105] The calculation formula of data symbol expression rule is: C = α*β*γ*B 0

[0106] In the formula, C represents the size of the data symbol; α is the symbol expression rule coefficient of the cartographic scale, β is the symbol expression rule coefficient of the element density, and γ is the symbol expression rule coefficient of the element level; B 0 is the base size of the data symbol. According to the data symbol library established in step 4, the point feature symbol B 0 = 10mm, the base size of the data symbol is 10mm, the line symbol B 0 =2mm, the baseline width of the data symbol is 2mm.

[0107] (2) Calculation of impact factors.

[0108] The mapping scale (S) needs to be customized according to the scale requirements of different maps, and is usually divided into national, provincial, municipal, district and county scales according to the conventional scales of transportation planning spatial data expression. The corresponding scale S value range array is [1:9 million to 1:16 million, 1:4.5 million to 1:8 million, 1:2.5 million to 1:4.5 million, 1:1 million to 1:2.5 million, 1:500,000 to 1:1 million, 1:100,000 to 1:500,000, 1:500,000 to 1:100,000, 1:100,000 to 1:500,000, <1:10,000].

[0109] The feature density (D) indicates the number of points / lines per unit display scale. The specific calculation formula is:

[0110] D=count(point / line) / A

[0111] In the formula, count(point / line) is the number of point features or line features in the map, and A is the total area of ​​the mapping range.

[0112] The value range array of factor density (D) is [>1200,900~1200,700~900,500~700,250~500,100~250,50~100,10~50,<10].

[0113] The element level (R) needs to be determined according to the element level in the transportation planning spatial data system, which mainly expresses the hierarchical relationship of planning elements. According to the transportation planning spatial data system, the value range of the element level (R) is [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9].

[0114] (3) Query the data symbol rule model parameter value matrix table and calculate the data symbol expression factor.

[0115] First, a matrix table is established: according to the spatial data system of traffic planning and the characteristics of data symbols, according to the different scales of A3 map sheets, 10 point and line element symbols at 9 scales are selected as training sample sets, and the values ​​of α, β, and γ are scored and verified one by one through the map visual perception experiment method. The parameter value corresponding to the data symbol size with the highest score is selected to establish a data symbol rule model parameter value matrix table; then the data symbol expression factor is calculated according to the formula in step 1 as the rule parameter for the final mapping.

[0116] Table 1 Data symbol expression factor model coefficient value matrix

[0117]

[0118]

[0119] (4) Establish a calculation model for cartographic comprehensive expression rules and calculate the cartographic comprehensive expression selection factor. Using the size of the data symbol expression factor calculated in step 3, further determine whether it is necessary to make cartographic comprehensive selections for the transportation planning spatial data elements.

[0120] The value range array of the comprehensive expression rejection factor is [0,1], where 0 means retention, that is, the data symbol is plotted on the graph according to the calculation result in step (3), and 1 means discarding, that is, the data symbol is discarded and not expressed on the graph.

[0121] Table 2 Description of the rules for comprehensive cartographic expression

[0122]

[0123] (VI) Step 6: Use the cartographic expression rule model to quickly generate a map

[0124] A rapid mapping method based on the spatial data system, data symbols, and cartographic expression rules of traffic planning is established. A data symbol library and coding system are established based on the spatial data system and data symbol expression relationship model of traffic planning. The preprocessed spatial data of traffic planning are used, and the data symbol expression factor calculated in step 5 is used to represent the data symbol size, and the cartographic comprehensive selection factor is used to represent the data symbol selection, so as to complete rapid mapping. (1) Based on the spatial data system and data symbol expression relationship model of traffic planning established in step 3, the traffic planning vector data in the preprocessed instance of step 1 is classified into data symbols, and the data field is processed according to the data symbol coding established in step 4; (2) The traffic planning spatial data after symbol coding field processing is then retrieved and associated with the symbols of the data symbol library in step 4, and a comparison relationship between traffic planning spatial data and data symbols is established; (3) According to step 5, the data symbol expression factor and cartographic comprehensive selection factor of traffic planning spatial data are calculated to clarify the symbol size and selection of traffic planning spatial data elements; (4) The graphics rendering capability of GIS is used in the desktop GIS system or WebGIS system to quickly generate maps.

[0125] Furthermore, the cartographic expression is explained;

[0126] Cartographic expression rules include cartographic content and cartographic expression rules;

[0127] Cartographic content: The content of comprehensive transportation spatial planning mapping generally includes comprehensive transportation location diagram, comprehensive transportation status diagram, comprehensive three-dimensional transportation network main skeleton diagram, comprehensive transportation planning diagram, expressway network planning diagram, ordinary national highway network planning diagram, ordinary provincial highway network planning diagram, inland waterway network and port layout planning diagram, comprehensive hub station construction diagram, geographic base map and other results. In actual work, according to the mapping needs of different planning levels, the specific mapping content may increase or decrease, and should comply with the current standards and specifications for the compilation of comprehensive transportation planning.

[0128] The cartographic expression rules are based on the requirements of the comprehensive transportation space planning mapping content. According to the planning scope of different levels and regions, the mapping scales are different and the corresponding mapping symbol styles are different.

[0129] The following objectives can be achieved through the above disclosed embodiments:

[0130] (1) Construct a thematic spatial data symbol library for transportation planning and explore the mapping expression for planning analysis. This study analyzes the problems existing in the graphic expression of transportation planning spatial data, tracks the relevant standards and specifications and research progress of domestic transportation planning mapping expression, and studies the cartographic synthesis of different transportation elements in transportation planning spatial data based on cartography. It constructs a thematic data symbol library for transportation planning spatial data, establishes symbol coding according to mapping requirements such as element expression, logical hierarchy, and planning guidance, and provides association rules for the mapping expression of associated transportation planning spatial data.

[0131] (2) Establish rules for thematic mapping of transportation planning spatial data to guide planning mapping. Thematic maps of transportation planning spatial data have extensive content and diverse themes. In spatial mapping expression, it is necessary to highlight the planning guidance intention and emphasize the personalized expression needs of planners. Through this study, a set of rules for thematic mapping of transportation planning spatial data is established for transportation planning mapping of different scales such as comprehensive transportation, highways, water transportation, and support systems to meet the requirements for thematic mapping of transportation planning spatial data.

[0132] (3) Establish a calculation method for cartographic expression rules to reduce the difficulty of planning cartographic expression and standardize the graphic expression of planning results. Through customized design of transportation planning spatial data symbols, improve the standardization and normalization level of business personnel in transportation planning spatial data mapping, achieve rapid mapping and output, reduce the difficulty of cartographic expression, and improve mapping efficiency.

[0133] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "example", "specific example", etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0134] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the present invention to be protected.

Claims

1. A method for quickly mapping traffic planning spatial data, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Preprocess the traffic planning spatial data, convert it into vector data, and analyze and supplement its planning indicators; Step 2: Analyze the spatial data system and expression characteristics of transportation planning The analysis of the transportation planning spatial data system and expression characteristics specifically includes sorting out the content of the transportation planning spatial data system, including conceptual planning data, comprehensive planning data, and special planning data; the spatiotemporal expression characteristics are analyzed from two dimensions, the first dimension is from the spatial accuracy dimension of the transportation planning spatial data, which is divided into fuzzy positioning, relative positioning, and precise positioning; the second dimension is from the data expression accuracy, which is divided into morphological semantics, morphological-descriptive semantics, and descriptive semantics; Step 3: Establish a relationship model between the transportation planning spatial data system and data symbol expression; This step uses the traffic planning spatial data system as the research basis for the graphic expression symbols, analyzes the traffic planning semantics-graphic element comparison relationship, matches the visual variable design, and constructs a traffic planning spatial data system and data symbol expression relationship model; First, the traffic planning spatial data preprocessed in step 1 is classified according to the elements in the data system, and the semantics of the traffic planning spatial data system is generalized by combining the traffic planning spatial data attribute indicators; the semantics of the traffic planning spatial data are analyzed, and the data are disassembled and expressed according to point, line, and surface primitives, and the corresponding relationship between semantic information and primitive information is established; the basic visual variables and extended visual variables of the primitive information are designed by matching the semantic information; finally, the semantic-primitive information and visual variables of the traffic planning spatial data are associated and integrated to construct the thematic point, line, and surface symbol objects of the traffic planning spatial data; The basic visual variables include shape, size, direction, color, brightness, and texture; the extended visual variables include structure, color saturation, transparency, sharpness, and projection; Step 4: Establish a data symbol library and coding system based on the expression relationship model, and encode the mapping element objects according to the requirements of rapid mapping; The data symbol library and coding system are established based on the expression relationship model, specifically including establishing a three-level symbol system of traffic planning subject type, traffic planning data classification, and traffic planning data symbol according to the spatial data system; Encode the mapping element objects, using one coding symbol to represent one symbol; Step 5: Calculate the data symbol expression factor and cartographic generalization factor based on the data expression rule of the data symbol; Establish a calculation model for cartographic comprehensive expression rules, calculate the cartographic comprehensive expression selection factor, and use the size of the data symbol expression factor calculated in step 3 to further determine whether it is necessary to make cartographic comprehensive selections for the transportation planning spatial data elements; The value range array of the comprehensive expression rejection factor is [0,1], where 0 means to keep, that is, the data symbol is plotted on the graph according to the calculation result in step (3), and 1 means to discard, that is, the data symbol is discarded and not expressed on the graph; The data expression rule calculation based on data symbols specifically includes selecting three indicators, namely, cartographic scale, element density and element level, as data symbol expression influencing factors; calculating the data symbol expression factor according to the influencing factor calculation formula and the data symbol expression factor model coefficient value matrix table; calculating the cartographic comprehensive expression rejection factor according to the data symbol expression factor and querying the cartographic comprehensive expression rule table; The calculation formula of the data symbol expression factor is: C=α*β*γ*B0 In the formula, C represents the symbol size of the data symbol; α is the symbol expression rule coefficient of the cartographic scale, β is the symbol expression rule coefficient of the element density, and γ is the symbol expression rule coefficient of the element level; B0 is the base size of the data symbol. According to the data symbol library established in step 4, the point element symbol B0 = 10mm, the base size of the data symbol is 10mm, the line symbol B0 = 2mm, and the base line width of the data symbol is 2mm; Step 6: Use the cartographic expression rule model to quickly generate a map; A rapid mapping method based on the traffic planning spatial data system, data symbols, and cartographic expression rules is established. A data symbol library and coding system are established based on the traffic planning spatial data system and the data symbol expression relationship model. The preprocessed traffic planning spatial data is used to represent the data symbol size using the data symbol expression factor calculated in step 5 and the data symbol selection using the cartographic comprehensive selection factor to complete the rapid mapping. (1) Based on the traffic planning spatial data system and the data symbol expression relationship model established in step 3, the traffic planning vector data in the preprocessed instance in step 1 is classified into data symbols, and data field processing is performed according to the data symbol coding established in step 4; (2) The traffic planning spatial data after symbol coding field processing is then retrieved and associated with the symbols in the data symbol library in step 4 to establish a comparison relationship between the traffic planning spatial data and the data symbols; (3) According to step 5, the data symbol expression factor and cartographic comprehensive selection factor of the traffic planning spatial data are calculated to clarify the symbol size and selection of the traffic planning spatial data elements; (4) The graphics rendering capability of GIS is used in the desktop GIS system or WebGIS system to quickly generate maps.

2. The method for rapid mapping of traffic planning spatial data according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pre-processing of traffic planning spatial data specifically includes converting the geographic spatial coordinate system into a plane projection, establishing the road network spatial topology, and standardizing the feature attribute fields.

3. A system for rapid mapping of traffic planning spatial data, comprising: Data preprocessing module, used to preprocess traffic planning spatial data, convert it into vector data, and analyze and supplement its planning indicators; The data system analysis module is used to analyze the traffic planning spatial data system and expression characteristics, and analyze the spatiotemporal expression characteristics from two dimensions. The first dimension is the spatial accuracy dimension of traffic planning spatial data, which is divided into fuzzy positioning, relative positioning, and precise positioning. The second dimension is the data expression accuracy, which is divided into morphological semantics, morphological-descriptive semantics, and descriptive semantics. Data symbol model module, used to establish the relationship model between the transportation planning spatial data system and data symbol expression; This step uses the traffic planning spatial data system as the research basis for the graphic expression symbols, analyzes the traffic planning semantics-graphic element comparison relationship, matches the visual variable design, and constructs a traffic planning spatial data system and data symbol expression relationship model; First, the traffic planning spatial data preprocessed in step 1 is classified according to the elements in the data system, and the semantics of the traffic planning spatial data system is generalized by combining the traffic planning spatial data attribute indicators; the semantics of the traffic planning spatial data are analyzed, and the data are disassembled and expressed according to point, line, and surface primitives, and the corresponding relationship between semantic information and primitive information is established; the basic visual variables and extended visual variables of the primitive information are designed by matching the semantic information; finally, the semantic-primitive information and visual variables of the traffic planning spatial data are associated and integrated to construct the thematic point, line, and surface symbol objects of the traffic planning spatial data; The basic visual variables include shape, size, direction, color, brightness, and texture; the extended visual variables include structure, color saturation, transparency, sharpness, and projection; The data symbol library module is used to establish a data symbol library and coding system based on the expression relationship model, and encode the mapping element objects according to the requirements of rapid mapping; The data symbol library and coding system are established based on the expression relationship model, specifically including establishing a three-level symbol system of traffic planning subject type, traffic planning data classification, and traffic planning data symbol according to the spatial data system; Encode the mapping element objects, using one coding symbol to represent one symbol; Data expression rule module, used for calculating data expression rules based on data symbols, calculating data symbol expression factors and cartographic generalization factors; Establish a calculation model for cartographic comprehensive expression rules, calculate the cartographic comprehensive expression selection factor, and use the size of the data symbol expression factor calculated in step 3 to further determine whether it is necessary to make cartographic comprehensive selections for the transportation planning spatial data elements; The value range array of the comprehensive expression rejection factor is [0,1], where 0 means to keep, that is, the data symbol is plotted on the graph according to the calculation result in step (3), and 1 means to discard, that is, the data symbol is discarded and not expressed on the graph; The data expression rule calculation based on data symbols specifically includes selecting three indicators, namely, cartographic scale, element density and element level, as data symbol expression influencing factors; calculating the data symbol expression factor according to the influencing factor calculation formula and the data symbol expression factor model coefficient value matrix table; calculating the cartographic comprehensive expression rejection factor according to the data symbol expression factor and querying the cartographic comprehensive expression rule table; The calculation formula of the data symbol expression factor is: C=α*β*γ*B0 In the formula, C represents the symbol size of the data symbol; α is the symbol expression rule coefficient of the cartographic scale, β is the symbol expression rule coefficient of the element density, and γ is the symbol expression rule coefficient of the element level; B0 is the base size of the data symbol. According to the data symbol library established in step 4, the point element symbol B0 = 10mm, the base size of the data symbol is 10mm, the line symbol B0 = 2mm, and the base line width of the data symbol is 2mm; Rapid mapping module, used to quickly generate maps using cartographic expression rule models; A rapid mapping method based on the traffic planning spatial data system, data symbols, and cartographic expression rules is established. A data symbol library and coding system are established based on the traffic planning spatial data system and the data symbol expression relationship model. The preprocessed traffic planning spatial data is used to represent the data symbol size using the data symbol expression factor calculated in step 5 and the data symbol selection using the cartographic comprehensive selection factor to complete the rapid mapping. (1) Based on the traffic planning spatial data system and the data symbol expression relationship model established in step 3, the traffic planning vector data in the preprocessed instance in step 1 is classified into data symbols, and data field processing is performed according to the data symbol coding established in step 4; (2) The traffic planning spatial data after symbol coding field processing is then retrieved and associated with the symbols in the data symbol library in step 4 to establish a comparison relationship between the traffic planning spatial data and the data symbols; (3) According to step 5, the data symbol expression factor and cartographic comprehensive selection factor of the traffic planning spatial data are calculated to clarify the symbol size and selection of the traffic planning spatial data elements; (4) The graphics rendering capability of GIS is used in the desktop GIS system or WebGIS system to quickly generate maps.

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