A construction method for replacing wooden beams in rammed earth buildings

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of construction, and discloses a construction method for replacing wooden cantilever beams of rammed earth buildings. The construction method for replacing wooden cantilever beams of rammed earth buildings provided in the present invention comprises the following steps: unloading the load on the upper part of the wooden cantilever beam; processing a plurality of grouting holes from the top end face of the gable along the vertical foundation plane of the gable, the bottom end face of the grouting hole being lower than the lowest point of the horizontal position of the wooden cantilever beam; grouting the grouting holes with grouting material; processing a plurality of detachment holes from the side of the gable facing the wooden cantilever beam, the detachment holes being through to the surface of the wooden cantilever beam; pulling out the wooden cantilever beam from the gable to take out the wooden cantilever beam, and inserting a new wooden cantilever beam; after the wooden cantilever beam is replaced, the gap between the wooden cantilever beam and the gable is blocked, which can meet the repair and protection needs of replacing wooden cantilever beams in existing rammed earth buildings.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of construction, and in particular to a construction method for replacing wooden cantilever beams of rammed earth buildings. Background Art

[0002] Fujian Tulou is listed as one of the world's cultural heritage sites. It is built with stone as the foundation and raw earth as the main raw material.

[0003] The shape of Fujian Tulou is basically that the outer circle rear wall is an earth wall. Considering the needs of defense and thermal insulation, the thickness is generally more than 1m. The gable shape is a manually rammed earth wall with a thickness of more than 600MM. The gable is manually rammed. When ramming to the bottom of the wooden beam, a rectangular wooden beam is directly buried in the gable. The wooden beam is wrapped with rammed earth. The upper wall and roof load and purlin form a counterweight. The wooden beam is partially buried in the gable, and part of it is cantilevered and extended from the wall surface. The extended part is away from the edge of the wall. The cantilevered part of the wooden beam forms an eave with the load-bearing roof above, protecting the upper wall from rain erosion.

[0004] Since the cantilevered part of the wooden beam is directly exposed to the external environment, it is more susceptible to environmental erosion and insect pests, which can cause the wooden beam to decay, mechanical properties to decline, or even be damaged. Therefore, the cantilever beam is one of the most easily damaged load-bearing wooden components in the earth building. Since the wooden beam is an important load-bearing component and is cantilevered to bear force, it must be replaced if it is decayed or has a smaller cross-section or is eaten by insects. The wooden beam is buried in the earth wall for a long time, and the depth of burial is generally at least 2-2.5 times the length of the cantilevered beam. For example, if the length of the wooden beam is 1 meter, the buried length of the wooden beam is 2-2.5 meters. Replacement is difficult and not easy to implement, which can easily lead to damage to the gable wall and excessive interference with cultural relics. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a construction method for replacing wooden cantilever beams of rammed earth buildings, which can ensure the safety of the rammed earth building structure while replacing the wooden cantilever beams, reduce interference with the original building, and meet the needs of repairing and protecting the wooden cantilever beams of rammed earth buildings.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the embodiments of the present invention provide a technical solution as follows:

[0007] A construction method for replacing wooden cantilever beams in rammed earth buildings comprises the following steps:

[0008] Remove the load from the top of the wooden beam;

[0009] A plurality of grouting holes are processed from the top end face of the gable wall along the vertical foundation plane of the gable wall, and the bottom end face of the grouting hole is lower than the lowest point of the horizontal position of the wooden cantilever beam;

[0010] Grouting the grouting holes by injecting grouting materials;

[0011] A plurality of escape holes are processed from the side of the gable wall directly facing the wooden beam, and the escape holes penetrate to the surface of the wooden beam;

[0012] Remove the wooden beams from the gable and insert new wooden beams;

[0013] After the wooden cantilever beam is replaced, the gap between the wooden cantilever beam and the gable is sealed.

[0014] Furthermore, the load on the upper part of the wooden cantilever beam is unloaded, including dismantling the roof of the room on both sides of the gable where the wooden cantilever beam is located, the roof, including tiles, rafters, eaves boards and the roof purlins on both sides of the gable.

[0015] Furthermore, the grouting pressure is 0.2MPA-0.3MPA.

[0016] Furthermore, the grouting holes are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the wooden cantilever beam, and the grouting holes are evenly distributed laterally along both sides of the wooden cantilever beam.

[0017] Furthermore, the vertical distance between the central axis of the grouting hole and the side surface of the gable is 100MM-200MM, and the center distance between the grouting holes on the same side of adjacent wooden cantilever beams is 150MM-300MM.

[0018] Furthermore, the vertical distance between the bottom end surface of the grouting hole and the lowest point of the horizontal position of the wooden cantilever beam is 100MM-500MM.

[0019] Furthermore, the grouting hole is a circular hole, and the diameter of the grouting hole is 50MM-150MM.

[0020] Furthermore, the escape hole is a conical hole, which is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the wooden cantilever beam, with the end with a larger opening of the escape hole facing the wooden cantilever beam, and the bottoms of the two relatively arranged escape holes are connected.

[0021] Furthermore, the horizontal cross-section of the escape hole is a trapezoid, and the angle between the waist and the lower base of the trapezoid is 40°-50°.

[0022] Furthermore, the horizontal center distance of the escape holes is 800MM-1200MM.

[0023] Furthermore, the upper boundary of the detachment hole in the vertical direction is 20MM-50MM higher than the upper boundary of the wooden cantilever beam, and the lower boundary of the detachment hole in the vertical direction is 20MM-50MM lower than the lower boundary of the wooden cantilever beam.

[0024] Furthermore, grouting holes and wooden beams should be avoided when processing the separation holes.

[0025] Furthermore, the grouting material composition is lime:cement:fly ash:water=0.5:1:0.3:0.9 in weight ratio.

[0026] Furthermore, before the hole is removed, the compressive strength of the grouting material needs to reach 15 MPA.

[0027] Furthermore, sealing the gap between the wooden cantilever beam and the gable wall includes using hardwood strips to fill the gap between the wooden cantilever beam and the upper and lower gable walls.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the construction method for replacing wooden cantilever beams of rammed earth buildings provided by the present invention reinforces the gable wall by processing grouting holes and injecting grouting materials, and enables the wooden cantilever beams to be detached from the gable wall for replacement by processing detachment holes. During the replacement process, the firmness of the gable wall can be effectively guaranteed to avoid large-scale damage to the gable wall or rammed earth building. The method follows the principle of minimum intervention required for the restoration of cultural relics, and preserves the original method of the wooden cantilever beams being located in the middle of the gable wall. The method can meet the repair and protection needs of replacing wooden cantilever beams in existing rammed earth buildings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] One or more embodiments are exemplarily described by pictures in the corresponding drawings, and these exemplified descriptions do not constitute limitations on the embodiments. Elements with the same reference numerals in the drawings represent similar elements, and unless otherwise stated, the figures in the drawings do not constitute proportional limitations.

[0030] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the rammed earth building in the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the location distribution of the gable grouting holes in the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of a partial cross-sectional structure of a gable in the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 Yes Figure 3 Middle AA section view.

[0034] Explanation of the reference numerals: 1. rear wall; 2. gable; 3. roof; 4. wooden beam; 41. supporting end; 42. fixed end; 5. grouting hole; 6. release hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present invention clearer, the following will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that in the various embodiments of the present invention, many technical details are provided in order to enable the reader to better understand the present application. However, even without these technical details and various changes and modifications based on the following embodiments, the technical scheme claimed for protection in the claims of the present application can be implemented.

[0036] In one embodiment of the present invention, a construction method for replacing a wooden cantilever beam 4 of a rammed earth building is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0037] Unloading the load on the upper part of the wooden beam 4;

[0038] A plurality of grouting holes 5 are processed from the top end surface of the gable 2 along the gable 2 perpendicular to the foundation plane, and the bottom end surface of the grouting hole 5 is lower than the lowest point of the horizontal position of the wooden cantilever beam 4;

[0039] Grouting the grouting hole 5 by injecting grouting material;

[0040] A plurality of escape holes 6 are processed from the side of the gable 2 facing the wooden beam 4, and the escape holes 6 penetrate to the surface of the wooden beam 4;

[0041] Pull out the wooden beam 4 from the gable 2, and insert a new wooden beam 4;

[0042] After the wooden beam 4 is replaced, the gap between the wooden beam 4 and the gable 2 is blocked.

[0043] like Figure 1-4 As shown, in another embodiment of the present invention, the rammed earth building structure in the construction method for replacing the wooden cantilever beam 4 of the rammed earth building provided by the present invention includes a rear wall 1 and a gable 2 arranged perpendicular to the rear wall 1, and the gable 2 is used to divide the internal space of the rammed earth building; a wooden cantilever beam 4 is buried in the upper end of the gable 2, and the wooden cantilever beam 4 includes a supporting end 41 extending out of the wall and a fixed end 42 buried in the wall; the top of the gable 2 is in a mountain shape, and a roof 3 is arranged on the top of the gable 2, and the roof 3 is arranged corresponding to the gable 2, and is roughly in a mountain shape. The highest point of the roof 3 is the ridge, and the roof 3 extends downward from the ridge to both sides and out of the wall, and the extension surface of the roof 3 intersects with the supporting end 41 of the wooden cantilever beam 4, and the supporting end 41 supports the roof 3, and the roof 3 includes tiles, rafters, eaves boards and purlins.

[0044] In rammed earth buildings such as earth buildings, wooden beams 4 are important load-bearing components. Therefore, damage to wooden beams 4 will cause great safety hazards and need to be replaced in time. Before replacement, it is necessary to conduct targeted inspections on wooden beams 4, such as decay, reduced cross-section, insect bites, etc., and mark and replace damaged wooden beams 4.

[0045] When replacing the wooden beam 4 buried in the gable 2, first, remove the load on the upper part of the wooden beam 4; that is, remove the roof 3 on the upper part and both sides of the gable 2, such as tiles, rafters, eaves boards and purlins; then, process a plurality of grouting holes 5 from the top end face of the gable 2 along the vertical foundation plane of the gable 2, and the bottom end face of the grouting hole 5 is lower than the lowest point of the horizontal position of the wooden beam 4; at the top of the gable 2 where the wooden beam 4 is buried, process a plurality of grouting holes 5 vertically downward from the foundation, and the grouting holes 5 are preferably processed by drilling technology, and the depth of the drilling needs to exceed the bottom of the wooden beam 4. Preferably, the diameter of the grouting hole 5 is 50MM-100MM, and preferably, the bottom end face of the grouting hole 5 exceeds the bottom of the wooden beam 4 by 100MM-50 0MM, the grouting holes 5 are evenly distributed on both sides of the wooden cantilever beam 4, and are distributed in a pile along the wooden cantilever beam 4. The distance from the central axis of the grouting hole 5 to the surface of the wooden cantilever beam 4 is greater than 100MM. Preferably, the distance from the central axis of the grouting hole 5 to the side of the gable 2 is greater than 100MM, and the distance from the central axis of the grouting hole 5 to the surface of the wooden cantilever beam 4 is 100MM-200MM. The grouting holes 5 on the same side of the wooden cantilever beam 4 are evenly spaced in the horizontal direction, and the center distance between two adjacent grouting holes 5 is 150-300MM; then, the grouting holes 5 are grouted and injected with grouting material, and the grouting pressure is 0.2MPA-0.3MPA. In order to avoid perforation during grouting, drilling grouting should be implemented at intervals. After the grouting hole 5 is drilled, high-pressure gas is used to clean the inside of the grouting hole 5 to remove debris; before grouting, water is sprinkled to moisten it; the grouting material can be selected from construction mud, concrete, etc. Preferably, the grouting material components are in a weight ratio of lime: cement: fly ash: water = 0.5:1:0.3:0.9. Through the grouting operation of the grouting hole 5, the wall of the gable 2 is formed into a more solid whole, thereby achieving the reinforcement of the wall. After the grouting material solidifies to a compressive strength of 15MPA, a release hole 6 is processed from the side of the gable 2 facing the wooden beam 4 along the central axis of the wooden beam 4. There can be multiple release holes 6, and the release holes 6 are connected to the surface of the wooden beam 4. Preferably, the release holes 6 are relatively arranged, that is, symmetrically arranged along the two sides of the wooden beam 4; preferably, the release holes 6 are conical holes, and the end with the larger opening of the release hole 6 faces the wooden beam 4, and the bottoms of the two relatively arranged release holes 6 are connected; when processing the release holes 6, avoid the grouting holes 5 and the wooden beam 4, and do not damage the wooden beam 4 and the grouting materials in the grouting holes 5. The horizontal cross-section of the release hole 6 is a trapezoid, and the angle between the waist of the trapezoid and the lower bottom is 40°-50°.

[0046] The horizontal center distance of the detachment hole 6 is 800MM-1200MM. Preferably, the upper boundary of the detachment hole 6 in the vertical direction is 20MM-50MM higher than the upper boundary of the wooden cantilever beam 4, and the lower boundary of the detachment hole 6 in the vertical direction is 20MM-50MM lower than the lower boundary of the wooden cantilever beam 4, so that the wooden cantilever beam 4 can be detached from the gable 2 wall and taken out smoothly. After the damaged wooden cantilever beam 4 is taken out, a new wooden cantilever beam 4 is inserted into the original position, and the position of the new wooden cantilever beam 4 is calibrated and checked. After the verification is completed, the gap between the wooden cantilever beam 4 and the gable 2 wall is blocked. Preferably, the gap between the wooden cantilever beam 4 and the upper and lower walls of the gable 2 is blocked with hardwood picks. According to the size of the gap, hardwood strips of suitable thickness are selected and stuffed into the gap between the wooden cantilever beam 4 and the upper and lower walls of the gable 2, so that the wooden cantilever beam 4 and the gable 2 wall are relatively fixed. Finally, the roof 3 is restored, and the purlins, rafters, eaves boards, tiles, etc. are returned to their original positions, completing the replacement construction of the wooden cantilever beam 4.

[0047] In one embodiment, the thickness of the gable 2 is 800MM, and the wooden cantilever beam 4 is centrally arranged in the wall of the gable 2. The cross-section of the wooden cantilever beam 4 is a rectangle, the length of the rectangle is 350MM, and the width is 180MM. The width of the rectangle is set corresponding to the thickness of the gable 2, and the length of the rectangle is set along the height direction of the gable 2. After unloading the wooden cantilever beam 4, grouting holes 5 are processed on the top end face of the gable 2 corresponding to the wooden cantilever beam 4. The diameter of the grouting holes 5 is 80MM. The grouting holes 5 are processed perpendicular to the foundation plane. The depth of the grouting holes 5 is that the bottom end face of the grouting holes 5 is lower than the bottom of the wooden cantilever beam 4. Preferably, the distance between the bottom end face of the grouting holes 5 and the bottom surface of the wooden cantilever beam 4 is 300MM. The grouting holes 5 are processed along the extension direction of the wooden cantilever beam 4 and are symmetrically arranged relative to the wooden cantilever beam 4. The grouting holes 5 on the same side of the wooden cantilever beam 4 are evenly spaced, and the center distance between two adjacent grouting holes 5 is 200MM. The distance between the grouting holes 5 and the side surface of the adjacent gable 2 wall is 145MM. The grouting material for the grouting hole 5 adopts the component weight ratio of lime: cement: fly ash: water = 0.5:1:0.3:0.9, and the grouting pressure is 0.2MPA-0.3MPA. The grouting material is made into a 70.7MM×70.7MM×70.7MM cubic test block with the same conditions for retention. After the grouting material solidifies to a compressive strength of 15MPA, the detachment hole 6 is processed along the horizontal axis of the wooden cantilever beam 4. The vertical cross-section of the detachment hole 6 is rectangular, and the vertical height is 430MM. The horizontal center line of the detachment hole 6 is aligned with the center axis of the wooden cantilever beam 4, that is, the vertical distance between the upper boundary of the detachment hole 6 and the upper end face of the wooden cantilever beam 4 is 40MM, and the vertical distance between the lower boundary of the detachment hole 6 and the lower end face of the wooden cantilever beam 4 is 40MM; the horizontal cross-section of the detachment hole 6 is a trapezoid, and the waist of the trapezoid is aligned with the lower bottom. The angle is 45°, the horizontal center distance of the two adjacent detachment holes 6 on the same side of the wooden beam 4 is 1000MM, and the bottoms of the two symmetrically arranged detachment holes 6 are connected to facilitate the detachment of the wooden beam 4 from the gable 2 wall. The damaged wooden beam 4 is pulled out from the gable 2 wall, and a new wooden beam 4 is inserted. Then the position of the wooden beam 4 is corrected. After the position is confirmed, a hardwood strip with a width × thickness of 80MM × 40MM is inserted into the gap between the wooden beam 4 and the upper and lower walls of the gable 2. The length of the hardwood strip corresponds to the length of the wooden beam 4 buried in the gable 2 wall. Finally, the remaining gap between the wooden beam 4 and the wall is sealed with cement, and the roof 3 is restored after the cement solidifies.

[0048] The construction method for replacing wooden cantilever beams of rammed earth buildings provided by the present invention first reinforces the gable wall by setting grouting holes, and then enables the wooden cantilever beams to be detached from the gable for replacement by processing the detachment holes. During the replacement process, the structural safety can be effectively guaranteed to avoid causing large-scale damage to the gable or rammed earth building. The minimum intervention principle required for the restoration of cultural relics is followed, and the original method of the wooden cantilever beams being located in the middle of the gable is preserved. The repair and protection needs of replacing wooden cantilever beams in existing rammed earth buildings can be met.

[0049] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the above-mentioned embodiments are specific examples for implementing the present invention, and in actual applications, various changes may be made thereto in form and detail without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A construction method for replacing wooden beams in rammed earth buildings, characterized in that: The steps include: Remove the load from the top of the wooden beam; A plurality of grouting holes are processed from the top end surface of the gable wall along the vertical foundation plane of the gable wall, and the bottom end surface of the grouting holes is lower than the lowest point of the horizontal position of the wooden cantilever beam; Grouting the grouting holes by injecting grouting materials; A plurality of escape holes are processed from the side of the gable wall directly facing the wooden beam, and the escape holes penetrate to the surface of the wooden beam; Remove the wooden beams from the gable and insert new wooden beams; After the wooden cantilever beam is replaced, the gap between the wooden cantilever beam and the gable is sealed.

2. The construction method for replacing wooden beams in rammed earth buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of removing the load on the upper part of the wooden beam comprises removing the roofs of the rooms on both sides of the gable where the wooden beam is located, wherein the roof comprises tiles, rafters, eaves boards and the roof purlins on both sides of the gable are removed.

3. The construction method for replacing wooden beams in rammed earth buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the grouting material is injected into the grouting hole, the grouting pressure is 0.2MPA-0.3MPA.

4. The construction method for replacing wooden beams in rammed earth buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grouting holes are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the wooden cantilever beam, and the grouting holes are evenly distributed laterally along both sides of the wooden cantilever beam.

5. The construction method for replacing wooden beams in rammed earth buildings according to claim 4, characterized in that: The vertical distance between the central axis of the grouting hole and the side surface of the gable is 100MM-200MM, and the center distance between the grouting holes on the same side of adjacent wooden cantilever beams is 150MM-300MM.

6. The construction method for replacing wooden beams in rammed earth buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vertical distance between the bottom end surface of the grouting hole and the lowest point of the horizontal position of the wooden cantilever beam is 100MM-500MM.

7. The construction method for replacing wooden beams in rammed earth buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grouting hole is a circular hole, and the diameter of the grouting hole is 50MM-150MM.

8. The construction method for replacing wooden beams in rammed earth buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The escape holes are conical holes, which are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the wooden beam. The ends of the escape holes with larger cross-sectional openings face the wooden beam, and the bottoms of the two escape holes arranged opposite to each other are connected.

9. The construction method for replacing wooden beams in rammed earth buildings according to claim 8, characterized in that: The horizontal cross section of the escape hole is a trapezoid, and the angle between the waist and the lower base of the trapezoid is 40°-50°.

10. The construction method for replacing wooden beams in rammed earth buildings according to claim 8, characterized in that: The horizontal center distance of the escape holes is 800MM-1200MM.

11. The construction method for replacing wooden beams in rammed earth buildings according to claim 8, characterized in that: The upper boundary of the detachment hole in the vertical direction is 20MM-50MM higher than the upper boundary of the wooden cantilever beam, and the lower boundary of the detachment hole in the vertical direction is 20MM-50MM lower than the lower boundary of the wooden cantilever beam.

12. The construction method for replacing wooden beams in rammed earth buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grouting holes and wooden beams are avoided during the processing of the escape holes.

13. The construction method for replacing wooden beams in rammed earth buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grouting material composition is lime:cement:fly ash:water=0.5:1:0.3:0.9 in weight ratio.

14. The construction method for replacing wooden beams in rammed earth buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before the release hole is processed, the compressive strength of the grouting material needs to reach 15 MPA.

15. The construction method for replacing wooden beams in rammed earth buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of sealing the gap between the wooden cantilever beam and the gable wall comprises using hardwood strips to fill the gap between the wooden cantilever beam and the upper and lower gable walls.

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