A method for cultivating lentinus edodes fermentation material

Abstract

The present application provides a kind of Lentinus edodes fermentation facility cultivation method, the method includes main steps: cultivation material preparation, cultivation material pre-fermentation, cultivation material post-fermentation, inoculation, spawn, control bud, control mushroom and mushroom management etc..In which, the temperature, illumination, ventilation, humidity and other conditions of each stage are strictly controlled during the period of spawn and the period of mushroom, so that the cultivated Lentinus edodes has good consistency, high quality and rich nutrition.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of edible mushroom cultivation, in particular to a method for facility cultivation of Lentinula edodes fermentation material. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, the main modes of artificial cultivation of Lentinula edodes are traditional farming cultivation mainly based on manual operation and facility cultivation mainly based on manual operation combined with semi-mechanization. At present, no matter which mode of Lentinula edodes cultivation is adopted, the raw materials need to be bagged in the bagging process, and after bagging, steam sterilization is performed, and manual solid inoculation is adopted. In the early stage of mycelium cultivation, closed pure culture is performed, and in the later stage, manual bag puncturing is required for oxygen increase. In the fruiting stage, bag removal and water injection for bud induction are required. In the harvesting stage, manual picking is required, which consumes a large amount of labor. The above cultivation methods have many problems such as complicated process, high energy consumption, high labor cost, poor consistency of Lentinula edodes growth, unstable yield and quality, and low cultivation benefit, which restricts the sustainable and high-quality development of the Lentinula edodes industry. The transformation and upgrading of edible mushroom cultivation from the traditional mode mainly based on dispersed manual operation to intensive and mechanized and standardized cultivation has become an inevitable development trend of the Lentinula edodes industry. SUMMARY

[0003] In view of the problems such as poor consistency of Lentinula edodes growth, unstable yield and quality, and low cultivation benefit in the prior art, the present application provides a method for facility cultivation of Lentinula edodes fermentation material, which comprises the following main steps: preparation of cultivation material, pre-fermentation of cultivation material, post-fermentation of cultivation material, inoculation, mycelium cultivation, bud induction, mushroom control, and mushroom growth management. In the mycelium cultivation and mushroom growth stages, the temperature, light, ventilation, and humidity conditions of each stage are strictly controlled, so that the cultivated Lentinula edodes has good consistency in mushroom growth, high quality, and rich nutrition.

[0004] The present application adopts the following technical solutions:

[0005] The present application provides a method for facility cultivation of Lentinula edodes fermentation material, which comprises the following steps:

[0006] S1, preparation of cultivation material

[0007] The wood chips, bran, avocado pits, ginkgo fruits, aloe, and black tea residues are prepared in a weight percentage of 55-65%, 10-20%, 5-10%, 5-10%, 4-8%, and 4-8%, respectively. The avocado pits and ginkgo fruits are mixed and crushed before use. The wood chips are pre-wetted and stacked for more than 20 days before use, and then mixed with other ingredients to obtain the cultivation material.

[0008] S2, pre-fermentation of cultivation material

[0009] The cultivation material is fermented in a fermentation tank for 10-12 days, and the tank is turned over twice during the fermentation.

[0010] S3, post-fermentation of cultivation material

[0011] The post-fermented cultivation material is filled, laid flat and pressed on the cultivation layer shelf in the mushroom house by the mushroom bed loader, and is subjected to natural temperature rising, pasteurization and temperature reduction and cooling stages, until the cultivation material is dark brown, soft in texture, white actinomycetes are spread on the material surface, the leaching liquid is clear and transparent, the water content is 68% to 70%, the pH is 7 to 7.5, and the nitrogen content is 2.5% to 2.8%;

[0012] S4, inoculation

[0013] After the post-fermentation of the cultivation material is completed, holes are punched evenly on the material bed to the bottom of the cultivation material, and the liquid strain inoculation sterile operation requirements are met, the mushroom liquid strain spores and the liquid are evenly sprayed in the material holes and on the surface of the cultivation material;

[0014] S5, spawn running

[0015] The mushroom bed after the seeding is covered with a plastic film for moisture retention, and the film is removed after 7 to 8 days;

[0016] The cultivation is carried out for 32 to 35 days under the following conditions: the environmental temperature of the mushroom house is adjusted to 23 to 25℃, the material temperature is 21 to 22℃, the air relative humidity is 65 to 70%, the carbon dioxide concentration is less than 5500ppm, and the light intensity is less than 10 lux;

[0017] From the 33rd to the 36th day, the temperature is adjusted to 22 to 24℃, the humidity is 85 to 90%, the carbon dioxide concentration is less than 3500ppm, and the light intensity is less than 10 lux, and the above conditions are maintained for 5 days, and the mycelium on the surface of the bed is thick and white;

[0018] From the 38th to the 41st day, the temperature is reduced to 16℃, the humidity is reduced to 65 to 70%, the carbon dioxide concentration is less than 3000ppm, and the above conditions are maintained for 4 days;

[0019] From the 42nd to the 45th day, the temperature is adjusted to 22 to 23℃, the light intensity is 100 lux, and the humidity is 88 to 92%, and the above conditions are maintained for 5 days.

[0020] S6, bud breaking, fruiting control and mushroom cultivation management

[0021] From the 47th to the 50th day, when the bright brown or dark brown skin is formed on the surface of the bed, and the local papillary protuberance appears, the bud breaking, fruiting control and mushroom cultivation management are started;

[0022] Bud breaking: from the 47th to the 50th day, the surface of the material is washed with water, the environmental temperature is adjusted to 22 to 24℃, the humidity is 92 to 95%, the carbon dioxide concentration is less than 3000ppm, the light intensity is 300 to 350 lux, and the above conditions are maintained for 7 days;

[0023] Day 55d-58d, the temperature is controlled at 15℃, humidity at 65%, carbon dioxide concentration at 3500ppm, and light at 300lux, and the above conditions are maintained for 2 days;

[0024] Day 58d-61d, the temperature is controlled at 24℃, humidity at 92-95%, carbon dioxide concentration at 3000ppm, and light at 350lux, and the above conditions are maintained for 4-5 days, and the mushroom primordium and bud start to grow on the surface of the bed after 2 days.

[0025] Control of mushroom: through the sparse bud, the number of mushroom buds per square meter is controlled at about 120, and the excess small mushrooms and weak mushrooms are removed;

[0026] Mushroom cultivation: the temperature is controlled at 20℃, humidity at 80-85%, carbon dioxide concentration at 2000ppm, and light at 400lux, and the above conditions are maintained for 8-10 days;

[0027] Mushroom picking: when the fruiting body grows to the stage of breaking the veil, the edge of the cap is involuted, and the cap is brown, the mushroom is picked;

[0028] S7, residual material cleaning

[0029] After the second picking of the mushroom, steam sterilization is performed, and then the mushroom residue on the shelf is cleaned out of the mushroom house.

[0030] Further, the sawdust in step S1 is oak, acacia or maple sawdust, wherein the fine sawdust with a particle size of 1.0mm-1.5mm accounts for 70% of the weight of the sawdust, and the coarse sawdust with a particle size of 3.0mm-4.0mm accounts for 30% of the weight of the sawdust.

[0031] Further, the first turning in step S2 refers to turning after the material temperature reaches 75℃ and is maintained for 2 days, the second turning refers to turning after the material temperature reaches 75℃ and is maintained for 3 days, and the fermentation ends after the material temperature reaches 75℃ and is maintained for 1 day.

[0032] Further, the natural temperature rising fermentation stage in step S3 refers to internal circulation for 8-12h, natural temperature rising at a speed of 3.0-4.0℃ / h, until the temperature difference between the material and the mushroom house is less than 3.5℃;

[0033] The pasteurization stage refers to passing hot steam into the mushroom house, maintaining 58-60℃ for 12h, passing filtered fresh air for 12h, and then reducing the temperature at a speed of 3-4℃ / h by adjusting the steam input, until the bottom temperature of the fermentation material drops to 45℃, and the temperature difference between the bottom and the top of the mushroom house is maintained at 3℃;

[0034] The cooling stage refers to starting to reduce the temperature at a speed of 3℃ / h when the ammonia content in the air conveying pipeline is less than 5mg / L, until the temperature of the material pile drops to 26-28℃.

[0035] Further, the Lentinula edodes liquid strain in step S4 is "Shanghai F2" liquid strain.

[0036] Further, the fermentation tank in step S2 is open at the top, and the inside is 3.5 m wide. The three side walls are built with cement and bricks to form a fermentation tank with a length of 20 m, a width of 3.5 m, and a height of 4 m. The bottom is built with a cement precast slab with 25% air holes. The air holes are 3-4 cm in diameter, and the precast slab is 50 cm away from the cement ground. A high-pressure fan is used to intermittently supply air to the fermentation material from the bottom of the fermentation tank. The air supply is 18 meters per hour of culture material, and the fan pressure is 3200-4000 pascals. 3 / t, and the fan pressure is 3200-4000 pascals.

[0037] The technical effects achieved by the present application are:

[0038] (1) The present application uses specific cultivation material, which uses the organic matter of avocado pits, ginkgo fruits, aloe vera, and black tea residues to enrich the nutritional components of the cultivation material, which is beneficial to the rapid fermentation and nutritional needs of Lentinula edodes during growth. The cultivated Lentinula edodes has good appearance quality and high nutritional value.

[0039] (2) The cultivation material of the present application uses fermentation tank centralized stacking and composting and open type centralized treatment of culture material method in the mushroom house, which replaces the traditional steam sterilization method for dispersed preparation of culture material. Not only is it energy-saving, but also has significant sterilization and maturation effects, and also makes the culture material more selective for Lentinula edodes.

[0040] (3) The mycelium culture and mushroom cultivation room are in the same area, and the mycelium culture and mushroom cultivation are placed in the same mushroom house, which implements open cultivation and bed surface horizontal type mushrooming, which not only reduces the cultivation facilities and manual transfer investment, but also makes the Lentinula edodes have stronger adaptability.

[0041] (4) Liquid strain is used instead of traditional solid strain inoculation, which greatly shortens the cultivation period of Lentinula edodes and improves the consistency of Lentinula edodes.

[0042] (5) During the spawn period and the mushroom cultivation period, precise control of temperature, light, oxygen, and humidity is carried out to improve the consistency of Lentinula edodes mushrooming, and to achieve high yield and stable yield of Lentinula edodes cultivation.

[0043] (6) The present application solves the problems of complex process, high energy consumption, long cultivation period, high labor intensity, high labor cost, and poor consistency of mushrooming in seasonal cultivation of Lentinula edodes, and provides an effective method and important way for intensive, standardized, and high-yield and stable-yield cultivation of Lentinula edodes, which has wide application prospect. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the technical solutions of the present application will be described clearly and completely below in combination with the embodiments of the present application. The following embodiments are used to illustrate the present application but not to limit the scope of the present application. The Lentinula edodes liquid culture provided by the National Edible Fungus Engineering Technology Research Center is used in the present application. The specific techniques or conditions not mentioned in the embodiments are performed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the art or according to the product instructions.

[0045] Example 1: Study on the formula of cultivation material

[0046] Table 1: Study on the formula of cultivation material

[0047]

[0048]

[0049] The cultivation is performed according to the following method:

[0050] S1: Preparation of cultivation material

[0051] The cultivation material is prepared according to the formula in Table 1. The avocado pits and / or ginkgo fruits are crushed in advance. The wood chips are all Fagaceae oak wood chips. The fine wood chips with a particle size of 1.0 mm to 1.5 mm account for 70% of the weight of the wood chips, and the coarse wood chips with a particle size of 3.0 mm to 4.0 mm account for 30% of the weight of the wood chips. The wood chips are pre-wetted and stacked for more than 20 days before use, and then mixed with other ingredients to obtain the cultivation material.

[0052] S2: Pre-fermentation of cultivation material

[0053] The cultivation material is fermented in a fermentation tank for 10 to 12 days. The material is turned over twice during the fermentation. The first turning over is performed after the material temperature reaches 75°C and maintains for 2 days, and the second turning over is performed after the material temperature reaches 75°C and maintains for 3 days. The pre-fermentation is completed after the material temperature reaches 75°C and maintains for 1 day.

[0054] The top of the fermentation tank is open. The inside is 3.5 m wide. The three walls are built with cement and bricks into a fermentation tank with a length of 20 m, a width of 3.5 m, and a height of 4 m. The bottom is built with a cement precast slab with 25% air holes. The air holes are 3.5 cm in diameter, and the precast slab is 50 cm away from the cement ground. A high-pressure air blower is used to intermittently blow air to the fermentation material from the bottom of the fermentation tank. The air supply is 18 meters per hour of cultivation material, and the air pressure of the blower is 4000 pascals. 3

[0055] S3: Post-fermentation of cultivation material

[0056] ​The post-fermented cultivation material is filled, laid flat and pressed on the cultivation layer frame in the mushroom house by a mushroom bed loading machine, and is subjected to a natural temperature rising fermentation stage, a pasteurization stage and a temperature dropping cooling stage, until the cultivation material is dark brown in color, soft in texture, white actinomycetes are spread on the surface of the material, the leaching liquid is clear and transparent, the water content is 68-70%, the pH is 7-7.5, and the nitrogen content is 2.5-2.8%;

[0057] In the natural temperature rising fermentation stage, the internal circulation is 8-12 hours, the natural temperature rising speed is 3.0-4.0℃ / h, and the temperature difference between the material and the mushroom house is less than 3.5℃.

[0058] In the pasteurization stage, hot steam is introduced into the mushroom house, the temperature is maintained at 58-60℃ for 12 hours, fresh air is introduced for 12 hours after filtration, the steam introduction amount is adjusted, the temperature at the bottom of the fermentation material is dropped to 45℃ at a dropping speed of 3-4℃ / h, and the temperature difference between the bottom and the top of the mushroom house is maintained at 3℃.

[0059] In the temperature dropping cooling stage, when the ammonia content in the air conveying pipeline is less than 5mg / L, the temperature dropping speed is 3℃ / h until the temperature of the material is dropped to 26-28℃.

[0060] S4, inoculation

[0061] After the post-fermentation of the cultivation material is completed, holes are punched on the material bed to the bottom of the cultivation material, the liquid strain inoculation is carried out according to the sterile operation requirements, the Lushang F2 liquid strain of Lentinula edodes is sprayed on the inside of the holes and the surface of the cultivation material, and the liquid strain is inoculated.

[0062] S5, spawn running

[0063] After the inoculation is completed, the mushroom bed is covered with a plastic film for moisture retention, and the film is removed after 7-8 days.

[0064] Under the following culture conditions, the cultivation is carried out for 32-40 days: the environmental temperature of the mushroom house is adjusted to 23℃, the temperature of the material is 21℃, the relative humidity of the air is 85-90%, the carbon dioxide concentration is less than 4500ppm, the light intensity is less than 10lux, and the mycelium grows thick and white on the surface of the bed.

[0065] On the 42th-45th day, the light intensity is adjusted to 100lux, and the humidity is maintained at 88-92% for 5 days.

[0066] S6, primordium induction, mushroom control and cultivation management

[0067] Primordium induction: on the 47th-61st day, the surface of the material is washed with water, the environmental temperature is adjusted to 23℃, the humidity is adjusted to 92-95%, the carbon dioxide concentration is less than 3000ppm, the light intensity is 350lux, and the primordium and mushroom buds grow on the surface of the bed.

[0068] Control mushrooms: Thin out the buds to control the number of buds per square meter to about 120, and remove excess small and weak mushrooms;

[0069] Mushroom cultivation: Regulate the temperature to 20°C, humidity to 80-85%, CO2 concentration to 2000ppm, and light intensity to 400lux. Maintain these conditions for 8-10 days.

[0070] Picking mushrooms: harvest when the fruiting bodies grow to the point where the mycelium begins to break, the edges of the cap curl inward, and the cap turns brown;

[0071] S7, residual material cleaning

[0072] After harvesting the second flush of mushrooms in the mushroom house, steam is passed through to sterilize and disinfect, and then the mushroom residue on the mushroom rack is cleaned and brought into the mushroom house.

[0073] Example 2 Effect of Cultivation Materials on Mycelial Growth

[0074] During the cultivation of shiitake mushrooms using recipes 1-8 according to the method described in Example 1, during step S5, the growth of mycelium under different recipes of cultivation materials was recorded. The statistical results are shown in Table 2.

[0075] Table 2 Effects of different cultivation materials on mycelial growth

[0076] Formulation Mycelium color Mycelium density Mycelium uniformity Mycelium growth rate Formulation 1 yellowish white ++ +++ +++ Formulation 2 white +++ ++ +++ Formulation 3 whiter +++ ++++ ++++ Formulation 4 yellowish white ++++ +++ ++++ Formulation 5 whiter +++ +++ +++++ Formulation 6 white ++ ++++ ++++ Formulation 7 whiter ++++ ++ +++ Formulation 8 white ++++ ++++ +++++

[0077] The results showed that mycelium grown in formulations 2, 6, and 8 had better color, while formulations 1 and 4 were yellowish. Formulations 4, 7, and 8 had higher mycelium density, while formulations 3, 6, and 8 had better mycelium uniformity. Formulations 3-6 and 8 had faster mycelium growth. Overall, formulation 8 outperformed the other formulations in terms of mycelium color, density, uniformity, and growth rate.

[0078] Example 3 Effect of Cultivation Materials on the Nutrient Content of Lentinus edodes Fruiting Bodies

[0079] According to the method described in Example 1, mushrooms were cultivated and harvested using formulations 1-8. The contents of organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, etc. in mushrooms harvested using different formulations of cultivation materials were tested. The test results are shown in Table 3.

[0080] Table 3 Effects of different cultivation materials on the nutritional components of fruiting bodies

[0081] Formulation Organic matter (%) Nitrogen (g / Kg) Phosphorus (g / Kg) Potassium (g / Kg) Formulation 1 33.2％ 34.2％ 3.34 21.0 Formulation 2 38.5％ 32.7％ 3.18 20.4 Formulation 3 40.2％ 31.4％ 3.59 23.3 Formulation 4 36.6％ 33.8％ 3.64 22.8 Formulation 5 45.3％ 36.6％ 3.06 23.7 Formulation 6 44.1％ 31.2％ 3.10 25.3 Formulation 7 43.4％ 34.5％ 3.29 22.6 Formulation 8 45.6％ 35.6％ 3.85 24.6

[0082] The results showed that the fruiting bodies grown with recipes 5-8 had higher organic matter content, those grown with recipes 1, 5, 7, and 8 had higher nitrogen content, those grown with recipes 3, 4, and 8 had higher phosphorus content, and those grown with recipes 3, 5, 6, and 8 had higher potassium content. Overall, the fruiting bodies grown with recipe 8 had superior nutritional content across all recipes.

[0083] Effects of spawn running period and cultivation period management on mushroom fruiting consistency and Lentinula edodes varieties

[0084] Group management 1 cultivated according to the following method:

[0085] S1, preparation of cultivation material

[0086] The cultivation material was prepared according to the formula 8 in Table 1.

[0087] S2, pre-fermentation of cultivation material

[0088] The cultivation material was fermented in a fermentation tank for 10-12 days, with the bin being emptied twice, i.e. the first time after the material temperature reached 75°C and maintained for 2 days, the second time after the material temperature reached 75°C and maintained for 3 days, and the pre-fermentation being completed after the material temperature reached 75°C and maintained for 1 day.

[0089] The fermentation tank and treatment were the same as in Example 1.

[0090] S3, post-fermentation of cultivation material

[0091] The pre-fermented cultivation material was loaded, laid flat, and compacted on the cultivation layer shelf in the mushroom house by a mushroom bed loading machine, and went through a natural temperature rising fermentation stage, a pasteurization stage, and a temperature dropping cooling stage, until the cultivation material was dark brown in color, soft in texture, covered with white actinomycetes, the leaching liquid was clear and transparent, the water content was 68%-70%, the pH was 7-7.5, and the nitrogen content was 2.5-2.8%;

[0092] The natural temperature rising fermentation stage refers to internal circulation for 8-12 hours, natural temperature rising at a speed of 3.0-4.0°C / h, until the material temperature is balanced to a difference of less than 3.5°C from the temperature of the mushroom house.

[0093] The pasteurization stage refers to passing hot steam into the mushroom house, maintaining at 58-60°C for 12 hours, passing filtered fresh air for 12 hours, and then reducing the temperature at a speed of 3-4°C / h by adjusting the steam input, until the bottom temperature of the fermentation material drops to 45°C, and the temperature difference between the bottom and the top of the mushroom house is maintained at 3°C.

[0094] The temperature dropping cooling stage refers to starting to reduce the temperature at a speed of 3°C / h when the ammonia content in the air conveying pipeline is less than 5 mg / L, until the material pile temperature drops to 26-28°C.

[0095] S4, inoculation

[0096] After the post-fermentation of the cultivation material was completed, holes were evenly punched on the material bed to the bottom of the cultivation material, and according to the sterile operation requirements for liquid inoculation, the Lentinula edodes Shanghai Xiang F2 liquid inoculum was evenly sprayed inside the material holes and on the surface of the cultivation material.

[0097] S5, spawn running

[0098] After sowing, cover the bed with plastic film to keep it moist, and remove the film after 7-8 days;

[0099] Cultivate for 32-35 days under the following conditions: adjust the temperature to 23-25℃, the material temperature to 21-22℃, the air relative humidity to 65-70%, the carbon dioxide concentration to less than 5500ppm, and the light intensity to less than 10 lux;

[0100] From the 33rd to the 36th day, adjust the temperature to 22-24℃, the humidity to 85-90%, the carbon dioxide concentration to less than 3500ppm, and the light intensity to less than 10 lux, and maintain these conditions for 5 days. The mycelium on the bed surface will grow thick and white.

[0101] From the 38th to the 41st day, lower the temperature to 16℃, the humidity to 65-70%, and the carbon dioxide concentration to less than 3000ppm, and maintain these conditions for 4 days.

[0102] From the 42nd to the 45th day, adjust the temperature to 22-23℃, the light intensity to 100 lux, and the humidity to 88-92%, and maintain these conditions for 5 days.

[0103] S6, bud induction, mushroom control, and mushroom cultivation management

[0104] From the 47th to the 50th day, when the bed surface forms a bright brown or dark brown mushroom skin and local papillary elevations appear, start the bud induction, mushroom control, and mushroom cultivation environmental management.

[0105] Bud induction: from the 47th to the 50th day, rinse the surface of the mushroom material with water, adjust the environmental temperature to 22-24℃, the humidity to 92-95%, the carbon dioxide concentration to less than 3000ppm, and the light intensity to 300-350 lux, and maintain these conditions for 7 days.

[0106] From the 55th to the 58th day, adjust the environmental temperature to 15℃, the humidity to 65%, the carbon dioxide concentration to 3500ppm, and the light intensity to 300 lux, and maintain these conditions for 2 days.

[0107] From the 58th to the 61st day, adjust the environmental temperature to 24℃, the humidity to 92-95%, the carbon dioxide concentration to 3000ppm, and the light intensity to 350 lux, and maintain these conditions for 4-5 days. Maintain these conditions for 2 days, and the bed surface will start to grow mushroom primordia and mushroom buds.

[0108] Mushroom control: control the number of mushroom buds per square meter to around 120 by thinning, and remove excess small mushrooms and weak mushrooms.

[0109] Mushroom cultivation: adjust the temperature to 20℃, the humidity to 80-85%, the carbon dioxide concentration to 2000ppm, and the light intensity to 400 lux, and maintain these environmental conditions for 8-10 days.

[0110] Mushroom harvesting: harvest when the fruiting body grows to the point where the gill membrane starts to break, the mushroom cap edge rolls inward, and the mushroom cap turns brown.

[0111] S7, residual material cleaning

[0112] After harvesting the second flush of mushrooms in the mushroom house, steam is passed through to sterilize and disinfect, and then the mushroom residue on the mushroom rack is cleaned and brought into the mushroom house.

[0113] Group management 2 is cultivated according to the following method:

[0114] Steps S1, S2, S3, S4, S6, and S7 are the same as those in Group Management 1. The difference is that the S5 spawning management method is as follows:

[0115] After sowing, cover the mushroom bed with plastic film to keep it moist, and remove the film after 7-8 days.

[0116] Cultivate for 32-35 days under the following culture conditions: adjust the ambient temperature of the mushroom house to 23-25°C, the material temperature to 21-22°C, the relative humidity to 65-70%, the carbon dioxide concentration to less than 5500ppm, and the light intensity to less than 10lux.

[0117] On the 33rd to 36th day, the temperature was adjusted to 22-24°C, the humidity was 85-90%, the carbon dioxide concentration was lower than 3500ppm, and the light intensity was less than 10lux. The above conditions were maintained for 5 days, and the mycelium on the surface of the fungus bed grew thick and white.

[0118] On the 38th to 41st day, the temperature was adjusted to 18-20°C, the humidity was reduced to 75-80%, and the carbon dioxide concentration was lower than 3000 ppm for 4 days;

[0119] On the 42nd to 45th day, adjust the temperature to 22-23°C, light intensity to 100 lux, and humidity to 88-92% for 5 days. Cultivate the plants in group 3 according to the following method:

[0120] Steps S1, S2, S3, S4, S5 and S7 are the same as those in group management 1. The difference is that the management methods for S6, bud induction, mushroom control and mushroom cultivation are as follows:

[0121] On the 47th to 50th day, when the surface of the mushroom bed forms a bright brown or dark brown skin and nipple-like protrusions appear locally, bud induction, mushroom control and mushroom cultivation environmental control management begin;

[0122] Bud induction: On the 47th to 50th day, rinse the surface of the fungus medium with water, and control the ambient temperature to 22-24°C, humidity to 92-95%, carbon dioxide concentration to below 3000ppm, and light intensity to 300-350lux for 7 days.

[0123] From day 55 to day 58, the ambient temperature was controlled at 15°C, humidity at 80% to 90%, CO2 concentration at 3500 ppm, and light at 300 lux for 2 days.

[0124] The temperature is regulated to 24℃, humidity 92-95%, carbon dioxide concentration 3000ppm, and light 350lux for 4-5 days, and then maintained for 2 days. The mushroom primordia and buds start to grow on the surface of the bed.

[0125] The management of the same group is as follows.

[0126] The group management 4 is cultivated according to the following method:

[0127] The steps S1, S2, S3, S4, and S7 are the same as the group management 1. The difference is that the steps S5 and S6 are as follows.

[0128] The management of the same group is as follows.

[0129] The bed is covered with plastic film after sowing, and the film is removed after 7-8 days;

[0130] The bed is cultured under the following conditions for 32-35 days: the temperature is regulated to 23-25℃, the material temperature is 21-22℃, the air relative humidity is 65-70%, the carbon dioxide concentration is less than 5500ppm, and the light is less than 10lux;

[0131] The temperature is regulated to 22-24℃, humidity 85-90%, carbon dioxide concentration less than 3500ppm, and light less than 10lux for 5 days. The mycelium grows thick and white on the surface of the bed.

[0132] The temperature is regulated to 16℃, humidity 80-90%, and carbon dioxide concentration less than 3000ppm for 4 days.

[0133] The temperature is regulated to 22-23℃, light 100lux, and humidity 88-92% for 5 days.

[0134] When the bed surface forms a bright brown or dark brown skin and local papillary protrusions appear, the bud induction, mushroom control, and mushroom cultivation management are started.

[0135] The bud induction is performed by washing the surface of the material with water, regulating the environmental temperature to 22-24℃, humidity 92-95%, carbon dioxide concentration less than 3000ppm, and light 300-350lux for 7 days.

[0136] The temperature is regulated to 16-17℃, humidity 92-95%, carbon dioxide concentration 3500ppm, and light 300lux for 2 days.

[0137] The temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide concentration and light were controlled as 24℃, 92-95%, 3000ppm, 350lux respectively. The above conditions were maintained for 4-5 days, and then maintained for 2 days. The mycelium began to grow into primordia and buttons.

[0138] The management of the cultivation of the Lentinula edodes was the same in the group 1.

[0139] The morphological characteristics of the Lentinula edodes cultivated by the group management 1, group management 2 and group management 3 were compared, and the yield was counted. The results were shown in Table 4.

[0140] Table 4 The influence of different management methods on the consistency and yield of the Lentinula edodes

[0141]

[0142]

[0143] The results showed that the temperature, light, ventilation and humidity in each stage were strictly controlled during the mycelium growth and fruiting stage of the group management 1. The Lentinula edodes cultivated by the group management 1 had good consistency and higher quality.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating shiitake mushroom fermented material in a facility, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Preparation of planting materials The invention discloses a method for preparing a cultivation material comprising preparing 60% sawdust, 15% bran, 7% avocado pits, 8% ginkgo nuts, 5% aloe vera, and 5% black tea residue in terms of weight percentage. The avocado pits and ginkgo nuts are mixed and crushed before use. The sawdust is pre-wetted and piled for more than 20 days before use, and then mixed with the other ingredients to obtain a cultivation material. S2. Pre-fermentation of cultivation materials Ferment the culture material in the fermentation tank for 10-12 days, during which time the tank is turned over twice; S3, post-fermentation of cultivation materials The pre-fermented cultivation material is loaded, spread and compacted on the cultivation shelves in the mushroom house through a mushroom bed feeder. After the natural heating and fermentation stage, pasteurization stage and cooling stage, the cultivation material becomes dark brown and soft in texture, with white actinomycetes covering the surface of the material. The extract is clear and transparent with a water content of 68%-70%, a pH of 7-7.5 and a nitrogen content of 2.5-2.8%. S4. Vaccination After the fermentation of the culture material is completed, holes are evenly punched on the material bed to the bottom of the culture material. According to the aseptic operation requirements of liquid culture inoculation, the shiitake liquid culture pellets and liquid are evenly sprayed into the holes and on the surface of the culture material. S5, Sterilization After sowing, cover the mushroom bed with plastic film to keep it moist, and remove the film after 7-8 days. Cultivate for 32-35 days under the following culture conditions: adjust the ambient temperature of the mushroom house to 23-25°C, the material temperature to 21-22°C, the relative humidity to 65-70%, the carbon dioxide concentration to less than 5500ppm, and the light intensity to less than 10lux. On the 33rd to 36th day, the temperature was adjusted to 22-24°C, the humidity to 85-90%, the carbon dioxide concentration to less than 3500ppm, and the light intensity to less than 10lux. The above conditions were maintained for 5 days, and the mycelium on the surface of the fungus bed grew thick and white. On the 38th to 41st day, the temperature was lowered to 16°C, the humidity to 65-70%, and the carbon dioxide concentration to below 3000 ppm, and maintained for 4 days; On the 42nd to 45th day, the temperature was adjusted to 22-23°C, the light intensity was 100 lux, and the humidity was 88-92% for 5 days. S6. Management of bud induction, mushroom control and mushroom cultivation On the 47th to 50th day, when the surface of the mushroom bed forms a bright brown or dark brown skin and nipple-like protrusions appear locally, bud induction, mushroom control and mushroom cultivation environmental control management should be started; Bud formation: On the 47th to 50th day, rinse the surface of the culture medium with water, and maintain the ambient temperature at 22-24°C, humidity at 92-95%, CO2 concentration below 3000 ppm, and light intensity at 300-350 lux for 7 days. From day 55 to day 58, the ambient temperature was controlled at 15°C, humidity at 65%, CO2 concentration at 3500 ppm, and light at 300 lux for 2 days. From the 58th to the 61st day, the ambient temperature was controlled to 24°C, the humidity to 92-95%, the carbon dioxide concentration to 3000 ppm, and the light intensity to 350 lux. These conditions were maintained for 4-5 days. After 2 days, primordia and buds of Shiitake mushrooms began to grow on the surface of the fungus bed. Control mushrooms: Thin out the buds to control the number of buds per square meter to about 120, and remove excess small and weak mushrooms; Mushroom cultivation: Regulate the temperature to 20°C, humidity to 80-85%, CO2 concentration to 2000ppm, and light intensity to 400lux. Maintain these conditions for 8-10 days. Harvesting: Harvest when the fruiting body grows to the point where the mycelium begins to break, the edge of the cap curls inward, and the cap turns brown. S7, residual material cleaning After harvesting the second flush of mushrooms in the mushroom house, steam is passed through to sterilize and disinfect, and then the mushroom residue on the mushroom rack is cleaned and brought into the mushroom house.

2. The method for cultivating shiitake mushroom fermented material in a facility according to claim 1, wherein: The sawdust in step S1 is sawdust from oak, castanopsis or maple trees of the Fagaceae family, wherein fine sawdust with a particle size of 1.0 mm to 1.5 mm accounts for 70% of the sawdust weight, and coarse sawdust with a particle size of 3.0 mm to 4.0 mm accounts for 30% of the sawdust weight.

3. The method for cultivating shiitake mushroom fermented material in a facility according to claim 1, wherein: The silo emptying in step S2 means that the material temperature reaches 75°C and is maintained for 2 days before the first silo emptying, the material temperature reaches 75°C and is maintained for 3 days before the second silo emptying, and the silo temperature reaches 75°C and is maintained for 1 day before the front fermentation ends.

4. The method for cultivating shiitake mushroom fermented material in a facility according to claim 1, wherein: The natural temperature rise fermentation stage in step S3 is an internal circulation for 8 to 12 hours, with the temperature rising naturally at a rate of 3.0 to 4.0°C / h until the temperature of the material is balanced to a temperature difference of less than 3.5°C with the mushroom room temperature; The pasteurization stage is to introduce hot steam into the mushroom house at 58-60℃ for 12 hours. After filtering fresh air for 12 hours, the steam flow rate is adjusted to reduce the temperature of the fermentation material at the bottom to 45℃ at a rate of 3-4℃ / h. The temperature difference between the bottom and the top of the mushroom house is maintained at 3℃. The cooling stage means that when the ammonia content in the air conveying pipeline is lower than 5 mg / L, it starts to decrease at a rate of 3°C / h until the pile temperature drops to 26~28°C.

5. The method for cultivating shiitake mushroom fermented material in a facility according to claim 1, wherein: The shiitake mushroom liquid spawn described in step S4 is the "Huxiang F2" liquid spawn.

6. The method for cultivating shiitake mushroom fermented material in a facility according to claim 1, wherein: The top of the fermentation tank in step S2 is open, the interior width is 3.5m, and the three side walls are made of cement and bricks to form a fermentation tank with a length of 20m, a width of 3.5m and a height of 4m. The bottom is constructed with a concrete prefabricated board with 25% air holes. The diameter of the air holes is 3~4cm. The prefabricated board is 50cm away from the bottom cement floor. A high-pressure fan is used to intermittently supply air to the fermentation material from the bottom of the fermentation tank. The air supply volume is 18 meters of culture material per hour. 3 / t, the fan pressure is 3200~4000 Pascal.

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