Metal material and ultrasonic assisted rolling forming device and method

Abstract

The application discloses a metal material and an ultrasonic auxiliary rolling forming device and method, and belongs to the technical field of metal material preparation. The device comprises an ultrasonic movement control mechanism, an ultrasonic vibration mechanism, a rolling mill and an ultrasonic support device. The ultrasonic movement control mechanism drives the ultrasonic vibration mechanism to move in a specific direction, so that the ultrasonic vibration mechanism is applied to the metal blank with an adjustable constant thrust and performs high-frequency vibration. The metal material has high strength and plasticity, and small residual stress. The device has simple structure, convenient operation and maintenance, wide application range, and is easy to cooperate with rolling mills of different types to realize continuous production. The preparation method can break through the size limitation of traditional ultrasonic auxiliary rolling forming, and is especially suitable for the preparation of metal layered composite materials, realizes strong metallurgical bonding of the interface without external heat, and prepares high-performance, large-size and interface intermetallic compound-free metal layered composite materials.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of metal material preparation technology, specifically relating to a metal material and an ultrasonic-assisted rolling forming device and method, which is particularly suitable for the preparation of metal layered composite materials. Background Technology

[0002] With the advancement of science and technology and the expansion of industry demands, metallic materials are gradually developing towards lightweighting, low cost, and multifunctionality, placing increasingly higher requirements on their comprehensive performance. In some fields, traditional single metallic materials are increasingly unable to meet application needs. Therefore, layered metal composites have emerged. Layered metal composites are a new type of metallic material that combines two or more component metallic materials with different properties using specific preparation and processing techniques, achieving metallurgical bonding at the interface. Layered metal composites possess all the advantages of individual component metallic materials while compensating for their shortcomings, exhibiting excellent comprehensive performance and finding wide application in aerospace, transportation, electronic information, daily life, and national defense.

[0003] Rolling is currently the main method for preparing single-metal materials or layered metal composites. However, existing rolling methods for preparing single-metal materials or layered metal composites have problems such as the need for preheating or subsequent heat treatment, high rolling pressure, insufficient density, high residual stress, and low overall performance. For example, in the process of preparing layered metal composites by rolling, heating is often required to reduce the deformation resistance of the component metal materials or subsequent heat treatment to promote the diffusion of interfacial elements in order to achieve interfacial composite; while prolonged thermal action can effectively promote the diffusion of interfacial elements, it can also generate intermetallic compounds, which deteriorates the interface.

[0004] Ultrasonic waves possess advantages such as high energy, high efficiency, and cleanliness, and have been applied in the field of metal rolling forming, showing great promise. For example, in ultrasonic-assisted rolling composite processes, ultrasound can enable the interfaces of layered metal composite billets to be bonded in a very short time without melting, avoiding the formation of intermetallic compounds. Existing ultrasonic-assisted rolling forming methods typically apply ultrasonic vibration to rolls, with the ultrasonic vibration mechanism and the rolling mill arranged in parallel. The rolls drive the metal billet to reciprocate at high frequency, utilizing the frictional heat generated between the surfaces or surfaces to be bonded to achieve the forming or interface bonding of the metal materials. This method indirectly transmits ultrasonic energy through the rolls. However, since a significant amount of energy loss and attenuation inevitably occurs when ultrasonic waves pass through the rolls, the utilization rate of ultrasonic energy in the metal billet is low. This results in problems such as low overall performance, poor interfacial bonding strength, and excessive residual stress in the prepared single metal materials or layered metal composite materials. In particular, existing ultrasonic-assisted rolling composite forming methods fail to fully utilize the core and key role of ultrasound. They cannot induce high-frequency vibration, instantaneous temperature rise, and rapid diffusion of atoms on the surface of the constituent metal materials to be composited under the action of ultrasound. This makes it difficult to promote strong metallurgical bonding at the composite interface of metal layered composite materials and obtain high interfacial bonding strength. Furthermore, due to the limitations of the development of high-power ultrasonic transducers, current ultrasonic equipment can only achieve rolling composite of metal foil with a thickness of micrometers on rolls with a narrow width, and the width of the formed metal layered composite material is limited, generally not exceeding 20 mm.

[0005] In summary, existing rolling methods for preparing single-metal materials or layered metal composites suffer from several drawbacks, including the need for preheating or subsequent heat treatment, high rolling pressure, easy formation of intermetallic compounds at the interface, poor interfacial bonding strength, low overall material performance, excessive residual stress, low ultrasonic energy utilization, and difficulty in preparing high-performance metal materials with millimeter-level thickness and wide width. Therefore, developing a novel ultrasonic-assisted rolling method that eliminates the need for preheating or subsequent heat treatment, requires low rolling force, prevents intermetallic compound formation at the composite interface, ensures strong metallurgical bonding at the composite interface, minimizes residual stress, and enables the preparation of single-metal materials or layered metal composites with excellent overall performance in millimeter-level thickness and wide width is of great significance. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the aforementioned problems in current metal material rolling forming processes, this invention proposes a metal material and an ultrasonic-assisted rolling forming device and method. An ultrasonic vibration mechanism is arranged in series with the rolling mill on the rolling production line. Ultrasonic vibration is directly applied to the metal billet at the mill inlet or the metal material at the mill outlet via an ultrasonic tool head. The aim is to generate Stonley waves, which, unlike the transverse and longitudinal waves in traditional ultrasonic-assisted rolling, propagate only near the rolling interface. This causes multidimensional high-frequency vibrations, instantaneous temperature rise, and rapid diffusion of the metal atoms. Furthermore, because the ultrasonic energy is directly transferred to the metal billet or metal material, energy loss and attenuation caused by indirect transmission of ultrasonic energy through the rolls are avoided, greatly improving the utilization rate of ultrasonic energy.

[0007] According to a first aspect of the technical solution of the present invention, an ultrasonic-assisted rolling forming device for metal materials is provided, comprising an ultrasonic travel control mechanism, an ultrasonic vibration mechanism, a rolling mill, and an ultrasonic support device;

[0008] The ultrasonic travel control mechanism is fixedly installed at the front end of the inlet or the rear end of the outlet of the rolling mill, and controls the ultrasonic vibration mechanism to move in a specific direction;

[0009] The ultrasonic vibration mechanism is fixedly mounted on the ultrasonic travel control mechanism and is capable of periodic high-frequency vibration. The ultrasonic vibration mechanism is equipped with an ultrasonic generator and an ultrasonic tool head, wherein the ultrasonic tool head can directly apply ultrasonic vibration to the metal billet at the inlet of the rolling mill or to the metal material at the outlet of the rolling mill.

[0010] The rolling mill is equipped with an upper roll and a lower roll.

[0011] The ultrasonic support device is at least one of a fixed support block or a support roller.

[0012] Furthermore, the width direction of the ultrasonic tool head is parallel to the axis of the roll, the angle between the length direction of the ultrasonic tool head installed at the inlet front end of the roll gap and the rolling direction of the metal billet is 91-179°, and the angle between the length direction of the ultrasonic tool head installed at the outlet rear end of the roll gap and the rolling direction of the metal billet is 1-89°.

[0013] Furthermore, the ultrasonic travel control mechanism is installed simultaneously at both the inlet front end and the outlet rear end of the rolling mill.

[0014] Furthermore, the ultrasonic travel control mechanism is symmetrically arranged along the upper and lower surfaces of the metal blank or metal material, and the ultrasonic support device is eliminated to improve the ultrasonic effect and transmission efficiency.

[0015] Furthermore, multiple ultrasonic travel control mechanisms are installed laterally side by side in the same manner of applying ultrasonic waves.

[0016] Furthermore, the metal billet is a single metal billet or a layered metal composite billet, and the metal material is a single metal material or a layered metal composite material.

[0017] According to a second aspect of the present invention, an ultrasonic-assisted rolling forming method using the ultrasonic-assisted rolling forming apparatus for metal materials as described above is provided, the specific steps of which are as follows:

[0018] Step 1: Prepare the metal billet;

[0019] Step 2: Place the metal billet into the gap between the upper and lower rolls of the rolling mill, where it will be bitten into the mill.

[0020] Step 3: Activate the ultrasonic travel control mechanism to apply a constant thrust to the surface of the metal billet with the ultrasonic tool head;

[0021] Step 4: Activate the ultrasonic generator to apply ultrasonic waves to the ultrasonic tool head;

[0022] Step 5: Start the rolling mill, bite the metal billet into the roll gap for rolling, and obtain the high-performance metal material.

[0023] Furthermore, the constant thrust is applied by at least one of pneumatic drive, hydraulic drive, electric drive, or elastic medium drive, and the magnitude of the constant thrust is 0.1-0.7 MPa.

[0024] Furthermore, the frequency of the ultrasonic wave is 15-40 kHz. In the field of ultrasonic processing, when the frequency of the ultrasonic wave is low, its core function cannot be fully realized. As the frequency of the ultrasonic wave increases, the amplitude of the ultrasonic wave gradually decreases. When the amplitude decreases to a certain level, it will be detrimental to the interfacial bonding of metal layered composite materials. Therefore, the preferred frequency of the ultrasonic wave is 20-30 kHz. The power of the ultrasonic wave is 400-10000 W. In ultrasonic-assisted forming processes, different types or sizes of metal materials require different ultrasonic powers. In softer or smaller metal materials, lower power ultrasonic waves are more effective. Therefore, the preferred power of the ultrasonic wave is 400-3000 W. In harder or larger metal materials, higher ultrasonic power is often required to ensure sufficient penetration or achieve specific ultrasonic effects. Therefore, the preferred power of the ultrasonic wave is 8000-10000 W.

[0025] Furthermore, the rolling reduction in step five is 20%-70%. For metal materials with low hardness or easy interfacial bonding, interfacial bonding of metal layered composite materials can be achieved with a relatively low reduction rate. Therefore, the preferred rolling reduction is 20%-35%. For metal materials with high hardness or poor immiscibility, interfacial bonding of metal layered composite materials can only be achieved with a relatively high reduction rate. Therefore, the preferred rolling reduction is 40%-70%.

[0026] According to a third aspect of the present invention, a metallic material is provided, which is prepared by the ultrasonic-assisted rolling forming method according to any of the above aspects.

[0027] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0028] 1. The ultrasonic-assisted rolling forming device for metal materials of the present invention has a simple structure, is easy to operate and maintain, has a wide range of applications, and can be easily integrated with existing rolling mills of different models to achieve continuous production.

[0029] 2. The ultrasonic-assisted rolling forming method for metallic materials of the present invention, by directly applying ultrasonic vibration to the metal billet at a specific angle, can additionally generate Stonley waves, which, unlike the transverse and longitudinal waves in traditional ultrasonic-assisted rolling, propagate only near the rolling interface. This causes the metal atoms to undergo multidimensional high-frequency vibration, instantaneous temperature rise, and rapid diffusion. Without the need for preheating or subsequent heat treatment, the combined effect of rolling and the ultrasonic energy field can overcome the dimensional limitations in the thickness direction of the metal billet in existing ultrasonic vibration-assisted rolling methods, making it particularly suitable for the efficient and high-quality preparation of millimeter-thickness layered metal composite materials.

[0030] 3. The ultrasonic-assisted rolling forming method for metal materials of the present invention can apply multiple ultrasonic waves in the same manner in a transverse and parallel manner. While ensuring the effect of ultrasonic waves in the thickness direction of the metal billet, it can also break through the size limitation in the width direction of the existing ultrasonic-assisted rolling forming method, and realize the preparation of high-performance metal materials with larger width.

[0031] 4. The ultrasonic-assisted rolling forming method for metal materials of the present invention can simultaneously complete rolling forming and surface strengthening treatment. While preparing large-size metal materials, it improves the wear and corrosion resistance of the metal surface. In some applications, it eliminates the need for subsequent coating processes, saving time and economic costs and greatly improving production efficiency.

[0032] 5. During the ultrasonic-assisted rolling process of metal billets, ultrasound can promote high-frequency vibration and rapid movement of metal atoms, enabling atomic rearrangement under weak constraints. This reduces internal defects in the metal material and improves the uniformity and density of atomic arrangement. Therefore, the metal material prepared by this invention can reduce residual stress while ensuring high strength and toughness. In particular, the metal layered composite material prepared by this invention does not melt at the composite interface and has a short thermal action time. Therefore, it can achieve strong metallurgical bonding at the interface without the formation of brittle intermetallic compounds, resulting in a metal layered composite material with high interfacial bonding strength. The overall performance of the metal layered composite material is excellent. At the same time, it can eliminate heating or heat treatment processes in the traditional preparation of metal layered composite materials, shortening the cycle, reducing energy consumption, and saving costs. Attached Figure Description

[0033] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the ultrasonic-assisted rolling forming device for metal materials according to the present invention.

[0035] Among them, 1-ultrasonic support device; 2-ultrasonic tool head; 3-ultrasonic travel control mechanism; 4-rolling mill. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments. It should be noted that the embodiments are only used to further illustrate the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make some non-essential improvements and adjustments based on the above content of the present invention.

[0037] Technologies and equipment known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such technologies and equipment should be considered part of the specification.

[0038] In all the examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values.

[0039] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0040] This invention proposes a metal material and an ultrasonic-assisted rolling forming device and method. An ultrasonic vibration mechanism is arranged in series with the rolling mill on the rolling production line. Ultrasonic vibration is directly applied to the metal billet at the mill inlet or the metal material at the mill outlet via an ultrasonic tool head. The purpose is to generate Stonley waves, which, unlike the transverse and longitudinal waves in traditional ultrasonic-assisted rolling, propagate only near the rolling interface. This causes multidimensional high-frequency vibration, instantaneous temperature rise, and rapid diffusion of the metal atoms. Furthermore, because the ultrasonic energy is directly transferred to the metal billet or metal material, energy loss and attenuation caused by indirect transmission of ultrasonic energy through the rolls are avoided, greatly improving the utilization rate of ultrasonic energy.

[0041] This ultrasonic application method can fully utilize the core and key role of ultrasound, causing stronger high-frequency vibrations in the atoms of metal billets or metal materials, promoting element diffusion, improving the comprehensive performance of metal materials, reducing residual stress, and facilitating the preparation of metal materials with large thickness and wide width with excellent comprehensive performance by ultrasonic-assisted rolling. It is especially suitable for the preparation of metal layered composite materials with millimeter-level thickness, wide width, and strong metallurgical bonding at composite interfaces.

[0042] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, one embodiment of the present invention provides an ultrasonic-assisted rolling forming device for metal materials, including an ultrasonic support device 1, an ultrasonic travel control mechanism 3, an ultrasonic vibration mechanism, and a rolling mill 4.

[0043] The ultrasonic travel control mechanism 3 is fixedly installed at at least one position in the inlet front end or outlet rear end of the rolling mill 4 to control the ultrasonic vibration mechanism to move in a specific direction.

[0044] The ultrasonic vibration mechanism is fixedly mounted on the ultrasonic travel control mechanism 3 and is capable of periodic high-frequency vibration. An ultrasonic generator and an ultrasonic tool head 2 are mounted on the ultrasonic vibration mechanism.

[0045] The rolling mill 4 is equipped with an upper roll and a lower roll, and the ultrasonic support device 1 is at least one of a fixed support block or a support roll.

[0046] Furthermore, the width direction of the ultrasonic tool head 2 is parallel to the axis of the roll, the angle between the length direction of the ultrasonic tool head 2 installed at the inlet front end of the roll gap and the rolling direction of the metal billet is 91-179°, and the angle between the length direction of the ultrasonic tool head installed at the outlet rear end of the roll gap and the rolling direction of the metal billet is 1-89°.

[0047] Furthermore, the ultrasonic travel control mechanism 3 is symmetrically arranged along the upper and lower surfaces of the metal blank or metal material, eliminating the ultrasonic support device 1 and improving the ultrasonic effect and transmission efficiency.

[0048] Furthermore, multiple ultrasonic travel control mechanisms 3 are installed side-by-side laterally in the same manner of ultrasonic wave application.

[0049] Furthermore, the metal billet is a single metal billet or a layered metal composite billet, and the metal material is a single metal material or a layered metal composite material.

[0050] Another embodiment of the present invention provides an ultrasonic-assisted rolling forming method using the above-mentioned ultrasonic-assisted rolling forming device for metal materials, the specific steps of which are as follows:

[0051] Step 1: Prepare the metal billet;

[0052] Step 2: Place the metal billet into the gap between the upper and lower rolls of the rolling mill 4, where it will be bitten into the rolling mill 4;

[0053] Step 3: Activate the ultrasonic travel control mechanism 3 to apply the ultrasonic tool head 2 with a constant thrust to the surface of the metal billet;

[0054] Step 4: Start the ultrasonic generator to apply ultrasonic waves to the ultrasonic tool head 2;

[0055] Step 5: Start the rolling mill 4 to bite the metal billet into the roll gap for rolling, and obtain the high-performance metal material.

[0056] Furthermore, the constant thrust is applied by at least one of pneumatic drive, hydraulic drive, electric drive, or elastic medium drive, and the magnitude of the constant thrust is 0.1-0.7 MPa.

[0057] Furthermore, the frequency of the ultrasonic wave is 15-40kHz (preferably 20-30kHz) and the power is 400-10000W (preferably 400-3000W and 8000-10000W).

[0058] Furthermore, the rolling reduction in step five is 20%-70% (preferably 20%-35% and 40%-70%).

[0059] Another embodiment of the present invention also provides a metallic material, which is prepared according to the above method.

[0060] Example 1

[0061] Preparation of high-performance copper / steel layered composite materials.

[0062] Step 1: Grind and clean the copper and steel surfaces to be laminated, which are 1mm×30mm×200mm in size, respectively, to remove the oxide scale and oil stains, and complete the pretreatment of the surfaces to be laminated. Then, laminate the steel on top and the copper on the bottom.

[0063] Step 2: Place the assembled copper / steel laminated slab into the gap between the upper and lower rolls of the rolling mill 4.

[0064] Step 3: Start the ultrasonic travel control mechanism 3, so that the ultrasonic tool head 2 with a width of 35mm, an ultrasonic frequency of 20kHz, and an ultrasonic power of 1500W is pushed by the pneumatic drive device and applied to the upper surface of the steel with a constant thrust of 0.3MPa along the length direction of the ultrasonic tool head 2 at an angle of 140° with the rolling direction, and is symmetrically distributed with the fixed support block along the surface of the copper / steel laminated slab to be composited.

[0065] Step 4: Start the ultrasonic generator and apply ultrasonic waves to the ultrasonic tool head 2;

[0066] Step 5: Start rolling mill 4 and bite the copper / steel laminated slab into the roll gap for cold rolling composite. The cold rolling reduction is 50% to obtain a high-performance copper / steel layered composite material.

[0067] Example 2

[0068] Fabrication of large-size, high-performance copper strips.

[0069] Step 1: Grind the upper and lower surfaces of the copper strip blank with dimensions of 4mm×1000mm×3000mm respectively to complete the surface pretreatment;

[0070] Step 2: Place the pre-treated copper strip billet into the gap between the upper and lower rolls of the rolling mill 4.

[0071] Step 3: Arrange five ultrasonic tool heads 2, each 220mm wide, with an ultrasonic frequency of 20kHz and an ultrasonic power of 1000W, side by side along the axial direction of the roll, ensuring a distance of 1mm between adjacent ultrasonic tool heads 2. The angle between the length direction of the ultrasonic tool head 2 and the rolling direction is 120°; activate the ultrasonic travel control mechanism 3, so that the ultrasonic tool heads 2, driven by the hydraulic drive device, apply a constant thrust of 0.2MPa to the upper surface of the copper strip billet, and are symmetrically distributed with the support roll along the surface of the copper strip billet;

[0072] Step 4: Start the ultrasonic generator and apply ultrasonic waves to the ultrasonic tool head 2;

[0073] Step 5: Start rolling mill 4, bite the copper strip billet into the roll gap for cold rolling, the cold rolling reduction is 20%, and high-performance copper strip is obtained.

[0074] Example 3

[0075] Preparation of large-size, high-performance copper / steel layered composite materials.

[0076] Step 1: Grind and clean the copper and steel surfaces to be laminated, which are 1mm×1000mm×3000mm in size, respectively, to remove the oxide scale and oil stains, and complete the pretreatment of the surfaces to be laminated. Then, laminate the steel on top and the copper on the bottom.

[0077] Step 2: Place the assembled copper / steel laminated slab into the gap between the upper and lower rolls of the rolling mill 4.

[0078] Step 3: Arrange five ultrasonic tool heads 2, each 220mm wide, 20kHz in frequency, and 1500W in power, side by side along the axial direction of the roll, ensuring that the distance between any two adjacent ultrasonic tool heads 2 is 1mm; the angle between the length direction of the ultrasonic tool head 2 and the rolling direction is 140°; activate the ultrasonic travel control mechanism 3, so that the ultrasonic tool heads 2 are pushed by the hydraulic drive device to apply a constant thrust of 0.3MPa to the upper surface of the steel, and are symmetrically distributed with the support roller along the surface of the copper / steel laminated slab to be laminated;

[0079] Step 4: Start the ultrasonic generator and apply ultrasonic waves to the ultrasonic tool head 2;

[0080] Step 5: Start rolling mill 4 and bite the copper / steel laminated slab into the roll gap for cold rolling composite. The cold rolling reduction is 50% to obtain a high-performance copper / steel metal layered composite material.

[0081] Example 4

[0082] Preparation of large-size, high-performance copper / steel / copper layered composite materials.

[0083] Step 1: Grind and clean the copper and steel surfaces to be laminated, which are 1mm×1000mm×3000mm in size, respectively, to remove the oxide scale and oil stains, complete the pretreatment of the surfaces to be laminated, and then perform the stacking assembly.

[0084] Step 2: Place the assembled copper / steel / copper laminated slab into the gap between the upper and lower rolls of the rolling mill 4.

[0085] Step 3: Arrange five ultrasonic tool heads 2, each 220mm wide, with an ultrasonic frequency of 20kHz and an ultrasonic power of 2000W, symmetrically arranged vertically along the surface of the copper / steel / copper laminated slab to be laminated, ensuring that the distance between any two adjacent ultrasonic tool heads 2 is 1mm; the angle between the length direction of the ultrasonic tool head 2 and the rolling direction is 140°; activate the ultrasonic travel control mechanism 3, so that the symmetrically arranged ultrasonic tool heads 2 are pushed by the hydraulic drive device to apply a constant thrust of 0.3MPa to the copper surface on both sides of the front end of the rolling deformation zone;

[0086] Step 4: Start the ultrasonic generator and apply ultrasonic waves to the ultrasonic tool head 2;

[0087] Step 5: Start rolling mill 4 and bite the copper / steel / copper laminated slab into the roll gap for cold rolling composite. The cold rolling reduction is 65% to obtain a high-performance copper / steel / copper metal layered composite material.

[0088] Example 5

[0089] Preparation of large-size, high-performance copper / aluminum layered composite materials.

[0090] Step 1: Grind and clean the copper and aluminum surfaces to be laminated, which are 1mm×1000mm×3000mm in size, respectively, to remove the oxide scale and oil stains on the surfaces to be laminated, and complete the pretreatment of the surfaces to be laminated. Then, laminate the blanks by placing the copper on top and the aluminum on the bottom.

[0091] Step 2: Place the assembled copper / aluminum laminated slab into the gap between the upper and lower rolls of the rolling mill 4.

[0092] Step 3: Arrange five ultrasonic tool heads 2, each 220mm wide, with an ultrasonic frequency of 20kHz and an ultrasonic power of 1300W, symmetrically arranged vertically along the surface of the copper / aluminum laminated slab to be laminated, ensuring that the distance between any two adjacent ultrasonic tool heads 2 is 1mm; the angle between the length direction of the ultrasonic tool head 2 and the rolling direction is 138°; activate the ultrasonic travel control mechanism 3, so that the symmetrically arranged ultrasonic tool heads 2 are pushed by the hydraulic drive device to apply a constant thrust of 0.2MPa to the surface of the copper and aluminum at the front end of the rolling deformation zone;

[0093] Step 4: Start the ultrasonic generator and apply ultrasonic waves to the ultrasonic tool head 2;

[0094] Step 5: Start rolling mill 4 and bite the copper / aluminum laminated slab into the roll gap for cold rolling composite. The cold rolling reduction is 40% to obtain a high-performance copper / aluminum metal layered composite material.

[0095] Example 6

[0096] Preparation of large-size steel strips with wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant surfaces and low residual stress.

[0097] Step 1: Pickling is performed on the steel strip billet with dimensions of 2mm×1000mm×3000mm to complete the pretreatment of the steel strip billet surface;

[0098] Step 2: Place the steel strip billet into the gap between the upper and lower rolls of the rolling mill 4;

[0099] Step 3: At the inlet front end and outlet rear end of the rolling mill 4, five ultrasonic tool heads 2, each 220mm wide and with an ultrasonic frequency of 20kHz, are symmetrically arranged side by side along the upper and lower surfaces of the steel strip billet, ensuring that the distance between two adjacent ultrasonic tool heads 2 is 1mm; the angle between the length direction of the ultrasonic tool head 2 at the roll gap inlet front end and the rolling direction is 150°, and the ultrasonic power is 2000W; the angle between the length direction of the ultrasonic tool head 2 at the roll gap outlet rear end and the rolling direction is 80°, and the ultrasonic power is 10000W; the ultrasonic travel control mechanism 3 at the roll gap inlet front end is activated, so that the symmetrically arranged ultrasonic tool heads 2 are pushed by the hydraulic drive device to apply a constant thrust of 0.5MPa to the upper and lower surfaces of the steel strip billet at the roll gap inlet front end;

[0100] Step 4: Start the ultrasonic generator at the front end of the roll gap inlet to apply ultrasonic waves to the ultrasonic tool head 2;

[0101] Step 5: Start rolling mill 4, bite the steel strip billet into the roll gap for cold rolling, the cold rolling reduction is 20%, and high-performance steel strip is obtained.

[0102] Then, the ultrasonic travel control mechanism 3 and ultrasonic generator at the rear end of the roll gap exit are activated, so that the ultrasonic tool head 2, which is symmetrically arranged above and below, is pushed by the hydraulic drive device to apply a constant thrust of 0.7MPa to the upper and lower surfaces of the steel strip at the rear end of the roll gap exit, respectively, to obtain a large-size steel strip with a tensile strength of 935±12MPa, an elongation of 14%±2%, and a residual stress of 13±9MPa, which is wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant and has low residual stress.

[0103] Example 7

[0104] Preparation of large-size copper / steel layered composite materials with wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant surfaces and low residual stress.

[0105] Step 1: Grind and clean the copper and steel surfaces to be laminated, which are 1mm×1000mm×3000mm in size, respectively, to remove the oxide scale and oil stains, and complete the pretreatment of the surfaces to be laminated. Then, laminate the steel on top and the copper on the bottom.

[0106] Step 2: Place the assembled copper / steel laminated slab into the gap between the upper and lower rolls of the rolling mill 4.

[0107] Step 3: At the front end of the inlet and the rear end of the outlet of the rolling mill 4, five ultrasonic tool heads 2, each 220mm wide and with an ultrasonic frequency of 20kHz, are symmetrically arranged side by side along the surface of the copper / steel laminated slab to be laminated, ensuring that the distance between two adjacent ultrasonic tool heads 2 is 1mm; the angle between the length direction of the ultrasonic tool head 2 at the front end of the roll gap and the rolling direction is 140°, and the ultrasonic power is 1500W; the angle between the length direction of the ultrasonic tool head 2 at the rear end of the roll gap and the rolling direction is 60°, and the ultrasonic power is 8000W; the ultrasonic travel control mechanism 3 at the front end of the roll gap is activated, so that the symmetrically arranged ultrasonic tool heads 2 are pushed by the hydraulic drive device to apply a constant thrust of 0.3MPa to the surface of the copper and steel at the front end of the roll gap.

[0108] Step 4: Start the ultrasonic generator at the front end of the roll gap inlet to apply ultrasonic waves to the ultrasonic tool head 2;

[0109] Step 5: Start rolling mill 4 and bite the copper / steel laminated slab into the roll gap for cold rolling composite. The cold rolling reduction is 50% to obtain a high-performance copper / steel metal layered composite material.

[0110] Then, the ultrasonic travel control mechanism 3 and ultrasonic generator at the rear end of the roll gap exit are activated, so that the ultrasonic tool head 2, which is symmetrically arranged above and below, is pushed by the hydraulic drive device to apply a constant thrust of 0.7MPa to the copper and steel surfaces of the copper / steel metal layered composite material at the rear end of the roll gap exit, respectively. This results in a large-size, high-performance copper / steel layered composite material with an interfacial bonding strength of 230±7MPa, an elongation of 11%±2%, and an intralayer residual stress of 5±10MPa, which is wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant, and has low residual stress.

[0111] Comparative Example 1

[0112] A steel strip was prepared in comparison with Example 6.

[0113] Step 1: Pickling is performed on the steel strip billet with dimensions of 2mm×10mm×3000mm to complete the pretreatment of the steel strip billet surface;

[0114] Step 2: Place the steel strip billet into the gap between the upper and lower rolls of the rolling mill 4;

[0115] Step 3: Arrange two ultrasonic tool heads 2 with a diameter of 30mm, an ultrasonic frequency of 20kHz, and an ultrasonic power of 3000W symmetrically on the left and right sides of the roll, so that the length direction of the ultrasonic tool head 2 is perpendicular to the horizontal direction, and the end face of the ultrasonic tool head is in contact with the upper surface of the roll shaft; start the ultrasonic travel control mechanism 3, so that the ultrasonic tool head 2 is pushed by the hydraulic drive device to apply a constant thrust of 0.5MPa to the upper surface of the roll shaft;

[0116] Step 4: Start the ultrasonic generator and apply ultrasonic waves to the ultrasonic tool head 2;

[0117] Step 5: Start rolling mill 4, bite the steel strip billet into the roll gap for cold rolling, the cold rolling reduction is 20%, and obtain a steel strip with a tensile strength of 842±15MPa, an elongation of 11%±1.5%, and a residual stress of 134±10MPa.

[0118] Ultrasonic energy is indirectly transmitted to the interior of the steel strip blank through rolling mill rolls. Since indirect transmission inevitably results in attenuation of ultrasonic energy, small-sized rolling mill rolls must be used to ensure effective transmission, which limits the width of the produced steel strip. Furthermore, the attenuation of ultrasonic energy reduces the amplitude of the vibration on the roll surface, weakening the effect of the ultrasound on reducing residual stress within the steel strip.

[0119] Comparative Example 2

[0120] In comparison with Example 7, a copper / steel layered composite material was prepared.

[0121] Step 1: Grind and clean the copper and steel surfaces to be laminated, which are 0.2mm×20mm×300mm in size, respectively, to remove the oxide scale and oil stains, and complete the pretreatment of the surfaces to be laminated. Then, laminate the steel on top and the copper on the bottom.

[0122] Step 2: Place the assembled copper / steel laminated slab into the gap between the upper and lower rolls of the rolling mill 4.

[0123] Step 3: Arrange two ultrasonic tool heads 2 with a diameter of 30mm, an ultrasonic frequency of 20kHz, and an ultrasonic power of 3000W symmetrically on the left and right sides of the roll, so that the ultrasonic tool heads 2 are in contact with the end face of the roll shaft and are concentric with the roll shaft; start the ultrasonic travel control mechanism 3, so that the ultrasonic tool heads 2 are pushed by the hydraulic drive device to apply a constant thrust of 0.5MPa to the end face of the roll shaft;

[0124] Step 4: Start the ultrasonic generator and apply ultrasonic waves to the ultrasonic tool head 2;

[0125] Step 5: Start rolling mill 4 and bite the copper / steel laminated slab into the roll gap for cold rolling composite. The cold rolling reduction is 20%, and a copper / steel metal layered composite material with an interfacial bonding strength of 140±8MPa, an elongation of 6%±3%, and an intralayer residual stress of 76±10MPa is obtained.

[0126] In summary, the technical solution of this invention uses an ultrasonic travel control mechanism to drive an ultrasonic vibration mechanism to move in a specific direction, so that the ultrasonic vibration mechanism applies an adjustable constant thrust to the metal billet and performs high-frequency vibration. The metal material produced by this invention simultaneously possesses high strength and plasticity, and low residual stress. The device of this invention has a simple structure, is easy to operate and maintain, has a wide range of applications, and can be easily integrated with different types of rolling mills to achieve continuous production. The preparation method of this invention can overcome the size limitations of traditional ultrasonic-assisted rolling, and is particularly suitable for the preparation of layered metal composite materials. It achieves strong metallurgical bonding at the interface without the need for external heating, and prepares high-performance, large-size layered metal composite materials without intermetallic compounds at the interface.

[0127] Because ultrasound is applied to the rolls, the ultrasonic energy attenuates as it is indirectly transmitted to the metal billet through the rolls. Therefore, effective interfacial bonding can only be achieved in materials with a thickness of micrometers. Furthermore, since the ultrasound is applied to the rolls from the side, the amplitude is uneven along the width of the rolls, exhibiting a high amplitude in the middle and low amplitude at the edges. Only a high-amplitude region of approximately 20 mm in the middle can achieve interfacial bonding. Therefore, applying ultrasound to the rolls presents significant dimensional limitations, making it impossible to fabricate millimeter-thick, wide-width layered metal composite materials.

[0128] The embodiments of the present invention have been described above, but the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. For those skilled in the art, any changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations made to the embodiments based on the teachings of the present invention without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An ultrasonic-assisted rolling forming device for metal materials, characterized in that, Includes ultrasonic travel control mechanism, ultrasonic vibration mechanism, rolling mill and ultrasonic support device; The ultrasonic travel control mechanism is fixedly installed at the front end of the inlet or at the front end of the inlet and the rear end of the outlet of the rolling mill, and controls the ultrasonic vibration mechanism to move in a specific direction. The ultrasonic vibration mechanism is fixedly mounted on the ultrasonic travel control mechanism and is capable of periodic high-frequency vibration. The ultrasonic vibration mechanism is equipped with an ultrasonic generator and an ultrasonic tool head. The ultrasonic tool head can directly apply ultrasonic vibration to the metal billet at the inlet of the rolling mill or to the metal material at the outlet of the rolling mill. The angle between the longitudinal direction of the ultrasonic tool head mounted at the inlet of the rolling mill and the rolling direction of the metal billet is 91-179°, and the angle between the longitudinal direction of the ultrasonic tool head mounted at the outlet of the rolling mill and the rolling direction of the metal billet is 1-89°. By directly applying ultrasonic vibration to the metal billet at a specific angle, additional Stonley waves propagate only near the rolling interface, causing multidimensional high-frequency vibration, instantaneous temperature rise, and rapid diffusion of the metal atoms. This, combined with the effects of rolling and the ultrasonic energy field, allows for multi-dimensional high-frequency vibration, instantaneous temperature rise, and rapid diffusion of the metal atoms without the need for preheating or subsequent heat treatment. It can overcome the dimensional limitations in the thickness direction of metal billets in existing ultrasonic vibration-assisted rolling methods; The rolling mill is equipped with an upper roll and a lower roll. The ultrasonic support device is at least one of a fixed support block or a support roller.

2. The ultrasonic-assisted rolling forming device for metal materials as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The width direction of the ultrasonic tool head is parallel to the axis of the roll.

3. The ultrasonic-assisted rolling forming device for metal materials as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Multiple ultrasonic travel control mechanisms are installed side-by-side laterally using the same ultrasonic wave application method.

4. The ultrasonic-assisted rolling forming device for metal materials as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The ultrasonic travel control mechanism is symmetrically arranged along the upper and lower surfaces of the metal blank or metal material, and the ultrasonic support device is eliminated.

5. The ultrasonic-assisted rolling forming device for metal materials as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The metal billet is a single metal billet or a layered metal composite billet, and the metal material is a single metal material or a layered metal composite material.

6. An ultrasonic-assisted rolling forming method using the ultrasonic-assisted rolling forming apparatus for metallic materials according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The specific steps are as follows: Step 1: Prepare the metal billet; Step 2: Place the metal billet into the gap between the upper and lower rolls of the rolling mill, where it will be bitten into the mill. Step 3: Activate the ultrasonic travel control mechanism to apply a constant thrust to the surface of the metal billet with the ultrasonic tool head; Step 4: Activate the ultrasonic generator to apply ultrasonic waves to the ultrasonic tool head; Step 5: Start the rolling mill, bite the metal billet into the roll gap for rolling, and obtain the high-performance metal material.

7. The ultrasonic-assisted rolling forming method as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The constant thrust is applied by at least one of pneumatic drive, hydraulic drive, electric drive, or elastic medium drive, and the magnitude of the constant thrust is 0.1-0.7 MPa.

8. The ultrasonic-assisted rolling forming method as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The ultrasonic waves have a frequency of 15-40 kHz and a power of 400-10000 W.

9. The ultrasonic-assisted rolling forming method as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The rolling reduction in step five is 20%-70%.

10. A metallic material, characterized in that, The metallic material is prepared by the ultrasonic-assisted rolling forming method according to any one of claims 6 to 9.

Images