An airtight material for ultra-low energy consumption building masonry structures and its preparation method

Abstract

This invention relates to an airtight material for ultra-low energy consumption masonry structures and its preparation method. The airtight material comprises, by weight, 15-25 parts of cenospheres, 10-20 parts of silica, 15-25 parts of hydroxyapatite, 5-15 parts of wollastonite fiber, 12-20 parts of bone glue, 4-8 parts of borax, and 10-16 parts of tertiary carbon redispersible latex powder. The airtight material provided by this invention exhibits superior performance indicators such as water vapor equivalent air layer thickness (Sd), tensile bond strength, water vapor permeability, and water absorption compared to similar plastering mortar products on the market. Furthermore, it is non-toxic, harmless, safe, and environmentally friendly. Compared to existing similar products, it offers advantages such as better workability, crack resistance, and thinner airtight layer thickness.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of airtight materials for masonry structures, and specifically to an airtight material for ultra-low energy consumption building masonry structures and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] In response to climate change and the requirements of sustainable development strategies, how to meet people's growing needs for high-quality built environments with less energy consumption is becoming a global concern, and the development of ultra-low energy buildings is receiving increasing attention. Many countries are actively formulating development goals and technical policies for ultra-low energy buildings, establishing standards and corresponding technical systems suitable for their own national characteristics, and ultra-low energy buildings are becoming a trend in building energy conservation.

[0003] Key technologies for ultra-low energy buildings mainly include five aspects: high-efficiency external insulation systems, high-performance windows, high-efficiency waste heat recovery fresh air systems, high building airtightness, and thermal bridge-free design. Among these, the quality of building airtightness directly affects the success or failure of ultra-low energy building construction and is currently the only indicator for on-site testing of ultra-low energy building projects. Excellent airtightness reduces heating load, improves occupant comfort, prevents indoor condensation and mold, reduces noise and air pollution, reduces heat loss from fugitive ventilation, and ensures the thermal insulation performance of the building envelope. Therefore, the performance of airtight materials is crucial to ensuring the quality of ultra-low energy buildings. Currently, membrane-like airtight materials are generally used to seal through wall openings, socket / junction box pre-reserved holes, connections between different structures, and door / window openings to prevent air and moisture leakage. For exterior walls of aerated concrete and other masonry structures, plaster mortar should be used for airtightness treatment, with a mortar thickness of not less than 15mm, and should be reinforced with wire mesh or fiberglass mesh. Because there are no relevant product standards for plastering mortar used for airtightness, ordinary mortar is often used as a substitute in the market, which makes it difficult to guarantee the airtightness of the building. Secondly, the plastering thickness is too thick, and the plaster layer is prone to cracking, thus failing to meet the airtightness requirements. Thirdly, the thicker plaster layer occupies a certain amount of indoor space, reducing the usable area of ​​the residents' apartment.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide a thin, waterproof and vapor-barrier dry powder material that is easy to apply by scraping. After being mixed with water on site, it can be applied to the inner side of the exterior wall of aerated concrete and other masonry structures by scraping. After the coating dries, it forms a continuous, seamless, and airtight layer with waterproof and vapor-barrier functions. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems, this invention provides an airtight material for ultra-low energy consumption masonry structures and its preparation method. The airtight material provided by this invention exhibits superior performance indicators compared to similar plastering mortar products on the market, including water vapor equivalent air layer thickness (Sd), tensile bond strength, water vapor permeability, and water absorption rate. Furthermore, it is non-toxic, harmless, safe, and environmentally friendly. Compared to existing similar products, it offers advantages such as better ease of construction, crack resistance, and thinner airtight layer.

[0006] An airtight material for building masonry structures, comprising, by weight:

[0007]

[0008] According to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the airtight material for the building masonry structure comprises, by weight:

[0009]

[0010]

[0011] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the airtight material for the building masonry structure comprises, by weight, the following components:

[0012]

[0013] According to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the cenosphere is a hollow fly ash sphere that can float on water, is grayish-white, has thin walls and is hollow, and has a bulk density of 418.8 kg / m³. 3 The particle size is about 0.1 mm, the surface is closed and smooth, and the chemical composition is mainly SiO2 and Al2O3, with the sum of their mass fractions being ≥80%.

[0014] According to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the silica is a white powder of hydrated silica prepared by precipitation method using industrial water glass and sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid as raw materials. In the airtight material for building masonry structures of the present invention, silica can effectively fill the gaps between the microspheres, playing a reinforcing role in the airtight layer material and improving the density and reinforcing effect of the airtight layer material.

[0015] According to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the hydroxyapatite is a naturally mineralized powdered product of calcium apatite, with a melting point of 1650°C, a specific gravity of 3.16 g / cm³, and a Ca / P ratio of 1.67. In the airtight material for building masonry structures of the present invention, hydroxyapatite and bone glue work synergistically to form an interpenetrating network, improving the water resistance and tensile strength of the bone glue.

[0016] According to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the wollastonite fiber is a chain-like metasilicate, formed by pulverizing wollastonite ore into needle-like short fibers through a specific pulverization process. It is white in color, sometimes with a light gray tint, and its fiber structure remains stable at temperatures up to 1540°C. Wollastonite fiber is a chemically resistant natural needle-like fiber reinforcing mineral, possessing non-toxicity, low oil and water absorption, thermal stability, and chemical stability. Its morphology is intermediate between plant fibers and traditional filler calcium carbonate, equivalent to fine plant fibers. In the airtight material for masonry structures of the present invention, wollastonite fiber can improve the crack resistance and tensile strength of the airtight material.

[0017] According to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the bone glue refers to industrial bone glue with a moisture content of less than 16%, an ash content of less than 2.5%, and a water-insoluble content of less than 0.5%. It possesses advantages such as good bonding performance, high strength, low moisture content, fast drying, good bonding and shaping, low price, and ease of use. In the airtight material for masonry structures of the present invention, the synergistic effect of hydroxyapatite and borax can improve the water resistance, corrosion resistance, and tensile bond strength between the bone glue and masonry structural materials such as aerated concrete.

[0018] According to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the borax is a white or colorless crystal composed of a hydrate of sodium tetraborate and sodium metaborate, and has relatively stable chemical properties. It is readily soluble in water, and after dissolution, it is weakly alkaline; its aqueous solution has high viscosity. In the airtight material for masonry structures of the present invention, borax can activate the activity of cenospheres, improving the water resistance and bonding strength of the airtight material.

[0019] According to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the tertiary carbon redispersible latex powder is made by spray drying a terpolymer emulsion of tertiary ethylene carbonate, vinyl acetate and ethylene, and has better water resistance, weather resistance, alkali resistance and flexibility. Among them, tertiary ethylene carbonate is the hydrophobic monomer with the lowest solubility in water, which enhances the hydrophobicity of the polymer and improves the water vapor equivalent air layer thickness (Sd) and water vapor permeability of the airtight material.

[0020] This invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned airtight material for building masonry structures, including...

[0021] 1) Mix the bleaching beads, silica, hydroxyapatite and wollastonite fibers according to the formula;

[0022] 2) Add bone glue and mix well;

[0023] 3) Add borax and tertiary carbon redispersible latex powder and mix well.

[0024] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a stirring and dispersing device is used for mixing.

[0025] According to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, in step 1), the stirring speed is 50-100 r / min, preferably 75 r / min, and the stirring time is 3-7 min, preferably 5 min; in step 2), the stirring speed is 75-125 r / min, preferably 100 r / min, and the stirring time is 5-10 min, preferably 7 min; in step 3), the stirring speed is 100-150 r / min, preferably 125 r / min, and the stirring time is 5-10 min, preferably 7 min; the material is then discharged through a 50-mesh sieve, packaged, and the product is obtained.

[0026] The present invention also includes the application of the above-mentioned airtight materials in building masonry structures.

[0027] The beneficial effects of the airtight material for building masonry structures of the present invention are at least as follows:

[0028] 1. It has good water vapor equivalent air layer thickness (Sd) and water vapor permeability. The bone glue and hydroxyapatite in its components undergo interpenetrating network cross-linking reaction under the activating effect of borax, and have a toughening and hydrophobic synergistic effect with tertiary carbon redispersible latex powder, thereby achieving "cross-linking film formation and synergistic toughening effect" to form an excellent hydrophobic airtight layer. At the same time, it improves the tensile bond strength and waterproofness with masonry structural materials such as aerated concrete.

[0029] 2. The microsphere sliding effect of the cenospheres improves the workability of the airtight material; silica effectively fills the gaps between the cenospheres, improving the density and water vapor permeability of the airtight material; wollastonite fiber improves the crack resistance and tensile flexibility of the airtight material; thus giving the airtight material good workability, water vapor permeability and crack resistance.

[0030] 3. The airtight layer is thin, less than 3mm thick, compared to 15mm for plaster mortar. This significantly reduces the thickness, which firstly lowers the difficulty of construction and the risk of cracking, and improves the quality and efficiency of the airtight layer; secondly, it increases the usable area inside the apartment.

[0031] 4. The airtight material is a pre-mixed dry powder in the factory. When using it, add water and stir evenly before troweling. It is harmless to the environment and human body and is a green and environmentally friendly product. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The following examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Where specific techniques or conditions are not specified in the examples, they should be performed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in this field, or according to the product instructions. Reagents or instruments whose manufacturers are not specified are all conventional products that can be purchased from legitimate channels.

[0033] The following raw materials were used:

[0034] Tertiary carbon redispersible latex powder is produced by spray drying of a terpolymer emulsion of tertiary ethylene carbonate, vinyl acetate, and ethylene. Cenospheres are hollow spheres of fly ash that float on water. Silica is a white powder of hydrated silica prepared by precipitation using industrial water glass and sulfuric or hydrochloric acid as raw materials. Hydroxyapatite is a naturally mineralized powdered product of calcium apatite. Wollastonite fiber is a chain-like metasilicate, formed by pulverizing wollastonite ore into needle-like short fibers using a specific pulverizing process. Bone glue refers to industrial bone glue, a widely used animal-based adhesive. Borax is a white or colorless crystal formed by the combination of sodium tetraborate and sodium metaborate hydrates.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] This embodiment provides an airtight material for building masonry structures, with the following formula by weight:

[0037]

[0038] The method for preparing airtight materials for building masonry structures in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0039] Step 1): Add the cenospheres, silica, hydroxyapatite, and wollastonite fibers to the mixing and dispersing equipment in sequence; the mixing speed is 75 r / min and the mixing time is 5 min.

[0040] Step 2), then add the bone glue and stir; the stirring speed is 100 r / min and the stirring time is 7 min;

[0041] Step 3) Add borax and tert-carbon redispersible latex powder, stir (stirring speed is 125 r / min, stirring time is 7 min), discharge through a 50 mesh sieve, package, and the product is obtained.

[0042] Example 2

[0043] This embodiment provides an airtight material for building masonry structures, with the following formula by weight:

[0044]

[0045] The preparation method of the airtight material for building masonry structures in this embodiment is the same as in Embodiment 1.

[0046] Example 3

[0047] This embodiment provides an airtight material for building masonry structures, with the following formula by weight:

[0048]

[0049] The preparation method of the airtight material for building masonry structures in this embodiment is the same as in Embodiment 1.

[0050] Example 4

[0051] This embodiment provides an airtight material for building masonry structures, with the following formula by weight:

[0052]

[0053]

[0054] The preparation method of the airtight material for building masonry structures in this embodiment is the same as in Embodiment 1.

[0055] Example 5

[0056] This embodiment provides an airtight material for building masonry structures, with the following formula by weight:

[0057]

[0058] The preparation method of the airtight material for building masonry structures in this embodiment is the same as in Embodiment 1.

[0059] Comparative Example 1

[0060] An airtight material for building masonry structures, with the following formula by weight:

[0061]

[0062] Comparative Example 2

[0063] An airtight material for building masonry structures, with the following formula by weight:

[0064]

[0065] Comparative Example 3

[0066] An airtight material for building masonry structures, with the following formula by weight:

[0067]

[0068] Comparative Example 4

[0069] An airtight material for building masonry structures, with the following formula by weight:

[0070]

[0071] Comparative Example 5

[0072] An airtight material for building masonry structures, with the following formula by weight:

[0073]

[0074] Comparative Example 6

[0075] An airtight material for building masonry structures, with the following formula by weight:

[0076]

[0077] Comparative Example 7

[0078] An airtight material for building masonry structures, with the following formula by weight:

[0079]

[0080] Comparative Example 8

[0081] This comparative example uses a commonly used plastering mortar product in current engineering, model MHQ-J01.

[0082] The preparation methods of airtight materials for building masonry structures in Comparative Examples 1-8 are as described in Example 1.

[0083] Experimental Example

[0084] Table 1 shows a comparison of the performance test results of the examples and comparative examples.

[0085] Table 1 Performance of Examples and Comparative Examples

[0086]

[0087]

[0088] The main difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 is that it does not contain hydroxyapatite; its room temperature tensile bond strength and water-resistant tensile bond strength are lower than those of Example 1. The main difference between Comparative Example 2 and Example 1 is that it does not contain bone glue; it can be seen that hydroxyapatite and bone glue have a synergistic effect, forming an interpenetrating network, which improves the water resistance and tensile strength of the bone glue. The main difference between Comparative Example 3 and Example 1 is that Comparative Example 3 does not contain borax; the room temperature tensile bond strength and water-resistant tensile bond strength of the airtight material in Comparative Example 3 are lower than those in Example 1; it can be seen that the synergistic effect of hydroxyapatite and borax can improve the water resistance and tensile bond strength of bone glue; borax can activate the activity of cenospheres and improve the water resistance and bond strength of bone glue. The main difference between Comparative Example 4 and Example 1 is that Comparative Example 4 does not contain tertiary carbon redispersible latex powder. The water vapor equivalent air layer thickness (Sd) of the airtight material in Comparative Example 4 is significantly reduced and the water vapor permeability is greatly increased compared to Example 1; while an airtight material should have a large water vapor equivalent air layer thickness and a small water vapor permeability. It can be seen that tertiary carbon redispersible latex powder increases the water vapor equivalent air layer thickness (Sd) of the airtight material and reduces the water vapor permeability. Comparative Example 5 is relatively... The main difference in Example 1 is that it does not contain wollastonite fibers; the initial drying crack resistance of this airtight material is significantly worse than that of the airtight material in Example 1, with cracks appearing even after a single application at a thickness of 1 mm. The main difference in Comparative Example 6 compared to Example 1 is that it does not contain cenospheres; the airtight material has poor workability, is sticky, difficult to apply, and has reduced water-resistant tensile bond strength. This shows that cenospheres, under alkaline activation such as borax, have good hydraulic cementing properties, which can improve the water resistance of the material of this invention. The main difference in Comparative Example 7 compared to Example 1 is that it does not contain silica; the airtight material becomes permeable after 20 hours in a 1000 mm water column, and its impermeability deteriorates; this shows that silica can effectively fill the gaps between cenospheres, reinforcing the airtight layer material, improving its density, and reinforcing the tertiary carbon redispersible latex film.

[0089] As shown in Table 1, all indicators of Examples 1-5 are better than those of Comparative Examples 1-8.

[0090] Although the present invention has been described in detail above with general descriptions and specific embodiments, modifications or improvements can be made to it, which will be obvious to those skilled in the art. Therefore, all such modifications or improvements made without departing from the spirit of the present invention fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

Claims

1. An airtight material for building masonry structures, characterized in that, By weight, it consists of the following raw materials: 20 portions of drift beads 15 parts of silica 20 parts of hydroxyapatite 10 parts of wollastonite fiber 16 parts bone glue 6 parts of borax 13 parts of tertiary carbon redispersible latex powder; The tertiary carbon redispersible latex powder is made by spray drying a terpolymer emulsion of tertiary carbonyl ethylene, vinyl acetate and ethylene.

2. The airtight material for masonry structures according to claim 1, characterized in that, The float beads are hollow fly ash spheres that can float on water, with a bulk density of 418.8 kg / m³. 3 Particle size 0.1mm.

3. The method for preparing the airtight material for building masonry structures according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, include 1) Mix the celery beads, silica, hydroxyapatite and wollastonite fibers according to the formula; 2) Add bone glue and mix well; 3) Add borax and tertiary carbon redispersible latex powder and mix well.

4. The method for preparing the airtight material for building masonry structures according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step 1), the stirring speed is 50-100 r / min, and the stirring time is 3-7 min; and / or; In step 2), the stirring speed is 75-125 r / min, and the stirring time is 5-10 min; and / or; In step 3), the stirring speed is 100-150 r / min and the stirring time is 5-10 min.

5. The method for preparing the airtight material for building masonry structures according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step 1), the stirring speed is 75 r / min and the stirring time is 5 min; and / or; In step 2), the stirring speed is 100 r / min and the stirring time is 7 min; and / or; In step 3), the stirring speed is 125 r / min and the stirring time is 7 min.

6. The application of the airtight material as described in claim 1 or 2 in building masonry structures.

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