An air conditioning system for a building

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of ventilation and energy recovery of buildings, in particular to an air conditioning system of a building, comprising: each main flue gas pipe, each main air supply pipe and each main sewer pipe; each pipe is respectively provided with an upper end and a lower end, and a pipe flap is connected between the lower end of each main sewer pipe and a sewage pipe network; the upper ends of each pipe are connected through upper end communication pipes or the lower ends of each pipe are connected through lower end communication pipes, and after being connected or communicated, the pipes are connected to a multifunctional heat exchange and purification unit to exhaust flue gas and recover energy, so as to eliminate the phenomena of cross-smoke, reverse smell and energy waste reduction; a normally closed air valve is connected to the upper end of each pipe or the upper end communication pipe, a normally open air valve is connected between the upper end communication pipe and the lower end communication pipe, and a normally closed air valve and an air supply valve are mounted on each main air supply pipe; when the heat exchange and purification unit is stopped, each normally closed air valve is opened, air can still be supplied and exhausted, and each normally open air valve is closed to prevent air and flue gas from being stored between each pipe.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of building air conditioning and energy recovery technology, and specifically relates to building pollution gas emission, fresh air supply and heat recovery, heating, cooling and pipe valve connection control system. Background Technology

[0002] Buildings are places where people live and work, and also breeding grounds for factory-farmed plants and animals. Recent data shows that modern urban dwellers spend an average of 90% of their time living and working indoors, and 65% of their time at home. Indoor air pollution levels in modern cities are several times higher than outdoor levels, making indoor air pollution more harmful than outdoor air pollution. Some medical studies have linked the incidence of asthma, bronchitis, heart disease, and cancer to indoor air quality. Besides smoking, air pollution in the kitchen is a close factor contributing to lung cancer in women. 51% of squamous cell carcinoma and 61% of adenocarcinoma of the lung are attributed to kitchen fumes in the general population.

[0003] Outdoor air quality directly impacts indoor air quality. Key outdoor air pollutants include fine particulate matter (PM2.5), fine particulate matter (PM10), nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and ozone. Although various pollution control technologies have been implemented in recent years, leading to varying degrees of improvement in air quality, many areas still fail to meet "good" or "excellent" standards throughout the year when measured against internationally accepted criteria. To mitigate the impact of outdoor pollutants on indoor environments, some high-end buildings employ air filtration and disinfection devices at building air inlets. However, for the vast majority of existing buildings, outdoor air enters directly through gaps in doors and windows or through dedicated air inlets, posing a health risk to the indoor environment.

[0004] Pollutants originating from indoor environments mainly arise from indoor cooking, bathroom odors, and interior decoration. Their main components include alkanes and alkenes, as well as organic acids, aldehydes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, methane, carbon dioxide, formaldehyde, benzene compounds, and mixed harmful gases emitted from various chemicals.

[0005] Modern residential buildings typically include kitchens and bathrooms. To address the ventilation issues in these spaces, main exhaust ducts or flues and branch exhaust ducts are installed inside or outside the kitchen, with the branch ducts connecting to the main exhaust duct. Currently, people are accustomed to placing exhaust vents or exhaust fans at the top of the building. Main and branch drainage pipes are also installed, connected to the main drainage pipe. Similarly, main and branch exhaust ducts are installed inside or outside the bathroom, connected to the main exhaust duct. Main and branch drainage pipes are also installed, connected to the main drainage pipe. When there is little or no water flow in the main and branch drainage pipes, the pipes are in a gaseous state. The airflow in the exhaust ducts and the airflow in the drainage pipes can interact with each other through poorly sealed check valves or floor drains, affecting indoor air quality.

[0006] Common technical methods for solving indoor harmful gas problems include: First, installing main exhaust and smoke ducts outdoors or indoors, utilizing the chimney effect to exhaust smoke and gas at the top of the building. Second, installing range hoods in the kitchen and exhaust fans in the bathroom for smoke and gas exhaust. Third, installing exhaust fans or exhaust purifiers at the top of the main exhaust duct. However, due to factors such as the temperature and pressure differences between indoors and outdoors and between the inside and outside of the duct, wind direction and speed on the roof, the size and resistance coefficient of the exhaust pipe, the different operating rates of range hoods and exhaust fans, and the position of the pressure neutral surface, known exhaust systems to date generally experience problems such as cross-contamination of odors and smoke between households, backflow, sewer backflow, and accumulation of indoor cooking fumes and odors under certain operating conditions. For example, Chinese Patent Application No. 202111665015.6, "An Exhaust System and Control Method for a Multi-Story Residential Building," illustrates this issue. However, for mid-rise or super high-rise residential buildings, installing exhaust devices only on the main exhaust pipe outlet at the rooftop leaves the exhaust pipes on the lower floors with relatively high pressure, low airflow velocity, and small exhaust volume. This results in significant pressure unevenness between the upper and lower floors, frequently leading to backdraft and odor mixing, especially when the drainage sealing device is not tight, causing foul odors from the drainage pipes to be drawn into the rooms. For example, Chinese patent application number 201921520267.8, "A Smoke Exhaust Duct Fresh Air System," connects a duct system to the bottom of the public smoke duct. The bottom of this duct system is connected to a ductwork unit containing a blower / purifier. This blower / purifier directs airflow into the public smoke duct rather than exhausting it outwards. While this technical solution provides some jet-like airflow guidance for the airflow in the lower-floor kitchens or bathrooms, it increases static pressure in the main ducts of the upper floors, hindering smoke and odor exhaust in those areas. Meanwhile, the above methods still cannot solve the problem of foul odors being drawn into the room when the main exhaust duct has a large air volume and the drain sealing devices in the kitchen and toilet are not properly sealed.

[0007] The presence of polluted and virus-laden gases indoors, or their cross-contamination between floors, seriously impacts people's health and quality of life. Many diseases are transmitted through exhaust ducts and sewer systems.

[0008] In addition, indoor temperature, humidity, noise and other indicators are also important factors affecting people's quality of life and work.

[0009] In studying the exhaust problems of kitchens and bathrooms, we found that: (1) People pay more attention to the structural problems of the main exhaust duct and the exhaust gas problems of a single household, and pay very little attention to the mutual influence between the exhaust duct and the sewer and the system exhaust problems of the whole building. Practice and theoretical analysis have proven that only solving the problems of cross-contamination of odors, cross-contamination of smoke and backflow in the exhaust duct still has the problem of backflow of odors from the sewer into the room; only solving the exhaust gas problem of one household cannot solve the exhaust problems of all households in the whole building. (2) People pay more attention to the chimney effect when the exhaust gas pipe has a high temperature difference and only install exhaust devices at the upper end of the main exhaust gas pipe, and pay less attention to the chimney effect when the temperature difference is low and the exhaust problems at the lower end of the main exhaust pipe, the lower end of the main sewer pipe or the upper end; very few studies have been conducted on the effect of sealing the upper end of the exhaust gas pipe and installing exhaust devices or exhaust purification devices at the lower end of the main exhaust gas pipe. In reality, since most modern residences use gas or electric heating, the temperature of the pot bottom can reach 300℃~400℃. During the exhaust process, due to the mixing of a large amount of cooler indoor air, the temperature of the air entering the exhaust duct is not high. Generally, the temperature inside the flue is about 3~10℃ higher than the kitchen space. Therefore, the chimney effect is not significant when exhausting smoke from the upper part of the building. The temperature difference inside the chimney is generally no more than 10℃, resulting in a minimal chimney effect. Furthermore, during certain seasons, the temperature inside the chimney is lower than the outdoor temperature (such as in summer when it is hot outside and air conditioning is used). Its chimney effect is completely different from the 200℃ to 1200℃ temperature difference between the inside and outside of a boiler chimney.

[0010] In summary, the temperature in the exhaust duct is sometimes higher than the outdoor ambient temperature (such as in winter) and sometimes lower than the outdoor temperature (such as in summer when the outside is hot and each household has air conditioning). The higher the air temperature, the more the gas expands, the lower the density, and the lower the static pressure. When the flue gas temperature in the main exhaust duct is lower than the indoor temperature, that is, the air density in the main exhaust pipe is higher and the static pressure is higher. Existing residential buildings generally have the phenomena of cross-contamination of smoke, cross-contamination of odor, backflow of odor, and backflow of smoke, which are mainly manifested in the following working conditions: (1) When the indoor temperature of a household is high, the density is low, and the static pressure is low, cross-contamination of odor and cross-contamination of smoke often occurs between the household and the household with air conditioning or between the main exhaust duct and the household. (2) When the wind direction at the exhaust port at the upper end of the main exhaust duct blows tangentially into the exhaust port, backflow of smoke or backflow of odor will occur. (3) When the indoor air pressure is lower than the air pressure in the duct, the polluted gas in the flue and sewer will flow back into the room, resulting in backflow of smoke and backflow of odor. (4) When the exhaust fans in the kitchen and bathroom are turned on, negative pressure will appear in the kitchen and bathroom. If the one-way valve of the sewer is not sealed tightly, the dirty gas in the sewer will enter the room. (5) When the range hoods on each floor are turned on at a high rate, the lower floors will experience poor exhaust or cross-contamination of smoke. (6) When there is a cross-ventilation in the room, the indoor air pressure will be lower than the pressure in the exhaust pipe and the sewer, which often results in backflow of odor and cross-contamination of smoke. (7) When the weather is cloudy and rainy, the atmospheric and indoor air pressure will decrease, and backflow of odor from the sewer will often occur. (8) When the neighboring household A has installed a fresh air system and turned it on, and another household B has installed a fresh air system but does not turn it on or has not installed a fresh air system, the dirty gas in household A will enter household B through the gaps in the doors and windows or the air intake and exhaust ducts of household B.

[0011] The air quality in factory-farmed animal and plant environments also affects the normal growth of plants and animals and the emission of gases from room temperature. Due to the respiration, excretion, decay, and decomposition of organic matter by plants and animals, harmful gases are produced that are harmful to both animals, plants, and humans. The air composition in factory-farmed animal and plant environments differs significantly from the atmospheric composition. The composition of harmful gases in animal and plant farms is extremely complex, containing dozens of substances, primarily ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and small amounts of methane. Ammonia irritates and damages the mucous membranes and conjunctiva of humans and animals, causing conjunctivitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, pulmonary edema, central nervous system paralysis, liver and heart damage, etc. Hydrogen sulfide mainly comes from the decomposition of sulfur-containing organic matter; sulfides irritate the eyes and respiratory tract mucous membranes of humans and animals, leading to various diseases. High concentrations of other gases and excessive noise levels in the farming area can also cause oxygen deficiency or lead to various diseases. Therefore, adsorption and capture technologies are being used to address these issues. For example, Chinese patent publication number 202310529169.5, "A Carbon Utilization Device for Green Buildings," only addresses the carbon collection and utilization problem in flue gas ducts.

[0012] Regarding energy consumption, for example, China is a major energy consumer with a large population and relatively scarce energy resources. Its per capita energy consumption is only about 40% of the world average, while building energy consumption accounts for about 30% of total social energy consumption. Heating and cooling are the largest energy consumers in buildings, accounting for about 50%, but their energy efficiency is currently only about 30%. High energy consumption and low efficiency not only increase production and living costs but also significantly increase the emission of indoor gases. Therefore, many technical measures have been adopted to address building energy issues and improve energy utilization. First, fully utilize renewable energy sources. Second, use heat and cold recovery devices to recover energy. Third, improve the efficiency of various devices. For example, the Chinese patent, patent number 202221918859.7, "Building Displacement Energy-Saving Ventilation System," can partially solve the problems of fresh air exchange and heat recovery, but it has the following shortcomings: First, it does not consider the mutual influence and utilization between the independent energy-saving ventilation system and the building's original kitchen exhaust system, bathroom exhaust system, and various drainage systems. Secondly, under certain operating conditions, the existing kitchen exhaust system, bathroom exhaust system, and drainage system still experience issues such as cross-contamination of odors and smoke, backflow, reverse odors, and accumulation of indoor cooking fumes. Thirdly, even if the installed exhaust ducts are designed to utilize the existing kitchen exhaust ducts and bathroom exhaust ducts, problems such as smoke accumulation and inability to escape can still occur when exhaust fans and blowers are shut down due to power outages, maintenance, or cleaning. For example, Chinese patent number 202020907780.9, "Fresh Air Retrofit System for Building Flue Ducts," can partially solve the problems of fresh air exchange and heat recovery, but it has the following shortcomings: First, it does not consider the mutual influence and utilization between the fresh air retrofit system and the building's existing bathroom exhaust system and drainage system. Second, under certain operating conditions, the existing bathroom exhaust system and drainage system still experience issues such as cross-contamination of odors and smoke, backflow, reverse odors, and accumulation of indoor cooking fumes. Third, when the fan is shut down due to power outages, maintenance, or cleaning, there is a problem of flue gas accumulation and inability to be discharged. Fourth, there are no clear requirements for the installation and connection of fresh air ducts. Summary of the Invention

[0013] The purpose of this invention is to provide an air conditioning system for buildings that can both exchange fresh air and recover some of the indoor heat or cold energy; effectively prevent cross-contamination of odors, smoke, backflow, and the accumulation of indoor cooking fumes; and prevent the accumulation of large amounts of smoke when the heat exchange purification device or exhaust device is shut down due to power outages or maintenance / cleaning; it can both filter and purify indoor and outdoor air and provide heat or cold energy to the indoor environment. This contributes to the construction of healthy, livable, and green buildings.

[0014] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0015] An air conditioning system for a building includes: a main building body; main exhaust pipes, main supply air pipes, and main drain pipes respectively installed indoors or outdoors on each floor of the main building body; a building has N main exhaust pipes, M main supply air pipes, and L main drain pipes; each main exhaust pipe is connected to the indoor floor via branch exhaust pipes; each main supply air pipe is connected to the indoor floor via branch supply air pipes; and each main drain pipe is connected to the indoor floor via branch drain pipes. Each main exhaust pipe, each main supply air pipe, and each main drain pipe has an upper end and a lower end. The upper part is equipped with an upper heat exchange and purification unit, which includes at least a fresh air inlet, a supply air inlet, a return air inlet, an exhaust air inlet, an air inlet duct, an exhaust air duct, a heat exchanger or total heat exchange core, a filter purifier, or a combination of the filter purifier with one or more functional components such as an air intake fan, an exhaust fan, a carbon absorber, a sterilizer, a silencer, an air-water separator, and a humidity regulator. The fresh air inlet and exhaust air inlet of the upper heat exchange and purification unit are connected to the atmosphere, or the fresh air inlet and exhaust air inlet are connected when the exhaust air quality index of the exhaust air inlet meets or exceeds the national indoor air quality standard. The main exhaust duct includes: a main exhaust duct for the kitchen, a main exhaust duct for the bathroom, and a main exhaust duct specially installed in other parts of the building, either inside or outside. One or more combinations of filters purifiers, sterilizers, silencers, air-water separators, and humidity regulators can also be installed on the air inlet duct, and one or more combinations of filters purifiers, carbon absorbers, sterilizers, and silencers can be installed on the exhaust duct.

[0016] A first upper exhaust connecting pipe is connected between or partially between the upper ends of each main exhaust flue pipe. A second upper exhaust connecting pipe is connected between the upper end of each main exhaust flue pipe or the first upper exhaust connecting pipe and the return air inlet of the upper heat exchange and purification unit. At least one normally closed damper is connected to the upper end of each main exhaust flue pipe, the first upper exhaust connecting pipe, and the second upper exhaust connecting pipe. The inlet of the normally closed damper is connected to each main exhaust flue pipe, the first upper exhaust connecting pipe, and the second upper exhaust connecting pipe, and the outlet of the normally closed damper is connected to the atmosphere. Alternatively, an equivalent pipeline is connected to the upper end of each main exhaust flue pipe, and at least one normally closed damper is connected to the outer port of each pipeline. Preferably, each main exhaust flue pipe and each connecting pipe is made of insulated pipe.

[0017] A first upper air supply connecting pipe is connected between or partially between the upper ends of each main air supply duct. A second upper air supply connecting pipe is connected between the upper end of each main air supply duct or the first upper air supply connecting pipe and the air outlet of the upper heat exchange and purification unit. At least one normally closed air inlet valve is connected between each main air supply duct and the exterior of the building. Air supply valves are connected between each main air supply duct and the interior of each floor of the building via branch air supply ducts. Each branch air supply duct can connect to bedrooms, halls, kitchens, bathrooms, etc. Preferably, the air outlet of each branch air supply duct is located close to the floor slab below. Preferably, each main air supply duct is insulated.

[0018] A first upper drain connection pipe is connected between or partially between the upper ends of each main drain pipe. A second upper drain connection pipe is installed between the first upper drain connection pipe and the first upper vent connection pipe or the second upper vent connection pipe. At least one normally closed air valve is connected to the upper end of each main drain pipe or to the first upper drain connection pipe or the second upper drain connection pipe. The air inlet of the normally closed air valve is connected to the upper end of each main drain pipe or to the first upper drain connection pipe or the second upper drain connection pipe. Alternatively, a pipeline is connected to the upper end of each main drain pipe, and at least one normally closed air valve is connected to the outer port of the pipeline. The air outlet of each normally closed air valve is connected to the atmosphere.

[0019] The lower ends of each main drain pipe are connected to the inlet of a check valve, water seal valve, or pipe flap valve, either through a lower drain connecting pipe or a connecting pipe. The outlet of the check valve, water seal valve, or pipe flap valve is connected to the sewage pipe network.

[0020] Each normally closed air valve opens when the upper heat exchange and purification unit is shut down. During the shutdown of the upper heat exchange and purification unit, since the atmospheric pressure at the same level on the roof is basically the same, as long as the total pressure at the outlet of each main exhaust pipe and the outlet of each main drain pipe is higher than the atmospheric pressure on the roof, the opened normally closed air valves will exhaust gas outward, which can basically prevent cross-contamination of air and odors between pipes and between pipes and the indoor environment when the unit is shut down.

[0021] The lower ends of the main exhaust pipe and the main gas supply pipe are preferentially sealed.

[0022] When the power of the intake and exhaust fans of the upper heat exchange and purification unit is insufficient, an upper exhaust fan or exhaust purifier can be connected in series on the second upper exhaust connecting pipe, and an upper blower purifier or blower purifier can be installed on the fresh air inlet of the upper heat exchange and purification unit; or multiple heat exchange and purification units can be operated in parallel. When multiple units are connected in parallel, some units can be started and stopped as needed according to the operating conditions, with variable frequency units being preferred.

[0023] This technical solution is applicable to main exhaust ducts of various structures. When each household uses a direct exhaust method, a main exhaust duct can be set up outside the building, and each household's exhaust duct is connected to the main exhaust duct.

[0024] This technical solution is particularly suitable for flue gas exhaust and heat recovery in mid- to low-rise buildings.

[0025] In this application, the heat exchange purification unit can be an integrated unit composed of various functional devices, or it can be a unit composed of various discrete functional modules connected together.

[0026] In this application document, the upper and lower ends of the main exhaust pipe, main air supply pipe, and main drain pipe include the sides and cross-sectional ports of the upper and lower ends of the pipes.

[0027] In this application document, the "main exhaust pipe" includes "main exhaust pipe and main exhaust pipe". "Main exhaust pipe" refers to the main exhaust pipe corresponding to the kitchen, etc., and "main exhaust pipe" refers to the main exhaust pipe corresponding to the bathroom, etc.

[0028] In this application document, the N main exhaust pipes, M main air supply pipes, and L main drain pipes refer to the main exhaust pipes, main air supply pipes, and drain pipes corresponding to multiple kitchens, multiple bathrooms, and separate laundry rooms in each household of the building.

[0029] In this application, the normally closed damper refers to a damper that is normally closed when the heat exchange purification unit is running and is in a closed-open state when the unit is stopped; the normally open damper is a damper that is normally open when the heat exchange purification unit is running and is normally closed when the unit is stopped. This includes dampers that are manually, electrically, pneumatically, or hydraulically driven, as well as dampers with adjustable valve openings. When using non-manual normally closed or normally open dampers, the normally closed damper can be automatically opened to exhaust air when the heat exchange purification unit stops by linking it with the power source of the heat exchange purification unit through a controller; the normally open damper can have its valve opening adjusted when the heat exchange purification unit is running and automatically closes when the unit stops to prevent cross-contamination between pipes.

[0030] In this application, the term "building" includes buildings with kitchens or bathrooms, or both, used for daily living or working, as well as buildings for the artificial cultivation and breeding of plants and animals. Examples include: residences, villas, dormitories, apartments, hotels, inns, sanatoriums, plant and animal breeding greenhouses, plant and animal breeding buildings, factories, and other similar buildings.

[0031] One possible technical solution for the air conditioning system of the aforementioned building is as follows: Exhaust caps are connected to normally closed air valves at the upper ends of each main exhaust pipe and each main drain pipe, with the outlet of the normally closed air valve connected to the inlet of the exhaust cap. When the heat exchange and purification unit stops, the exhaust caps release exhaust gas, which can more effectively prevent the accumulation of flue gas and the cross-contamination of air and odors between pipes and between pipes and the room. The exhaust caps can be naturally powered exhaust caps, hybrid exhaust caps combining natural and electric power, or pure electric small exhaust fans with protective caps, etc.

[0032] For any of the above-mentioned building air conditioning systems, the available technical solution is: normally open air valves are connected in series on the first upper exhaust connecting pipe, the second upper exhaust connecting pipe, the first upper drain connecting pipe, and the second upper drain connecting pipe. The normally open air valves are closed when the upper heat exchange and purification unit is stopped, which can further prevent air leakage between the pipes.

[0033] For any of the above-mentioned building air conditioning systems, the available technical solutions are: an upper heat exchanger is installed on the second upper air supply connecting pipe or on the first upper air supply connecting pipe, the energy input side of the upper heat exchanger is connected to a heat source or a cold source, and the energy output side of the upper heat exchanger is connected to the second upper air supply connecting pipe or to the first upper air supply connecting pipe.

[0034] In this application, the heat exchanger, also known as a heat exchanger, includes: electric heating heat exchangers, water or gas heating heat exchangers, thermal storage heat exchangers, evaporators (or condensers) of heat pump units, etc. The function of a heat exchanger is to provide heat or cooling to a building and to regulate temperature when indoor heat or cooling is insufficient. Solar heating heat exchangers are preferred.

[0035] For any of the above-mentioned building air conditioning systems, the available technical solutions are: an upper exhaust fan or exhaust purifier is connected in series on the second upper exhaust connecting pipe, or an upper exhaust fan or exhaust purifier is installed on the exhaust port of the upper heat exchange purification unit. When the exhaust fan power of the upper heat exchange purification unit is insufficient, the exhaust fan or exhaust purifier can effectively increase the exhaust volume.

[0036] For any of the aforementioned building air conditioning systems, a suitable technical solution is to install an upper blower purifier or blower purifier on the fresh air inlet of the upper heat exchange purifier unit, or to install an upper blower purifier or blower purifier on the air outlet of the upper heat exchange purifier unit. When the power of the upper heat exchange purifier unit's intake fan is insufficient, the blower purifier or blower purifier can effectively increase the intake air volume.

[0037] For any of the aforementioned building air conditioning systems, the available technical solutions are: an upper exhaust fan or exhaust purifier connected in series to the second upper exhaust connecting pipe; or an upper exhaust fan or exhaust purifier installed at the exhaust port of the upper heat exchange purifier unit; an upper blower purifier or blower purifier installed at the fresh air inlet of the upper heat exchange purifier unit; or an upper blower purifier or blower purifier installed at the air supply outlet of the upper heat exchange purifier unit. When the power of the intake fan and exhaust fan of the upper heat exchange purifier unit is insufficient, the exhaust fan or exhaust purifier, blower purifier or blower purifier can effectively increase the exhaust volume and intake volume.

[0038] For any of the above-mentioned building air conditioning systems, the available technical solutions are as follows: a central heat exchange and purification unit is installed in the middle of the building height or near the refuge floor; a first central exhaust connecting pipe is connected between or partially between the middle sections of each main exhaust flue pipe; a second central exhaust connecting pipe is connected between the middle section of each main exhaust flue pipe or the first central exhaust connecting pipe and the return air inlet of the central heat exchange and purification unit; at least one normally closed air valve is connected to each central main exhaust flue pipe, the first central exhaust connecting pipe, and the second central exhaust connecting pipe; the air inlet of the normally closed air valve is connected to the middle section of each main exhaust flue pipe, the first central exhaust connecting pipe, and the second central exhaust connecting pipe; and each normally closed air valve opens to exhaust air when the central heat exchange and purification unit is shut down.

[0039] Normally open dampers are connected in series on the first and second central exhaust connecting pipes between the middle sections of each main exhaust duct. These normally open dampers close when the central heat exchange and purification unit stops. A first central air supply connecting pipe is connected between or partially between the middle sections of each main air supply duct. A second central air supply connecting pipe is connected between the middle section of each main air supply duct or the first central air supply connecting pipe and the air supply outlet of the central heat exchange and purification unit. This technical solution is particularly suitable for exhaust gas and heat recovery in high-rise or extra-high-rise buildings.

[0040] For any of the above-mentioned building air conditioning systems, the available technical solution is: an exhaust cap is attached to each normally closed air valve, and the air outlet of the normally closed air valve is connected to the air inlet of the exhaust cap.

[0041] For any of the above-mentioned building air conditioning systems, a possible technical solution is to install a lower heat exchange and purification unit at the bottom of the building or on the ground.

[0042] A first lower exhaust connecting pipe is connected between or between the lower ends of each main exhaust flue pipe, and a second lower exhaust connecting pipe is connected between the lower end of each main exhaust flue pipe or the first lower exhaust connecting pipe and the return air port of the lower heat exchange and purification unit.

[0043] A first lower air supply connecting pipe is connected between or between the lower ends of each main air supply pipe and a portion thereof, and a second lower air supply connecting pipe is connected between the lower end of each main air supply pipe or the first lower air supply connecting pipe and the air outlet of the lower heat exchange and purification unit.

[0044] Normally open air valves are connected in series on the first lower exhaust connecting pipe and the second lower exhaust connecting pipe between the lower ends of each main exhaust pipe. The normally open air valves close when the lower heat exchange and purification unit stops.

[0045] For any of the above-mentioned building air conditioning systems, the available technical solutions are: a lower heat exchanger is installed on the second lower air supply connecting pipe or on the first lower air supply connecting pipe, the energy input side of the lower heat exchanger is connected to a heat source or a cold source, and the energy output side of the lower heat exchanger is connected to the second lower air supply connecting pipe or to the first lower air supply connecting pipe.

[0046] An air conditioning system for a building includes: a main building body; main exhaust pipes, main supply air pipes, and main drain pipes respectively installed indoors or outdoors on each floor of the building; a building has N main exhaust pipes, M main supply air pipes, and L main drain pipes; each main exhaust pipe is connected to the indoor floor via branch exhaust pipes; each main supply air pipe is connected to the indoor floor via branch supply air pipes; and each main drain pipe is connected to the indoor floor via branch drain pipes. Each main exhaust pipe, each main supply air pipe, and each main drain pipe has an upper end and a lower end; a lower end heat exchange and purification system is installed at the lower part of the building or on the ground. The unit, the heat exchange and purification unit, is equipped with at least a fresh air inlet, a supply air inlet, a return air inlet, an exhaust air inlet, an air inlet duct, an exhaust air duct, a heat exchanger or total heat exchange core, a filter purifier, or a combination of the filter purifier, the exhaust fan, the carbon absorber, the sterilizer, the silencer, the air-water separator, and the humidity regulator, or one or more functional components thereof. One or more combinations of the filter purifier, the sterilizer, the silencer, the air-water separator, and the humidity regulator are installed on the air inlet duct, and one or more combinations of the filter purifier, the carbon absorber, the sterilizer, and the silencer are installed on the exhaust air duct. When the exhaust air quality index of the exhaust vent meets or exceeds the national indoor air quality standard, the fresh air inlet and the exhaust vent are connected. The main exhaust duct includes a main exhaust duct for the kitchen, a main exhaust duct for the bathroom, and a main exhaust duct specifically installed inside or outside the building.

[0047] A first lower exhaust connecting pipe is connected between or between the lower ends of each main exhaust flue pipe, and a second lower exhaust connecting pipe is connected between the lower end of each main exhaust flue pipe or the first lower exhaust connecting pipe and the return air port of the lower heat exchange and purification unit.

[0048] Each main exhaust pipe is equipped with a normally closed damper at its upper end, and an exhaust cap is attached to the normally closed damper. The inlet of the normally closed damper is connected to the main exhaust pipe, and the outlet is connected to the inlet of the exhaust cap. Alternatively, each main exhaust pipe can be connected to a pipeline at its upper end, with at least one normally closed damper attached to the outer end of the pipeline, and an exhaust cap attached to each normally closed damper.

[0049] A first lower air supply connecting pipe is connected between or partially between the lower ends of each main air supply duct. A second lower air supply connecting pipe is connected between the lower end of each main air supply duct or the first lower air supply connecting pipe and the air outlet of the lower heat exchange and purification unit. At least one normally closed air inlet valve is connected between each main air supply duct and the exterior of the building. Air supply valves are connected between each main air supply duct and the interior of each floor of the building via branch air supply ducts. The upper end of each main air supply duct is closed. Each branch air supply duct can connect to bedrooms, halls, kitchens, bathrooms, etc. Preferably, the air outlet of each branch air supply duct is located close to the floor slab below. Preferably, each main exhaust duct, each air supply duct, and each connecting pipe is made of insulated pipe.

[0050] Each normally closed damper opens when the lower heat exchange and purification unit is shut down. During the shutdown of the upper heat exchange and purification unit, since the atmospheric pressure at the same level on the roof is essentially the same, as long as the total pressure at the outlets of the main exhaust pipes and main drain pipes is higher than the atmospheric pressure on the roof, the open dampers will release exhaust gas, effectively preventing cross-contamination of air and odors between pipes or between pipes and the interior during shutdown. Installing the heat exchange and purification unit at the lower part of the building or on the ground facilitates equipment installation, maintenance, and reduces the impact of vibration and noise on the building and interior. This technical solution is particularly suitable for exhaust gas and heat recovery in mid- to low-rise buildings.

[0051] The above-mentioned air conditioning system for a building can be configured as follows: each main drain pipe is connected to a normally closed air valve at its upper end, and an exhaust cap is connected to each normally closed air valve. The air inlet of the normally closed air valve is connected to the upper end of each main drain pipe, and the air outlet of the normally closed air valve is connected to the air inlet of the exhaust cap. The lower end of each main drain pipe is connected to the inlet of a check valve, a water seal valve, or a pipe flap valve, either directly or via a lower drain connecting pipe. The outlet of the check valve, water seal valve, or pipe flap valve is connected to the sewage pipe network.

[0052] For any of the above-mentioned building air conditioning systems, the available technical solution is: normally open air valves are connected in series on the first lower exhaust connecting pipe and the second lower exhaust connecting pipe between the lower ends of each main exhaust flue. The normally open air valves are closed when the lower heat exchange and purification unit is stopped to prevent cross-contamination between the pipes.

[0053] For any of the aforementioned building air conditioning systems, a possible technical solution is as follows: a lower heat exchanger is installed on either the second or first lower air supply duct. The input side of the lower heat exchanger is connected to a heat source or a cold source, and the output side of the lower heat exchanger is connected to either the second or first lower air supply duct. An energy storage device can also be connected to the output side of the lower heat exchanger.

[0054] For any of the aforementioned building air conditioning systems, a possible technical solution is as follows: a central heat exchange and purification unit is installed at the midpoint of the building's height or near the refuge floor. A first central exhaust connecting pipe is connected between or partially between the midpoints of the main exhaust ducts. A second central exhaust connecting pipe is connected between the midpoint of each main exhaust duct or the first central exhaust connecting pipe and the return air inlet of the central heat exchange and purification unit. At least one normally closed damper is connected to each central main exhaust duct, the first central exhaust connecting pipe, and the second central exhaust connecting pipe. The inlet of each normally closed damper is connected to each central main exhaust duct, the first central exhaust connecting pipe, and the second central exhaust connecting pipe. Each normally closed damper opens when the central heat exchange and purification unit is shut down. An exhaust cap can also be connected to the outlet of each normally closed damper. This technical solution is particularly suitable for exhaust gas and heat recovery in high-rise or extra-high-rise buildings.

[0055] A first central air supply connecting pipe is connected between or between the middle sections of each main air supply pipe, and a second central air supply connecting pipe is connected between the middle section of each main air supply pipe or the first central air supply connecting pipe and the air outlet of the central heat exchange and purification unit.

[0056] Normally open air valves are connected in series on the first and second central exhaust connecting pipes between the middle sections of the main exhaust pipes. The normally open air valves close when the central heat exchange and purification unit is shut down.

[0057] This technical solution can further reduce the static pressure in the middle section of the main exhaust pipe and increase the exhaust speed of residents in the middle section, making it particularly suitable for high-rise or ultra-high-rise residential buildings. For ultra-high-rise buildings, multiple units can be connected at intervals within the height range of the main exhaust pipe.

[0058] For any of the above-mentioned building air conditioning systems, the available technical solutions are as follows: a lower port of a gas-water connecting pipe is connected upwards on the pipeline between the lower end of the main drain pipe and the check valve, water seal valve, or flap valve; an exhaust valve or automatic water-blocking exhaust valve is installed on the upper port of the gas-water connecting pipe; the exhaust valve or automatic water-blocking exhaust valve is provided with an air inlet and an exhaust outlet; the air inlet is connected to the upper port of the gas-water connecting pipe; and the exhaust outlet is connected to the lower end of the main exhaust pipe, the first lower end exhaust connecting pipe, or the second lower end exhaust connecting pipe through a gas connecting pipe.

[0059] For any of the above-mentioned building air conditioning systems, the available technical solutions are:

[0060] A lower exhaust fan or exhaust purifier is connected in series on the second lower exhaust connecting pipe, or a lower exhaust fan or exhaust purifier is installed on the exhaust port of the lower heat exchange purification unit. When the exhaust fan power of the lower heat exchange purification unit is insufficient, the exhaust fan or exhaust purifier can effectively increase the exhaust volume.

[0061] For any of the aforementioned building air conditioning systems, a suitable technical solution is to install a lower-level blower purifier or blower purifier on the fresh air inlet of the lower-level heat exchanger and purifier unit, or to install a lower-level blower purifier or blower purifier on the air outlet of the lower-level heat exchanger and purifier unit. When the power of the lower-level heat exchanger and purifier unit's intake fan is insufficient, the blower purifier or blower purifier can effectively increase the intake air volume.

[0062] For any of the above-mentioned building air conditioning systems, the available technical solutions are:

[0063] A lower exhaust fan or exhaust purifier is connected in series to the second lower exhaust connecting pipe, or a lower exhaust fan or exhaust purifier is installed on the exhaust port of the lower heat exchange purifier unit. A lower blower purifier or blower purifier is installed on the fresh air inlet of the lower heat exchange purifier unit, or a lower blower purifier or blower purifier is installed on the air supply port of the lower heat exchange purifier unit. When the power of the air inlet fan and exhaust fan of the lower heat exchange purifier unit is insufficient, the exhaust fan or exhaust purifier, blower purifier or blower purifier can effectively increase the exhaust volume and air inlet volume.

[0064] For any of the above-mentioned building air conditioning systems, the available technical solutions are: an evaporator or condenser of a heat pump unit is installed on the exhaust vent of the lower heat exchange and purification unit, or an evaporator or condenser of a heat pump unit is connected in series on the second lower exhaust connecting pipe, or the evaporator or condenser is placed outside the building; the condenser or evaporator of the heat pump unit is installed on the air supply vent of the lower heat exchange and purification unit, or connected in series on the second lower air supply connecting pipe.

[0065] The evaporator functions as an evaporator during heating and a condenser during cooling; conversely, the condenser functions as a condenser during heating and an evaporator during cooling. The evaporator or condenser can be a single, independent unit or a separate unit, with the separate units installed on the ductwork of the heat exchange and purification unit's fresh air inlet, supply air inlet, return air inlet, and exhaust air inlet, respectively.

[0066] During winter heating, outdoor fresh air enters the fresh air duct through the fresh air inlet via a blower purifier. It is heated by the condenser of the heat pump unit to a temperature that will not cause frost or condensation in the heat exchange purifier unit, and then enters the heat exchange purifier unit. Indoor stale air enters the exhaust duct through the return air inlet of the heat exchange purifier via an exhaust fan. After passing through the heat exchange purifier unit, it enters the evaporator of the heat pump unit, is cooled, and is then directly discharged outdoors.

[0067] During summer cooling, the heat pump unit switches via a four-way valve, and its cooling operation is the reverse of its heating operation.

[0068] When the evaporator or condenser is placed outside the building, it absorbs low-grade outdoor energy.

[0069] For any of the aforementioned building air conditioning systems, a possible technical solution is to install an evaporator of a heat pump unit on the exhaust vent of the lower heat exchange and purification unit, or to connect an evaporator of a heat pump unit in series on the second lower exhaust connecting pipe, and connect the heat transfer fluid inlet and outlet of the heat pump unit's condenser in series to the building's incoming water pipe. This allows for the supply of hot water to the room. Alternatively, a heater, heat exchanger, or heat storage unit can be connected in series on the water pipe at the condenser's heat transfer fluid outlet to regulate the water temperature.

[0070] For any of the aforementioned building air conditioning systems, a suitable technical solution is as follows: a normally open damper is connected in series on the fresh air inlet duct of the lower heat exchanger / purifier unit, and a normally closed damper is connected in parallel between the inlet and outlet of the normally open damper; a normally open damper is connected in series on the return air inlet duct of the lower heat exchanger / purifier unit, and a normally closed damper is connected in parallel between the inlet and outlet of the normally open damper. When the system does not require heat recovery and purification, the lower heat exchanger / purifier unit stops, the normally open damper closes, and the normally closed damper opens to reduce the losses of the heat exchanger / purifier unit. This technical solution is suitable for heat exchanger / purifier units with exhaust fans or exhaust purifiers and blower purifiers or blower purifiers installed in various configurations at the top, middle, and bottom of buildings.

[0071] For any of the above-mentioned building air conditioning systems, the available technical solutions are as follows: a heat pipe is installed between the second lower exhaust connecting pipe and the second lower air supply connecting pipe, with the evaporation section of the heat pipe installed inside the second lower exhaust connecting pipe and the condensation section of the heat pipe installed inside the second lower air supply connecting pipe; bidirectional heat transfer heat pipes or split heat pipes are preferred, and the heat pipes can enhance the recovery of heat or cold energy.

[0072] For any of the above-mentioned building air conditioning systems, the available technical solutions are as follows: an upper heat exchange and purification unit is installed at the upper end of the building; a first upper exhaust connecting pipe is connected between or partially between the upper side walls of the main exhaust pipes; a second upper exhaust connecting pipe is connected between the upper side wall of the main exhaust pipes or the side wall of the first upper exhaust connecting pipe and the return air inlet of the upper heat exchange and purification unit; normally open air valves are connected in series on the first upper exhaust connecting pipe and the second upper exhaust connecting pipe; the normally open air valves are closed when the upper heat exchange and purification unit is stopped.

[0073] A first upper air supply connecting pipe is connected between or between the upper side walls of each main air supply pipe and a portion thereof. A second upper air supply connecting pipe is connected between the upper side walls of each main air supply pipe or the first upper air supply connecting pipe and the air outlet of the upper heat exchange and purification unit.

[0074] A first upper drain connection pipe is connected between the side walls of the upper ports of each main drain pipe or between the side walls of some of the upper ports of the main drain pipes. A second upper drain connection pipe is provided between the first upper drain connection pipe and the first upper exhaust connection pipe or the second upper exhaust connection pipe. A normally open air valve is connected in series on the first upper drain connection pipe and the second upper drain connection pipe. The normally open air valve closes when the upper heat exchange and purification unit is stopped.

[0075] For any of the above-mentioned building air conditioning systems, a suitable technical solution is that the heat exchange and purification units consist of multiple units operating in parallel. Some of the parallel units can be started or stopped as needed based on operating conditions, with variable frequency units being preferred.

[0076] Beneficial effects: The above technical solutions, (1) When the heat exchange purification unit is running normally, it can eliminate the phenomena of cross-contamination of odors, smoke, backflow, reverse odors and indoor oil fume accumulation between pipes and between pipes and the room. When the heat exchange purification unit is shut down due to power outage or maintenance and cleaning, it can prevent serious cross-contamination of air between pipes and between pipes and the room and the accumulation of polluted air; reduce the risk of virus transmission and infection, and realize fresh air exchange. (2) The heat exchange purification unit has cold and heat recovery functions, which can improve energy utilization and reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. (3) The heat exchange purification unit has functions such as filtering and absorbing air particulate matter and greenhouse gases, which can purify indoor and outdoor air. (4) The air conditioning system of the building has heat energy and cold energy transmission functions and humidity regulation functions, which can supply or regulate indoor temperature and humidity. (5) The air conditioning system of the building is suitable for both new buildings and renovations of various existing buildings. Attached Figure Description

[0077] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the principle of an air conditioning system for a building, in which the heat exchange and purification unit of the present invention is located at the top of the building.

[0078] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the principle of an air conditioning system for a building, in which the heat exchange and purification unit of the present invention is located at the lower end of the building.

[0079] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the principle of an air conditioning system for a building, in which the heat exchange and purification units of the present invention are located at the upper and lower ends of the building.

[0080] Figure 4 This is a comparison chart of actual test curves of the pressure difference between each floor inside a building and the main exhaust duct when using the technology of this invention and when using existing technology.

[0081] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the principle of an air conditioning system for a building coupled with a heat pump unit according to the present invention.

[0082] Figure label:

[0083] The above Figure 1In the middle: 10-Building main structure, 1-Kitchen, 2-Bathroom, 20-Kitchen main exhaust pipe, 20a-Bathroom exhaust pipe, 30-Main supply air pipe, 40-Kitchen main drain pipe, 40a-Bathroom main drain pipe, 21-Kitchen branch exhaust pipe, 21a-Bathroom branch exhaust pipe, 31-Branch supply air pipe, 41-Kitchen branch drain pipe, 41a-Bathroom branch drain pipe, 50-Upper heat exchange and purification unit, 51-Fresh air inlet, 52-Supply air outlet, 53-Return air outlet, 54-Exhaust outlet, 22-First upper exhaust connecting pipe, 23-Second upper exhaust connecting pipe, 24-Kitchen exhaust normally closed damper, 24a-Bathroom 25-Kitchen drain pipe normally closed air valve, 25a-Bathroom drain pipe normally closed air valve, 32-First upper air supply connecting pipe, 33-Second upper air supply connecting pipe, 34-Air supply normally closed inlet valve, 35-Air supply valve, 42-First upper drain connecting pipe, 43-Second upper drain connecting pipe, 45-Lower drain connecting pipe, 46-Pipe flap valve, 47-Sewage pipe network; 26-Kitchen exhaust cap, 27-Bathroom exhaust cap, 28-Kitchen drain exhaust cap, 29-Bathroom drain exhaust cap, 60-Upper heat exchanger, 70-Upper humidity regulator, 80-Upper normally open sealing valve.

[0084] The above Figure 2 In the middle: 10-Building main structure, 20-Kitchen main exhaust pipe, 20a-Bathroom exhaust pipe, 30-Main supply air pipe, 40-Kitchen main drain pipe, 40a-Bathroom main drain pipe, 21-Kitchen branch exhaust pipe, 21a-Bathroom branch exhaust pipe, 31-Branch supply air pipe, 41-Kitchen branch drain pipe, 41a-Bathroom branch drain pipe, 50b-Lower heat exchange and purification unit, 51b-Fresh air inlet, 52b-Supply air outlet, 53b-Return air outlet, 54b-Exhaust outlet, 22b-First lower exhaust connecting pipe, 23b-Second lower exhaust connecting pipe, 24 - Kitchen exhaust normally closed damper, 24a- Bathroom exhaust normally closed damper, 33b- Second lower end air supply connecting pipe, 34- Normally closed air supply inlet valve, 35- Air supply valve, 45- Lower end drain connecting pipe, 46- Pipe flap, 47- Sewage pipe network; 26- Kitchen exhaust cap, 27- Bathroom exhaust cap, 28- Kitchen drain exhaust cap, 29- Bathroom drain exhaust cap, 60b- Lower end heat pump evaporator, 70b- Lower end humidity regulator, 80b- Lower end normally open sealing valve, 90b- Lower end blower purifier, 100b- Lower end exhaust purifier.

[0085] The above Figure 3In the middle: 10-Main building structure, 20-Kitchen main exhaust pipe, 20a-Bathroom exhaust pipe, 30-Main air supply pipe, 40-Kitchen main drain pipe, 40a-Bathroom main drain pipe, 50-Upper heat exchange and purification unit, 51-Fresh air inlet, 52-Air supply outlet, 53-Return air inlet, 54-Exhaust outlet, 22-First upper exhaust connecting pipe, 23-Second upper exhaust connecting pipe, 33-Second upper air supply connecting pipe, 60-Upper heat exchanger, 70a-Upper sterilizer, 90-Upper blower purifier, 100-Upper exhaust purifier.

[0086] 50b - Lower heat exchange and purification unit, 51b - Fresh air inlet, 52b - Supply air outlet, 53b - Return air outlet, 54b - Exhaust air outlet, 22b - First lower exhaust connecting pipe, 23b - Second lower exhaust connecting pipe, 45 - Lower drain connecting pipe, 46 - Pipe flap valve, 60a - Lower heat exchange station heat exchanger, 70b - Lower humidity regulator, 80b - Lower normally open sealing valve, 90b - Lower blower purifier, 100b - Lower exhaust purifier.

[0087] The above Figure 4 Note: Combining Figure 1 and Figure 2 The above Figure 4 This is a comparison chart of the pressure difference test curves between the kitchen 1 and the exhaust pipe 20, and between the bathroom 2 and the exhaust pipe 20a, in a scaled-down 18-story building using the technology of this invention and the technology of the prior art.

[0088] The upper normally open sealing valve 80 and the lower normally open sealing valve 80b are closed. The kitchen exhaust normally closed air valve 24, the kitchen drain pipe normally closed air valve 25, the bathroom exhaust normally closed air valve 24a, the bathroom drain pipe normally closed air valve 25a, and the air supply normally closed air inlet valve 34 are open. The kitchen branch drain pipe 41 and the bathroom branch drain pipe 41a are closed.

[0089] Figure 4 In the middle: Curve ①—×— is a diagram showing the pressure difference between the kitchen main exhaust pipe 20 and the bathroom main exhaust pipe 20a on each floor and the indoor environment of each floor under the existing technical scheme A: that is, exhaust fans are installed at the upper ports of the kitchen main exhaust pipe 20 and the bathroom main exhaust pipe 20a respectively, and the lower ports of the kitchen main exhaust pipe 20 and the bathroom main exhaust pipe 20a are connected to the atmosphere, and the pressure difference test curves of each floor when the exhaust fans are running.

[0090] Curve ②—v— is a diagram showing the pressure difference between the main exhaust pipe 20 of the kitchen and the main exhaust pipe 20a of the bathroom on each floor and the indoor pressure of each floor in the test of the existing technical solution B: that is, with exhaust fans installed at the upper ports of the main exhaust pipe 20 of the kitchen and the main exhaust pipe 20a of the bathroom, and the lower ports of the main exhaust pipe 20 of the kitchen and the main exhaust pipe 20a of the bathroom closed, the pressure difference test curve of each floor when the exhaust fans are running.

[0091] Curve ③—o— is a diagram showing the pressure difference between the main exhaust pipe 20 of the kitchen and the main exhaust pipe 20a of the bathroom on each floor and the interior of each floor in testing a new technical solution A of the present invention: that is, exhaust fans are installed at the lower ends of the main exhaust pipe 20 of the kitchen and the main exhaust pipe 20a of the bathroom respectively. Figure 1 , Figure 2 (Not shown in the figure), the upper ports of the main exhaust pipe 20 in the kitchen and the main exhaust pipe 20a in the bathroom are closed (the normally closed air valve 24 for kitchen exhaust and the normally closed air valve 24a for bathroom exhaust are closed), and the pressure difference test curves of each floor when each exhaust fan is running at the lower end.

[0092] Curve ④—*— is a diagram showing the pressure difference between the main exhaust pipe 20 of the kitchen and the main exhaust pipe 20a of the bathroom on each floor and the room on each floor in testing a new technical solution B of the present invention: that is, exhaust fans are installed at the lower ends of the main exhaust pipe 20 of the kitchen and the main exhaust pipe 20a of the bathroom respectively. Figure 1 , Figure 2 (Not shown in the figure) The upper ports of the main exhaust pipe 20 in the kitchen and the main exhaust pipe 20a in the bathroom are connected to the atmosphere, and the lower end of each exhaust fan is used to measure the pressure difference test curves of each floor during operation.

[0093] Curve ⑤—·— represents the pressure difference between the main exhaust pipe 20 of the kitchen and the main exhaust pipe 20a of the bathroom on each floor and the interior of each floor in testing a new technical solution C of this invention. Specifically, exhaust fans are installed at both the upper and lower ends of the main exhaust pipe 20 of the kitchen and the main exhaust pipe 20a of the bathroom, and the sum of the power of the two exhaust fans equals the power of one exhaust fan as shown in the curve above. This curve represents the pressure difference test curve for each floor when both exhaust fans at the upper and lower ends are running.

[0094] from Figure 4The following conclusions can be drawn from the comparison of various test curves: Under the same conditions of temperature and humidity inside and outside the building: (1) Comparing curve ① with curve ② or comparing curve ③ with curve ④, when an exhaust fan is installed at one port of the kitchen exhaust pipe 20 and the main exhaust pipe 20a of the bathroom, and the other port is closed, the pressure difference between the kitchen 1 room and the bathroom 2 room and the exhaust pipe 20 and the main exhaust pipe 20a of the bathroom will be greater than when the other port is open (connected to the atmosphere). That is, when one port of the main exhaust pipe 20 and the main exhaust pipe 20a of the bathroom is closed, the exhaust speed or exhaust volume will be greater. (2) Comparing curve ③ with curve ④ and curve ① with curve ②, when an exhaust fan is installed at the lower port of the main exhaust pipe 20 and the main exhaust pipe 20a of the bathroom, the pressure difference between the kitchen 1 room and the bathroom 2 room and the main exhaust pipe 20 and the main exhaust pipe 20a of the kitchen is slightly higher than when an exhaust fan is installed at the upper port. (3) Comparing curves ①, ②, ③, and ④ with curve ⑤, exhaust fans are installed at both the upper and lower ends of the kitchen exhaust pipe 20 and the main exhaust pipe 20a of the bathroom (the sum of the power of the two exhaust fans is equal to the power of the exhaust fan installed at one end). The pressure difference between the kitchen 1 room and the bathroom 2 room and the floors within the exhaust pipe 20 and the main exhaust pipe 20a of the bathroom is higher than the pressure difference when an exhaust fan is only installed at one end of the exhaust pipe. Moreover, the pressure difference between the floors within the exhaust pipe 20 and the main exhaust pipe 20a of the bathroom is relatively more uniform. Pressure difference non-uniformity = (highest pressure difference - lowest pressure difference) / number of floors. The pressure difference non-uniformity of curve ⑤ is (135Pa - 80Pa) / 18 floors = 3Pa / floor. The pressure difference non-uniformity of curve ③ is (115Pa - 35Pa) / 18 floors = 4.4Pa / floor. The values ​​and change patterns of other values ​​after various state changes are basically the same as the patterns of the above conclusions, and will not be repeated here.

[0095] The above Figure 5 In the middle: 10-Building main structure, 20-Main exhaust duct, 30-Main supply air duct, 110-Total heat exchange purification unit, 51-Fresh air inlet, 52-Supply air outlet, 53-Return air outlet, 54-Exhaust air outlet, 23-Second exhaust connecting pipe, 33-Second supply air connecting pipe, 60b-Heat pump evaporator, 60c-Heat pump condenser, 60d-Heat pump compressor, 60e-Heat pump electronic expansion valve, 90-Blower purifier, 100-Exhaust purifier. Detailed Implementation

[0096] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0097] Example 1: As Figure 1The air conditioning system of a building shown includes: a main building 10, a kitchen 1, and a bathroom 2; main exhaust pipes 20 for the kitchen and main exhaust pipes 20a for the bathroom, main air supply pipes 30, and main drain pipes 40 for the kitchen and bathroom, respectively installed indoors or outdoors on each floor of the main building 10; each main exhaust pipe 20 for the kitchen is connected to the indoor floor via a branch exhaust pipe 21; each main exhaust pipe 20a for the bathroom is connected to the indoor floor via a branch exhaust pipe 21a; each main air supply pipe 30 is connected to the indoor floor via a branch air supply pipe 31 and an air supply valve 35; and each main drain pipe 40 for the kitchen is connected to the indoor floor via a branch drain pipe 41. The main drain pipe 40a of each bathroom is connected to the interior of each floor through the branch drain pipe 41a of the bathroom. The main exhaust pipe 20 of each kitchen, the exhaust pipe 20a of each bathroom, the main air supply pipe 30, the main drain pipe 40 of each kitchen, and the drain pipe 40a of each bathroom are respectively provided with upper and lower ends. An upper heat exchange and purification unit 50 is provided on the upper part of the main body 10 of the building. The upper heat exchange and purification unit 50 is provided with a fresh air inlet 51, an air supply outlet 52, a return air outlet 53, and an exhaust outlet 54. The upper heat exchange and purification unit 50 is provided with an air intake fan, an exhaust fan, an air intake channel, an exhaust channel, a total heat exchanger, a filter purifier, a disinfection and sterilization device, and a silencer (not shown in the figure).

[0098] A first upper exhaust connecting pipe 22 is connected between the upper ends of each kitchen main exhaust pipe 20 and bathroom exhaust pipe 20a. A second upper exhaust connecting pipe 23 is connected between the first upper exhaust connecting pipe 22 and the return air vent 53 of the upper heat exchange and purification unit 50. Each kitchen main exhaust pipe 20 and bathroom exhaust pipe 20a is connected to a normally closed kitchen exhaust valve 24 and a normally closed bathroom exhaust valve 24a. The air inlets of the normally closed kitchen exhaust valve 24 and bathroom exhaust valve 24a are connected to the main kitchen exhaust pipe 20 and bathroom exhaust pipe 20a, and the air outlets of the normally closed kitchen exhaust valve 24 and bathroom exhaust valve 24a are connected to the air inlet of the exhaust cap.

[0099] A first upper air supply connecting pipe 32 is connected between the upper ends of each main air supply pipe 30. A second upper air supply connecting pipe 33 is connected between the upper end of each main air supply pipe 30 or the first upper air supply connecting pipe 32 and the air outlet 52 of the upper heat exchange and purification unit 50. An upper heat exchanger 60 and an upper humidity regulator 70 are connected in series on the second upper air supply connecting pipe. A normally closed air inlet valve 34 is connected between each main air supply pipe 30 and the exterior of the building. An air supply valve 35 is connected between each main air supply pipe 30 and the interior of each floor of the building through each branch air supply pipe 31.

[0100] A first upper drain connection pipe 42 is connected between the upper end of each kitchen main drain pipe 40 and bathroom main drain pipe 40a and the upper end of each kitchen main exhaust pipe 20 and bathroom exhaust pipe 20a. A second upper drain connection pipe 43 is provided between the first upper drain connection pipe 42 and the first upper exhaust connection pipe 22. A normally closed air valve 25 for kitchen drain pipe and normally closed air valve 25a for bathroom drain pipe are connected to the upper end of each kitchen main drain pipe 40 and bathroom main drain pipe 40a. The air inlets of the normally closed air valves 25 and 25a are connected to the upper ends of each kitchen main drain pipe 40 and bathroom main drain pipe 40a. Kitchen drain exhaust caps 28 and bathroom drain exhaust caps 29 are installed on the air outlets of the normally closed air valves 25 and 25a.

[0101] The lower ends of the main drain pipes 40 in the kitchen and 40a in the bathroom are connected to the inlet of the pipe flap valve 46 via the lower drain connecting pipe 45. The outlet of the pipe flap valve 46 is connected to the sewage network 47. The pipe flap valve 46 automatically closes when there is no sewage flowing through it, preventing the odor from the sewage network from entering the main drain pipes 40 in the kitchen and 40a in the bathroom.

[0102] Normally open air valves 80 are connected in series on the first upper exhaust connecting pipe 22 and the second upper exhaust connecting pipe 23 between the upper ends of the main exhaust pipes 20 of each kitchen and the exhaust pipes 20a of each bathroom, and on the first upper drain connecting pipe 42 and the second upper drain connecting pipe 43 between the main drain pipes 40 of each kitchen and the main drain pipes 40a of each bathroom.

[0103] When the air conditioning system is started, outdoor air enters the upper heat exchange and purification unit 50 through the fresh air inlet 51, driven by the air intake fan. Inside the upper heat exchange and purification unit 50, the outdoor air undergoes filtration and purification, total heat exchange with exhaust air, disinfection, sterilization, and noise reduction before entering the heat exchanger 60. Based on indoor temperature requirements, sensors and a control system (existing mature technology, not shown in the diagram) provide cooling or heating. The air then enters the humidity regulator 70, where sensors and a control system humidify or dehumidify based on indoor humidity needs. The treated fresh air is then delivered to the main air supply ducts 30 and distributed to individual rooms via branch air supply ducts 31 and air supply valves 35. The polluted air in each room enters the main exhaust pipe 20 of the kitchen, the main drain pipe 40 of the kitchen, the main exhaust pipe 20a of the bathroom, and the main drain pipe 40a of the bathroom through the branch exhaust pipe 21 of the kitchen, the branch drain pipe 41 of the kitchen, the branch exhaust pipe 21a of the bathroom, and the branch drain pipe 41a of the bathroom, respectively. Then, it enters the second connecting pipe 23 of the upper end and the return air vent 53 through the first upper exhaust connecting pipe 22, the first upper drain connecting pipe 42, the second upper drain connecting pipe 43 and the normally open sealing valve 80. Under the action of the exhaust fan in the upper heat exchange and purification unit 50, the polluted air is filtered and purified, undergoes total heat exchange with the fresh air, and is then silenced before being discharged into the atmosphere through the exhaust vent 54.

[0104] When the air conditioning system shuts down due to power outages, maintenance, or cleaning, the normally open damper 80 is electrically closed in conjunction with the upper heat exchange and purification unit 50 to prevent cross-contamination of gases within the ducts. The normally closed dampers—kitchen exhaust damper 24, bathroom exhaust damper 24a, kitchen drain damper 25, bathroom drain damper 25a, and supply air inlet damper 34—are electrically opened in conjunction with the upper heat exchange and purification unit 50. Outdoor air temporarily enters the main supply air ducts 30 through the normally closed dampers 34 and is then delivered to the rooms via the branch supply air ducts 31 and supply air dampers 35. Stale air from each room temporarily enters the main exhaust pipe 20 of the kitchen, the main drain pipe 40 of the kitchen, the main exhaust pipe 41 of the bathroom, the main exhaust pipe 21a of the bathroom, and the main drain pipe 40a of the bathroom, respectively. Then, it is drawn into the atmosphere by the kitchen exhaust cap 26, the bathroom exhaust cap 27, the kitchen drain exhaust cap 28, and the bathroom drain exhaust cap 29 through the first upper exhaust connecting pipe 22, the first upper drain connecting pipe 42, the second upper drain connecting pipe 43, and the normally closed sealing valves 24, 25, 24a, and 25a of the kitchen exhaust pipe, respectively, preventing stale air from accumulating in the room and in the pipes.

[0105] Example 2: As Figure 2The air conditioning system of a building shown includes: a main building 10, a kitchen 1, and a bathroom 2; main exhaust pipes 20 for the kitchen and main exhaust pipes 20a for the bathroom, respectively installed indoors or outdoors on each floor of the main building 10; main air supply pipes 30; main drain pipes 40 for the kitchen and main drain pipes 40a for the bathroom; each main exhaust pipe 20 for the kitchen is connected to the indoor floor via a branch exhaust pipe 21; each main exhaust pipe 20a for the bathroom is connected to the indoor floor via a branch exhaust pipe 21a; each main air supply pipe 30 is connected to the indoor floor via a branch air supply pipe 31 and an air supply valve 35; each main drain pipe 40 for the kitchen is connected to the indoor floor via a branch drain pipe 41; and each bathroom... The main drain pipe 40a connects to the interior of each floor through the branch drain pipe 41a of the bathroom. The main exhaust pipe 20 of each kitchen, the exhaust pipe 20a of each bathroom, the main air supply pipe 30, the main drain pipe 40 of each kitchen, and the drain pipe 40a of each bathroom are respectively provided with upper and lower ends. A lower heat exchange and purification unit 50b is provided on the ground below the main body 10 of the building. The lower heat exchange and purification unit 50b is provided with a fresh air inlet 51b, an air supply outlet 52b, a return air outlet 53b, and an exhaust outlet 54b. The lower heat exchange and purification unit 50b is provided with an air intake fan, an exhaust fan, an air intake channel, an exhaust channel, a total heat exchanger, a filter purifier, a disinfection and sterilization device, and a silencer (not shown in the figure).

[0106] Each kitchen main exhaust pipe 20 is equipped with a normally closed damper 24 at its upper end, and an exhaust cap 26 is connected to the normally closed damper 24. The air inlet of the normally closed damper 24 is connected to the kitchen main exhaust pipe 20, and the air outlet is connected to the air inlet of the exhaust cap 26. Each bathroom main exhaust pipe 20a is equipped with a normally closed damper 24a at its upper end, and an exhaust cap 27 is connected to the normally closed damper 24a. The air inlet of the normally closed damper 24a is connected to the bathroom main exhaust pipe 20a, and the air outlet is connected to the air inlet of the exhaust cap 27.

[0107] Each of the main exhaust pipes 20 is connected to a first lower exhaust connecting pipe 22b at its lower end, and a second lower exhaust connecting pipe 23b is connected between the first lower exhaust connecting pipe 22b and the air inlet of the lower exhaust purifier 100b. A normally open sealing valve 80b is connected in series on the first lower exhaust connecting pipe 22b and the second lower exhaust connecting pipe 23b.

[0108] A first lower air supply connecting pipe (not shown in the figure) is connected between the lower ends of each main air supply duct 30. A second lower air supply connecting pipe 33b is connected between the first lower air supply connecting pipe and the air outlet 52b of the lower heat exchange purification unit 50b. A lower heat pump evaporator 60b and a lower humidity regulator 70b are connected in series on the second lower air supply connecting pipe 33b. A normally closed air inlet valve 34 is connected between each main air supply duct 30 and the outdoor area of ​​the building body 10. An air supply valve 35 is connected between each main air supply duct 30 and the indoor area of ​​each floor of the building body 10 through each branch air supply duct 31. The upper end of the main air supply duct 30 is closed. A lower exhaust purifier 100b is connected in series on the second lower exhaust connecting pipe 23b. A lower blower purifier 90b is installed on the fresh air outlet 51b of the lower heat exchange purification unit 50b. The lower exhaust purifier 100b and the lower blower purifier 90b can enhance the exhaust purification and air supply purification effects.

[0109] The kitchen main drain pipe 40 and the bathroom main drain pipe 40a are equipped with kitchen drain vent cap 28 and bathroom drain vent cap 29 at the upper end, and are connected to pipe flap valve 46 at the lower end through drain connecting pipe 45. The outlet of pipe flap valve 46 is connected to sewage pipe network 47.

[0110] When the air conditioning system is started, outdoor air passes through the lower blower purifier 90b and fresh air inlet 51b. Under the action of the intake fans in the lower blower purifier 90b and the lower heat exchange purifier unit 50b, the air undergoes filtration, purification, total heat exchange with exhaust air, disinfection, sterilization, and noise reduction before entering the humidity regulator 70b. Based on indoor humidity requirements, sensors and the control system humidify or dehumidify the air. The air then enters the lower heat pump evaporator 60b, where sensors and the control system (a mature existing technology, not shown in the diagram) exchange cooling or heating energy based on indoor temperature requirements. The treated fresh air is then delivered to the main air supply ducts 30 and distributed to individual rooms through the branch air supply ducts 31 and air supply valves 35. Stale air from each room enters the main exhaust pipe 20 of the kitchen and the main exhaust pipe 20a of the bathroom via the branch exhaust pipe 21 of the kitchen and the branch exhaust pipe 21a of the bathroom, respectively. It then flows through the first connecting pipe 22b and the normally open sealing valve 80b to the second connecting pipe 23b at the lower end. Under the action of the lower exhaust purifier 100b, it is transported to the return air vent 53b. Then, under the combined action of the exhaust purifier 100b and the exhaust fan in the lower heat exchange purifier unit 50b, the stale air is filtered, purified, undergoes total heat exchange with the incoming air, and is then silenced before being discharged into the atmosphere through the exhaust vent 54b. Stale air in the main drain pipe 40 of the kitchen and the main drain pipe 40a of the bathroom is drawn out by the kitchen drain vent cap 28 and the bathroom drain vent cap 29. The pipe flap 46 automatically closes when no sewage flows through, preventing odors from the sewage network from entering the main drain pipe 40 of the kitchen and the main drain pipe 40a of the bathroom.

[0111] When the air conditioning system shuts down due to power outages, maintenance, or cleaning, the normally open damper 80b, along with the lower heat exchange purification unit 50b, the lower exhaust purification unit 100b, and the lower blower purification unit 90b, will close in conjunction with these units to prevent the cross-contamination of polluted gases within the ducts. The normally closed dampers 24 for kitchen exhaust, 24a for bathroom exhaust, and 34 for supply air will open electrically in conjunction with the lower heat exchange purification unit 50b, the lower exhaust purification unit 100b, and the lower blower purification unit 90b. Outdoor air will temporarily enter the main supply air ducts 30 through the normally closed dampers 34 and then be delivered to the indoor units via the branch supply air ducts 31 and supply air valves 35. Stale air from each room temporarily enters the main exhaust pipe 20 of the kitchen and the main exhaust pipe 20a of the bathroom via the branch exhaust pipe 21 of the kitchen and the branch exhaust pipe 21a of the bathroom, respectively. It is then drawn into the atmosphere by the normally closed exhaust valves 24 of the kitchen and 24a of the bathroom, and by the exhaust caps 26 and 27 of the bathroom. Stale air from the main drain pipes 40 of the kitchen and 40a of the bathroom is drawn into the atmosphere by the drain exhaust caps 28 and 29 of the bathroom. This prevents the accumulation of stale air in the rooms and pipes.

[0112] Example 3: As Figure 3 The air conditioning system of the building shown in Embodiment 3 consists of an upper heat exchange and purification unit 50, a lower heat exchange and purification unit 50b, an upper heat exchanger 60, an upper sterilizer 70a, an upper blower purifier 90, and an upper exhaust purifier 100 installed at the upper and lower ends of the main building 10; and a lower heat exchange and purification unit 50b, a lower heat exchange station heat exchanger 60a, a lower humidity regulator 70b, a lower blower purifier 90b, and a lower exhaust purifier 100b. The numbering, contents, connection methods, and operation processes of the remaining components are basically the same as in Embodiments 1 and 2, and will not be repeated here. The difference in effect lies in the fact that the simultaneous operation of the two upper heat exchange purification units 50, lower heat exchange purification units 50b, upper blower purification units 90, upper exhaust purification units 100, lower blower purification units 90b, and lower exhaust purification units 100b will greatly improve the uniformity of the pressure difference between the upper and lower parts of each exhaust pipe. This prevents the occurrence of uneven pressure between the upper and lower parts of the main exhaust pipe 20 and the main exhaust pipe 20a when the range hoods in each household are operating at a high rate, thus preventing the occurrence of smoke and odor mixing between the lower and upper floors.

[0113] Example 4: Figure 5 The image shows an air conditioning system for a building coupled with a heat pump unit.

[0114] Includes: main building 10, main exhaust pipe 20, main air supply pipe 30, total heat exchange and purification unit 110, and heat exchange and purification unit 50 is equipped with air inlet channel, air outlet channel, total heat exchanger, filter purifier, etc. (not shown in the figure).

[0115] The heat pump unit consists of a second exhaust pipe 23, a second air supply pipe 33, a heat pump evaporator 60b, a heat pump condenser 60c, a heat pump compressor 60d, a heat pump electronic expansion valve 60e, a blower purifier 90, and an exhaust purifier 100. An exhaust purifier 100 and the evaporator 60b of the heat pump unit are installed at the exhaust port 54 of the heat exchange purification unit 50. The condenser 60c and the blower purifier 90 of the heat pump unit are connected in series on the air inlet duct of the fresh air inlet 51 of the heat exchange purification unit 50. The compressor 60d, evaporator 60b, condenser 60c, electronic expansion valve 60e, controller, four-way valve, liquid receiver, and sight glass (not shown in the figure) constitute the heat pump unit. The evaporator 60b functions as an evaporator during heating and a condenser during cooling; the condenser 60c functions as a condenser during heating and an evaporator during cooling.

[0116] During winter heating, outdoor fresh air enters the fresh air duct through fresh air inlet 51 under the action of the blower purifier 90. The fresh air is heated by the condenser 60c of the heat pump unit to a temperature that will not cause frost or condensation in the total heat exchange purification unit 110. Then it enters the total heat exchange purification unit 110, passes through the air outlet 52 and the second air supply connecting pipe 33 into the main air supply pipe 30, and then through each branch air supply pipe to each room of the main building 10. Indoor polluted air, under the action of the upper exhaust purifier 100, enters the main exhaust pipe 20 from each room of the main building 10 through each branch exhaust pipe, and then through the second exhaust connecting pipe 23 into the exhaust duct through the return air inlet 53 of the total heat exchange purification unit 110. After passing through the total heat exchange purification unit 110, it enters the evaporator 60b of the heat pump unit, is cooled, and is directly discharged outdoors. 51-Fresh air inlet, 52-Air outlet, 53-Return air inlet, 54-Exhaust air outlet.

[0117] During the summer cooling period, the heat pump unit switches via a four-way valve, and its cooling operation is the reverse of the heating operation, which will not be elaborated here.

[0118] This embodiment can be installed on various configurations where the heat exchange purification unit is located at the top, middle, or bottom of a building.

[0119] All the main exhaust pipes, air supply pipes, and connecting pipes mentioned above are insulated to prevent energy loss.

[0120] The above embodiments can be for a single building, or multiple buildings sharing a single unit, or multiple units operating in parallel. When multiple units are operating in parallel, each unit has normally open dampers installed on its supply and return air inlets.

[0121] When the above-mentioned technical solutions are in operation, it is recommended to close doors and windows.

[0122] Although an air conditioning system for a building has been described in conjunction with preferred embodiments, the invention is not limited to the specific forms described herein. Rather, it is intended to cover various alternatives, new combinations and equivalents derived from the recombination of various feature elements that naturally fall within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. An air conditioning system for a building, comprising: The main body of the building includes main exhaust pipes, main air supply pipes, and main drainage pipes installed on each floor, either indoors or outdoors. A building has N main exhaust pipes, M main air supply pipes, and L main drainage pipes. Each main exhaust pipe connects to each floor via branch exhaust pipes, each main air supply pipe connects to each floor via branch air supply pipes, and each main drainage pipe connects to each floor via branch drainage pipes. Each main exhaust pipe, main air supply pipe, and main drainage pipe has an upper end and a lower end. An upper heat exchange and purification unit is installed at the top of the building. This unit includes at least a fresh air inlet, an air supply outlet, a return air inlet, an exhaust outlet, an air inlet duct, an exhaust duct, a heat exchanger or total heat exchange core, a filter purifier, or a combination of various functional components such as an air intake fan, an exhaust fan, a carbon absorber, a sterilizer, a silencer, an air-water separator, and a humidity regulator. Its distinguishing feature is: A first upper exhaust connecting pipe is connected between or partially between the upper ends of each main exhaust flue pipe. A second upper exhaust connecting pipe is connected between the upper end of each main exhaust flue pipe or the first upper exhaust connecting pipe and the return air inlet of the upper heat exchange and purification unit. At least one normally closed air valve is connected to the upper end of each main exhaust flue pipe, the first upper exhaust connecting pipe, and the second upper exhaust connecting pipe. The air inlet of the normally closed air valve is connected to each main exhaust flue pipe, the first upper exhaust connecting pipe, and the second upper exhaust connecting pipe, and the air outlet of the normally closed air valve is connected to the atmosphere. The main exhaust flue pipe includes an exhaust pipe and an exhaust pipe. A first upper air supply connecting pipe is connected between or between the upper ends of each main air supply pipe; a second upper air supply connecting pipe is connected between the upper end of each main air supply pipe or the first upper air supply connecting pipe and the air outlet of the upper heat exchange and purification unit; at least one normally closed air inlet valve is connected between each main air supply pipe and the exterior of the building; and air supply valves are connected between each main air supply pipe and the interior of each floor of the building through each branch air supply pipe. A first upper drain connection pipe is connected between or between the upper ends of each main drain pipe. A second upper drain connection pipe is provided between the first upper drain connection pipe and the first upper exhaust connection pipe or the second upper exhaust connection pipe. At least one normally closed air valve is connected to the upper end of each main drain pipe or the first upper drain connection pipe. The air inlet of the normally closed air valve is connected to the upper end of each main drain pipe or the first upper drain connection pipe, and the air outlet of the normally closed air valve is connected to the atmosphere. The lower ends of each main drain pipe are connected to the inlet of a check valve, water seal valve, or pipe flap valve, either through a lower drain connecting pipe or by means of a lower drain connecting pipe. The outlet of the check valve, water seal valve, or pipe flap valve is connected to the sewage pipe network. Each normally closed air valve opens when the upper heat exchange and purification unit is shut down.

2. The air conditioning system for a building according to claim 1, characterized in that: An exhaust cap is connected to each normally closed air valve at the upper end of each main exhaust pipe and each main drain pipe, and the air outlet of the normally closed air valve is connected to the air inlet of the exhaust cap.

3. An air conditioning system for a building according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: Normally open air valves are connected in series on the first upper exhaust connecting pipe, the second upper exhaust connecting pipe, the first upper drain connecting pipe, and the second upper drain connecting pipe. The normally open air valves close when the upper heat exchange and purification unit stops.

4. An air conditioning system for a building according to claim 3, characterized in that: An upper heat exchanger is installed on the second upper air supply pipe or the first upper air supply pipe. The energy input side of the upper heat exchanger is connected to a heat source or a cold source, and the energy output side of the upper heat exchanger is connected to the second upper air supply pipe or the first upper air supply pipe.

5. An air conditioning system for a building according to claim 3, characterized in that: An upper exhaust fan or exhaust purifier is connected in series on the second upper exhaust connecting pipe, or an upper exhaust fan or exhaust purifier is installed on the exhaust port of the upper heat exchange purifier unit. An upper blower or blower purifier is installed on the fresh air inlet of the upper heat exchange purifier unit, or an upper blower or blower purifier is installed on the air outlet of the upper heat exchange purifier unit.

6. An air conditioning system for a building according to claim 3, characterized in that: A central heat exchange and purification unit is installed at the midpoint of the building height or near the refuge floor. A first central exhaust connecting pipe is connected between or partially between the central sections of each main exhaust flue pipe. A second central exhaust connecting pipe is connected between the central section of each main exhaust flue pipe or the first central exhaust connecting pipe and the return air inlet of the central heat exchange and purification unit. At least one normally closed air valve is connected to each central main exhaust flue pipe, the first central exhaust connecting pipe, and the second central exhaust connecting pipe. The air inlet of the normally closed air valve is connected to each central main exhaust flue pipe, the first central exhaust connecting pipe, and the second central exhaust connecting pipe. The normally closed air valve opens when the central heat exchange and purification unit is shut down. Normally open air valves are connected in series on the first and second central exhaust connecting pipes between the middle sections of the main exhaust pipes. The normally open air valves close when the central heat exchange and purification unit stops. A first central air supply connecting pipe is connected between or between the middle sections of each main air supply pipe, and a second central air supply connecting pipe is connected between the middle section of each main air supply pipe or the first central air supply connecting pipe and the air outlet of the central heat exchange and purification unit.

7. An air conditioning system for a building according to claim 3, characterized in that: A lower heat exchange and purification unit is installed at the bottom of the building or on the ground. A first lower exhaust connecting pipe is connected between or between the lower ends of each main exhaust flue pipe and a portion thereof. A second lower exhaust connecting pipe is connected between the lower end of each main exhaust flue pipe or the first lower exhaust connecting pipe and the return air inlet of the lower heat exchange and purification unit. A first lower air supply connecting pipe is connected between or between the lower ends of each main air supply pipe and a portion thereof, and a second lower air supply connecting pipe is connected between the lower end of each main air supply pipe or the first lower air supply connecting pipe and the air outlet of the lower heat exchange and purification unit. Normally open air valves are connected in series on the first lower exhaust connecting pipe and the second lower exhaust connecting pipe between the lower ends of each main exhaust pipe. The normally open air valves close when the lower heat exchange and purification unit stops.

8. An air conditioning system for a building according to claim 7, characterized in that: A lower heat exchanger is installed on the second lower air supply pipe or on the first lower air supply pipe. The energy input side of the lower heat exchanger is connected to a heat source or a cold source, and the energy output side of the lower heat exchanger is connected to the second lower air supply pipe or to the first lower air supply pipe.

9. An air conditioning system for a building, comprising: The main body of the building includes main exhaust pipes, main air supply pipes, and main drainage pipes installed indoors or outdoors on each floor. A building has N main exhaust pipes, M main air supply pipes, and L main drainage pipes. Each main exhaust pipe connects to the interior of each floor via branch exhaust pipes. Each main air supply pipe connects to the interior of each floor via branch air supply pipes. Each main drainage pipe connects to the interior of each floor via branch drainage pipes. Each main exhaust pipe, each main air supply pipe, and each main drainage pipe has an upper end and a lower end. The building is characterized by: A lower heat exchange and purification unit is provided at the lower part of the building or on the ground. The heat exchange and purification unit is provided with at least a fresh air inlet, an air supply outlet, a return air inlet, an exhaust air outlet, an air inlet channel, an exhaust air channel, a heat exchanger or a total heat exchange core, a filter purifier, or a combination of various functional components such as an air inlet fan, an exhaust fan, a carbon collector, a sterilizer, a silencer, an air-water separator, and a humidity regulator. A first lower exhaust connecting pipe is connected between or partially between the lower ends of each main exhaust flue pipe, and a second lower exhaust connecting pipe is connected between the lower end of each main exhaust flue pipe or the first lower exhaust connecting pipe and the return air port of the lower heat exchange and purification unit; the main exhaust flue pipe includes an exhaust pipe and an exhaust pipe. Each main exhaust pipe is connected to a normally closed air valve at its upper end. An exhaust cap or exhaust fan is connected to the normally closed air valve. The air inlet of the normally closed air valve is connected to the main exhaust pipe, and the air outlet is connected to the air inlet of the exhaust cap or exhaust fan. A first lower air supply connecting pipe is connected between or partially between the lower ends of each main air supply duct. A second lower air supply connecting pipe is connected between the lower end of each main air supply duct or the first lower air supply connecting pipe and the air outlet of the lower heat exchange and purification unit. At least one normally closed air inlet valve is connected between each main air supply duct and the exterior of the building. Each main air supply duct is connected to the interior of each floor of the building through each branch air supply duct and an air supply valve is connected. The upper end of the main air supply duct is closed. Each normally closed air valve is opened when the lower heat exchange and purification unit is stopped. A normally closed air valve is connected to the upper end of each main drain pipe. An exhaust cap or exhaust fan is connected to each normally closed air valve. The air inlet of the normally closed air valve is connected to the upper end of each main drain pipe, and the air outlet of the normally closed air valve is connected to the air inlet of the exhaust cap or exhaust fan. The lower ends of each main drain pipe are connected to the inlet of a check valve, water seal valve, or pipe flap valve, either through a lower drain connecting pipe or a connecting pipe. The outlet of the check valve, water seal valve, or pipe flap valve is connected to the sewage pipe network.

10. An air conditioning system for a building according to claim 9, characterized in that: Normally open air valves are connected in series on the first lower exhaust connecting pipe and the second lower exhaust connecting pipe between the lower ends of each main exhaust pipe. The normally open air valves close when the lower heat exchange and purification unit stops.

11. An air conditioning system for a building according to claim 9, characterized in that: A lower heat exchanger is installed on the second lower air supply pipe or on the first lower air supply pipe. The input side of the lower heat exchanger is connected to a heat source or a cold source, and the output side of the lower heat exchanger is connected to the second lower air supply pipe or to the first lower air supply pipe.

12. An air conditioning system for a building according to claim 10, characterized in that: A lower heat exchanger is installed on the second lower air supply pipe or on the first lower air supply pipe. The input side of the lower heat exchanger is connected to a heat source or a cold source, and the output side of the lower heat exchanger is connected to the second lower air supply pipe or to the first lower air supply pipe.

13. An air conditioning system for a building according to claim 9, characterized in that: A central heat exchange and purification unit is installed at the midpoint of the building height or near the refuge floor. A first central exhaust connecting pipe is connected between or partially between the central sections of each main exhaust flue pipe. A second central exhaust connecting pipe is connected between the central section of each main exhaust flue pipe or the first central exhaust connecting pipe and the return air inlet of the central heat exchange and purification unit. At least one normally closed air valve is connected to each central main exhaust flue pipe, the first central exhaust connecting pipe, and the second central exhaust connecting pipe. The air inlet of the normally closed air valve is connected to each central main exhaust flue pipe, the first central exhaust connecting pipe, and the second central exhaust connecting pipe. The normally closed air valve opens when the central heat exchange and purification unit is shut down. A first central air supply connecting pipe is connected between or between the middle sections of each main air supply pipe, and a second central air supply connecting pipe is connected between the middle section of each main air supply pipe or the first central air supply connecting pipe and the air outlet of the central heat exchange and purification unit. Normally open air valves are connected in series on the first and second central exhaust connecting pipes between the middle sections of the main exhaust pipes. The normally open air valves close when the central heat exchange and purification unit is shut down.

14. An air conditioning system for a building according to claim 10, characterized in that: The lower end of the main drain pipe is connected to the lower port of the gas-water connecting pipe on the pipeline between the lower end of the main drain pipe and the check valve, water seal valve or flap valve. An exhaust valve or automatic water-blocking exhaust valve is installed on the upper port of the gas-water connecting pipe. The exhaust valve or automatic water-blocking exhaust valve is provided with an air inlet and an exhaust outlet. The air inlet is connected to the upper port of the gas-water connecting pipe. The exhaust outlet is connected to the lower end of the main exhaust pipe or the first lower end exhaust connecting pipe or the second lower end exhaust connecting pipe through the gas connecting pipe.

15. An air conditioning system for a building according to claim 10, characterized in that: A lower exhaust fan or exhaust purifier is connected in series on the second lower exhaust connecting pipe, or a lower exhaust fan or exhaust purifier is installed on the exhaust port of the lower heat exchange purifier unit. A lower blower or blower purifier is installed on the fresh air port of the lower heat exchange purifier unit, or a lower blower or blower purifier is installed on the air supply port of the lower heat exchange purifier unit.

16. An air conditioning system for a building according to claim 12, characterized in that: A lower exhaust fan or exhaust purifier is connected in series on the second lower exhaust connecting pipe, or a lower exhaust fan or exhaust purifier is installed on the exhaust port of the lower heat exchange purifier unit. A lower blower or blower purifier is installed on the fresh air port of the lower heat exchange purifier unit, or a lower blower or blower purifier is installed on the air supply port of the lower heat exchange purifier unit.

17. An air conditioning system for a building according to claim 15, characterized in that: An evaporator or condenser of a heat pump unit is installed on the exhaust port of the lower heat exchange purification unit, or an evaporator or condenser of a heat pump unit is connected in series on the second lower exhaust connecting pipe, or the evaporator or condenser is placed outside the building; the condenser or evaporator of the heat pump unit is installed on the air outlet of the lower heat exchange purification unit, or connected in series on the second lower air supply connecting pipe.

18. An air conditioning system for a building according to claim 9, characterized in that: An evaporator of a heat pump unit is installed on the exhaust vent of the lower heat exchange and purification unit, or an evaporator of a heat pump unit is connected in series on the second lower exhaust connecting pipe. The heat transfer fluid inlet and outlet of the heat pump unit's condenser are connected in series to the tap water pipe entering the building.

19. An air conditioning system for a building according to claim 15, characterized in that: A normally open air valve is connected in series on the fresh air inlet pipe of the lower heat exchange and purification unit, and a normally closed air valve is connected in parallel between the air inlet and the air outlet of the normally open air valve; a normally open air valve is connected in series on the return air inlet pipe of the lower heat exchange and purification unit, and a normally closed air valve is connected in parallel between the air inlet and the exhaust outlet of the normally open air valve. When the lower heat exchange and purification unit is stopped, the normally open air valve is closed and the normally closed air valve is opened.

20. An air conditioning system for a building according to claim 10, characterized in that: A heat pipe is installed between the second lower exhaust pipe and the second lower air supply pipe. The evaporation section of the heat pipe is installed inside the second lower exhaust pipe, and the condensation section of the heat pipe is installed inside the second lower air supply pipe.

21. An air conditioning system for a building according to claim 10, characterized in that: An upper heat exchange and purification unit is installed at the upper end of the building. A first upper exhaust connecting pipe is connected between or between the upper side walls of each main exhaust duct and a portion thereof. A second upper exhaust connecting pipe is connected between the upper side wall of each main exhaust duct or the side wall of the first upper exhaust connecting pipe and the return air inlet of the upper heat exchange and purification unit. A normally open air valve is connected in series on the first upper exhaust connecting pipe and the second upper exhaust connecting pipe. The normally open air valve closes when the upper heat exchange and purification unit stops. A first upper air supply connecting pipe is connected between or between the upper side walls of each main air supply duct and a portion thereof. A second upper air supply connecting pipe is connected between the upper side wall of each main air supply duct or the first upper air supply connecting pipe and the air outlet of the upper heat exchange and purification unit. A first upper drain connection pipe is connected between or between the upper port sidewalls of each main drain pipe. A second upper drain connection pipe is installed between the first upper drain connection pipe and the first or second upper exhaust connection pipe. A normally open air valve is connected in series on the first and second upper drain connection pipes. The normally open air valve closes when the upper heat exchange and purification unit stops.

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