A method for scoring and evaluating the degree of karst structure development

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for scoring and evaluating the development degree of karst structure, which relates to the technical field of engineering geological survey, and comprises the following steps: S101, obtaining basic evaluation parameters and revised evaluation parameters of karst structure development, wherein the basic evaluation parameters include effective linear dissolution rate and encountered cave density; S102, performing basic evaluation on the karst development degree based on the basic evaluation parameters, and obtaining an initial evaluation result; S103, performing revised evaluation on the karst development degree based on the revised evaluation parameters, and obtaining a final evaluation result of the target, wherein the revised evaluation parameters include the maximum spring flow in the region, the water flow impact scale, the water outlet density, the water head height difference, the internal filling state, and the water head dissipation time. The present invention provides a method for evaluating the karst development degree of a mountain, which can relatively accurately determine the karst development degree of a mountain, and based on the effective linear dissolution rate and the encountered cave density, while considering the water flow impact scale and the influence of the water head, the evaluation of the karst development degree of the mountain is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of engineering geological survey, and in particular to a method for scoring and evaluating the development degree of karst structures. Background Art

[0002] Karst is a general term for the geological action of surface water and groundwater on soluble rocks, which is mainly chemical dissolution and supplemented by mechanical erosion, and the various phenomena it produces.

[0003] Carbonate rock formations are usually areas where carbonate rocks are distributed in patches. In the process of engineering geological survey in karst areas, it is often necessary to determine the degree of karst development in different sections of the engineering area. At present, the determination of the degree of karst development below the ground is generally based on geological mapping, geological drilling, geophysical exploration, sampling indoor testing, groundwater chemistry and other means. The morphology and scale of karst development are obtained through drilling cores, adit exposure, surface exposure, etc. Then, based on the morphology, density, and rock solubility test indicators of karst development, the characteristics and distribution laws of karst development in the evaluation area are summarized and summarized. Finally, the different degrees of underground karst development in different sections are evaluated according to relevant manuals or regulations.

[0004] The determination of the degree of karst development is often carried out in a relatively large area. Although there are many reference factors or bases, it is ultimately largely determined by human judgment, so its accuracy is limited by the fineness of the data. In general, the richer the geological, hydrogeological, drilling, and test data, the more accurate the division will be. At present, the commonly used reference factors include stratigraphic lithology, lithology combination characteristics, rock mineralization composition, groundwater runoff modulus, and surface karst cave development density.

[0005] The above are the most commonly used and most conventional working methods and workflows in the field of engineering survey. The classification of karst development degree requires a lot of work accumulation and requires a long period of field and internal analysis and research work. It involves many working methods, and the steps and processes and human judgment are complicated. It is often necessary to combine the test and judgment results of various methods to finally give a judgment, especially for buried karst. Due to the small number of surface outcrops and buried below the surface, some indicators used to judge the degree of karst development, such as development scale, morphology, development layer, etc., cannot be directly observed by the naked eye. The degree of karst development can only be inferred and judged by limited geological drilling, tracer tests and surface mapping results.

[0006] However, since the definitions of the cave encounter rate and the linear karst rate have obvious defects, the present invention proposes the concept of effective linear karst rate and a karst development degree evaluation method for correcting the score based on the influencing factors of the karst structure development degree.

[0007] The above information disclosed in this Background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the background of the present disclosure and therefore it may contain information that does not constitute the prior art that is already known to one of ordinary skill in the art. Summary of the invention

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for scoring and evaluating the degree of karst structure development. By providing a method for evaluating the degree of karst development in a mountain, the degree of karst development in the mountain can be determined relatively accurately. Based on the effective linear dissolution rate and the density of encountered caves, while taking into account the influence of the scale of water flow and the influence of water head, the degree of karst development in the mountain can be evaluated. At the same time, the evaluation method has moderate technical difficulty and strong operability, so as to solve the problems in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0009] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for scoring and evaluating the degree of karst structure development, comprising the following steps:

[0010] S101, obtaining basic evaluation parameters and revised evaluation parameters for karst structure development, wherein the basic evaluation parameters include effective linear dissolution rate and cavity density;

[0011] S102, performing a basic evaluation on the karst development degree based on basic evaluation parameters to obtain an initial evaluation result;

[0012] S103, performing a correction evaluation on the karst development degree based on the correction evaluation parameters to obtain the final evaluation result of the target, wherein the correction evaluation parameters include the maximum spring flow in the region, the water flow impact scale, the water outlet density, the water head height difference, the internal filling state and the water head dissipation time;

[0013] S104, based on the maximum spring flow, obtain a spring flow correction coefficient K1 from the spring flow correction coefficient table;

[0014] S105, obtaining a hydrological correction coefficient K2 based on the water flow impact scale and the water outlet density;

[0015] S106, classifying the internal filling state into three types: soft and tight, hard and loose, and hard and tight, and obtaining the internal filling correction coefficient K3 by corresponding to the water head height difference. When the filling state cannot be well determined, measuring the water head dissipation time, and obtaining the water head dissipation coefficient K4 by corresponding to the water head height difference;

[0016] S107. Determine a final score of the karst development degree, and obtain an evaluation of the karst development degree from the corresponding karst development degree table.

[0017] Preferably, the process of evaluating the basic karst development degree based on the basic evaluation parameters to obtain the initial karst development degree evaluation result includes:

[0018] A basic scoring table for karst regional development is preset, and the evaluation is conducted based on the effective linear dissolution rate and the density of encountered caves to obtain an initial evaluation score for the degree of karst development.

[0019] Preferably, the effective linear dissolution rate is determined by the formula, which is expressed as: L E =p / R,L E represents the effective linear dissolution rate, p represents the length of the caves and cracks encountered by the borehole, and R represents the effective length of the borehole through the soluble rock;

[0020] The effective length of a borehole passing through soluble rock refers to the total length of the borehole passing through the soluble rock minus the length of the borehole exceeding 20m and without any karst caves or cracks, among which the length of karst caves and karst cracks is the sum of the drilling footage of the visible caves.

[0021] Preferably, the karst development degree is evaluated based on the scored scores to obtain an initial karst development degree grade;

[0022] The hole density is determined by the formula, which is expressed as: h =N / A,ρ h The density of holes encountered, N represents the number of holes drilled, and A represents the area where the drilling is carried out.

[0023] Preferably, the water flow impact scale is calculated by the formula, which is expressed as: s =s / w,w s It represents the scale of water flow impact, s represents the maximum spacing between water outlets, and w represents the width of the slope.

[0024] Preferably, the outlet density is calculated by the formula, ρ w =N w / s,ρ w Outlet density, N w Indicates the number of water outlets, and s indicates the maximum distance between water outlets.

[0025] Preferably, according to formula w s =s / w to calculate the impact of water flow, according to the formula ρ w =N w / s to calculate the outlet density.

[0026] Preferably, the karst development degree evaluation value is calculated according to the formula evaluation value = (K1+K2+K3) × karst development degree score value. When the filling condition cannot be well determined, the formula evaluation value = (K1+K2+K4) × karst development degree score value is used for evaluation.

[0027] In the above technical solution, the technical effects and advantages provided by the present invention are:

[0028] The present invention provides a method for evaluating the karst development degree of a mountain, which can relatively accurately determine the karst development degree of a mountain. Based on the effective linear dissolution rate and the density of encountered caves, while taking into account the influence of the water flow impact scale and the water head, the karst development degree of a mountain can be evaluated. At the same time, the evaluation method has moderate technical difficulty and strong operability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0030] Figure 1 The figure is a schematic diagram of a rating parameter system of a method for scoring and evaluating the degree of karst structure development according to the present invention.

[0031] Figure 2 The present invention is a schematic diagram of the evaluation method flow of a method for scoring and evaluating the degree of karst structure development. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] Example embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, example embodiments can be implemented in a variety of forms and should not be construed as limited to the examples set forth herein; rather, these example embodiments are provided so that the description of the present disclosure will be more comprehensive and complete, and the concept of the example embodiments will be fully conveyed to those skilled in the art.

[0033] The present invention provides Figure 1 and Figure 2 A method for scoring and evaluating the degree of karst structure development shown in the figure comprises the following steps:

[0034] S101, obtaining basic evaluation parameters and revised evaluation parameters for karst structure development, wherein the basic evaluation parameters include effective linear dissolution rate and cavity density;

[0035] The process of evaluating the basic karst development degree based on the above basic evaluation parameters and obtaining the initial karst development degree evaluation results includes:

[0036] A basic scoring table for karst regional development is preset, and the evaluation is based on the effective linear dissolution rate and the density of encountered caves to obtain the initial karst development degree evaluation score;

[0037] The effective linear dissolution rate is determined by the formula: L E =p / R,L E represents the effective linear dissolution rate, p represents the length of the caves and cracks encountered by the borehole, and R represents the effective length of the borehole through the soluble rock;

[0038] The effective length of the borehole through soluble rock refers to the total length of the borehole through soluble rock minus the length of the borehole that exceeds 20m and does not contain karst cracks or caves;

[0039] The length of caves and cracks is the sum of the drilling footage of caves and cracks, and the effective length is also obtained from the drilling footage.

[0040] The karst development degree is evaluated based on the scores, and the initial karst development degree grade is obtained;

[0041] The hole density is determined by the formula, which is expressed as: h =N / A,ρ h Hole density, N represents the number of holes drilled, A represents the area of ​​drilling, where the number of holes drilled is obtained through drilling data statistics;

[0042] According to the above-mentioned effective linear dissolution rate and the density of the caves in the survey area, the karst development degree score is obtained by comparing with Appendix 1;

[0043] Appendix 1 Basic scoring table for karst regional development

[0044]

[0045] S102, performing a basic evaluation on the karst development degree based on basic evaluation parameters to obtain an initial evaluation result;

[0046] S103, performing a correction evaluation on the karst development degree based on the correction evaluation parameters to obtain the final evaluation result of the target, wherein the correction evaluation parameters include the maximum spring flow in the region, the water flow impact scale, the water outlet density, the water head height difference, the internal filling state and the water head dissipation time;

[0047] The scale of water flow impact can be calculated by the formula: s =s / w,w s It indicates the scale of water flow impact, s indicates the maximum spacing of water outlets, and w indicates the width of the slope;

[0048] The water outlet and slope width are obtained through field measurement or drone measurement, and can be adjusted according to the actual situation, so no specific limitation is made here;

[0049] The outlet density can be calculated using the formula, ρ w =N w / s,ρ w Outlet density, N w Indicates the number of water outlets, s indicates the maximum distance between water outlets;

[0050] The number of water outlets is obtained through field observation or drone measurement and can be adjusted according to the actual situation, so no specific limitation is made here;

[0051] S104, based on the maximum spring flow, the spring flow correction coefficient K1 can be obtained from the spring flow correction coefficient table;

[0052] By measuring the average value of the maximum spring flow rate (L / s) in the area, the spring flow correction coefficient K1 is determined according to Appendix 2;

[0053] Appendix 2 Spring Flow Correction Coefficient Table

[0054]

[0055] S105. The hydrological correction coefficient K2 can be obtained based on the water flow impact scale and the water outlet density;

[0056] According to the formula w s =s / w to calculate the impact of water flow, according to the formula ρ w =N w / s calculate the outlet density;

[0057] Determine the hydrological correction factor K2 according to Appendix 3;

[0058] Appendix 3 Hydrological Correction Coefficient Table

[0059]

[0060] S106, classifying the internal filling state into three types: soft and tight, hard and loose, and hard and tight, and obtaining the internal filling correction coefficient K3 by corresponding to the water head height difference, or measuring the water head dissipation time, and obtaining the water head dissipation coefficient K4 by corresponding to the water head height difference;

[0061] Determine the internal filling correction coefficient K3 according to the water head height difference, the hardness and accumulation degree of the internal filling in accordance with Appendix 4;

[0062] The filling conditions are divided into three types according to the field survey: soft filling, loose filling, and hard filling. If the filling state cannot be accurately described and defined, the evaluation is carried out by observing the dissipation time of the cavity water in the cavity. The water head dissipation correction coefficient K4 is determined by Appendix 5.

[0063] Appendix 4 Internal filling correction coefficient table

[0064]

[0065] Appendix 5 Head dissipation correction coefficient table

[0066]

[0067] S107, determining a final score of the karst development degree, and the evaluation of the karst development degree can be obtained according to the karst development degree table;

[0068] According to the formula evaluation value = (K1 + K2 + K3) × karst development degree score value, calculate the karst development degree evaluation value, and determine the karst development degree according to Appendix 6;

[0069] Appendix 6 Evaluation of karst development degree

[0070]

[0071] Evaluation value = (K1 + K2 + K3) × karst development degree score value. When the filling situation cannot be well determined, the formula evaluation value = (K1 + K2 + K4) × karst development degree score value is used for evaluation.

[0072] The above description is only by way of illustration of certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention. It is undoubted that those skilled in the art can modify the described embodiments in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the above drawings and descriptions are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for scoring and evaluating the degree of karst structure development, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S101, obtaining basic evaluation parameters and revised evaluation parameters for karst structure development, wherein the basic evaluation parameters include effective linear dissolution rate and cavity density; S102, performing a basic evaluation on the karst development degree based on basic evaluation parameters to obtain an initial evaluation result; S103, performing a correction evaluation on the karst development degree based on the correction evaluation parameters to obtain the final evaluation result of the target, wherein the correction evaluation parameters include the maximum spring flow in the region, the water flow impact scale, the water outlet density, the water head height difference, the internal filling state and the water head dissipation time; S104, based on the maximum spring flow, obtain a spring flow correction coefficient K1 from the spring flow correction coefficient table; S105, obtaining a hydrological correction coefficient K2 based on the water flow impact scale and the water outlet density; S106, classifying the internal filling state into three types: soft and tight, hard and loose, and hard and tight, and obtaining the internal filling correction coefficient K3 by corresponding to the water head height difference. When the filling state cannot be determined, measuring the water head dissipation time, and obtaining the water head dissipation coefficient K4 by corresponding to the water head height difference; S107, determining a final score of the karst development degree, and obtaining an evaluation of the karst development degree according to the karst development degree table; The process of conducting a basic evaluation of the karst development degree based on basic evaluation parameters and obtaining the initial evaluation results includes: A basic scoring table for karst regional development is preset, and the evaluation is based on the effective linear dissolution rate and the density of encountered caves to obtain the initial karst development degree evaluation score; The effective linear dissolution rate is determined by the formula: L E =p / R,L E represents the effective linear dissolution rate, p represents the length of the caves and cracks encountered by the borehole, and R represents the effective length of the borehole through the soluble rock; The effective length of the borehole through soluble rock refers to the total length of the borehole through soluble rock minus the length of the borehole that exceeds 20m and does not contain karst caves, among which the length of karst caves and karst cracks encountered in the borehole is the sum of the drilling footage of the holes encountered; The karst development degree is evaluated based on the scores, and the initial karst development degree grade is obtained; The hole density is determined by the formula, which is expressed as: h =N / A,ρ h represents the density of holes encountered, N represents the number of holes drilled, and A represents the area of ​​the drilling operation; The scale of water flow impact is calculated by the formula: w s =s / w, w s It indicates the scale of water flow impact, s indicates the maximum spacing of water outlets, and w indicates the width of the slope; The outlet density is calculated using the formula, ρ w =N w / s,ρ w Indicates the outlet density, N w Indicates the number of water outlets, s indicates the maximum distance between water outlets; According to the formula w s =s / w to calculate the impact of water flow, according to the formula ρ w =N w / s to calculate the outlet density.

2. A method for scoring and evaluating the degree of karst structure development according to claim 1, characterized in that: The karst development degree evaluation value is calculated according to the formula: karst development degree evaluation value = (K1+K2+K3) × karst development degree scoring value. When the filling situation cannot be determined, the formula evaluation value = (K1+K2+K4) × karst development degree scoring value is used for evaluation.

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