Windshield and car

Abstract

This embodiment provides a windshield and a car, wherein the windshield is used in conjunction with a laser radar system located inside the car, wherein the laser radar system transmits and / or receives P-polarized light to the windshield, wherein the wavelength λ of the P-polarized light is within the wavelength range of 800nm ​​to 1600nm. The windshield includes an outer layer of glass, an inner layer of glass, and an intermediate adhesive film, wherein the intermediate adhesive film is located between the outer layer of glass and the inner layer of glass. The windshield has a signal transmission area, wherein the P-polarized light is incident on the signal transmission area at an incident angle θ of 0.942rad to 1.222rad, wherein the signal transmission area has a transmittance greater than or equal to 83% for the incident P-polarized light, and wherein the signal transmission area has a relative tinting coefficient α(λ) less than or equal to 0.06 for the P-polarized light incident at the incident angle θ.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of automobile technology, and in particular to a windshield and an automobile. Background Art

[0002] As people's living standards continue to improve, cars are becoming more and more common. How to ensure car driving safety has become an important issue that needs to be addressed urgently. Currently, cars are often equipped with radar systems to assist drivers in driving safely. For example, according to the "Autonomous Driving Classification" standard, autonomous driving levels are divided into L0 (emergency assistance), L1 (partial driving assistance), L2 (combined driving assistance), L3 (conditional autonomous driving), L4 (highly autonomous driving), and L5 (fully autonomous driving). The current mainstream consensus in the industry is that vehicles above level L2 must be equipped with LiDAR.

[0003] The laser wavelengths emitted by the LiDAR used on vehicles are 905nm and 1550nm. The advantage of lasers is that they are focused so that they do not diverge over a very long distance. However, this makes it impossible to bypass obstacles and will be greatly disturbed in rainy, foggy, windy and sandy weather, or even unable to work. Therefore, it is necessary to fully integrate the LiDAR installed on the outside of the vehicle in the existing technology into the interior of the vehicle, especially to install it on the inner surface of the windshield. However, the lasers emitted and received by the LiDAR installed in the vehicle need to pass through the windshield. The wavelengths of 905nm and 1550nm both belong to the near-infrared band, but the existing windshield has a high blocking rate for near-infrared rays to improve the thermal comfort inside the vehicle. This makes the transmittance of the lasers with wavelengths of 905nm and 1550nm through the windshield low, which cannot meet the normal working requirements of the LiDAR. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The embodiments of the present application provide a windshield and a car to ensure the normal operation of the laser radar and improve the detection accuracy of the laser radar.

[0005] The present application provides a windshield installed on a car and used in conjunction with a laser radar system located inside the car, wherein the laser radar system is used to transmit and / or receive P-polarized light, and the wavelength λ of the P-polarized light is within the wavelength range of 800nm ​​to 1600nm. The windshield includes an outer layer of glass, an inner layer of glass, and an intermediate adhesive film, wherein the intermediate adhesive film is located between the outer layer of glass and the inner layer of glass. The windshield has a signal transmission area, and the P-polarized light is incident on the signal transmission area at an incident angle θ of 0.942rad to 1.222rad, and the signal transmission area has a transmittance greater than or equal to 83% for the incident P-polarized light, and the signal transmission area has a relative tinting coefficient α less than or equal to 0.06 for the P-polarized light incident at the incident angle θ.(λ) , where α (λ) =(TL (380nm-780nm) -TL (λ) ) / TL (380nm-780nm) .

[0006] TL (380nm-780nm) is the transmittance of the signal transmission area to P-polarized light in the wavelength range of 380nm-780nm, TL (λ) is the transmittance of the signal transmission area to P-polarized light of wavelength λ.

[0007] In one embodiment, the signal-transmitting region has a relative tinting coefficient less than or equal to 0.04 for P-polarized light incident at an incident angle of 0 rad.

[0008] In one embodiment, the wavelength of the P polarized light is λ=905 nm, and the relative tinting coefficient α (905nm) Less than or equal to 0.028.

[0009] In one embodiment, the relative shading coefficient α (905nm) The maximum rate of change K1 and the incident angle θ satisfy: K1 = 0.006*θ + 0.008.

[0010] In one embodiment, the wavelength of the P polarized light is λ=1550 nm, and the relative tinting coefficient α (1550nm) Less than or equal to 0.035.

[0011] In one embodiment, the relative shading coefficient α (1550nm) The maximum rate of change K2 and the incident angle θ satisfy: K2=0.02*θ+0.002.

[0012] In one embodiment, the windshield further includes a heat-insulating film or an electric heating film, and the heat-insulating film or the electric heating film is located between the outer layer of glass and the inner layer of glass, and the heat-insulating film or the electric heating film is not provided in the signal transmission area.

[0013] In one embodiment, the windshield including the thermal insulation film has a total solar transmittance less than or equal to 50%, and the windshield including the electric heating film has a total solar transmittance greater than or equal to 400 W / m 2 Heating power density.

[0014] In one embodiment, the intermediate adhesive film includes at least one of polyvinyl butyral, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, and an ionic intermediate film.

[0015] In one embodiment, the outer layer of glass and the inner layer of glass are both ultra-transparent glass, the total iron content of the ultra-transparent glass is less than or equal to 0.015% wt, and the visible light transmittance of the ultra-transparent glass is greater than or equal to 91%.

[0016] In one embodiment, the intermediate adhesive film is provided with a first through hole corresponding to the signal transmission area, and the first through hole is not filled with other materials or is filled with infrared high-transmittance material, and the infrared high-transmittance material includes at least one of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer, polycarbonate and polymethyl methacrylate.

[0017] In one embodiment, the signal-transmitting region has a relative tinting coefficient less than or equal to 0.02 for P-polarized light incident at an incident angle of 0 rad.

[0018] In one embodiment, the outer layer of glass is transparent glass or extra-transparent glass, the inner layer of glass is transparent glass or tinted glass, and the inner layer of glass is provided with a second through hole corresponding to the signal transmission area; the total iron content of the transparent glass is less than or equal to 0.08%, and the visible light transmittance of the transparent glass is greater than or equal to 88%; the total iron content of the extra-transparent glass is less than or equal to 0.015%wt, and the visible light transmittance of the extra-transparent glass is greater than or equal to 91%; the total iron content of the tinted glass is greater than or equal to 0.5%wt, and the visible light transmittance of the tinted glass is greater than 70%.

[0019] In one embodiment, the intermediate adhesive film is provided with a first through hole corresponding to the signal transmission area, and the first through hole is not filled with other materials or is filled with infrared high-transmittance material, and the infrared high-transmittance material includes at least one of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer, polycarbonate and polymethyl methacrylate.

[0020] In one embodiment, the central axes of the first through hole and the second through hole coincide with each other, and the distance between the hole wall of the second through hole and the hole wall of the first through hole is b, where -1mm≤b≤2mm.

[0021] In one embodiment, the wavelength of the P polarized light is λ=905 nm, and the relative tinting coefficient α (905nm) Less than or equal to 0.05.

[0022] In one embodiment, the relative shading coefficient α (905nm) The maximum rate of change K3 and the incident angle θ satisfy: K3 = 0.015*θ + 0.0035.

[0023] In one embodiment, the wavelength of the P polarized light is λ=1550 nm, and the relative tinting coefficient α (1550nm)Less than or equal to 0.06.

[0024] In one embodiment, the relative shading coefficient α (1550nm) The maximum rate of change K4 and the incident angle θ satisfy: K4 = 0.028*θ-0.001.

[0025] The present application also provides a car, comprising a laser radar system and any one of the above-described windshields, wherein the laser radar system is located inside the car and is used to emit the P-polarized light to the windshield.

[0026] In the automobile shown in the embodiment of this application, the LiDAR system is installed inside the vehicle. By designing the structure and materials of the windshield, the windshield's absorption and reflection attenuation of P-polarized light are reduced, ensuring high transmittance of P-polarized light and avoiding any impact on the LiDAR system's operating efficiency. This not only ensures the LiDAR system's detection range and normal operation, improving its detection accuracy, but also maintains the vehicle's aesthetics. Furthermore, the vehicle's inherent windshield wiper system can be used to assist in cleaning the windshield, improving the transparency of the LiDAR system's detection light path. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

[0028] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a car provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the path of P-polarized light when the LiDAR system in the car is working;

[0030] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a front windshield according to an embodiment is shown;

[0031] Figure 4 is a transmittance spectrum curve of P-polarized light in the signal transmission area of ​​the windshield used in Example 1 at different incident angles, where the wavelength of the P-polarized light is in the range of 380 nm to 780 nm;

[0032] Figure 5: is a transmittance spectrum curve of P-polarized light in the signal transmission area of ​​the windshield used in Example 1 at different incident angles, where the wavelength of the P-polarized light is in the range of 800 nm to 1600 nm;

[0033] Figure 6 yes Figure 1 A schematic cross-sectional view of a front windshield according to another embodiment is shown;

[0034] Figure 7 : is a P-polarized light transmittance spectrum curve of the signal transmission area in the windshield used in Example 4 and Example 6 at different incident angles, where the wavelength of the P-polarized light is in the range of 380 nm to 780 nm;

[0035] Figure 8 These are the P-polarized light transmittance spectral curves of the signal transmission area in the windshield used in Examples 4 and 6 at different incident angles, where the wavelength of the P-polarized light is in the range of 800 nm to 1600 nm. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The embodiments of the present application will be described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application.

[0037] See also Figure 1 , Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a car provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0038] The embodiment of the present application provides a car 100, which includes a windshield 110 and a laser radar system 120. The laser radar system 120 is located inside the car 100. Specifically, the laser radar system 120 is installed inside the car 100. For example, the laser radar system 120 can be installed near the interior rearview mirror (not shown) of the car 100, can be installed on the interior surface of the windshield 110, or can be installed on the body frame. The laser radar system 120 includes a laser transmitter and a receiver. The laser transmitter is used to emit a laser for detection in the direction of the windshield 110. The laser passes through the windshield 110 to detect the target object. The target object can reflect part of the laser. The part of the laser reflected by the target object then passes through the windshield 110 and is received by the receiver. The laser emitted by the laser transmitter is P-polarized light that has undergone polarization processing. The P-polarized light is near-infrared light, and the wavelength of the P-polarized light is between 800nm ​​and 1600nm. For example, the wavelength of the P-polarized light may be 850 nm, 905 nm, 1060 nm, or 1550 nm.

[0039] In addition, the field of view angle of the laser transmitter is between -60 degrees and 60 degrees in the horizontal direction and between -15 degrees and 10 degrees in the vertical direction. The angle between the center laser of the laser transmitter and the horizontal plane is between 0 degrees and 30 degrees.

[0040] See also Figure 2 , Figure 2 yes Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the path of P polarized light when the laser radar system 120 in the car is working is shown. Figure 2 The straight line with a solid arrow is the path of P polarized light.

[0041] The P-polarized light emitted by the laser transmitter in the lidar system 120 passes through the windshield 110 and reaches the target object 200. The target object partially reflects the P-polarized light. The reflected P-polarized light passes through the windshield 110 and returns to the lidar system 120 to be received by the receiver. The lidar system 120 thereby obtains spatial information such as the distance and direction between the target object 200 and the car 100, thereby effectively assisting the driver in driving the vehicle safely.

[0042] In this embodiment, the windshield 110 is in the shape of an arc plate and has an inclination angle α. The angle of incidence (AOI) θ of the P-polarized light is between 54 degrees and 70 degrees, that is, the angle of incidence θ of the P-polarized light is between 0.942 rad and 1.222 rad. The angle of incidence θ of the P-polarized light is the angle between the P-polarized light and the normal O at the point of incidence. Exemplarily, the inclination angle α of the windshield 110 and the angle of incidence θ are approximately complementary, that is, the sum of α and θ is approximately 90 degrees, that is, the sum of α and θ is approximately 1.57 rad.

[0043] See also Figure 3 , Figure 3 yes Figure 1 The cross-sectional structure diagram of the windshield 110 in one embodiment is shown.

[0044] The windshield 110 has a signal transmission area 111, through which P-polarized light passes through the windshield 110. In this embodiment, the transmittance of the signal transmission area 111 for P-polarized light is greater than or equal to 83%. The relative tinting coefficient α of the signal transmission area 111 for P-polarized light incident at an incident angle θ is (λ) Less than or equal to 0.06. (λ) =(TL (380nm～780nm) -TL (λ) ) / TL (380nm～780nm) λ is the wavelength of P polarized light, TL (λ) is the transmittance of the signal transmission area 111 to the P polarized light with a wavelength of λ, TL(380nm-780nm) is the visible light transmittance of the signal transmission region 111 to P-polarized light with a wavelength in the range of 380 nm to 780 nm, TL (380nm-780nm) It can be calculated according to ISO 9050. In addition, the relative tinting coefficient of the signal transmission region 111 for P-polarized light incident at an incident angle of 0 rad is less than or equal to 0.04.

[0045] In this embodiment, the windshield 110 includes an outer glass 10, an inner glass 20, a thermal insulation film 30, and an intermediate adhesive film 40. The outer glass 10 and the inner glass 20 are disposed opposite each other and spaced apart. The thermal insulation film 30 and the intermediate adhesive film 40 are both located between the outer glass 10 and the inner glass 20. The thermal insulation film 30 is located on the surface of the outer glass 10 facing the inner glass 20, and the intermediate adhesive film 40 covers the thermal insulation film 30. The outer glass 10 is the component of the windshield 110 facing the exterior of the vehicle 100, and the inner glass 20 is the component of the windshield 110 facing the interior of the vehicle 100.

[0046] The outer layer of glass 10 and the inner layer of glass 20 are both ultra-transparent glass. The total iron content (measured in Fe2O3) of the ultra-transparent glass is less than or equal to 0.015%wt, and the visible light transmittance of the ultra-transparent glass is greater than or equal to 91%, so as to ensure the visible light transmittance of the windshield 110. It should be noted that the iron ions of the ultra-transparent glass exist in the form of ferric oxide (Fe2O3) and iron oxide (FeO). Among them, the thickness of the outer layer of glass 10 and the inner layer of glass 20 are both less than or equal to 2.3mm, so as to ensure the overall strength of the windshield 110 without increasing the weight of the car 100. In addition, the thickness of the outer layer of glass 10 may be greater than or equal to the thickness of the inner layer of glass 20, so as to ensure the outer strength of the windshield 110.

[0047] The thermal insulation film 30 is made of a low-emissivity material. For example, the thermal insulation film 30 can be made of fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), in which case the thermal insulation film 30 can be formed on the surface of the outer glass 10 by online deposition of the fluorine-doped tin oxide. Alternatively, the thermal insulation film 30 can be made of indium tin oxide (ITO), in which case the thermal insulation film 30 can be formed on the surface of the outer glass 10 by offline deposition of the indium tin oxide. Alternatively, the thermal insulation film can be made of a silver-based low-emissivity (LOW-E) material, in which case the thermal insulation film 30 can be formed on the surface of the outer glass 10 by offline deposition of the silver-based low-emissivity material.

[0048] The thickness of the thermal insulation film 30 is between 100 nm and 500 nm. The total transition solar transmittance (TTS) of the thermal insulation film 30 is less than or equal to 50%, thereby reducing heat transfer between the interior and exterior of the vehicle 100 and ensuring the heat insulation effect of the windshield 110. The visible light transmittance of the thermal insulation film 30 is greater than or equal to 70%, ensuring the visible light transmittance of the windshield 110.

[0049] In this embodiment, the signal transmission area 111 is not provided with a thermal insulation film 30. Specifically, the thermal insulation film 30 is provided with a light-through hole 301 corresponding to the signal transmission area 111, and the light-through hole 301 penetrates the thermal insulation film 30 along the thickness direction of the thermal insulation film 30. Exemplarily, after the thermal insulation film 30 is deposited and formed, the portion of the thermal insulation film 30 corresponding to the signal transmission area 111 can be removed by laser engraving, or the thermal insulation film 30 can be deposited and formed by a masking mask, so that the light-through hole 301 is formed at the same time as the thermal insulation film 30 is formed. The diameter of the light-through hole 301 can be equal to or greater than the diameter of the signal transmission area 111. It is understandable that since the thickness of the thermal insulation film 30 is at the nanometer level, the light-through hole 301 may not be visible to the naked eye.

[0050] In some other embodiments, the windshield 110 includes an electric heating film (not shown), and the signal transmission area 111 is not provided with an electric heating film. In this case, the windshield 110 including the electric heating film has a power greater than or equal to 400W / m 2 Heating power density.

[0051] The intermediate adhesive film 40 is bonded between the outer glass 10 and the inner glass 20 to facilitate assembly between the outer glass 10 and the inner glass 20. For example, the intermediate adhesive film 40 may fill the light-through hole 301. In this embodiment, the thickness of the intermediate adhesive film 40 is between 0.38 mm and 1.52 mm.

[0052] In this embodiment, the intermediate adhesive film 40 comprises at least one of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, and an ionic intermediate film. Specifically, the intermediate adhesive film 40 is provided with a first through hole (not shown) corresponding to the signal transmission area 111. The first through hole can be filled with a highly infrared-transmitting material. The highly infrared-transmitting material includes at least one of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer (POE), polycarbonate (PC), and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). In other embodiments, the first through hole may not be filled with other materials.

[0053] In one embodiment, the intermediate adhesive film 40 includes a light-transmitting portion 41 and an adhesive portion 42. The light-transmitting portion 41 corresponds to the signal-transmitting area 111 and the light-transmitting hole 301 and is made of the high-infrared-transmittance material described above. The adhesive portion 42 is made of at least one of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer, polycarbonate, and polymethyl methacrylate. It should be noted that the light-transmitting portion 41 corresponds to the light-transmitting hole 301 in that its orthographic projection on the thermal insulation film 30 overlaps the light-transmitting hole 301.

[0054] When the laser transmitter of the lidar system 120 emits P-polarized light toward the windshield 110, the P-polarized light passes through the signal-transmitting region 111 and is emitted into the external environment. Specifically, the P-polarized light enters the inner glass 20, sequentially passes through the light-transmitting portion 41 of the intermediate adhesive film 40 and the light-transmitting hole 301 of the thermal insulation film 30, and then exits from the outer glass 10. Therefore, it can be seen that the material of the light-transmitting portion 41 of the intermediate adhesive film 40 can affect the transmittance of P-polarized light in the signal-transmitting region 111 of the windshield 110.

[0055] In one embodiment, the wavelength of the P-polarized light emitted by the laser emitter of the laser radar system 120 is 905 nm. The light-transmitting portion 41 is made of polyvinyl butyral. The light-transmitting portion 41 and the adhesive portion 42 can be integrally formed. In this embodiment, when the incident angle θ of the P-polarized light is between 0.942 rad and 1.222 rad, the relative tinting coefficient of the signal transmission area 111 for the P-polarized light with a wavelength of 905 nm is α (905nm) , α (905nm) When the incident angle θ of the P polarized light is 0 rad, that is, when the P polarized light is vertically incident, the relative tinting coefficient α of the signal transmission area 111 to the P polarized light with a wavelength of 905 nm is (905nm) Less than or equal to 0.02.

[0056] It can be seen from this that the relative coloring coefficient α of the signal transmission area 111 for P polarized light with a wavelength of λ is (λ) The smaller the value, the higher the transmittance of the signal transmission area 111 to the P polarized light with a wavelength of λ. In this embodiment, at different incident angles, the relative tinting coefficient α of the signal transmission area 111 to the P polarized light with a wavelength of 905 nm is (905nm) Therefore, the transmittance of the signal transmission area 111 to P-polarized light with a wavelength of 905 nm is relatively high, which can meet the working and detection distance requirements of the laser radar system 120.

[0057] In addition, the relative coloring coefficient α of the signal transmission area 111 for P-polarized light with a wavelength of 905 nm is (905nm)The maximum rate of change for different incident angles θ is K1, K1 = 0.006*θ + 0.008. The incident angle θ is between 0.942 rad and 1.222 rad. Therefore, K1 is less than or equal to 0.0153. In other words, the relative tinting coefficient α of the signal transmission region 111 for P-polarized light with a wavelength of 905 nm is (905nm) The rate of change of the incident angle θ is relatively small, and the dependence of the P-polarized light on the incident angle θ is relatively small, which is beneficial to improving the incident angle adaptability of the P-polarized light within a predetermined angle range, thereby helping to improve the detection accuracy of the lidar system 120.

[0058] Next, taking Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 as examples, the transmittance of the signal transmission area 111 of the windshield 110 shown in this embodiment to P-polarized light with a wavelength of 905 nm was tested. The test results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0059] In the windshield 110 used in Comparative Example 1, the outer glass 10 and the inner glass 20 are both ordinary transparent glass sheets, each having a thickness of 2.1 mm. The intermediate adhesive film 40 is made of polyvinyl butyral and has a thickness of 0.76 mm. Under normal incidence of P-polarized light, the relative tinting coefficient α of the signal-transmitting region 111 of the windshield 110 shown in Comparative Example 1 for P-polarized light with a wavelength of 905 nm is: (905nm) It is 0.1421.

[0060] In the windshield 110 used in Example 1, the outer glass 10 and the inner glass 20 are both ultra-clear glass sheets, each having a thickness of 2.1 mm. The intermediate adhesive film 40 is made of polyvinyl butyral and has a thickness of 0.76 mm. Under normal incidence of P-polarized light, the relative tinting coefficient α of the signal-transmitting region 111 of the windshield 110 shown in Example 1 for P-polarized light with a wavelength of 905 nm is: (905nm) It is 0.0152.

[0061] Table 1: Transmittance of the signal transmission area of ​​the windshield used in Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 to P-polarized light with a wavelength of 905 nm

[0062]

[0063] In Table 1 above, the evaluation criteria are that a P-polarized light transmittance of less than 83% is considered negative (NG), a P-polarized light transmittance greater than or equal to 83% and less than 90% is considered good (OK), and a P-polarized light transmittance greater than or equal to 90% is considered excellent (GOOD). It should be understood that conventional LiDAR systems require a P-polarized light transmittance of at least 83%, or even 90%.

[0064] As can be seen from Table 1, the transmittance of the windshield 110 used in Example 1 for P-polarized light with a wavelength of 905 nm is better than that of the windshield 110 used in Comparative Example 1. In other words, using ultra-clear glass for both the outer glass 10 and the inner glass 20 is more conducive to improving the transmittance of the windshield 110 for P-polarized light with a wavelength of 905 nm.

[0065] See also Figure 4 and Figure 5 , Figure 4 1 is a P-polarized light transmittance spectrum curve of the signal transmission area in the windshield used in Example 1 at different incident angles. The wavelength of the P-polarized light is in the range of 380 nm to 780 nm. Figure 5 1 is a spectral curve of the transmittance of P-polarized light at different incident angles in the signal transmission area of ​​the windshield used in Example 1. The wavelength of the P-polarized light is in the range of 800 nm to 1600 nm. Figure 4 and Figure 5 In the graph, the abscissa is the wavelength of P-polarized light, the ordinate is the transmittance of P-polarized light, and the incident angles are 0 rad, 0.942 rad, 1.047 rad, and 1.222 rad, respectively.

[0066] from Figure 5 It can be seen that within the wavelength range of 800nm ​​to 1600nm for P-polarized light, the transmittance of the signal transmission area 111 of the windshield 110 used in Comparative Example 1 to P-polarized light is generally below 80%, while the transmittance of the signal transmission area 111 of the windshield 110 used in Example 1 to P-polarized light is generally above 83%, and the transmittance in some wavelength bands is between 90% and 95%. Preferably, the relative tinting coefficient α (905nm) The maximum change rate K1 of the relative tinting coefficient is less than or equal to 0.025, and the maximum change rate K1 of the relative tinting coefficient is less than or equal to 0.012. Therefore, it can be seen that using ultra-clear glass for both the outer glass 10 and the inner glass 20 is more conducive to improving the transmittance of the signal transmission area 111 in the windshield 110 to P polarized light.

[0067] In another embodiment, the wavelength of the P-polarized light emitted by the laser emitter of the lidar system 120 is 1550 nm. The infrared high-transmittance material used in the light-transmitting portion 41 includes at least one of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer, polycarbonate and polymethyl methacrylate. In some other embodiments, the adhesive portion 42 can also be made of the same material as the light-transmitting portion 41, and the adhesive portion 42 and the light-transmitting portion 41 are integrally formed. In this embodiment, when the incident angle θ of the P-polarized light is between 0.942 rad and 1.222 rad, the relative tinting coefficient of the signal transmission area 111 for the P-polarized light with a wavelength of 1550 nm is α (1550nm) , α (1550nm) When the incident angle θ of the P polarized light is 0 rad, that is, when the P polarized light is vertically incident, the relative tinting coefficient α of the signal transmission area 111 to the P polarized light with a wavelength of 1550 nm is (1550nm) Less than or equal to 0.02.

[0068] In this embodiment, at different incident angles, the relative tinting coefficient of the signal transmission area 111 for P-polarized light with a wavelength of 1550 nm is α (1550nm) The transmittance of the signal transmission area 111 to P-polarized light with a wavelength of 1550 nm is relatively high, which can meet the working and detection distance requirements of the laser radar system 120.

[0069] In addition, the relative coloring coefficient α of the signal transmission area 111 for P-polarized light with a wavelength of 1550 nm is (1550) The maximum rate of change for different incident angles θ is K2, where K2 = 0.02*θ + 0.002. The incident angle θ is between 0.942 rad and 1.222 rad. Therefore, K2 is less than or equal to 0.0264. In other words, the relative tinting coefficient α of the signal transmission region 111 for P-polarized light with a wavelength of 1550 nm is (1550nm) The rate of change of the incident angle θ at different angles is small, and the P-polarized light is less dependent on the angle of the incident angle θ, which is beneficial to improving the adaptability of the incident angle of P-polarized light within a predetermined angle range, thereby helping to improve the detection accuracy of the lidar system 120.

[0070] Next, taking Comparative Example 2 and Example 2 as examples, the transmittance of the signal transmission area 111 of the windshield 110 shown in this embodiment to P-polarized light with a wavelength of 1550 nm was tested. The test results are shown in Table 2 below.

[0071] In the windshield 110 used in Comparative Example 2, the outer glass 10 and the inner glass 20 are both ordinary transparent glass sheets, each having a thickness of 2.1 mm. The intermediate adhesive film 40 is made of polyvinyl butyral and has a thickness of 0.76 mm. Under normal incidence of P-polarized light, the relative tinting coefficient α of the signal-transmitting region 111 of the windshield 110 shown in Comparative Example 2 for P-polarized light with a wavelength of 1550 nm is: (1550nm) It is 0.1361.

[0072] In the windshield 110 used in Example 2, the outer glass 10 and the inner glass 20 are both ultra-clear glass sheets, each having a thickness of 2.1 mm. The light-transmitting portion 41 of the intermediate adhesive film 40 is made of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, and the thickness of the intermediate adhesive film 40 is 0.76 mm. The relative tinting coefficient α of the signal-transmitting region 111 of the windshield 110 used in Example 2 for P-polarized light with a wavelength of 1550 nm under normal incidence is: (1550nm) It is 0.0178.

[0073] Table 2: Transmittance of the signal transmission area of ​​the windshield used in Comparative Example 2 and Example 2 for P-polarized light with a wavelength of 1550nm

[0074]

[0075] In Table 2 above, the evaluation criteria are that the transmittance of P-polarized light is less than 83% is negative (NG), the transmittance of P-polarized light is greater than or equal to 83% and less than 90% is good (OK), and the transmittance of P-polarized light is greater than or equal to 90% is excellent (GOOD).

[0076] As shown in Table 2, the windshield 110 used in Example 2 has a better transmittance for P-polarized light with a wavelength of 1550 nm than the windshield 110 used in Comparative Example 2. In other words, using ultra-clear glass for both the outer glass 10 and the inner glass 20, and using ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer for the light-transmitting portion 41 of the intermediate adhesive film 40, is more conducive to improving the transmittance of the windshield 110 for P-polarized light with a wavelength of 1550 nm.

[0077] As can be seen from Table 2, when the wavelength of P-polarized light is 1550 nm, the transmittance of the signal-transmitting area 111 of the windshield 110 used in Comparative Example 2 to P-polarized light is generally below 80%, while the transmittance of the signal-transmitting area 111 of the windshield 110 used in Example 2 to P-polarized light is generally above 83%, and the transmittance in some wavelength bands is between 90% and 95%. Preferably, the relative tinting coefficient α (1550nm)The maximum change rate K2 of the relative tinting coefficient is less than or equal to 0.026, and the maximum change rate K2 of the relative tinting coefficient is less than or equal to 0.022. Therefore, it can be seen that using ultra-clear glass for both the outer glass 10 and the inner glass 20 and using ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer for the light-transmitting portion 41 of the intermediate adhesive film 40 is more conducive to improving the transmittance of the signal-transmitting area 111 of the windshield 110 for P-polarized light.

[0078] See also Figure 6 , Figure 6 yes Figure 1 The cross-sectional structure diagram of the windshield 110 in another embodiment is shown.

[0079] The windshield 110 shown in this embodiment differs from the windshield 110 shown in the above embodiment in that the outer layer of glass 10 can be transparent glass or extra-transparent glass, and the inner layer of glass 20 can be transparent glass or tinted glass. The total iron content of the transparent glass is less than or equal to 0.08%wt, and the visible light transmittance of the transparent glass is greater than or equal to 88%, so as to ensure the visible light transmittance of the windshield 110. The total iron content of the extra-transparent glass is less than or equal to 0.015%wt, and the visible light transmittance of the extra-transparent glass is greater than or equal to 91%. The total iron content of the tinted glass is greater than or equal to 0.5%wt. The visible light transmittance of the tinted glass is greater than 70%.

[0080] In addition, the intermediate adhesive film 40 is provided with a first through hole 401, which corresponds to the signal transmission area 111 and is connected to the light through hole 301. No other material is filled in the first through hole 401. The inner diameter of the first through hole 401 is smaller than that of the light through hole 301 to prevent the thermal insulation film 30 from being exposed to air, protecting the thermal insulation film 30 and preventing the silver ions in the thermal insulation film 30 from reacting with air, thereby ensuring the thermal insulation effect of the thermal insulation film 30. The central axis of the first through hole 401 coincides with the central axis of the light through hole 301. The distance a between the hole wall of the first through hole 401 and the hole wall of the light through hole 301 is greater than or equal to 3 mm.

[0081] In some other embodiments, the first through hole 401 may also be filled with a high infrared transmittance material, where the high infrared transmittance material includes at least one of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer, polycarbonate, and polymethyl methacrylate.

[0082] The inner glass layer 20 has a second through hole 201, which communicates with the first through hole 401. The central axis of the second through hole 201 coincides with the central axis of the first through hole 401. The distance b between the wall of the second through hole 201 and the wall of the first through hole 401 is greater than or equal to -1 mm and less than or equal to 2 mm, and the sum of a and b is greater than or equal to 3 mm.

[0083] When the laser transmitter of the lidar system 120 emits P-polarized light toward the windshield 110, the P-polarized light enters through the second through-hole 201 of the inner glass 20, passes through the first through-hole 401 of the intermediate adhesive film 40 and the light-through hole 301 of the thermal insulation film 30, and then exits through the outer glass 10. This indicates that the material of the outer glass 10 can affect the transmittance of P-polarized light in the signal-transmitting area 111 of the windshield 110.

[0084] In one embodiment, the wavelength of the P-polarized light emitted by the laser emitter of the laser radar system 120 is 905 nm. In this embodiment, when the incident angle θ of the P-polarized light is between 0.942 rad and 1.222 rad, the relative tinting coefficient α of the signal transmission area 111 for the P-polarized light with a wavelength of 905 nm is (905nm) When the incident angle θ of the P polarized light is 0 rad, that is, when the P polarized light is vertically incident, the relative tinting coefficient α of the signal transmission area 111 to the P polarized light with a wavelength of 905 nm is (905nm) It can be seen that in this embodiment, at different incident angles, the relative tinting coefficient α of the signal transmission area 111 for P polarized light with a wavelength of 905 nm is (905nm) Therefore, the transmittance of the signal transmission area 111 to P-polarized light with a wavelength of 905 nm is relatively high, which can meet the working and detection distance requirements of the laser radar system 120.

[0085] In addition, the relative coloring coefficient α of the signal transmission area 111 for P-polarized light with a wavelength of 905 nm is (905nm) The maximum rate of change for different incident angles θ is K3, where K3 = 0.015*θ + 0.0035. The incident angle θ is between 0.942 rad and 1.222 rad. Therefore, K3 is less than or equal to 0.0218. In other words, the relative tinting coefficient α of the signal transmission region 111 for P-polarized light with a wavelength of 905 nm is (905nm) The rate of change of the incident angles θ is relatively small, and the dependence of the P-polarized light on the incident angle is relatively small, which is conducive to improving the incident angle adaptability of the P-polarized light within a predetermined angle range.

[0086] Next, taking Example 3 and Example 4 as examples, the transmittance of the signal transmission area 111 of the windshield 110 shown in this embodiment to P-polarized light with a wavelength of 905 nm was tested. The test results are shown in Table 3 below.

[0087] In the windshield 110 used in Example 3, the outer glass 10 is transparent glass. In the windshield 110 used in Example 4, the outer glass 10 is ultra-clear glass, and the thickness of the outer glass 10 is 2.1 mm. Under normal incidence of P-polarized light, the relative tinting coefficient α of the signal-transmitting area 111 of the windshield 110 shown in Example 3 for P-polarized light with a wavelength of 905 nm is (905nm) The relative tinting coefficient α of the signal transmission area 111 of the windshield 110 shown in Example 4 for P-polarized light with a wavelength of 905 nm is 0.0369. (905nm) It is 0.0045.

[0088] Table 3: Transmittance of the signal transmission area of ​​the windshield used in Examples 3 and 4 to P-polarized light with a wavelength of 905 nm

[0089]

[0090] In Table 3 above, the evaluation criteria are that the transmittance of P-polarized light is less than 83% is considered negative (NG), the transmittance of P-polarized light is greater than or equal to 83% and less than 90% is considered good (OK), and the transmittance of P-polarized light is greater than or equal to 90% is considered excellent (GOOD).

[0091] As can be seen from Table 3, the transmittance of the windshield 110 used in Examples 3 and 4 to P-polarized light with a wavelength of 905 nm is above 85%, or even above 95%. (905nm) is less than or equal to 0.049, and the maximum change rate K3 of the relative coloring coefficient is less than or equal to 0.018. More preferably, the relative coloring coefficient α (905nm) is less than or equal to 0.01, and the maximum change rate K3 of the relative tinting coefficient is less than or equal to 0.015. Compared with Comparative Example 2, the design of the first through hole 401 and the second through hole 201 in Examples 3 and 4 is conducive to improving the transmittance of the windshield 110 to P-polarized light with a wavelength of 905 nm.

[0092] In another embodiment, the wavelength of the P-polarized light emitted by the laser emitter of the laser radar system 120 is 1550 nm. When the incident angle θ of the P-polarized light is between 0.942 rad and 1.222 rad, the relative tinting coefficient of the signal transmission area 111 for the P-polarized light with a wavelength of 1550 nm is α (1550nm) , α (1550nm) When the incident angle θ of the P polarized light is 0 rad, that is, when the P polarized light is vertically incident, the relative tinting coefficient α of the signal transmission area 111 to the P polarized light with a wavelength of 1550 nm is (1550nm)Less than or equal to 0.04.

[0093] In this embodiment, at different incident angles, the relative tinting coefficient of the signal transmission area 111 for P polarized light with a wavelength of 1550 nm is α (1550nm) The transmittance of the signal transmission area 111 to P-polarized light with a wavelength of 1550 nm is relatively high, which can meet the working and detection distance requirements of the laser radar system 120.

[0094] In addition, the relative coloring coefficient α of the signal transmission area 111 for P-polarized light with a wavelength of 1550 nm is (1550nm) The maximum rate of change for different incident angles θ is K4, where K4 = 0.028*θ - 0.001. The incident angle θ is between 0.942 rad and 1.222 rad. Therefore, K4 is less than or equal to 0.0332. In other words, the relative tinting coefficient α of the signal transmission region 111 for P-polarized light with a wavelength of 1550 nm is (1550nm) The rate of change of the incident angles θ is relatively small, and the dependence of the P-polarized light on the incident angle is relatively small, which is beneficial to improving the adaptability of the incident angle of the P-polarized light within a predetermined angle range, thereby helping to improve the detection accuracy of the lidar system 120.

[0095] Next, using Examples 5 and 6 as examples, the transmittance of the signal-transmitting region 111 of the windshield 110 of this embodiment for P-polarized light with a wavelength of 1550 nm was tested. The test results are shown in Table 4 below. The outer glass 10 of Example 5 is clear glass, while the outer glass 10 of Example 6 is extra-clear glass. Under normal incidence of P-polarized light, the relative tinting coefficient α of the signal-transmitting region 111 of the windshield 110 of Example 5 for P-polarized light with a wavelength of 1550 nm is: (1550nm) Under vertical incidence of P polarized light, the relative tinting coefficient α of the signal transmission area 111 in the windshield 110 shown in Example 6 for P polarized light with a wavelength of 1550 nm is (1550nm) It is 0.0006.

[0096] Table 4: Transmittance of the signal transmission area of ​​the windshield used in Examples 5 and 6 for P-polarized light with a wavelength of 1550 nm

[0097]

[0098] In Table 4 above, the evaluation criteria are that the transmittance of P-polarized light is less than 83% as negative (NG), the transmittance of P-polarized light is greater than or equal to 83% and less than 90% as good (OK), and the transmittance of P-polarized light is greater than or equal to 90% as excellent (GOOD).

[0099] As can be seen from Table 4, the transmittance of the windshield 110 used in Examples 5 and 6 to P-polarized light with a wavelength of 1550 nm is above 83%, or even above 95%. (1550nm) is less than or equal to 0.055, and the maximum change rate K4 of the relative coloring coefficient is less than or equal to 0.03. More preferably, the relative coloring coefficient α (1550nm) is less than or equal to 0.01, and the maximum change rate K4 of the relative tinting coefficient is less than or equal to 0.022. Compared with Comparative Example 2, the design of the first through hole 401 and the second through hole 201 in Examples 5 and 6 is conducive to improving the transmittance of the windshield 110 to P-polarized light with a wavelength of 1550 nm.

[0100] See also Figure 7 and Figure 8 , Figure 7 These are the P-polarized light transmittance spectral curves of the signal transmission area in the windshield used in Examples 4 and 6 at different incident angles, and the wavelength of the P-polarized light is in the range of 380 nm to 780 nm. Figure 8 Figure 3 shows the transmittance spectra of P-polarized light at different incident angles in the signal transmission area of ​​the windshield used in Examples 4 and 6. The wavelength of the P-polarized light is in the range of 800 nm to 1600 nm. The horizontal axis represents the wavelength of the P-polarized light, and the vertical axis represents the transmittance of the P-polarized light. The incident angles are 0 rad, 0.942 rad, 1.047 rad, and 1.222 rad, respectively.

[0101] from Figure 8 It can be seen that within the wavelength range of 800nm ​​to 1600nm for P-polarized light, the transmittance of the signal-transmitting region 111 in the windshield 110 used in Examples 4 and 6 for P-polarized light is generally above 88%, and even above 95%. This indicates that the design of the first through-hole 401 and the second through-hole 201 in the windshield 110 facilitates improving the transmittance of the windshield 110 for P-polarized light with wavelengths of 905nm and 1550nm at incident angles of 0rad, 0.942rad, 1.047rad, and 1.222rad.

[0102] In the vehicle 100 shown in the embodiment of the present application, a LiDAR system 120 is installed inside the vehicle 100. By designing the structure and materials of the windshield 110, the absorption and reflection attenuation of P-polarized light by the windshield 110 are reduced, ensuring high transmittance of P-polarized light by the windshield 110 and avoiding any impact on the operating efficiency of the LiDAR system 120. This not only ensures the detection range of the LiDAR system 120, but also ensures the aesthetics of the vehicle. Furthermore, the inherent wiper system of the vehicle 100 can be used to assist in cleaning the windshield 110, improving the transparency of the detection light path of the LiDAR system 120.

[0103] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present application, but the scope of protection of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included in the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A windshield installed on a car and used in conjunction with a laser radar system located inside the car, the windshield comprising an outer layer of glass, an inner layer of glass, and an intermediate adhesive film, wherein the intermediate adhesive film is located between the outer layer of glass and the inner layer of glass, characterized in that: The laser radar system is used to transmit and / or receive P-polarized light, wherein the wavelength λ of the P-polarized light is within the wavelength range of 800nm ​​to 1600nm; The windshield has a signal transmission area, the P-polarized light is incident on the signal transmission area at an incident angle θ of 0.942 rad to 1.222 rad, the signal transmission area has a transmittance greater than or equal to 83% for the incident P-polarized light, and the signal transmission area has a relative tinting coefficient α less than or equal to 0.06 for the P-polarized light incident at the incident angle θ. (λ) , where α (λ) =(TL (380nm-780nm) -TL (λ) ) / TL (380nm-780nm) ; TL (380nm-780nm) is the transmittance of the signal transmission area to P-polarized light in the wavelength range of 380nm-780nm, TL (λ) is the transmittance of the signal transmission area to P-polarized light of wavelength λ.

2. The windshield according to claim 1, characterized in that: The signal-transmitting region has a relative tinting coefficient of less than or equal to 0.04 for P-polarized light incident at an incident angle of 0 rad.

3. The windshield according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wavelength of the P polarized light is λ=905 nm, and the relative coloring coefficient is α (905nm) Less than or equal to 0.

028.

4. The windshield according to claim 3, characterized in that: The relative tinting coefficient α (905nm) The maximum rate of change K1 and the incident angle θ satisfy: K1 = 0.006*θ + 0.

008.

5. The windshield according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wavelength of the P polarized light is λ=1550nm, and the relative coloring coefficient is α (1550nm) Less than or equal to 0.

035.

6. The windshield according to claim 5, characterized in that: The relative tinting coefficient α (1550nm) The maximum rate of change K2 and the incident angle θ satisfy: K2=0.02*θ+0.

002.

7. The windshield according to claim 1, characterized in that: The windshield further includes a heat-insulating film or an electric heating film, which is located between the outer layer of glass and the inner layer of glass. The signal transmission area is not provided with the heat-insulating film or the electric heating film.

8. The windshield according to claim 7, characterized in that: The windshield including the heat-insulating film has a total solar transmittance less than or equal to 50%, and the windshield including the electric heating film has a total solar transmittance greater than or equal to 400 W / m 2 Heating power density.

9. The windshield according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intermediate adhesive film includes at least one of polyvinyl butyral, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and an ionic intermediate film.

10. The windshield according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The outer layer of glass and the inner layer of glass are both ultra-transparent glass, the total iron content of the ultra-transparent glass is less than or equal to 0.015%wt, and the visible light transmittance of the ultra-transparent glass is greater than or equal to 91%.

11. The windshield according to claim 10, characterized in that: The intermediate adhesive film is provided with a first through hole corresponding to the signal transmission area. The first through hole is not filled with other materials or is filled with infrared high-transmittance material. The infrared high-transmittance material includes at least one of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer, polycarbonate and polymethyl methacrylate.

12. The windshield according to claim 10, characterized in that: The signal-transmitting region has a relative tinting coefficient of less than or equal to 0.02 for P-polarized light incident at an incident angle of 0 rad.

13. The windshield according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The outer layer of glass is transparent glass or extra-transparent glass, the inner layer of glass is transparent glass or tinted glass, and the inner layer of glass is provided with a second through hole corresponding to the signal transmission area; the total iron content of the transparent glass is less than or equal to 0.08%, and the visible light transmittance of the transparent glass is greater than or equal to 88%; the total iron content of the extra-transparent glass is less than or equal to 0.015%wt, and the visible light transmittance of the extra-transparent glass is greater than or equal to 91%; the total iron content of the tinted glass is greater than or equal to 0.5%wt, and the visible light transmittance of the tinted glass is greater than 70%.

14. The windshield according to claim 13, characterized in that: The intermediate adhesive film is provided with a first through hole corresponding to the signal transmission area. The first through hole is not filled with other materials or is filled with infrared high-transmittance material. The infrared high-transmittance material includes at least one of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer, polycarbonate and polymethyl methacrylate.

15. The windshield according to claim 14, characterized in that: The central axes of the first through hole and the second through hole coincide with each other, and the distance between the hole wall of the second through hole and the hole wall of the first through hole is b, where -1mm≤b≤2mm.

16. The windshield according to claim 13, characterized in that: The wavelength of the P polarized light is λ=905 nm, and the relative coloring coefficient is α (905nm) Less than or equal to 0.

05.

17. The windshield according to claim 16, characterized in that: The relative tinting coefficient α (905nm) The maximum rate of change K3 and the incident angle θ satisfy: K3 = 0.015*θ + 0.0035.

18. The windshield according to claim 13, characterized in that: The wavelength of the P polarized light is λ=1550nm, and the relative coloring coefficient is α (1550nm) Less than or equal to 0.

06.

19. The windshield according to claim 18, characterized in that: The maximum change rate K4 of the relative shading coefficient α (1550) and the incident angle θ satisfy: K4 = 0.028*θ-0.

001.

20. An automobile, characterized in that: The vehicle comprises a laser radar system and a windshield as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 19, wherein the laser radar system is located inside the vehicle and is used to transmit and / or receive the P-polarized light.

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