A TBM

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of tunneling equipment, and particularly provides a TBM. The TBM comprises a front shield provided with a cutter head, an extensible shield and a support shield. The extensible shield comprises an extensible inner shield and an extensible outer shield. One of the extensible outer shield and the extensible inner shield is connected with the front shield and can move synchronously with the front shield. The other of the extensible outer shield and the extensible inner shield is connected with the support shield and can move synchronously with the support shield. The support shield is provided with a support shoe for supporting a tunnel wall. The support shield is further connected with a step-changing driving device for driving the support shield to change steps. A propelling oil cylinder is arranged between the front shield and the support shield. An anchor net and jet support system is connected with the rear part of the support shield. The anchor net and jet support system comprises an anchor rod drilling machine, an arch assembling machine and a jet grouting machine. The application can ensure the supporting effect without needing to configure a tail shield. The overall length of the shield body is relatively short, and the flexibility of the anchor net and jet support system is better than that of a segment assembling machine. Therefore, the application can realize the tunneling of a small-radius-turn tunnel in a broken surrounding rock geological condition.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of tunneling equipment, and particularly relates to a TBM. BACKGROUND

[0002] TBM construction equipment has the advantages of fast tunneling speed, safety, environmental protection, high forming quality and the like, and is widely used in the fields of railways, municipal transportation, water conservancy projects and the like. In recent years, with continuous improvement of construction methods, TBM has also begun to be popularized and applied in the fields of mine tunnels, pumped storage power stations and the like.

[0003] Unlike traditional water conservancy, railway and the like projects, the caverns in the fields of pumped storage power stations, mine tunnels and the like generally have the characteristics of small turning radius (R≤150m), large longitudinal slope and continuous turning, which puts forward higher requirements on the flexibility of TBM.

[0004] Traditional TBM mainly includes three kinds of open TBM, single shield TBM and double shield TBM. The open TBM includes two kinds of main machines of main beam type and Kay type, the main machine is provided with a support shield, and the whole machine is also provided with a shotcrete and anchor support system, which can control the turning radius in a smaller range, but the support effect is poor, and it is difficult to be used for tunneling in broken surrounding rock strata. The main machine of the single shield TBM and the double shield TBM has good support effect, but the size of the rear segment assembling system is long, which includes a segment assembling machine, a segment transportation system and the like, and a tail shield for sealing cooperation with the segment also needs to be configured, and the flexibility of the whole machine is poor, and it is difficult to adapt to small turning radius tunnel projects.

[0005] Based on the above analysis, it can be known that the TBM in the prior art is difficult to simultaneously meet the tunneling of small turning radius tunnels in broken surrounding rock strata. SUMMARY

[0006] The purpose of the present application is to provide a TBM to solve the technical problem that the TBM in the prior art is difficult to simultaneously meet the tunneling of small turning radius tunnels in broken surrounding rock strata.

[0007] To achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the TBM provided by the present application is as follows:

[0008] A TBM, comprising a front shield provided with a cutter head, an extensible shield and a support shield, the extensible shield comprising an extensible inner shield and an extensible outer shield, one of the extensible outer shield and the extensible outer shield is connected with the front shield and can move synchronously with the front shield, the other of the extensible inner shield and the extensible outer shield is connected with the support shield and can move synchronously with the support shield, the support shield is provided with a support shoe for supporting the tunnel wall, and the support shield is also connected with a step-changing driving device for driving the step-changing advance of the support shield, a propelling oil cylinder is arranged between the front shield and the support shield, an anchor net and shotcrete support system is connected to the rear part of the support shield, and the anchor net and shotcrete support system comprises an anchor rod drilling machine, an arch assembling machine and a shotcreting machine.

[0009] The beneficial effect is that the application provides a combined new TBM. When advancing, the support shield supports the tunnel wall to provide counter thrust for the forward shield and cutterhead to advance, and during the advancing, the telescopic inner shield and the telescopic outer shield are relatively telescopic to always play a stable supporting role. After advancing a stroke, the step-changing driving device pulls the support shield and the anchor net and shotcrete supporting system connected to the rear of the support shield to advance. At the same time, the anchor net and shotcrete supporting system can support at the rear to play a stable supporting role. Compared with the double-shield TBM in the prior art, the application does not need to configure a tail shield for grouting in cooperation with segment sealing, the overall length of the shield body is shorter, and the flexibility of the anchor net and shotcrete supporting system is better than that of the segment erector. Based on this, the application realizes the advancing of a small-radius-turn tunnel in broken surrounding rock geology.

[0010] As a further improvement, the support shield is connected with a support beam, and at least one of the anchor rod drilling machine, the arch erector and the shotcreting machine is installed on the support beam.

[0011] The beneficial effect is that the connection structure is simplified, and at the same time, the anchor net and shotcrete supporting system is arranged close to the support shield to play a better supporting effect.

[0012] As a further improvement, the support beam is hinged to the support shield, and the hinge axis extends in the up-down direction.

[0013] The beneficial effect is that the support beam can rotate relative to the support shield, so that the support beam is more flexible when turning, and the turning ability of the TBM is further improved.

[0014] As a further improvement, the rear of the support beam is connected with a rear matching system, the rear matching system includes at least two rear matching trailers connected in front and rear, and the shotcreting machine is arranged on the rear matching trailer to form a shotcreting trailer.

[0015] The beneficial effect is that the shotcreting machine is arranged on the independent trailer as an independent shotcreting trailer, so that the support beam does not need to reserve a position for arranging the shotcreting machine, avoiding the size of the support beam being too long and improving the turning flexibility.

[0016] As a further improvement, an equipment trailer is connected between the rear matching trailer provided with the shotcreting machine and the support beam, and at least one of a hydraulic pump station and an electric control cabinet is arranged on the equipment trailer.

[0017] The beneficial effect is that the hydraulic pump station and / or the electric control cabinet can be arranged close to the front-end main machine to reduce the pipeline arrangement length.

[0018] As a further improvement, the support beam is provided with an arch assembling machine and an anchor rod drilling machine, and the arch assembling machine and the anchor rod drilling machine are both provided with a walking mechanism capable of moving forward and backward along the support beam, and the walking mechanisms of the two are capable of moving along the same walking channel on the support beam.

[0019] The beneficial effect is that the arch assembling machine and the anchor rod drilling machine are arranged on the support beam, which can effectively ensure the continuity of arch assembling and anchor rod operation, and the efficiency is relatively high. At the same time, the arch assembling machine and the anchor rod drilling machine can move forward and backward, which expands the coverage range of a single anchor rod drilling machine and arch assembling machine, and only one needs to be arranged, and the two move along the same channel, which can simplify the structure of the support beam, better control the size of the support beam, and improve the steering flexibility.

[0020] As a further improvement, the support shield is integrated with a storage bin for storing at least one of the steel mesh and the steel bar row.

[0021] The beneficial effect is that the storage bin is arranged in the space of the support shield, which facilitates the movement of the steel mesh or the steel bar row to the top of the tunnel for successful positioning, and the efficiency is relatively high.

[0022] As a further improvement, the TBM includes a rear matching system, the rear matching system includes at least two rear matching trailers connected in front and back, the at least two trailers are connected through a pin shaft, one of the trailers is provided with an upper ear plate and a lower ear plate for mounting the pin shaft, the other trailer is provided with a connecting piece, the connecting piece is provided with a connecting hole for the pin shaft to pass through, the size of the connecting hole is greater than the diameter of the pin shaft, and the distance between the upper ear plate and the lower ear plate is greater than the thickness of the connecting piece in the vertical direction.

[0023] The beneficial effect is that a certain longitudinal displacement between the two adjacent trailers can be ensured for a tunnel project with a large slope.

[0024] As a further improvement, the cutter head and the front shield are eccentrically arranged, and the center of rotation of the cutter head is higher than the center axis of the front shield.

[0025] The beneficial effect is that a certain distance between the front shield and the tunnel wall excavated by the cutter head is ensured, which is convenient for steering.

[0026] As a further improvement, the outer diameter of the support shield is smaller than the outer diameter of the front shield.

[0027] The beneficial effect is that a structure of large front and small back is formed, which can also improve the steering flexibility. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 is a structural schematic view of the TBM embodiment 1 in the application;

[0029] Figure 2 is Figure 1 a local enlarged view of the main machine part in the application.

[0030] Figure 3 For Figure 2 The schematic diagram of the size relationship of each shield in the application;

[0031] Figure 4 For Figure 1 The local enlarged view of the connection position of the support shield and the support beam in the application;

[0032] Figure 5 The schematic diagram of the connection relationship of the support shield and the support beam in the embodiment 2 of the application;

[0033] Figure 6 For Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the connection relationship of the two adjacent rear supporting trailers in the application;

[0034] Figure 7 For Figure 6 The schematic diagram of the two adjacent rear supporting trailers in the climbing state in the application.

[0035] Explanation of reference signs:

[0036] 1, main machine; 2, anchor net spray support system; 3, slag belt conveyor; 4, rear supporting trailer; 5, slag separating device; 6, rotary stack; 7, electric control cabinet; 8, hydraulic pump station; 101, cutter head; 102, front shield; 103, main drive; 104, pushing oil cylinder; 105, torque arm; 106, support shoe; 107, support shield; 108, hinged oil cylinder; 109, telescopic inner shield; 110, telescopic outer shield; 111, front shield stabilizer; 1071, steel bar row storage bin; 1072, steel mesh storage bin; 201, arch assembly machine; 202, anchor rod drill; 203, advance drill; 204, support beam; 205, hinged pin shaft; 206, guniting machine; 2041, walking channel; 401, trailer connecting piece; 402, ear plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The application will be further described in detail below in combination with the embodiments.

[0038] The specific embodiment 1 of the TBM provided by the application is as follows:

[0039] In order to meet the safe tunneling of small turning radius and broken surrounding rock geology, the embodiment provides a TBM with a double-shield main machine and an anchor net spray support system, and the overall structure can refer to Figure 1, including a host 1, an anchor net spray support system 2, a slag belt conveyor 3, a rear supporting trailer 4 and a slag separation and discharge system. In the process of tunneling, the anchor net spray support system 2 plays a supporting role, the slag belt conveyor 3 includes a host belt conveyor and a rear supporting belt conveyor, which plays a role of receiving the rock slag excavated by the host 1 and conveying the rock slag backward, the rear supporting trailer 4 is used for supporting various supporting equipment, and the slag separation and discharge system is used for receiving the rock slag of the slag belt conveyor 3 and conveying it outward.

[0040] The structure of the host 1 can be seen from Figure 2 , including a cutter head 101, a front shield 102, a telescopic shield and a supporting shield 107, the front shield 102 is provided with a main drive 103, and the cutter head 101 is in transmission connection with the main drive 103. The telescopic shield is connected between the supporting shield 107 and the front shield 102. Specifically, the telescopic shield includes a telescopic inner shield 109 and a telescopic outer shield 110, the telescopic inner shield 109 is connected with the supporting shield 107, and the telescopic outer shield 110 is connected with the front shield 102. A jacking oil cylinder 104 is arranged between the front shield 102 and the supporting shield 107, and the supporting shield 107 is provided with a supporting shoe 106. In the process of tunneling, the supporting shoe 106 is stretched out to support the tunnel wall, providing a counter thrust for the jacking oil cylinder 104, and the jacking oil cylinder 104 jacks the front shield 102 and the cutter head 101 to move forward together to realize rock breaking. The telescopic inner shield 109 and the supporting shield 107 are connected with a hinged oil cylinder 108, and the front shield 102 is further provided with a plurality of front shield stabilizers 111. In order to improve the torsional stability of the front shield 102, a torque arm 105 is further arranged between the front shield 102 and the supporting shield 107.

[0041] In the process of tunneling of the host 1, the supporting shoe 106 of the supporting shield 107 is stretched out to support the tunnel wall, the jacking oil cylinder 104 is stretched out to jacking the front shield 102 to move forward to break the rock. In this process, the telescopic outer shield 110 is pushed forward with the front shield 102 for one stroke, the hinged oil cylinder 108 can be kept in a retracted state, and at the same time, under the cooperation of the telescopic outer shield 110 and the telescopic inner shield 109, it can play a continuous and stable supporting role. In order to realize step-changing tunneling, the host 1 is further provided with a step-changing driving device capable of driving the supporting shield 107 and the structure behind the supporting shield 107 to move forward by one stroke. As an embodiment of the step-changing driving device, the two ends of the jacking oil cylinder 104 can be hinged to the front shield 102 and the supporting shield 107 respectively. After tunneling for one stroke, the front shield stabilizer 111 supports the tunnel wall, the supporting shoe 106 on the supporting shield 107 is retracted, the jacking oil cylinder 104 is retracted, and the supporting shield 107 and the equipment behind the supporting shield 107 are pulled forward by one stroke to realize step-changing.

[0042] It should be noted here that the specific form of connection between the telescopic outer shield 110 and the front shield 102 can be fixed connection. In some embodiments, the telescopic outer shield 110 can also be hinged to the front shield 102, and the synchronous movement of the telescopic outer shield 110 and the front shield 102 can be realized.

[0043] When the shield is accidentally stuck in the broken surrounding rock stratum, the articulated oil cylinder 108 can also be controlled to extend, opening the area between the telescopic inner shield 109 and the support shield 107, to facilitate manual slag removal.

[0044] For reference Figure 1 and Figure 4 , the anchor net and shotcrete support system 2 includes an anchor rod drilling machine 202, an arch assembly machine 201, and a shotcrete machine 206. The specific structure and working process of each part are prior art and will not be described in detail. When the main machine 1 advances, the net laying, arch assembly, anchor rod drilling, and shotcrete support operations can be carried out synchronously behind the support shield 107.

[0045] Compared with the open type TBM in the prior art, the embodiment has a stable support shield system, which can ensure the stability of the stratum during tunneling and is suitable for use in broken surrounding rock strata. Compared with the double shield TBM, the embodiment does not need to configure a tail shield for sealing cooperation with the segment, and the length of the main machine is shorter, which can better adapt to small turning radius tunnel projects.

[0046] Specifically, the support shield 107 is connected with a support beam 204, and the anchor rod drilling machine 202 and the arch assembly machine 201 are arranged on the support beam 204. At this time, the positions of the anchor rod drilling machine 202 and the arch assembly machine 201 can be arranged closer to the support shield 107, which can achieve better support effect.

[0047] In the embodiment, the anchor rod drilling machine 202 and the arch assembly machine 201 are both configured with a walking mechanism capable of moving forward and backward along the support beam 204, which can be a structure of a hydraulic cylinder pushing a walking wheel. At this time, a single machine can cover a certain distance of the tunnel. The support beam 204 is provided with a walking channel 2041 for the walking mechanism to walk, and the anchor rod drilling machine 202 and the arch assembly machine 201 share the same walking channel. At this time, the structure of the support beam 204 can be simplified, and the length of the support beam 204 can be shortened, thereby improving its adaptability to small turning radius tunnels.

[0048] In order to realize geological advanced exploration, the support beam 204 in the embodiment is also provided with an advanced drilling machine 203.

[0049] The shotcrete machine 206 is arranged on the rear matching trailer 4 of the rear matching system. Specifically, the support beam 204 is connected with at least two rear matching trailers 4 connected in front and back, and the shotcrete machine 206 is arranged on one of the rear matching trailers 4, forming a shotcrete trailer. At this time, a larger power shotcrete machine 206 can be independently carried, and the installation position of the shotcrete machine 206 does not need to be reserved on the support beam 204, which can better control the size of the support beam 204.

[0050] In addition, for reference Figure 1, the rear matching trailer connected between the rear matching trailer provided with the shotcrete machine 206 and the support beam 204 is used for placing the matching equipment, forming an equipment trailer. The electric control cabinet 7 and the hydraulic pump station 8 are arranged on the equipment trailer, and at this time, the electric control cabinet 7 and the hydraulic pump station 8 can be arranged close to the main machine 1, so as to shorten the distance of the connection line. Of course, in other embodiments, any one of the electric control cabinet 7 and the hydraulic pump station 8 can be placed on the equipment trailer, which can also play a role in shortening the distance of the electrical / hydraulic connection.

[0051] In order to improve the steering flexibility, in the embodiment, the cutter head 101 and the front shield 102 are arranged in a relative eccentric manner. As shown in Figure 3 , the position of the central axis a of the cutter head 101 is higher than the position of the central axis b of the front shield 102, so that a large distance between the outer ring surface of the front shield 102 and the tunnel wall after excavation of the cutter head 101 can be ensured, thereby facilitating steering. During tunneling, the front shield stabilizer can also press the tunnel wall with a small pressure, thereby playing a role in stabilizing the shield body.

[0052] Further, in the embodiment, the diameter of the support shield 107 is smaller than the diameter of the front shield 102, so that a shield body gradually decreasing from front to back is formed, which is also beneficial to steering of the shield body in a tunnel with a small steering radius.

[0053] In addition, referring to Figure 4 , the support shield 107 is further provided with a steel bar row storage bin 1071 and a steel mesh storage bin 1072. A certain length of steel bar row can be placed in the steel bar row storage bin 1071, and a certain length of steel mesh can be placed in the steel mesh storage bin 1072. During tunneling, the steel bar row or the steel mesh can be pulled back synchronously according to the requirement, thereby improving the supporting efficiency. Of course, in other embodiments, according to the supporting requirement, only one of the storage bins for storing the steel bar row or the steel mesh can be configured on the support shield 107.

[0054] Considering that the tunnel of some projects has a certain slope, in the embodiment, two adjacent rear matching trailers 4 are connected through an ear plate pin shaft structure. Specifically, referring to Figure 6 and Figure 7 , one of the two adjacent rear matching trailers 4 is provided with an ear plate 402, and the other trailer is provided with a trailer connecting piece 401. The ear plate 402 includes an upper ear plate and a lower ear plate, the trailer connecting piece 401 is provided with a connecting hole for connecting with the pin shaft, the pin shaft penetrates through the trailer connecting piece 401 and is limitedly matched with the ear plate 402. The size of the hole provided on the trailer connecting piece 401 is larger than the diameter of the pin shaft, and the distance between the upper ear plate and the lower ear plate is larger than the thickness of the trailer connecting piece 401 in the vertical direction. Specifically, the trailer connecting piece 401 can be a connecting plate or a connecting column.

[0055] In addition, regarding the slag discharge system, the embodiment is provided with a slag separation device 5 and a rotating stack 6, and at least two slag trucks are used to realize uninterrupted slag discharge, and the specific slag discharge process can refer to the slag discharge method provided in the patent document with the application publication number CN113898366A. Of course, in other embodiments, a multi-stage continuous belt conveyor can also be configured for slag discharge.

[0056] The specific embodiment 2 of the TBM provided by the application mainly differs from the embodiment 1 in that, as shown in Figure 5 The support beam 204 is connected to the support shield 107 through the hinge pin shaft 205, and the hinge axis extends in the vertical direction, so that the support beam 204 can rotate by a certain angle relative to the support shield, and the steering is more flexible.

[0057] The specific embodiment 3 of the TBM provided by the application mainly differs from the embodiment 1 in that, in the embodiment 1, the front shield is provided with a front shield stabilizer, and the telescopic inner shield and the support shield are connected through a hinge oil cylinder. In the embodiment, the front shield stabilizer can not be provided, and as one of the implementation manners of the step-changing driving device, a support shoe structure or a rear support structure can be arranged on the support beam, the support shoe structure or the rear support structure is in sliding cooperation with the support beam, and a step-changing oil cylinder is further connected between the support shoe structure or the rear support structure and the support beam. When the step needs to be changed, the support shoe structure or the rear support structure is tightened against the tunnel wall, and the step-changing oil cylinder pushes the support beam and the support shield to change the step by one stroke. In addition, in the embodiment, the telescopic inner shield can also be fixed on the support shield, and the telescopic inner shield and the support shield can be advanced synchronously.

[0058] The specific embodiment 4 of the TBM provided by the application mainly differs from the embodiment 1 in that, in the embodiment 1, the TBM includes a support beam, and the anchor rod drilling machine and the arch assembly machine are installed on the support beam. In the embodiment, the support beam can not be included, and independent trailers can be configured for each type of supporting device, and the front and rear trailers are connected in sequence, and can also play a supporting role.

[0059] The specific embodiment 5 of the TBM provided by the application mainly differs from the embodiment 1 in that, in the embodiment 1, the telescopic inner shield is connected with the support shield, and the telescopic outer shield is connected with the front shield. In the embodiment, the telescopic inner shield can be connected with the front shield, and the telescopic outer shield can be connected with the support shield.

[0060] The specific embodiment 6 of the TBM provided by the application mainly differs from the embodiment 1 in that, in the embodiment 1, the anchor rod drilling machine and the arch assembly machine are arranged on the support beam. In the embodiment, only one of the anchor rod drilling machine, the arch assembly machine and the guniting machine can be arranged on the support beam, and the other supporting devices are configured with independent trailers.

[0061] The specific embodiment 7 of the TBM provided by the present application is mainly different from the embodiment 1 in that the support shield is configured with the storage bin for storing the steel bar row and the steel bar net. In the present embodiment, the storage bin for storing the steel bar row and the steel bar net can not be configured on the support shield, and the transport vehicle for transporting the steel bar row and the steel bar net is independently configured.

[0062] The specific embodiment 8 of the TBM provided by the present application is mainly different from the embodiment 1 in that the cutter head and the front shield are eccentrically arranged in the embodiment 1, and the central axis of the cutter head is higher than the central axis of the front shield. In the present embodiment, the cutter head and the front shield can be coaxially arranged, and the overbreak cutter arranged on the cutter head can also ensure that the front shield and the tunnel wall have a certain distance.

[0063] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only the preferred embodiments of the present application, and is not intended to limit the present application. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments without creative labor, or replace some technical features with equivalent ones. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A TBM, characterized by, The shield tunneling machine comprises a front shield provided with a cutter head, an extensible shield and a support shield, the extensible shield comprises an extensible inner shield and an extensible outer shield, one of the extensible outer shield and the extensible inner shield is connected with the front shield and can move synchronously with the front shield, the other of the extensible outer shield and the extensible inner shield is connected with the support shield and can move synchronously with the support shield, the support shield is provided with support shoes for supporting the tunnel wall, and the support shield is further connected with a step-changing driving device for driving the support shield to change steps, a propelling cylinder is arranged between the front shield and the support shield, an anchor net and shotcrete support system is connected to the rear of the support shield, the anchor net and shotcrete support system comprises an anchor rod drilling machine, an arch assembling machine and a shotcreting machine, a support beam is hingedly connected to the rear of the support shield, the hinging axis extends in the up-down direction, a rear matching system is connected to the rear of the support beam, the rear matching system comprises at least two rear matching trailers connected in front and behind, the shotcreting machine is arranged on the rear matching trailer to form a shotcreting trailer, an equipment trailer is connected between the shotcreting trailer and the support beam, at least one of a hydraulic pump station and an electric control cabinet is arranged on the equipment trailer, the arch assembling machine and the anchor rod drilling machine are arranged on the support beam, the arch assembling machine and the anchor rod drilling machine are both provided with a walking mechanism capable of moving forward and backward along the support beam, and the walking mechanisms of the arch assembling machine and the anchor rod drilling machine can move along the same walking channel on the support beam, the at least two trailers are connected through a pin shaft, one of the trailers is provided with an upper ear plate and a lower ear plate for mounting the pin shaft, the other trailer is provided with a connecting piece, the connecting piece is provided with a connecting hole through which the pin shaft passes, the size of the connecting hole is greater than the diameter of the pin shaft, and the distance between the upper ear plate and the lower ear plate is greater than the thickness of the connecting piece in the vertical direction, the cutter head and the front shield are eccentrically arranged, the rotation center of the cutter head is higher than the central axis of the front shield, and the outer diameter of the support shield is smaller than the outer diameter of the front shield.

2. The TBM of claim 1, wherein, The support shield is integrated with a storage bin for storing at least one of a steel mesh and a steel bar row.

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