Telescopic arm forklift and attachment assembly and disassembly method

Abstract

The application provides a telescopic arm forklift and a tool mounting and dismounting method. The telescopic arm forklift comprises a quick-change device installed at the end of an arm frame and a tool installed on the quick-change device. The quick-change device comprises a mounting seat, a locking component arranged at the front end of the mounting seat, guide sleeves connected to the two sides of the mounting seat, a lead screw penetrating through the mounting seat, and a driving component. The two ends of the lead screw are provided with locking pins, and the driving component drives the lead screw to rotate so that the locking pins reciprocate in the guide sleeves. The tool is provided with a hanging lug connected with the guide sleeves through the locking pins. The quick-change device of the application has low manufacturing cost, light weight, strong compatibility, does not occupy the hydraulic interface reserved for the tool, reduces the hydraulic oil circuit, and is beneficial to the pipeline arrangement of the quick-change device and the arm frame.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of telescopic handler, in particular to a telescopic handler and a method for mounting and dismounting accessories. BACKGROUND

[0002] The telescopic handler is a hoisting and transporting equipment integrating functions of forking, shoveling, hoisting and man-carrying working platform, and is widely used in construction industry, agriculture, municipal administration and the like. A telescopic handler often needs to be equipped with multiple accessories, which are connected with the telescopic handler through quick-change devices. Therefore, the structure form of the quick-change device directly determines the quickness and convenience of mounting and dismounting the accessories.

[0003] At present, the accessory quick-change device of the telescopic handler mainly includes two types:

[0004] One is a mechanical quick-change device, such as the quick-change device of a forklift disclosed in Chinese Utility Model Patent Application Publication No. CN215479498U, which includes a first connecting part and a second connecting part. The first connecting part includes a receiving plate, which is provided with an open shaft hole on the upper side of the receiving plate and a first limiting pin hole on the lower side, which can install a limiting pin. The second connecting part includes a mounting plate, which includes a connecting shaft hole on the upper side of the mounting plate for installing a connecting shaft and a limiting hole on the lower side of the rear window. The open shaft hole can allow the connecting shaft to be placed transversely to the axial direction. The open shaft hole can limit the movement of the connecting shaft in the forward and backward directions and downward movement, and allow the connecting shaft to move upward. The limiting hole can allow the limiting pin to be placed in the window direction.

[0005] Chinese Utility Model Patent Application Publication No. CN218231746U discloses a quick-change device of a multifunctional forklift accessory, which includes a mounting frame and an accessory. The mounting frame is connected with a movable arm frame, and the movable arm frame is provided with a telescopic oil cylinder. The telescopic oil cylinder is connected with the mounting frame. The mounting frame is provided with a fixed pin shaft. The telescopic oil cylinder is used to drive the mounting frame to rotate around the fixed pin shaft. The mounting frame and the accessory are both provided with a first positioning pin hole and a second positioning pin hole. The first positioning pin holes are connected by a first positioning pin when they are connected, and the second positioning pin holes are connected by a second positioning pin when they are connected. One of the mounting frame and the accessory is provided with a hook positioning pin, and the other is provided with a hook hole.

[0006] Chinese utility model patent application publication number CN220033921U discloses an attachment quick-change device and a telescopic arm forklift, wherein the attachment quick-change device includes a mounting seat and two connecting plates, the mounting seat includes two vertically extending mounting plates and is provided with a first limiting hole, a second limiting hole and a limiting portion, the second limiting hole is located below the first limiting hole, the two connecting plates are installed at intervals on the rear side of the attachment and are parallel to the mounting plates, the connecting plates are provided with a first matching hole, a second matching hole and a stop portion, the first matching hole is connected to the first limiting hole by a first limiting shaft, the second matching hole is connected to the second limiting hole by a second limiting shaft, the first limiting shaft and the second limiting shaft together limit the attachment from flipping forward, and the stop portion and the limiting portion offset each other to limit the attachment from flipping backward.

[0007] However, when there is only one person in the cab, the driver needs to get out of the cab after operating the three mechanical quick-change devices and manually insert or pull out the locking pin from the pin hole to complete the disassembly and assembly of the attachment. This method has low working efficiency.

[0008] Another type of quick-change device is a hydraulic one. For example, Chinese utility model patent application publication number CN210031947U discloses an attachment quick-change device and its application in a telescopic forklift. The attachment quick-change device includes a fixed component, a guide component, and a locking component. The fixed component is hinged to the boom, and the guide component is fixedly connected to the fixed component. The locking component, guided by the guide component, locks or unlocks the attachment. The locking component includes a locking cylinder, a stepped sleeve, a stepped shaft, a locking pin, and an internal spring, and is positioned on the fixed component via a cylinder mounting bracket. This utility model utilizes guided surface-to-surface contact for force transmission. The locking cylinder piston rod no longer bears torque, and the locking pin rotates with the attachment, freeing the locking component from any force.

[0009] Chinese utility model patent application publication number CN203781767U discloses a quick-change bracket for forklift attachments. The bracket comprises a rectangular frame with a pair of lower fixing sleeves on each of the left and right sides of the rear lower end, and a pair of upper fixing sleeves on each of the left and right sides of the rear upper end. A double-acting cylinder is transversely mounted on the lower portion of the frame, with a quick-change latch mounted on each of the free ends of the piston rods on both the left and right ends of the double-acting cylinder. Quick-change latch sleeves are provided on each of the left and right sides of the frame to receive corresponding quick-change latches. At least one hook pin is transversely mounted on the top of the frame. The pair of lower fixing sleeves on the left and right sides of the frame are respectively hingedly connected to corresponding lugs at the front end of the forklift boom. The pair of upper fixing sleeves on the left and right sides of the frame are respectively hingedly connected to corresponding pull rods on the forklift. Two quick-change latches are respectively hingedly connected to corresponding lugs on the back of the quick-change attachment. The hook pins receive hooks on the left and right upper sides of the back of the quick-change attachment.

[0010] The two hydraulic quick-change devices mentioned above can control the insertion or removal of the locking pin through the oil cylinder, and the driver can complete the disassembly and assembly of the attachment in the cab. However, this quick-change device will occupy the reserved hydraulic connector of the attachment. If you want to install an attachment with a hydraulic system, you also need to unplug the hydraulic connector connected to the quick-change device and connect the hydraulic connector on the attachment, which is cumbersome. Summary of the Invention

[0011] The present invention aims to provide a telescopic arm forklift and an attachment assembly and disassembly method to solve the technical problem of poor compatibility of existing quick-change devices.

[0012] In order to solve the above technical problems, the specific technical solutions of the present invention are as follows:

[0013] A telescopic forklift truck includes a quick-change device installed at the end of an arm, and an attachment installed on the quick-change device. The quick-change device includes a mounting seat, the top of the mounting seat is connected to the end of the arm, the front end of the mounting seat is provided with a hanging shaft connected to the attachment, and the front end of the mounting seat is also provided with a locking component. The locking component includes a guide sleeve connected to both sides of the mounting seat, a screw rod passing through the mounting seat, and a driving component. Locking pins are provided at both ends of the screw rod. The driving component drives the screw rod to rotate so that the locking pin reciprocates in the guide sleeve.

[0014] The attachment is provided with a hanging ear and a hook, the hook is connected to the hanging shaft, and the hanging ear is connected to the guide sleeve through the locking pin.

[0015] Thus, the telescopic forklift quick-change device of the present invention, through its mounting base, hanging shaft, locking component, guide sleeve, screw, and drive component, enables rapid connection and locking of attachments, improving the efficiency of accessory replacement. Compared to existing quick-change devices, the present invention introduces a screw and drive component. This structural feature enables a single-operator operator to quickly connect and lock attachments from within the cab, resolving the issue of manual operation requiring the driver to leave the cab in mechanical devices. This improves operational convenience and efficiency.

[0016] Furthermore, a push plate is provided at the front end of the mounting seat, and a load-bearing plate that matches the push plate is provided on the attachment.

[0017] Furthermore, the guide sleeve and the hanging ear are both provided with pin holes, and the locking pin passes through the pin holes to connect the hanging ear with the guide sleeve.

[0018] Furthermore, the driving component is a stepping motor.

[0019] Furthermore, the guide sleeve is connected to the mounting seat through a sleeve, and the screw rod is arranged in the sleeve.

[0020] Furthermore, a window for connecting the interior of the sleeve with the outside is provided on the outer wall of the sleeve, and the window is sealed by a cover plate.

[0021] Furthermore, the driving component drives the locking pin to extend out of or retract into the end of the sleeve.

[0022] Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also provides a method for assembling and disassembling a telescopic forklift, which method comprises the following steps when assembling the telescopic forklift:

[0023] Step 1: The driver operates the telescopic forklift so that the hanging shaft is hooked by the hook;

[0024] Step 2: Flip the quick-change device upwards so that the pin hole on the guide sleeve is aligned with the pin hole on the mounting ear;

[0025] Step 3: The driving component drives the locking pin through the guide sleeve and the pin shaft hole on the hanging ear to complete the locking;

[0026] The method comprises the following steps when disassembling a telescopic forklift:

[0027] Step 1: The driving component drives the locking pin out of the guide sleeve and the pin shaft hole on the hanging ear, and the locking is canceled;

[0028] Step 2: Lower the attachment to the ground, lay it flat, and operate the quick-change device to flip it downward;

[0029] Step 3: Operate the boom downward to disengage the hanging shaft from the hook to complete the disassembly.

[0030] The telescopic forklift and assembly and disassembly method of the present invention have the following advantages:

[0031] 1) When using the telescopic forklift of the present invention, the driver can complete the installation and removal of the attachments and the quick-change device in the cab, which is simple and quick to operate.

[0032] 2) Compared with the hydraulic quick-change device, the telescopic forklift of the present invention is low in cost and light in weight, does not occupy the hydraulic interface reserved for the attachment, reduces the hydraulic oil circuit, and makes the pipeline layout of the quick-change device and the boom neater and more beautiful.

[0033] 3) Using worm gear transmission, the mechanism can achieve self-locking, will not accidentally loosen, and the connection is reliable. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of the quick-change device of the present invention from a first perspective;

[0035] Figure 2This is a schematic structural diagram of the quick-change device of the present invention from a second perspective;

[0036] Figure 3 An exploded view of the quick-change device of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the attachment structure of the present invention.

[0038] Explanation of the marks in the figure: 1. Quick-change device; 2. Hanging shaft; 3. Push plate; 4. Guide sleeve; 5. Drive component; 7. Worm gear reducer; 8. Screw; 9. Mounting plate; 10. First flange; 11. Second flange; 12. Connecting rod; 13. Locking pin; 14. Set screw; 15. Cover; 16. Accessory; 17. Hanging ear; 18. Bearing plate; 19. Hook; 20. Mounting seat; 21. Locking component; 22. Sleeve; 23. Window. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] In order to better understand the purpose, structure and function of the present invention, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0040] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, a telescopic forklift according to this embodiment includes a quick-change device 1 mounted at the end of a boom, and an attachment 16 mounted on the quick-change device 1. The quick-change device 1 includes a mounting base 20, the top end of which is connected to the end of the boom. A hanging shaft 2 for connecting to the attachment 16 is provided at the front end of the mounting base 20. A push plate 3 and a locking component 21 are also provided at the front end of the mounting base 20. The attachment 16 is provided with a load-bearing plate 18 that cooperates with the push plate 3. The locking component 21 includes guide sleeves 4 connected to both sides of the mounting base 20, a screw rod 8 extending through the mounting base 20, and a driving component 5. Specifically, the guide sleeves 4 are connected to the mounting base 20 via a sleeve 22. The screw rod 8 is disposed within the sleeve 22. The driving component 5 drives the locking pin 13 to extend or retract into the end of the sleeve 22. A window 23 is defined on the outer wall of the sleeve 22, connecting the interior of the sleeve 22 to the outside world. The window 23 is sealed by a cover 15. Locking pins 13 are provided at both ends of the screw rod 8. The drive component 5 drives the screw rod 8 to rotate, causing the locking pins 13 to reciprocate within the guide sleeve 4. Preferably, the drive component 5 is a stepper motor. The quick-change device of this embodiment is controlled by an electronic control system, using a stepper motor to control the insertion and removal of the locking pins.

[0041] like Figure 1 and Figure 4As shown, the attachment 16 is provided with a hanging ear 17 and a hook 19, the hook 19 is connected to the hanging shaft 2, and the hanging ear 17 is connected to the guide sleeve 4 through the locking pin 13. Specifically, the guide sleeve 4 and the hanging ear 17 are both provided with pin holes, and the locking pin 13 passes through the pin holes to connect the hanging ear 17 to the guide sleeve 4.

[0042] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the quick-change device 1 has a hanging shaft 2 at the top, a push plate 3 at the bottom front, and a stepper motor assembly mounted on the bottom rear. The stepper motor assembly is a detachable structure for easy installation and consists of a stepper motor, a worm gear reducer 7, and a screw 8. The use of the worm gear reducer 7 achieves self-locking of the mechanism. One end of the screw 8 is left-handed, and the other end is right-handed. The ends of the screw are screwed into a first flange 10 and a second flange 11, respectively, with the internal threads of the first and second flanges 10, 11 having opposite rotation directions. The first and second flanges 10, 11 are bolted to one end of the flange surface of a connecting rod 12, and the other end of the connecting rod 12 is connected to a locking pin 13 via a set screw 14. Guide sleeves 4 are mounted on both ends of the rear side of the quick-change device 1. The connecting rod and the limit pin are loosely connected to ensure that, under special circumstances, if the limit pin is subjected to external force, the external force will not be transmitted to the connecting rod.

[0043] The stepper motor assembly is bolted to the mounting plate 9, which is then bolted to the quick-change device 1. The cover plate 15 is bolted to the quick-change device 1 to prevent foreign matter from entering the sleeve 22 in the quick-change device 1 through the window 23.

[0044] The guide sleeve 4 has a pin hole in which the locking pin 13 slides. Two stepper motors are used to control the insertion and removal of the left and right limit pins. When the quick-change device 1 is assembled with the attachment, the force applied to the quick-change device 1 is applied to the hanging shaft 2 and the push plate 3. Under normal operating conditions, the locking pin 13 is not subjected to any force. If it is subjected to any force, the resulting bending moment will only be transmitted to the guide sleeve 4 and the rectangular tube of the quick-change device 1, not to the connecting rod 12, as the connecting rod 12 and the locking pin 13 are loosely connected.

[0045] A flange is welded to one end of the connecting rod 12 for connection to the first flange 10 or the second flange 11. A rectangular plate is welded in the middle. The outer dimensions of the rectangular plate are slightly smaller than the inner dimensions of the rectangular tube in the quick-change device 1. Therefore, the connecting rod 12 can slide within the rectangular tube. After being connected to the first flange 10 or the second flange 11, the first flange 10 and the second flange 11 can only move along the axis of the screw and cannot rotate on the screw. Therefore, when the stepper motor rotates, it drives the screw 8 to rotate through the worm gear reducer 7. The first flange 10 and the second flange 11 will move relative to or towards each other along the axis of the screw. At this time, the locking pin 13 connected to the connecting rod 12 will move within the pin shaft hole of the guide sleeve 4. Therefore, it is only necessary to control the forward and reverse rotation of the stepper motor to achieve the insertion or removal of the locking pin 13. As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the threaded screw transmission can be replaced with a ball screw transmission or other mechanism that can convert rotational motion into linear motion.

[0046] like Figure 4 Figure 1 shows the structure of an attachment bucket suitable for use with the quick-change device described in this embodiment. Two vertical plates with hooks 19 are welded to the rear of the bucket. A bent load-bearing plate 18 is welded between the two vertical plates. Two hanging ears 17 with pin holes are welded to the outside of the two vertical plates.

[0047] The assembly and disassembly steps of the attachment and quick-change device in this embodiment are as follows:

[0048] During assembly: the driver first operates the telescopic forklift so that the hanging shaft 2 is hooked by the hook 19, and then operates the quick-change device 1 to flip upward until the push plate 3 supports the load-bearing plate 18. At this time, the pin shaft hole on the guide sleeve 4 is aligned with the pin shaft hole on the attachment. Finally, the stepper motor is controlled to rotate, and the locking pin 13 is extended and passes through the pin shaft hole on the attachment to complete the locking.

[0049] During disassembly: the driver first controls the motor to rotate in the opposite direction, the locking pin 13 exits the pin shaft hole, the lock is canceled, and then the attachment is lowered to the ground and laid flat, and then the quick-change device 1 is operated to flip downward, the push plate 3 is away from the load-bearing plate 18, and finally the boom is operated to adjust the amplitude downward, the hanging shaft 2 is disengaged from the connection with the hook 19, and the disassembly is completed.

[0050] It will be understood that the present invention is described by way of some embodiments, and it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes or equivalent substitutions may be made to these features and embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. In addition, under the teachings of the present invention, these features and embodiments may be modified to adapt to specific circumstances and materials without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, and all embodiments falling within the scope of the claims of this application are intended to be protected by the present invention.

Claims

1. A telescopic forklift, comprising a quick-change device (1) mounted on an end of an arm, and an attachment (16) mounted on the quick-change device (1), characterized in that: The quick-change device (1) includes a mounting seat (20), the top end of the mounting seat (20) is connected to the end of the arm, and the front end of the mounting seat (20) is provided with a hanging shaft (2) connected to the attachment (16); The front end of the mounting seat (20) is further provided with a locking component (21), the locking component (21) comprising a guide sleeve (4) connected to both sides of the mounting seat (20), a screw rod (8) passing through the mounting seat (20), and a driving component (5); both ends of the screw rod (8) are provided with a locking pin (13), and the driving component (5) drives the screw rod (8) to rotate so that the locking pin (13) reciprocates in the guide sleeve (4); The attachment (16) is provided with a hanging ear (17) and a hook (19), the hook (19) is connected to the hanging shaft (2), and the hanging ear (17) is connected to the guide sleeve (4) via the locking pin (13); A push plate (3) is provided at the front end of the mounting seat (20), and a bearing plate (18) that matches the push plate (3) is provided on the attachment (16); The guide sleeve (4) is connected to the mounting seat (20) via a sleeve (22), and the screw rod (8) is arranged in the sleeve (22); The driving component (5) drives the locking pin (13) to extend out of or retract into the end of the sleeve (22).

2. The telescopic forklift according to claim 1, characterized in that The guide sleeve (4) and the hanging ear (17) are both provided with a pin hole, and the locking pin (13) passes through the pin hole to connect the hanging ear (17) and the guide sleeve (4).

3. The telescopic forklift according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving component (5) is a stepping motor.

4. The telescopic forklift according to claim 1, characterized in that: A window (23) for connecting the interior of the sleeve (22) with the outside is provided on the outer wall of the sleeve (22), and the window (23) is sealed by a cover plate (15).

5. A method for assembling and disassembling accessories of a telescopic forklift, characterized in that: The telescopic forklift comprises a quick-change device (1) mounted on the end of an arm, and an attachment (16) mounted on the quick-change device (1), wherein the quick-change device (1) comprises a mounting seat (20), the top end of the mounting seat (20) being connected to the end of the arm, and the front end of the mounting seat (20) being provided with a hanging shaft (2) connected to the attachment (16); The front end of the mounting seat (20) is further provided with a locking component (21), the locking component (21) comprising a guide sleeve (4) connected to both sides of the mounting seat (20), a screw rod (8) passing through the mounting seat (20), and a driving component (5); both ends of the screw rod (8) are provided with a locking pin (13), and the driving component (5) drives the screw rod (8) to rotate so that the locking pin (13) reciprocates in the guide sleeve (4); The attachment (16) is provided with a hanging ear (17) and a hook (19), the hook (19) is connected to the hanging shaft (2), and the hanging ear (17) is connected to the guide sleeve (4) via the locking pin (13); The assembly process includes the following steps: Step 1: The driver operates the telescopic forklift so that the hanging shaft (2) is hooked by the hook (19); Step 2: Operate the quick-change device (1) to flip upwards so that the pin hole on the guide sleeve (4) is aligned with the pin hole on the hanging ear (17); Step 3: The driving component (5) drives the locking pin (13) to pass through the pin holes on the guide sleeve (4) and the hanging ear (17) to complete the locking; Disassembly includes the following steps: Step 1: The driving component (5) drives the locking pin (13) to exit the pin shaft hole on the guide sleeve (4) and the hanging ear (17), and the locking is canceled; Step 2: Lower the attachment (16) to the ground, lay it flat, and operate the quick-change device (1) to flip it downward; Step 3: Operate the boom downward to disengage the hanging shaft (2) from the hook (19), completing the disassembly.

6. The method for assembling and disassembling accessories of a telescopic forklift according to claim 5, characterized in that: A push plate (3) is provided at the front end of the mounting seat (20), and a load-bearing plate (18) that matches the push plate (3) is provided on the attachment (16).

7. The method for assembling and disassembling accessories of a telescopic forklift according to claim 5, characterized in that: The guide sleeve (4) and the hanging ear (17) are both provided with a pin hole, and the locking pin (13) passes through the pin hole to connect the hanging ear (17) and the guide sleeve (4).

8. The method for assembling and disassembling accessories of a telescopic forklift according to claim 5, characterized in that: The driving component (5) is a stepping motor.

9. The method for assembling and disassembling accessories of a telescopic forklift according to claim 5, characterized in that: The guide sleeve (4) is connected to the mounting seat (20) via a sleeve (22), and the screw rod (8) is arranged in the sleeve (22).

10. The method for assembling and disassembling accessories of a telescopic forklift according to claim 9, characterized in that: A window (23) for connecting the interior of the sleeve (22) with the outside is provided on the outer wall of the sleeve (22), and the window (23) is sealed by a cover plate (15).

11. The method for assembling and disassembling accessories of a telescopic forklift according to claim 9, wherein the driving component (5) drives the locking pin (13) to extend or retract into the end of the sleeve (22).

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