Earthenware sintered brick and method for making a floor

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of liquor brewing, and relates to a preparation method of pottery sintered brick, which comprises the following steps: crushing pottery clay into powder to obtain powder material; adding equal volume of water to part of the powder material, uniformly stirring and kneading into blocks, sintering and forming, crushing to obtain aggregate; the particle size of the aggregate is 3.8-4.2 mm; mixing the aggregate and the powder material with water, stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain brick blanks, and drying; the aggregate addition amount is 30%-50%, and the powder material addition amount accounts for 50%-70%; drying and sintering: placing the dried brick blanks into a drying room for drying and sintering to obtain pottery sintered brick; wherein the drying parameters include: gradually increasing from room temperature to 95-105 DEG C, the temperature increasing time is 2-4 days, after reaching 95-105 DEG C, continuously drying for 1-3 days; the sintering parameters include: sintering at 900-1000 DEG C for 20-25 hours. The prepared pottery sintered brick has high water absorption, and is combined with a sandstone cushion layer to form a fermentation warehouse floor, the koji making fermentation temperature under the floor is consistent with that of a three-layer floor, and the floor is suitable for the high-temperature and high-humidity closed fermentation environment of koji making.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of liquor brewing, and relates to a pottery sintered brick and a floor manufacturing method. BACKGROUND

[0002] The Daqu used for Maotai-flavor liquor is high-temperature Daqu, and high temperature is the main feature of its fermentation. Generally, the floor of the fermentation warehouse for Maotai-flavor liquor is a three-component soil floor, which is mainly formed by ramming purple mud, lime and cinder according to a certain proportion. The three-component soil floor has good water absorption and water permeability, and is suitable for the high-temperature and high-humidity environment formed in Daqu production, so it is a relatively optimal material for the floor of the Daqu fermentation warehouse.

[0003] However, the three-component soil floor has the disadvantage of insufficient wear resistance, so it needs to be frequently repaired. In addition, a large amount of purple mud and cinder are needed as raw materials for the three-component soil. As a non-renewable resource, the purple mud cannot be developed and utilized without limit. In addition, with the reduction of the total coal consumption and the increase of clean energy in various places, the shortage of cinder and the continuous expansion of Daqu production scale make it necessary to find a substitute for the three-component soil.

[0004] At present, the Chinese public patent CN115521836A "Manufacturing method of airing hall for Maotai-flavor liquor production" discloses a pottery sintered brick, which is made of pottery mud as the main raw material. The compressive strength of the pottery sintered brick is 52.8-58.2 MPa, and the water absorption rate is 8.5%-9.8%. However, the water absorption rate and water permeability of the airing hall are still relatively low with respect to the high-temperature and high-humidity environment produced by the airtight fermentation of Daqu production.

[0005] Therefore, in order to adapt to the high-temperature and high-humidity environment produced by the airtight fermentation under the condition of Daqu production, a floor with higher water absorption rate and water permeability still needs to be developed. SUMMARY

[0006] The application aims to provide a pottery sintered brick and a floor manufacturing method. The pottery sintered brick prepared by the method has high water absorption and air permeability. Combined with an air-permeable gravel cushion, a fermentation warehouse floor is made. The Daqu fermentation temperature of the floor is consistent with that of the three-component soil floor, and the floor is suitable for the airtight fermentation environment with high temperature and high humidity in Daqu production. The floor solves the problems of the current shortage of cinder and the insufficient resources of three-component soil, and has better flatness, wear resistance, bending strength and corrosion resistance than the three-component soil floor. The floor is beneficial to the shovel bottom operation of workers and has a longer service life.

[0007] In a first aspect, the application provides a preparation method of a pottery sintered brick, which comprises the following steps:

[0008] (1) Preparing a powder: crushing pottery mud into a powder to obtain a powder;

[0009] (2) Preparation of aggregate: take part of the powder and add an equal volume of water, mix well, knead into blocks, and after firing, break to obtain the aggregate; the particle size of the aggregate is 3.8-4.2mm;

[0010] (3) Molding: take the aggregate and the powder, add water and mix, stir well to make green bricks, and dry; the aggregate accounts for 30%-50% and the powder accounts for 50%-70% based on 100% of the weight of the aggregate and the powder;

[0011] (4) Drying and firing: put the dried green bricks into an oven and dry and fire to obtain the pottery sintered brick; the drying parameters include gradually increasing from room temperature to 95-105℃, the temperature increasing time is 2-4 days, and after reaching 95-105℃, continue to dry for 1-3 days; the firing parameters include firing at 900-1000℃ for 20-25 hours.

[0012] In some embodiments, in step (2), the method of firing and molding is as follows: high-temperature firing at 1100-1300℃ for 20-26 hours; in the breaking step, the particle size of the obtained aggregate is 3.9-4.1mm;

[0013] Preferably, in step (2), the method of firing and molding is as follows: high-temperature firing at 1150-1250℃ for 24-26 hours;

[0014] Preferably, the method of firing and molding is as follows: high-temperature firing at 1200℃ for 24 hours; in the breaking step, the particle size of the obtained aggregate is 4mm.

[0015] In some embodiments, in step (3), the aggregate accounts for 40% and the powder accounts for 60% based on 100% of the weight of the aggregate and the powder;

[0016] Preferably, the green bricks are made by machine pressing;

[0017] Preferably, the green bricks are of the type 30cm*30cm*6cm.

[0018] In some embodiments, in step (4), the drying parameters include gradually increasing from room temperature to 100℃, the temperature increasing time is 3 days, and after reaching 100℃, continue to dry for 2 days;

[0019] Preferably, the firing parameters include firing at 950℃ for 24 hours.

[0020] In the second aspect, the application provides a pottery sintered brick made by any of the methods of the first aspect.

[0021] In some embodiments, the water absorption rate of the clay sintered brick is 11.3-11.5%; the water absorption rate of the clay sintered brick is a water permeability coefficient of 0.3*10 -3 ~0.5*10 -3 cm / s.

[0022] In a third aspect, the present application provides the use of the clay sintered brick in any of the above embodiments in the preparation of a fermentation cellar floor for the koji-making of Maotai-flavor liquor.

[0023] In a fourth aspect, the present application provides a laying process of a liquor fermentation cellar floor, comprising the following steps:

[0024] S1. The original floor is removed, and a sand stone cushion layer is laid, compacted and leveled;

[0025] S2. A cement slurry water-cement ratio bonding layer is prepared, and the clay sintered brick is laid;

[0026] S3. The sintered brick fine powder, cement and appropriate amount of water are mixed uniformly, and the joints of the sintered brick are filled.

[0027] In some embodiments, in the step S1, the removal thickness is 180-220 mm; the removal thickness is 60-80 mm;

[0028] Preferably, in the step S1, the thickness of the sand stone cushion layer is 120-140 mm;

[0029] Preferably, in the step S2, the thickness of the cement slurry water-cement ratio bonding layer is 10-20 mm;

[0030] Preferably, in the step S2, the thickness of the cement slurry water-cement ratio bonding layer is 12-15 mm;

[0031] Preferably, in the step S2, the thickness of the clay sintered brick is 5-6 cm.

[0032] Preferably, the removal thickness is 70 mm;

[0033] Preferably, the thickness of the bonding layer is 12-15 mm;

[0034] Preferably, the thickness of the clay sintered brick is 5.5 cm.

[0035] In some embodiments, the laying method further comprises: in the step S2, before the clay sintered brick is laid, the clay sintered brick is soaked with water for 8-12 min;

[0036] Preferably, the soaking time of the clay sintered brick is 10 min;

[0037] Preferably, in the step S3, the adding weight ratio of the fine powder of the pottery sintered brick, cement and water is: 3-5 parts of the fine powder of the pottery sintered brick, 3-5 parts of water and 1-3 parts of cement;

[0038] Preferably, in the step S3, the content of the cement is 4-7%.

[0039] Preferably, in the step S3, the content of the cement is 6%.

[0040] Preferably, in the step S2, the water-cement ratio of the cement paste combined layer comprises the following components by weight: 3-5 parts of the fine powder of the pottery sintered brick, 3-5 parts of water and 1-3 parts of cement.

[0041] Preferably, in the step S2, the pottery sintered brick is the pottery sintered brick as described above.

[0042] In some embodiments, the sand and gravel cushion layer comprises the following components by weight: 66-132 parts of cement, 88-104 parts of water, 480-500 parts of stone chips, 600-620 parts of crushed stone 1 and 530-600 parts of crushed stone 2.

[0043] Preferably, the particle size of the stone chips is less than 4 mm.

[0044] Preferably, the particle size of the crushed stone 1 is 4-8 mm.

[0045] Preferably, the particle size of the crushed stone 2 is 8-12 mm.

[0046] In a fourth aspect, the present application provides a liquor fermentation warehouse floor prepared by the laying process as described in any one of the above.

[0047] Preferably, the water absorption rate of the liquor fermentation warehouse floor is 21-22%, and the water permeability coefficient of the liquor fermentation warehouse floor is 0.4*10 -3 -0.5*10 -3 cm / s.

[0048] In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0049] By preparing a pottery sintered brick with relatively high water absorption and air permeability, and combining with an air-permeable sand and gravel cushion layer, a pottery sintered brick floor is prepared to replace the three-component soil. The fermentation temperature of the floor is consistent with that of the three-component soil floor, and the floor is suitable for the high-temperature and high-humidity closed fermentation environment of koji making. The problems of lack of coal cinder and insufficient three-component soil resources are solved. The flatness, bending strength and corrosion resistance of the floor are higher than those of the three-component soil, so it is more conducive to the shovel bottom operation of workers, and the wear resistance is also greatly improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0050] Figure 1A comparison diagram of air humidity between the fermentation chamber floor 2 in Example 3 and the fermentation chamber floor in Comparative Example 17;

[0051] Figure 2 A comparison diagram of air temperature in the fermentation chamber floor 2 of Example 3 and the fermentation chamber floor of Comparative Example 17;

[0052] Figure 3 A comparison diagram of the first-time fermentation temperature of fermentation chamber floor 2 in Example 3 and floor in Comparative Example 17;

[0053] Figure 4 A comparison diagram of the secondary fermentation temperature of the fermentation chamber floor 2 in Example 3 and the floor in Comparative Example 17;

[0054] Figure 5 Images of fired clay bricks and rammed earth (a mixture of clay, sand, and lime).

[0055] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the process for laying clay sintered brick flooring;

[0056] Figure 7 A site photo showing the laying of clay sintered bricks and sand and gravel bedding. Detailed Implementation

[0057] The following specific embodiments further illustrate the technical solution of the present invention. These specific embodiments do not represent a limitation on the scope of protection of the present invention. Non-essential modifications and adjustments made by others based on the concept of the present invention still fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0058] Unless otherwise specified, the devices, software, etc. used in the following embodiments can be obtained from commercial or public sources.

[0059] Example 1

[0060] A method for producing sintered clay bricks includes the following steps:

[0061] (1) Preparation of powder: Select clay from the southwest region, dry it, and then crush it into powder to obtain powder;

[0062] (2) Preparation of aggregate: Take a portion of the powder and add an equal volume of water, mix evenly, knead into spherical ceramic balls or irregular blocks such as rectangular prisms, fire at 1200℃ for 24 hours to form, and then crush into aggregate with a particle size of 4mm.

[0063] (3) Molding: Take aggregate and powder, and make a ratio of 40% aggregate and 60% powder based on the weight of aggregate and powder as 100%. Add an equal volume of water and mix. Stir evenly and press into brick blanks with a machine. The brick blank size is 30cm (length) * 30cm (width) * 6cm (thickness). Let it air dry naturally.

[0064] (4) Drying and firing: Place the dried brick blanks into the drying room and gradually raise the temperature from room temperature to 100℃ for 3 days. After reaching 100℃, continue drying for 2 days. Then fire at 950℃ for 24 hours to obtain sintered clay bricks.

[0065] Comparative Example 1 explores the effect of different aggregate particle sizes on clay sintered bricks. Here, the aggregate particle size is 3mm.

[0066] A method for producing sintered clay bricks includes the following steps:

[0067] (1) Preparation of powder: Select clay from the southwest region, dry it, and then crush it into powder to obtain powder.

[0068] (2) Preparation of aggregate: Take a portion of the powder and add an equal volume of water, mix evenly, knead into spherical ceramic balls or irregularly shaped ceramic bricks such as rectangular blocks, fire at 1200 degrees Celsius for 24 hours to form, and then crush into 3mm aggregate.

[0069] (3) Molding: Take aggregate and powder, mix them in a ratio of 40% aggregate and 60% powder, add an appropriate amount of water and mix them evenly. Press them into brick blanks with a machine. The brick blanks are 30cm (length) * 30cm (width) * 6cm (thickness) and air dry naturally.

[0070] (4) Drying and firing: Place the dried brick blanks into the drying room and gradually raise the temperature from room temperature to 100℃ for 3 days. After reaching 100℃, continue drying for 2 days. Then fire at 950℃ for 24 hours to obtain sintered clay bricks.

[0071] Comparative Example 2 explores different Aggregate particle size The effect on clay-fired bricks, where the aggregate particle size is 5mm.

[0072] A method for producing sintered clay bricks includes the following steps:

[0073] (1) Preparation of powder: Select clay from the southwest region, dry it, and then crush it into powder to obtain powder.

[0074] (2) Preparation of aggregate: Take a portion of the powder and add an equal volume of water, mix evenly, knead into spherical ceramic balls or irregularly shaped ceramic bricks such as cuboids, fire at 1200 degrees Celsius for 24 hours to form, and then crush into 5mm aggregate.

[0075] (3) Molding: Take aggregate and powder, mix them in a ratio of 40% aggregate and 60% powder, add an appropriate amount of water to mix, stir evenly, and press into brick blanks by machine. The brick blanks have poor molding and the surface is too rough.

[0076] The comparative example 3 discusses the influence of the aggregate ratio on the pottery sintered brick, and the ratio of 20% aggregate and 80% powder is used in the preparation of the pottery sintered brick, including the following steps:

[0077] (1) Preparation of powder: the pottery clay in the southwest region is selected, dried, and then crushed into powder to obtain the powder;

[0078] (2) Preparation of aggregate: a part of the powder is added with an equal volume of water, stirred evenly, kneaded into spherical pottery balls or irregular block-shaped pottery bricks, and then broken into 4mm aggregate after sintering at 1200 degrees for 24 hours;

[0079] (3) Molding: the aggregate and the powder are mixed in a ratio of 20% aggregate and 80% powder, and then stirred evenly with an appropriate amount of water, and then pressed into a brick blank by a machine, and the size of the brick embryo is 30cm(long)*30cm(width)*6cm(thickness), and then naturally dried;

[0080] (4) Drying and sintering: the dried brick blank is placed in a drying room, and the temperature is gradually increased from room temperature to 100℃, and the temperature increasing time is 3 days, and then the temperature is kept at 100℃ for 2 days, and then sintered at 950℃ for 24 hours to obtain the pottery sintered brick.

[0081] The comparative example 4 discusses the influence of the aggregate ratio on the pottery sintered brick, and the ratio of 30% aggregate and 70% powder is used in the preparation of the pottery sintered brick, including the following steps:

[0082] (1) Preparation of powder: the pottery clay in the southwest region is selected, dried, and then crushed into powder to obtain the powder;

[0083] (2) Preparation of aggregate: a part of the powder is added with an equal volume of water, stirred evenly, kneaded into spherical pottery balls or irregular block-shaped pottery bricks, and then broken into 4mm aggregate after sintering at 1200 degrees for 24 hours;

[0084] (3) Molding: the aggregate and the powder are mixed in a ratio of 30% aggregate and 70% powder, and then stirred evenly with an appropriate amount of water, and then pressed into a brick blank by a machine, and the size of the brick embryo is 30cm(long)*30cm(width)*6cm(thickness), and then naturally dried;

[0085] (4) Drying and sintering: the dried brick blank is placed in a drying room, and the temperature is gradually increased from room temperature to 100℃, and the temperature increasing time is 3 days, and then the temperature is kept at 100℃ for 2 days, and then sintered at 950℃ for 24 hours to obtain the pottery sintered brick.

[0086] The comparative example 5 discusses the influence of the aggregate ratio on the pottery sintered brick, and the ratio of 50% aggregate and 50% powder is used in the preparation of the pottery sintered brick, including the following steps:

[0087] (1) Preparation of powder: select the southwest region of the pottery mud after drying and crushing, made into powder, get powder;

[0088] (2) Preparation of aggregate: take part of the powder and add equal volume of water, mix evenly, knead into spherical or rectangular irregular block of pottery ball, 1200 degrees high temperature firing 24 hours after forming, broken into 4mm aggregate;

[0089] (3) molding: take aggregate and powder, according to 50% aggregate and 50% powder, add appropriate amount of water for mixing, stirring evenly, use machine to press into green brick, the result stirring evenly can't be shaped into green brick.

[0090] Example 6 to explore the influence of different firing parameters on pottery sintered brick

[0091] A kind of pottery sintered brick manufacturing method, comprising the following steps:

[0092] (1) Preparation of powder: select the southwest region of the pottery mud after drying and crushing, made into powder, get powder;

[0093] (2) Preparation of aggregate: take part of the powder and add equal volume of water, mix evenly, knead into spherical or rectangular irregular block of pottery ball, 1200 degrees high temperature firing 24 hours after forming, broken into 4mm aggregate;

[0094] (3) molding: take aggregate and powder, according to 40% aggregate and 60% powder, add appropriate amount of water for mixing, stirring evenly, use machine to press into green brick, green brick size is 30cm (long) * 30cm (wide) * 6cm (thick), natural drying;

[0095] (4) drying and firing: put the dried green brick into the drying room, gradually rise from room temperature to 400 DEG C, the temperature rising time is 4 days for drying, then firing at 1000 DEG C for 24 hours, get pottery sintered brick.

[0096] Example 7 to explore the influence of different firing parameters on pottery sintered brick

[0097] A kind of pottery sintered brick manufacturing method, comprising the following steps:

[0098] (1) Preparation of powder: select the southwest region of the pottery mud after drying and crushing, made into powder, get powder;

[0099] (2) Preparation of aggregate: take part of the powder and add equal volume of water, mix evenly, knead into spherical or rectangular irregular block of pottery ball, 1200 degrees high temperature firing 24 hours after forming, broken into 4mm aggregate;

[0100] (3) Molding: Take the aggregate and the powder, and mix them according to a ratio of 40% aggregate and 60% powder, add an appropriate amount of water, stir uniformly, and press into a brick blank by a machine. The size of the brick blank is 30 cm (length) * 30 cm (width) * 6 cm (thickness). The brick blank is naturally dried;

[0101] (4) Drying and firing: The dried brick blank is placed in an oven, and the temperature is gradually increased from room temperature to 300°C. The temperature is maintained for 5 days for drying, and then the temperature is increased to 900°C for 24 hours for firing, to obtain the clay sintered brick.

[0102] Example 8

[0103] A method for preparing a clay sintered brick, which is different from example 1 in that, in step (4), the brick blank is placed in an oven, and the temperature is gradually increased from room temperature to 50°C. The temperature is maintained for 3 days for drying, and then the temperature is increased to 950°C for 24 hours for firing, to obtain the clay sintered brick. As a result, the overall molding of the brick is not good, and it is easy to break.

[0104] Example 9

[0105] A method for preparing a clay sintered brick, which is different from example 1 in that, in step (4), the brick blank is placed in an oven, and the temperature is gradually increased from room temperature to 150°C. The temperature is maintained for 3 days for drying, and then the temperature is increased to 950°C for 24 hours for firing, to obtain the clay sintered brick.

[0106] Example 10

[0107] A method for preparing a clay sintered brick, which is different from example 1 in that, in step (4), the brick blank is placed in an oven, and the temperature is gradually increased from room temperature to 200°C. The temperature is maintained for 3 days for drying, and then the temperature is increased to 950°C for 24 hours for firing, to obtain the clay sintered brick.

[0108] Example 2

[0109] This example provides a sand and gravel cushion, and the specific formula is shown in Table 1:

[0110] Table 1

[0111]

[0112] According to the formula in Table 1 above, the components are mixed uniformly to prepare sand and gravel cushion 1, sand and gravel cushion 2, and sand and gravel cushion 3, respectively.

[0113] Example 3

[0114] A kind of liquor koji-making fermentation warehouse floor manufacturing method, based on the sintered brick of pottery prepared in example 1, and the sandstone cushion 1, sandstone cushion 2, sandstone cushion 3 prepared in example 2, this example provides a kind of liquor koji-making fermentation warehouse floor manufacturing method, specific steps are as follows:

[0115] S1 the original three ground floor is lifted about 200mm, then the sandstone cushion prepared in example 2 with the thickness of 130mm is laid, and the sandstone cushion is compacted and flattened by rammer;

[0116] S2 the sintered brick of pottery obtained in example 1 is crushed to obtain sintered brick of pottery fine powder with particle size of about 0.3mm, 4kg sintered brick of pottery fine powder, 4kg water and 2kg cement are uniformly mixed to prepare cement paste water-cement ratio bonding layer, and the cement paste water-cement ratio bonding layer with thickness of 15mm is laid, then the sintered brick of pottery prepared in example 1 with thickness of 5.5cm is laid (the brick is soaked in water for 10min before laying);

[0117] S3 the sintered brick of pottery is crushed to obtain sintered brick of pottery fine powder with particle size of about 0.3mm, and the sintered brick of pottery fine powder is mixed with cement (6%) and appropriate amount of water to be uniformly mixed (in a water-free seepage state) to be used as pointing filling for joint bonding of sintered brick.

[0118] The fermentation warehouse floor 1, fermentation warehouse floor 2 and fermentation warehouse floor 3 are prepared by the above method corresponding to the sandstone cushion 1, sandstone cushion 2 and sandstone cushion 3.

[0119] Example 11 explores the influence of lacking sandstone cushion on the result

[0120] This example based on example 3 provides a kind of liquor koji-making fermentation warehouse floor manufacturing method, which is different from example 3 in that the step of laying sandstone cushion is omitted, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0121] S1 the original three ground floor is lifted about 200mm, and then compacted and flattened by rammer;

[0122] S2 the sintered brick of pottery is crushed to obtain sintered brick of pottery fine powder with particle size of about 0.3mm, 4kg sintered brick of pottery fine powder, 4kg water and 2kg cement are uniformly mixed to prepare cement paste water-cement ratio bonding layer, and the cement paste water-cement ratio bonding layer with thickness of 15mm is laid, then the sintered brick of pottery prepared in example 1 with thickness of 5.5cm is laid (the brick is soaked in water for 10min before laying);

[0123] S3 the sintered brick of pottery is crushed to obtain sintered brick of pottery fine powder with particle size of about 0.3mm, and the sintered brick of pottery fine powder is mixed with cement (6%) and appropriate amount of water to be uniformly mixed (in a water-free seepage state) to be used as pointing filling for joint bonding of sintered brick.

[0124] Example 12 explores the influence of different proportions of different components of the sand and gravel cushion on the results

[0125] This comparative example is based on Example 3 and provides a method for making a floor for a liquor koji-making fermentation warehouse, with the difference from Example 3 being that the formula for the sand and gravel cushion used is different. The sand and gravel cushion used in this comparative example is prepared by mixing 92% sand and gravel (sand and gravel particle size 0.2-0.5 mm) with 8% cement.

[0126] Example 13 explores the influence of the absence of gravel two in the sand and gravel cushion on the results

[0127] This comparative example is based on Example 3 and provides a method for making a floor for a liquor koji-making fermentation warehouse, with the difference from Example 3 being that the formula for the sand and gravel cushion used is different. The sand and gravel cushion used in this comparative example is prepared by mixing 66 kg of P.O 42.5 cement, 88 kg of water, 495 kg of stone chippings, and 610 kg of gravel one.

[0128] Example 14 explores the influence of different particle sizes of stone chippings and gravel in the sand and gravel cushion on the results

[0129] This comparative example is based on Example 3 and provides a method for making a floor for a liquor koji-making fermentation warehouse, with the difference from Example 3 being that the formula for the sand and gravel cushion used is different. The sand and gravel cushion used in this comparative example is prepared by mixing 66 kg of P.O 42.5 cement, 88 kg of water, 495 kg of stone chippings with a particle size of 5 mm, 610 kg of gravel one with a particle size of 3 mm, and 545 kg of gravel two with a particle size of 7 mm.

[0130] Example 15 explores the influence of the absence of stone chippings in the sand and gravel cushion on the results

[0131] This comparative example is based on Example 3 and provides a method for making a floor for a liquor koji-making fermentation warehouse, with the difference from Example 3 being that the formula for the sand and gravel cushion used is different. The sand and gravel cushion used in this comparative example is prepared by mixing 66 kg of P.O 42.5 cement, 88 kg of water, 610 kg of gravel one, and 545 kg of gravel two. This is unstable and cannot form a stable sand and gravel cushion.

[0132] Example 16 explores the influence of the absence of gravel one in the sand and gravel cushion on the results

[0133] The comparative example is based on example 3, and provides a method for making a floor of a liquor koji-making fermentation warehouse. The difference between the comparative example and example 3 is that the formula of the gravel cushion used in the comparative example is different. The gravel cushion used in the comparative example is mixed by uniformly mixing 66 kg of P.O 42.5 cement, 88 kg of water, 495 kg of stone chips, and 545 kg of crushed stone. The mixture is easy to shake and is not stable, and thus cannot form a stable gravel cushion.

[0134] Comparative example 17 floor of three components

[0135] The comparative example is a method for making a floor of three components, which comprises the following steps:

[0136] The purple mud, lime, and cinder are mixed uniformly according to a weight ratio of 1:3:6, and are fermented for about 4 days. The mixture is laid on the concrete floor, is tamped, and is naturally dried for more than one month.

[0137] Effect example

[0138] 1. The water absorption rates of the ceramic clay sintered bricks obtained in example 1 and comparative examples 1-10 are detected respectively. The water absorption rate detection standard for the ceramic clay sintered bricks is performed according to GB / T 8488-2008 “Acid-Resistant Brick”. The water permeability coefficient detection standard is performed according to GB / T 25993-2010 “Water-Permeable Pavement Brick and Water-Permeable Pavement Panel”. The results are shown in Table 2 below.

[0139] Table 2 Water absorption rate and water permeability coefficient of ceramic clay sintered bricks

[0140]

[0141]

[0142] As can be seen from the above table, when the aggregate particle size of comparative example 1 is 3 mm, the water absorption rate of the ceramic clay sintered brick obtained is much lower than that obtained when the aggregate particle size is 4 mm. When the aggregate particle size of comparative example 2 is adjusted to 5 mm, the sintered brick is poorly formed and the surface is too rough.

[0143] In comparative example 6, the green bricks are directly placed in an oven, and are dried at a high temperature of 400 degrees. Then, the green bricks are sintered, and in comparative example 7, the green bricks are gradually heated from room temperature to 300 degrees, and the heating time is 5 days. Then, the green bricks are sintered at a temperature of 900 degrees for 24 hours. The water absorption rate of the ceramic clay sintered bricks obtained is lower than that of the ceramic clay sintered bricks obtained in example 1, which are gradually heated from room temperature to 100 degrees, and are dried at 100 degrees for 3 days. Then, the green bricks are dried at 100 degrees for 2 days, and are sintered at 950 degrees for 24 hours after drying. In comparative example 8, the green bricks are gradually heated from room temperature to 50 degrees. As a result, the overall formation of the bricks is not good, and the bricks are easily broken. In comparative examples 9-10, the green bricks are gradually heated from room temperature to 150 degrees and 200 degrees during drying. The water absorption rate of the sintered bricks obtained is less than that of example 1.

[0144] When the proportion of the aggregate of Comparative Example 3 is 20%, the water absorption of the sintered clay brick obtained is much lower than that of the sintered clay brick obtained when the proportion of the aggregate of Comparative Example 4 is 30% and the proportion of the aggregate of Example 1 is 40%, and when the proportion of the aggregate of Comparative Example 5 is adjusted to 50%, the sintered brick cannot be formed.

[0145] Meanwhile, it is found through exploration that the sintering temperature of the aggregate also greatly affects the water absorption and other properties of the sintered clay brick finally prepared. The above comparative experimental results of the present application show that in the preparation process of the sintered clay brick provided by the present application, the particle size of the aggregate, the sintering temperature of the aggregate, the addition proportion of the aggregate and the specific drying process and sintering process in step (4) and other parameters will affect the water absorption and other properties of the sintered clay brick finally obtained to different degrees.

[0146] 2. Under laboratory conditions, the sintered clay brick in Example 1 is used to make a simulated floor with a sand and stone cushion, and the water absorption and permeability coefficient of the simulated floor with different sand and stone cushions are detected.

[0147] The specific method for detecting water absorption is as follows: according to the fermentation warehouse floor laying method, the corresponding cushion is made, dried for 2 days, and the sintered clay brick is laid to form a simulated floor (the sintered clay brick is dried to constant weight), the weight m0 of the simulated floor is weighed, water is added on the simulated floor until the water slightly seeps out, the water absorption weight m1 under different simulated floor conditions is calculated, and the water absorption W under different simulated floor conditions is estimated in the following manner:

[0148] W = (m1 / m0)%

[0149] The specific method for detecting water absorption is as follows: according to the fermentation warehouse floor laying method, the corresponding cushion is made, dried for 2 days, and the sintered clay brick is laid to form a simulated floor (the sintered clay brick is dried to constant weight), the weight m0 of the simulated floor is weighed, water is added on the simulated floor until the water slightly seeps out, the water absorption weight m1 under different simulated floor conditions is calculated, and the water absorption W under different simulated floor conditions is estimated in the following manner:

[0150] k = QL / At

[0151] Q—seepage water quantity, unit: ml;

[0152] L—floor thickness, unit: cm;

[0153] A—floor surface area, unit: cm 2 ;

[0154] T—time, unit: s;

[0155] Table 3 Water absorption and permeability coefficient of floor

[0156] Flooring category Water absorption % Permeability coefficient cm / s Simulated flooring 1 21.2％ 0.49*10 -3 ]]> Simulated flooring 2 18.6％ 0.47*10 -3 ]]> Simulated flooring 3 17.2％ 0.43*10 -3 ]] Simulated flooring 4 11.6％ 0.3*10 -3 <!-- 8 -->]]> Simulated flooring 5 14.2％ 0.36*10 -3 ]]> Simulated flooring 6 15.8％ 0.40*10 -3 ]]> Simulated flooring 7 15.4％ 0.39*10 -3 ]]>

[0157] Note: (1) The sand cushion in simulation floor 1, 2, 3 corresponds to the sand cushion 1, sand cushion 2, sand cushion 3 in implementation column 2 respectively.

[0158] (2) Simulation floor 4 corresponds to Comparative Example 11, 4 kg of ceramic sintered brick fine powder, 4 kg of water, 2 kg of cement are uniformly mixed to form a cement slurry water-cement ratio bonding layer, and a cement slurry water-cement ratio bonding layer with a thickness of 15 mm is laid, and then a ceramic sintered brick with a thickness of 5.5 cm is laid.

[0159] (3) The sand cushion in simulation floor 5, 6, 7 corresponds to the sand cushion described in Comparative Examples 12, 13, 14 respectively.

[0160] The results are shown in the above table. Comparative Example 11 omits the step of laying a sand cushion, and the sand cushions 4-6 of Comparative Examples 12-14 have different proportions, and the water absorption rates of the imitation floors without a sand cushion and with a sand cushion 4-6 are all less than those of the imitation floors with a sand cushion 1-3 in Example 3.

[0161] In addition, in Comparative Example 15 and Comparative Example 16, respectively, the absence of stone chips and gravel at one time results in a mixture that is easy to shake when piled up and is not stable, and a stable sand cushion cannot be formed, so the corresponding floor cannot be prepared, and therefore the water absorption rate test experiment is not performed.

[0162] That is, the above comparative exploration experiment of the present application further shows that in the preparation process of the sand cushion, different particle sizes and different addition ratios of gravel two, gravel one and stone chips will affect the related performance of the sand cushion.

[0163] 3, the water absorption rate, permeability coefficient, bending strength, wear resistance, acid resistance of the ceramic sintered brick prepared in Example 1 and the two materials of the three mixed soils prepared in Comparative Example 17 were detected respectively, and the detection results are shown in Table 4.

[0164] Among them, the detection standards of permeability coefficient, bending strength, wear resistance, acid resistance refer to the relevant indexes of GB / T 25993-2010 "Permeable Pavement Brick and Permeable Pavement Board", GB / T 2542-2012 "Brick Experimental Method", JT / G 3450-2019 "Highway Roadbed and Pavement Field Test Regulations", GB / T 12988-2009 "Inorganic Ground Material Wear Resistance Test Method".

[0165] The water absorption rate detection standard of ceramic sintered brick is executed according to GB / T 8488-2008 "Acid-Resistant Brick", and the permeability coefficient detection standard is executed according to GB / T 25993-2010 "Permeable Pavement Brick and Permeable Pavement Board".

[0166] Table 4. Comparison of physical property indexes of ceramic sintered brick and three mixed soils

[0167]

[0168] Note: the flexural strength refers to the ultimate breaking stress of the material when a unit area bears a bending moment, also known as flexural strength, fracture modulus, the greater the flexural strength, the less likely the material is to break; the wear resistance is represented by the length of the wear pit formed under a certain friction, the greater the wear pit length, the poorer the wear resistance.

[0169] It can be seen that although the water absorption and water permeability coefficient of the clay sintered brick are smaller than those of the three mixed soil, the wear resistance, flexural strength and acid resistance are higher than those of the three mixed soil. In order to obtain the overall water absorption and water permeability coefficient of the clay sintered brick floor consistent with the three mixed soil floor, a sand and gravel cushion layer with better water absorption and air permeability is prepared, but the sand and gravel cushion layer is not suitable for the shovel bottom process operation in the fermentation warehouse, and cannot be directly used as the floor of the fermentation warehouse. Therefore, the sand and gravel cushion layer and the clay sintered brick laid thereon are used as the floor of the fermentation warehouse, which can not only improve the water absorption of the floor of the fermentation warehouse, but also meet the conventional process of the building industry, so that the floor is more stable and durable. The air temperature and air relative humidity of the fermentation warehouse during the first turning of the two kinds of floor fermentation warehouses are compared to verify whether the physical properties such as water absorption of the two kinds of floors are consistent.

[0170] 4. Based on the results in the above "3", the water absorption and water permeability coefficient of the clay sintered brick have certain differences from the three mixed soil. In order to make the overall water absorption and water permeability coefficient of the floor prepared by laying the clay sintered brick consistent with the related parameters of the existing floor prepared by laying the three mixed soil, the clay sintered brick is combined with the sand and gravel cushion layer for floor preparation, as shown in Example 2, the present application provides a sand and gravel cushion layer with better water absorption and air permeability for preparing a koji preparation floor (Example 3) with clay sintered bricks. Based on this, the air humidity during the first turning, the air temperature during the first turning, the floor temperature during the first turning and the floor temperature during the second turning of the koji preparation fermentation warehouse floor 2 prepared in Example 3 and the fermentation warehouse floor prepared in Comparative Example 17 are detected, respectively, as follows:

[0171] Air humidity detection: the air humidity in the fermentation warehouse is detected by a scientific and technological humidity meter. Before the first turning, the fermentation warehouse is in a closed state, and the air relative humidity in the fermentation warehouse during the first turning reflects the water absorption and water permeability of the floor to some extent. The air relative humidity of the two kinds of floors during the first turning is compared. The results are shown in Table 2. Figure 1 As shown in Table 2, the air relative humidity of the two kinds of floors is 2.0, and the air relative humidity of the two kinds of floors during the first turning is 82.7, which is consistent as a whole, that is, the air humidity of the floor fermentation warehouse of the present application can meet the air humidity requirement of the three mixed soil floor fermentation warehouse.

[0172] Air temperature detection: the air temperature in the fermentation warehouse is detected by an electronic thermometer. Before the first turning, the fermentation warehouse is in a closed state, and the temperature in the fermentation warehouse at the time of the first turning reflects the fermentation of the koji block to some extent. The temperature changes of the two floors at the time of the first turning are compared. The results are shown in Figure 2 The extreme difference of the air temperature in the fermentation warehouse of the two floors is 0.4°C, and the average temperature difference is 0.26°C, which is consistent as a whole. The temperature of the fermentation warehouse of the floor of the application can meet the requirements of the first turning temperature and the second turning temperature of the three-mixture floor fermentation warehouse.

[0173] Floor first turning temperature detection: the koji block fermentation temperature at the time of the first turning of the koji block is detected by an electronic thermometer. The main feature of the high-temperature Daqu fermentation of Maotai-flavor liquor is that the first turning temperature is greater than 60°C. The detection results are shown in Figure 3 The first turning temperature of the ceramic sintered brick floor meets the process requirements. The extreme difference of the first turning temperature of the two floors is 0.7°C, and the average temperature difference is 0.38°C, which is consistent as a whole.

[0174] Floor second turning temperature detection: the koji block fermentation temperature at the time of the second turning of the koji block is detected by an electronic thermometer. The main feature of the high-temperature Daqu fermentation of Maotai-flavor liquor is that the second turning temperature is between 50-55°C. The detection results are shown in Figure 4 The second turning temperature of the ceramic sintered brick floor meets the process requirements. The extreme difference of the second turning temperature of the two floors is 0.8°C, and the average temperature difference is 0.44°C, which is consistent as a whole. That is, the first turning temperature and the second turning temperature of the floor of the application can meet the requirements of the first turning temperature and the second turning temperature of the three-mixture floor fermentation warehouse.

[0175] 4. The ceramic sintered brick is compared with the three-mixture soil, and the results are shown in Figure 5 The ceramic sintered brick has a strong particle feeling and pores. Except for the different colors, the water permeability and water absorption feeling are comparable to those of the three-mixture soil.

[0176] 5. The floor laying process diagram of the ceramic sintered brick is shown in Figure 6 The laying site diagram of the ceramic sintered brick and the gravel cushion is shown in Figure 7 The gravel cushion is compacted and flat, the ceramic sintered brick floor is flat, the joints are neat, the sintered bricks do not shake, and the overall floor is flush with the floor of the passageway of the fermentation warehouse.

[0177] It is to be understood that the present application is described by way of example only, and that modifications or alterations can be made to the features and embodiments described without departing from the spirit and scope of the application. In addition, modifications can be made to the features and embodiments described to accommodate specific situations and materials without departing from the spirit and scope of the application. Accordingly, the application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but rather, the scope of the application includes all embodiments falling within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for preparing sintered clay bricks, characterized in that, The sintered clay bricks are used for laying in fermentation chambers for making koji (a type of Chinese koji). The preparation method includes the following steps: (1) Preparation of powder: The dried clay is crushed into powder to obtain powder; (2) Preparation of aggregate: Take a portion of the powder and add an equal volume of water, stir evenly, knead into blocks, fire and shape, and then crush to obtain the aggregate; the particle size of the aggregate is 3.8-4.2 mm; the firing and shaping method includes: firing at 1100-1300℃ for 20-26 hours to form the aggregate; (3) Molding: Take the aggregate and the powder, add water and mix, stir evenly, make into brick blanks, and dry; based on the weight of the aggregate and powder as 100%, the amount of aggregate added is 30%-50%, and the amount of powder added is 50%-70%; (4) Drying and firing: The dried brick blanks are placed in a drying room for drying and firing to obtain the clay sintered bricks; wherein the drying parameters include: gradually increasing the temperature from room temperature to 95-105℃ for 2-4 days, and continuing to dry for 1-3 days after reaching 95-105℃; the firing parameters include: firing at 900-1000℃ for 20-25 hours.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the aggregate particle size obtained from the crushing step is 3.9-4.1 mm.

3. A type of sintered clay brick, characterized in that, It is prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1-2.

4. The clay sintered brick as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The water absorption rate of the sintered clay bricks is 11.3~11.5%; the permeability coefficient of the sintered clay bricks is 0.3*10. -3 ~0.5*10 -3 cm / s.

5. The application of the sintered clay bricks as described in any one of claims 3-4 in the preparation of the flooring for the fermentation warehouse of soy sauce-flavored liquor.

6. A method for laying the floor of a baijiu (Chinese liquor) fermentation warehouse, characterized in that, The floor of the baijiu (Chinese liquor) fermentation warehouse uses sintered clay bricks as described in any one of claims 3-4, and the laying method includes the following steps: S1. Remove the existing flooring, lay a sand and gravel subbase, and compact and level it. S2. Prepare a cement slurry water-cement ratio bonding layer, and then lay the clay sintered bricks. The cement slurry water-cement ratio bonding layer includes the following components by weight: 3-5 parts of fine powder of the clay sintered bricks, 3-5 parts of water, and 1-3 parts of cement. S3. After mixing the fine powder of the clay sintered brick, cement, and an appropriate amount of water evenly, fill the joints of the clay sintered brick with the grout.

7. The laying method according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S1, the thickness of the initial transport layer is 180-220mm; the thickness of the sand and gravel cushion layer is 120-140mm; in step S2, the thickness of the cement slurry water-cement ratio bonding layer is 10-20mm; and the thickness of the clay sintered brick is 5-6cm.

8. The laying method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The laying method further includes: in step S2, before laying the clay sintered bricks, the clay sintered bricks are soaked in water for 8-12 minutes; in step S3, the weight ratio of the clay sintered brick fine powder to cement and water is: 3-5 parts of clay sintered brick fine powder, 3-5 parts of water, and 1-3 parts of cement; the cement content is 4-7%.

9. The laying method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The sand and gravel cushion layer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 66-132 parts cement, 88-104 parts water, 480-500 parts stone chips, 600-620 parts crushed stone 1, and 530-600 parts crushed stone 2; the stone chips have a particle size of less than 4 mm; the crushed stone 1 has a particle size of 4-8 mm; and the crushed stone 2 has a particle size of 8-12 mm.

10. A flooring system for a baijiu (Chinese liquor) fermentation warehouse, characterized in that, The flooring is prepared by the laying method described in any one of claims 6-9; the water absorption rate of the flooring in the liquor fermentation warehouse is 21-22%, and the permeability coefficient of the flooring in the liquor fermentation warehouse is 0.4*10. -3 -0.5*10 -3 cm / s.

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