A method and apparatus for anode oxidation detection of a solid oxide fuel cell

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of fuel cell technology, and provides a solid oxide fuel cell anode oxidation detection method and device, wherein the method comprises: receiving a set test current, determining fuel flow and working current of the solid oxide fuel cell; applying the test current to the solid oxide fuel cell for a test duration, and applying the working current to the solid oxide fuel cell for a recovery duration; calculating a relaxation time according to voltage response data measured during the test and the recovery; determining whether anode oxidation of the solid oxide fuel cell occurs according to the relaxation time and operating conditions of the solid oxide fuel cell, and adjusting the test current to the working current if no anode oxidation occurs. The present application can avoid the difficulties of model simulation calibration, impedance measurement equipment cost and determination time consumption, and realize sensitive and reliable rapid detection of solid oxide anode Ni oxidation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This article relates to the field of fuel cell technology, and in particular to a method and apparatus for detecting anodic oxidation in solid oxide fuel cells. Background Technology

[0002] A fuel cell is a device that uses hydrogen, methane, methanol, or other fuels to directly convert chemical energy into electrical energy through an electrochemical reaction. Unlike traditional thermal power generation, fuel cell power generation has advantages such as no smoke or dust, low noise, high efficiency, and low carbon emissions, and has already found applications in the automotive, aerospace, and satellite industries.

[0003] Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are high-temperature fuel cells that use solid oxide as the electrolyte. They offer advantages such as high efficiency, high energy density, and low pollution. SOFCs operate at relatively high temperatures, typically between 650°C and 850°C, which contributes to their high power generation efficiency but also presents challenges for their application.

[0004] SOFC systems involve numerous complex engineering issues, including high-temperature gas and electrical connections, component insulation, and sealing. SOFC fault diagnosis technology is responsible for timely detection and identification of faults, and for implementing corresponding countermeasures to limit the escalation of faults.

[0005] Anode Ni oxidation failure is a common failure at the SOFC battery level, which can occur under common fuels such as hydrogen and carbon-based fuels. Anode Ni oxidation failure is closely related to operating conditions. The reasons for its occurrence are: the oxygen partial pressure in the chemical equilibrium of the fuel cell anode is too high, the metallic Ni in the Ni-YSZ anode is oxidized to NiO and loses its activity. At the same time, after the fuel cell undergoes anode Ni redox cycle, the electrode damage is not completely reversible, and anode Ni oxidation can significantly accelerate battery degradation on a time scale of several hours.

[0006] To achieve high efficiency and high power density, SOFC stacks need to operate under conditions of high current and high fuel utilization. When the stack's gas flow and temperature distribution are uniform, operating conditions can be rationally selected to prevent anode Ni oxidation. However, in reality, the gas flow and temperature distribution in the stack are uneven and related to random errors in the gas duct structure during manufacturing and assembly. Therefore, simply controlling operating conditions is insufficient to completely avoid anode Ni oxidation failure. Furthermore, anode Ni oxidation can occur gradually over timescales ranging from tens of minutes to several hours, making it difficult to detect in its early stages.

[0007] In existing technologies, the determination of the operating current and fuel flow range of SOFCs typically references voltage and fuel utilization rate. However, the critical voltage for anodic Ni oxidation and the fuel utilization rate may differ under different fuel flow rates. Using the above methods to determine the operating current and fuel range can easily lead to anodic Ni oxidation, or the SOFC's performance potential may not be fully realized due to an overly conservative control strategy. Furthermore, the SOFC's own performance, SOFC gas passage processing, and installation errors can all significantly affect the safety boundary for anodic Ni oxidation.

[0008] In addition, in the existing technology, the determination of Ni oxidation of SOFC anode can be achieved through model simulation and impedance measurement. However, the performance characteristics of SOFC change continuously with operation, and the model needs to be continuously calibrated to accurately predict the risk of Ni oxidation of anode. Real-time accurate prediction has a certain technical threshold. Impedance measurement requires special equipment, and the determination process usually takes no less than one minute. This method of determining anode oxidation has the problems of high cost and long time consumption. Summary of the Invention

[0009] This article addresses the issues of high cost and low efficiency in existing nickel-based solid oxide fuel cell anodic oxidation detection.

[0010] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this paper provides a method for detecting anode oxidation in a solid oxide fuel cell, wherein the anode of the solid oxide fuel cell is made of a nickel-based material, comprising:

[0011] Receive the set test current to determine the fuel flow rate and operating current of the solid oxide fuel cell;

[0012] Apply a test current to the solid oxide fuel cell and maintain the test duration; apply an operating current to the solid oxide fuel cell and maintain the recovery duration.

[0013] The relaxation time is calculated based on the voltage response data measured during the testing and recovery periods.

[0014] Based on the relaxation time and the operating conditions of the solid oxide fuel cell, determine whether the solid oxide fuel cell has undergone anodic oxidation. If no anodic oxidation has occurred, adjust the test current to the operating current.

[0015] In a further embodiment of this paper, the relaxation time is calculated based on the voltage response data measured during the testing and recovery period, including:

[0016] Using voltage response data measured during testing and recovery, a relaxation model is established that enables the prediction of the voltage response. Minimize the error between the measured voltage response V(t):

[0017]

[0018] Where t is time, V ∞ For a drift-free steady-state voltage, ΔV is the voltage response change, τ is the relaxation time, and k is the voltage drift rate;

[0019] The relaxation time is determined based on the relaxation model.

[0020] As a further embodiment of this article, determining whether anodizing occurs in the solid oxide fuel cell based on the relaxation time and the operating conditions of the solid oxide fuel cell includes:

[0021] Calculate the relaxation criterion value based on fuel flow rate and relaxation time;

[0022] Based on the operating conditions of the solid oxide fuel cell, the relaxation criterion threshold under the corresponding conditions is queried from the database. The database stores the relaxation criterion threshold determined when the solid oxide fuel cell undergoes anodic oxidation at various fuel flow rates.

[0023] Compare the relaxation criterion value with the queried relaxation criterion threshold. If the relaxation criterion value is less than the queried relaxation criterion threshold, it is determined that no anodizing has occurred. If the relaxation criterion value is greater than or equal to the queried relaxation criterion threshold, it is determined that anodizing has occurred.

[0024] In a further embodiment of this document, the relaxation criterion value is calculated based on the fuel flow rate and relaxation time, including calculating the relaxation criterion value using one of the following formulas:

[0025] Relaxation criterion value = relaxation time × fuel flow rate;

[0026] Relaxation criterion value = relaxation time × (fuel flow rate^a) × (battery average absolute temperature^b), where a and b are set values.

[0027] The second aspect of this paper provides a method for determining the operating condition boundaries of a solid oxide fuel cell, including:

[0028] Set the fuel flow rate, reference current, and test current for the solid oxide fuel cell;

[0029] A test current is applied to the solid oxide fuel cell and held for the test duration; a reference current is applied to the solid oxide fuel cell and held for the recovery duration.

[0030] The relaxation time is calculated based on the voltage response data measured during the testing and recovery periods.

[0031] Based on the relaxation time and operating conditions of the solid oxide fuel cell, determine whether anodic oxidation occurs in the solid oxide fuel cell;

[0032] If anodic oxidation does not occur, adjust the test current and repeat the steps of applying the test current to the solid oxide fuel cell and maintaining the test duration and thereafter.

[0033] If anodizing occurs, the current test current will be used as the critical current for the current temperature and current fuel flow rate.

[0034] As a further embodiment of this article, it also includes:

[0035] Determine whether all fuel flow rates in the list of fuel flow rates to be measured have been traversed;

[0036] If not, reset the fuel flow rate of the solid oxide fuel cell and re-execute the steps for controlling the operation of the solid oxide fuel cell;

[0037] If so, the safe current boundary for each fuel flow rate is determined based on the maximum test current before anodizing occurs.

[0038] In a further embodiment of this article, the reference current and test current for the solid oxide fuel cell include:

[0039] Set a reference current based on the safe current of the solid oxide fuel cell; if the solid oxide fuel cell does not have a safe current, set the reference current to the current of the solid oxide fuel cell when the voltage is 0.8V.

[0040] The test current is set to be greater than the reference current, but less than the fuel limit current of the solid oxide fuel cell.

[0041] In a further embodiment of this article, after setting the fuel flow rate, reference current, and test current of the solid oxide fuel cell, the method further includes:

[0042] Using the fuel flow rate and reference current, the operation of the solid oxide fuel cell is controlled until the temperature stabilizes.

[0043] The third aspect of this document provides a solid oxide fuel cell anode oxidation detection device, comprising:

[0044] The setting unit is used to receive the set test current and determine the fuel flow rate and operating current of the solid oxide fuel cell.

[0045] The test unit is used to apply a test current to the solid oxide fuel cell and maintain the test duration, and to apply an operating current to the solid oxide fuel cell and maintain the recovery duration.

[0046] The calculation unit is used to calculate the relaxation time based on the voltage response data measured during the test and recovery period;

[0047] The anodizing detection unit is used to determine whether anodizing has occurred in the solid oxide fuel cell based on the relaxation time and the operating conditions of the solid oxide fuel cell. If anodizing has not occurred, the test current is adjusted to the operating current.

[0048] The fourth aspect of this article provides a device for determining the operating condition boundaries of a solid oxide fuel cell, including:

[0049] The setting unit is used to set the fuel flow rate, reference current, and test current of the solid oxide fuel cell;

[0050] The test unit is used to apply a test current to the solid oxide fuel cell and maintain the test duration, and to apply a reference current to the solid oxide fuel cell and maintain the recovery duration.

[0051] The calculation unit is used to calculate the relaxation time based on the voltage response data measured during the test and recovery period;

[0052] An anodizing detection unit is used to determine whether anodizing has occurred in a solid oxide fuel cell based on the relaxation time and the operating conditions of the solid oxide fuel cell.

[0053] If no anodizing occurs, the setting unit adjusts the test current, restarts the test unit to apply the test current to the solid oxide fuel cell and maintain the test duration, and starts other units.

[0054] The boundary condition determination unit is used to determine the current test current as the critical current for the current temperature and current fuel flow rate if anodizing occurs.

[0055] A fifth aspect of this document provides a computer device including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the methods described in any of the foregoing embodiments.

[0056] A sixth aspect of this document provides a computer storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor of a computer device, implements the methods described in any of the foregoing embodiments.

[0057] This paper presents a method and apparatus for detecting anodic oxidation in solid oxide fuel cells (SOCFs). When a current step occurs during operation, the voltage response of the SOCF relaxes, and the relaxation time is quantitatively correlated with whether anodic oxidation has occurred. Based on this principle, the method determines the fuel flow rate and operating current of the SOCF by receiving a set test current. The test current is applied to the SOCF and held for a specified duration, followed by the application of the operating current and held for a specified recovery time. The relaxation time is calculated based on the voltage response data measured during the test and recovery periods. Based on the relaxation time and the operating conditions of the SOCF, the method determines whether anodic oxidation has occurred. This approach utilizes real-time, low-sampling-rate voltage and current data, combined with the aforementioned SOCF cell response relaxation principle, to analyze anodic oxidation in SOCFs. This avoids the difficulties of model simulation calibration, impedance measurement equipment costs, and time-consuming determination, achieving sensitive, reliable, and rapid detection of Ni oxidation in solid oxide anodes.

[0058] To make the above and other objects, features and advantages of this document more apparent and understandable, preferred embodiments are described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0059] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments or prior art described herein, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this article. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0060] Figure 1 A flowchart of the solid oxide fuel cell anodic oxidation detection method described in this embodiment is shown.

[0061] Figure 2 A flowchart illustrating the process for determining the anode oxidation of a solid oxide fuel cell in this embodiment is shown.

[0062] Figure 3 A first flowchart of the method for determining the operating condition boundaries of a solid oxide fuel cell according to an embodiment of this paper is shown;

[0063] Figure 4 A second flowchart of the method for determining the operating condition boundaries of a solid oxide fuel cell according to embodiments of this paper is shown;

[0064] Figure 5 A structural diagram of the solid oxide fuel cell anode oxidation detection device according to an embodiment of this article is shown;

[0065] Figure 6 A structural diagram of the device for determining the operating condition boundary of a solid oxide fuel cell according to an embodiment of this paper is shown.

[0066] Figure 7A This diagram illustrates the voltage response of a solid oxide fuel cell under a current step at a certain fuel flow rate, as shown in the embodiments of this paper.

[0067] Figure 7B This paper illustrates a schematic diagram of the principle for determining the relaxation model in the embodiments described herein.

[0068] Figure 8A and Figure 8B The diagrams show the voltage response data of batteries 1 and 2 in the embodiments of this paper during oxidation boundary detection at a fuel flow rate of 0.5SLM H2.

[0069] Figure 9A This diagram illustrates the relationship between the change in recovery voltage and relaxation time of battery 1 and the test current under a fuel flow rate of 0.5SLM H2 in the embodiment of this paper.

[0070] Figure 9B This diagram illustrates the relationship between the steady-state value of the test and recovery voltage and the relaxation criterion value of battery 1 and the test current in the embodiment of this paper.

[0071] Figure 10A and Figure 10B The diagrams show a comparison between the experimental conclusions of the oxidation boundary test and the conclusions of the impedance test and multiphysics simulation for batteries 1 and 2 in the embodiments of this paper.

[0072] Figure 11A This diagram illustrates the complete experimental data of the impedance oxidation boundary test performed on battery 1 in the embodiment of this paper;

[0073] Figure 11B This diagram shows a partially enlarged schematic of the experimental data from the impedance boundary oxidation test of battery 1 in this embodiment.

[0074] Figure 12A This diagram illustrates the fitting results of the total voltage response of multiple batteries in the embodiments described in this paper.

[0075] Figure 12B This diagram illustrates the fitting results of the grouped battery cell number and relaxation time in the embodiments described in this paper.

[0076] Figure 13 A structural diagram of the computer device described in this embodiment is shown.

[0077] Explanation of symbols in the attached drawings:

[0078] 501. Setting up the unit;

[0079] 502. Test Unit;

[0080] 503. Calculation Unit;

[0081] 504. Anodizing detection unit;

[0082] 601. Set up the unit;

[0083] 602. Test Unit;

[0084] 603. Calculation Unit;

[0085] 604. Anodizing detection unit;

[0086] 605. Adjustment unit;

[0087] 606. Boundary condition determination element;

[0088] 607. Cyclic control unit;

[0089] 1302. Computer equipment;

[0090] 1304, Processor;

[0091] 1306. Memory;

[0092] 1308. Drive mechanism;

[0093] 1310. Input / output module;

[0094] 1312. Input devices;

[0095] 1314. Output devices;

[0096] 1316. Presentation equipment;

[0097] 1318. Graphical User Interface;

[0098] 1320. Network interface;

[0099] 1322. Communication link;

[0100] 1324. Communication bus. Detailed Implementation

[0101] The technical solutions in the embodiments described below will be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments described herein, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments described herein, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this document.

[0102] It should be noted that the terms "comprising" and "having" and any variations thereof in the specification, claims and accompanying drawings herein are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, apparatus, product or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such process, method, product or device.

[0103] This specification provides the operational steps of the methods described in the embodiments or flowcharts, but based on conventional or non-inventive labor, more or fewer operational steps may be included. The order of steps listed in the embodiments is merely one possible execution order among many and does not represent the only possible execution order. In actual system or device products, the methods shown in the embodiments or drawings can be executed sequentially or in parallel.

[0104] It should be noted that the anode of the solid oxide fuel cell described herein is made of nickel-based (Ni) material. The anodizing described herein refers to Ni oxidation of the anode; in subsequent embodiments, unless otherwise specified, the cell refers to a Ni-based solid oxide fuel cell. This paper aims to address the problems of high cost and low efficiency in the anodizing detection of solid oxide fuel cells in the prior art.

[0105] In detail, the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) anode oxidation detection method presented in this paper is based on the following principle: originating from gas flow and diffusion, regardless of whether an anode Ni oxidation fault has occurred in the SOFC, the voltage response of the SOFC will relax when the current of the SOFC undergoes a step change. Under normal operation, the relaxation process typically lasts for 1 second, while during anode Ni oxidation or reduction, the relaxation process typically lasts for several minutes to tens of minutes. Therefore, the relaxation process characteristics of the SOFC voltage response can reflect whether an anode Ni oxidation fault has occurred.

[0106] Based on the above principles, such as Figure 1 As shown, the solid oxide fuel cell anodic oxidation detection method provided in this paper includes:

[0107] Step 101: Receive the set test current and determine the fuel flow rate and operating current of the solid oxide fuel cell;

[0108] Step 102: Apply a test current to the solid oxide fuel cell and maintain the test duration; apply an operating current to the solid oxide fuel cell and maintain the recovery duration.

[0109] Step 103: Calculate the relaxation time based on the voltage response data measured during the test and recovery period;

[0110] Step 104: Based on the relaxation time and the operating conditions of the solid oxide fuel cell, determine whether the solid oxide fuel cell has undergone anodic oxidation. If no anodic oxidation has occurred, adjust the test current to the operating current. If anodic oxidation has occurred, reset the test current.

[0111] This embodiment is based on the discovery that after a current step occurs during operation, the voltage response of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOCF) relaxes, and the relaxation time is quantitatively correlated with whether anodic oxidation has occurred. Based on this, the method described above can analyze anodic oxidation in SOCFs using real-time, low-sampling-rate voltage and current data, combined with the aforementioned SOCF cell response relaxation principle. This avoids the difficulties of model calibration, equipment costs, and time-consuming judgment, achieving sensitive and reliable rapid detection of Ni oxidation at the solid oxide anode. It has the advantages of rapid, accurate, and low-cost detection, and is suitable for the early diagnosis of fuel shortage / empty faults and the resulting Ni oxidation at the anode. It can also be used for real-time monitoring of SOCFs to meet the cost and safety requirements of SOCF systems.

[0112] This embodiment can promptly detect anodizing faults and adjust the operating current and update the control strategy to prevent anodizing faults from recurring.

[0113] Experiments have shown that the solid oxide fuel cell anodic oxidation detection method of this embodiment can be completed within 30 seconds, which is a significant improvement in speed compared to impedance detection and a significant reduction in the cost of detection equipment.

[0114] In detail, the test current in step 101 can be a user-set current or a test current automatically generated according to a pre-set program. The test current is used to represent the operating current to be set for the solid oxide fuel cell. The availability of the test current can be determined through steps 103 to 104. When available, the test current is set as the operating current of the solid oxide fuel cell.

[0115] In step 101, the fuel flow rate of the solid oxide fuel cell can be obtained from a flow sensor in the fuel line input to the solid oxide fuel cell, or from the user's current settings. Similarly, the operating current of the solid oxide fuel cell can be obtained from the user's current settings, or through sensor detection.

[0116] The operating current in step 102 is the current before anodizing occurs. Switching back from the test current to the operating current can reproduce the scenario where the battery is slightly oxidized and then restored.

[0117] In some implementations, step 102 may control the current flowing through the solid oxide fuel cell to a test current I1 and maintain it for a test duration t1 via a current control unit. Alternatively, the current flowing through the solid oxide fuel cell may be abruptly changed from the test current I1 to the operating current I2 via the current control unit and maintained for a recovery duration t2.

[0118] In other embodiments, step 102 may also use an electronic load unit to control the current flowing through the solid oxide fuel cell to be a test current I1, and maintain it for a test duration t1. The electronic load unit controls the current flowing through the solid oxide fuel cell to change from the test current I1 to the operating current I2 in a stepwise manner, and maintains it for a recovery duration t2.

[0119] The voltage response data generated during the testing and recovery process is recorded by the data measurement device and stored in the data storage unit. The real-time data analysis unit retrieves the voltage response data from the data storage unit, or sends it directly to the real-time data analysis unit for analysis in steps 103 and 104.

[0120] In step 102, the test duration should be sufficient to ensure that the degree of oxidation can be identified. In step 102, the recovery time should be sufficient to ensure that reverse oxidation can be achieved within the recovery time.

[0121] In one embodiment, the method for determining the test duration includes: the time required for the ohmic impedance to increase by at least 2% after 1 second of relative application of the test current at the minimum test current at which the impedance determination of oxidation occurs.

[0122] In one embodiment, the recovery time is determined as follows: Compared to the voltage V0 before the test current is applied and the current is the reference / operating current, after the current recovers from the test current where anodizing occurs to the reference / operating current, the voltage gradually increases to recover. When the difference between the voltage and V0 is less than 1mV, the duration of the reference / operating current is recorded as t. return The recovery time is taken as 1.5t. return .

[0123] In some implementations, step 103 determines the relaxation time in the following manner:

[0124] (1) Using the voltage response data measured during the testing and recovery period, the following relaxation model is established, wherein the relaxation model enables the predicted voltage response output by the relaxation model to be... Minimize the error between the measured voltage response V(t):

[0125]

[0126] Where t is time, V ∞Let V be the drift-free steady-state voltage, ΔV be the voltage response change, τ be the relaxation time, and k be the voltage drift rate. In the above formula, V ∞ ΔV, τ, and k are the fitted quantities.

[0127] During the fitting process of the relaxation model, τ>0, and there are no restrictions on other parameters.

[0128] (2) Determine the relaxation time based on the relaxation model.

[0129] Among them, the predicted voltage response The error L between the measured voltage response V(t) and the measured voltage response V(t) is defined as follows:

[0130]

[0131] Where t i Let be the timestamp of the i-th sample.

[0132] In other embodiments, the relaxation time can also be determined by standardizing and filtering the voltage response signal, and then using the results to estimate the relaxation time.

[0133] like Figure 2 As shown, step 104 determines whether anodic oxidation has occurred in the solid oxide fuel cell based on the relaxation time and the operating conditions of the solid oxide fuel cell, including:

[0134] Step 201: Calculate the relaxation criterion value based on the fuel flow rate and relaxation time;

[0135] Step 202: Based on the operating conditions of the solid oxide fuel cell, query the relaxation criterion threshold under the corresponding conditions from the database. The database stores the relaxation criterion threshold determined when the solid oxide fuel cell undergoes anodic oxidation at various fuel flow rates.

[0136] Step 203: Compare the relaxation criterion value with the queried relaxation criterion threshold. If the relaxation criterion value is less than the queried relaxation criterion threshold, it is determined that no anodizing has occurred. If the relaxation criterion value is greater than or equal to the queried relaxation criterion threshold, it is determined that anodizing has occurred.

[0137] When implementing step 201, the relaxation criterion value can be calculated using one of the following formulas:

[0138] Relaxation criterion value = relaxation time × fuel flow rate, i.e., s = τ·Q f s is the relaxation criterion value, τ is the relaxation time, and Q is the relaxation time. f Fuel flow rate;

[0139] Relaxation criterion value = relaxation time × (fuel flow rate^a) × (battery mean absolute temperature^b).

[0140] Wherein, a and b are set values. In a preferred embodiment, the range of values ​​for a and b is 0.8≤a≤1.5, -2≤b≤0.5.

[0141] By considering fuel flow rate when calculating the relaxation criterion value, a uniform relaxation criterion value can be obtained under different fuel flow rates.

[0142] By considering the battery mean absolute temperature when calculating the relaxation criterion, a unified relaxation criterion value can be obtained under different battery mean absolute temperatures and fuel flow rates.

[0143] In step 202, the relaxation criterion threshold in the database is predetermined. The determination process includes:

[0144] (1) Determine the battery anodic oxidation operating conditions using the impedance method in the existing technology (including at least the current boundary under each fuel flow rate) or use the simulation model to determine the battery anodic oxidation operating conditions;

[0145] (2) Based on the current under the operating conditions as the test current, execute the above steps 102, 103 and 201, and use the relaxation criterion value calculated at this time as the relaxation criterion threshold under the corresponding operating conditions.

[0146] In one embodiment of this article, it can also be determined whether anodizing has occurred in a solid oxide fuel cell by the following methods:

[0147] The operating conditions and voltage response data of the solid oxide fuel cell are input into a pre-established anode prediction model to obtain the anode oxidation prediction result. For example, the output "True" indicates that anode oxidation has occurred, and the output "False" indicates that anode oxidation has not occurred.

[0148] The anode prediction model can be a neural network model, trained using pre-collected training samples of solid oxide fuel cell operating conditions, voltage response results, and anodizing results. The inputs are voltage response data (a series of voltage values) and solid oxide fuel cell operating conditions, and the output is the anodizing result (a Boolean variable, True or False).

[0149] One embodiment of this article also provides a method for determining the operating condition boundaries of a solid oxide fuel cell, such as... Figure 3 As shown, it includes:

[0150] Step 301: Set the fuel flow rate, reference current, and test current of the solid oxide fuel cell;

[0151] Step 302: Apply a test current to the solid oxide fuel cell and maintain the test duration; apply a reference current to the solid oxide fuel cell and maintain the recovery duration.

[0152] Step 303: Calculate the relaxation time based on the voltage response data measured during the test and recovery period;

[0153] Step 304: Determine whether the solid oxide fuel cell has undergone anodic oxidation based on the relaxation time and the operating conditions of the solid oxide fuel cell.

[0154] Step 305: If no anodizing occurs, adjust the test current and repeat the steps of applying the test current to the solid oxide fuel cell and maintaining the test duration and thereafter.

[0155] Step 306: If anodizing occurs, the current test current is used as the critical current for the current temperature and current fuel flow rate.

[0156] This embodiment is based on voltage data at a conventional sampling frequency, which has the advantages of fast, accurate and low cost detection. It is suitable for the early diagnosis of fuel shortage / empty faults and the resulting anode Ni oxidation phenomenon, and can be used for real-time monitoring of solid oxide fuel cells. The battery operating current can be adjusted according to the detection results to meet the cost and safety requirements of solid oxide fuel cell systems.

[0157] In detail, step 301 above, setting the reference current and test current for the solid oxide fuel cell includes:

[0158] (1) Set a reference current based on the safe current of the solid oxide fuel cell. If there is no known safe current for the solid oxide fuel cell, the reference current is set to the current when the voltage of the solid oxide fuel cell is 0.8V under the current operating conditions such as temperature and fuel flow rate. When hydrogen is used as fuel and air or oxygen is used as oxidant, the voltage of the commonly used cell (Ni-YSZ anode) is 0.8V when anodic oxidation does not occur (based on theoretical calculations, existing literature, and experimental observations). Therefore, the current at 0.8V is the known safe condition.

[0159] (2) Set the test current to be greater than the reference current, but less than the fuel limiting current of the solid oxide fuel cell. The fuel limiting current is the theoretical current that can be generated when the fuel introduced into the solid oxide fuel cell is completely oxidized through an electrochemical reaction. This method of setting the test current allows the solid oxide fuel cell to potentially oxidize, which can be used to identify safety boundaries; however, at the fuel limiting current or a current greater than that, the cell will definitely oxidize, therefore the test does not generate information (it does not eliminate uncertainty) and may damage the cell, which is neither beneficial nor harmful.

[0160] When implementing step 302, the voltage response data measured during the test and recovery periods can be recorded at certain time intervals using a data measurement device, and the recorded results can be stored in the data storage unit, or the recorded results can be directly sent to the real-time data analysis unit to execute steps 303 and 304. The test voltage response and recovery voltage response generated in step 102 are as follows: Figure 7A As shown.

[0161] The implementation process of steps 303 and 304 can be referred to the foregoing embodiments, and will not be described in detail here. In one embodiment, a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of determining the relaxation time in step 303 is shown below. Figure 7B As shown. Figure 7B In the figure, V0 is the voltage at the starting point of the fitting time range. When there is more than one relaxation process in the battery, τ1 is the shorter relaxation time and τ2 is the longer relaxation time.

[0162] When performing step 305, adjusting the test current includes simultaneously adjusting the test current using the following methods: I 1新 =I 1旧 +X, where X is the adjustment step size, for example, 1A, 0.5A, 2A, typically selected as 1% to 5% of the operating current, I 1旧 For the previous test current, I 1新 This is the adjusted test current.

[0163] In one embodiment of this article, after setting the fuel flow rate, reference current, and test current of the solid oxide fuel cell, the method further includes:

[0164] Using the fuel flow rate and reference current, the solid oxide fuel cell is controlled to operate until the temperature stabilizes, and then a period of time is waited, for example, 15 minutes.

[0165] This embodiment enables the solid oxide fuel cell to be placed in a steady state, thereby improving the accuracy of subsequent anodizing detection.

[0166] In one embodiment of this article, such as Figure 4 As shown, the method for determining the operating condition boundaries of a solid oxide fuel cell includes, in addition to step 306 in step 301 above, the following:

[0167] Step 307: Determine whether all fuel flow rates in the fuel flow rate list to be tested have been traversed;

[0168] Step 308: If not, reset the fuel flow rate of the solid oxide fuel cell and re-execute the steps for controlling the operation of the solid oxide fuel cell.

[0169] Step 309: If yes, then determine the safe current boundary for each fuel flow rate based on the maximum test current before anodizing occurs.

[0170] In step 307, the fuel flow rate in the fuel flow rate list to be measured is a predetermined fuel flow rate. During implementation, the fuel flow rate in the fuel flow rate list to be measured can be traversed in ascending order of fuel flow rate value.

[0171] Based on the same inventive concept, this paper also provides a solid oxide fuel cell anode oxidation detection device, as described in the following embodiments. Since the principle of the solid oxide fuel cell anode oxidation detection device in solving the problem is similar to that of the solid oxide fuel cell anode oxidation detection method, the implementation of the solid oxide fuel cell anode oxidation detection device can refer to the solid oxide fuel cell anode oxidation detection method, and repeated details will not be elaborated further.

[0172] Specifically, such as Figure 5 As shown, the solid oxide fuel cell anode oxidation detection device includes:

[0173] The setting unit 501 is used to receive the set test current and determine the fuel flow rate and operating current of the solid oxide fuel cell.

[0174] Test unit 502 is used to apply a test current to a solid oxide fuel cell and maintain the test duration, and to apply a working current to a solid oxide fuel cell and maintain the recovery duration.

[0175] The calculation unit 503 is used to calculate the relaxation time based on the voltage response data measured during the test and recovery period;

[0176] The anodizing detection unit 504 is used to determine whether anodizing has occurred in the solid oxide fuel cell based on the relaxation time and the operating conditions of the solid oxide fuel cell. If anodizing has not occurred, the test current is adjusted to the operating current.

[0177] This embodiment is based on voltage data at a conventional sampling frequency, which has the advantages of fast, accurate and low cost detection. It is suitable for the early diagnosis of fuel shortage / empty faults and the resulting anode Ni oxidation phenomenon, and can be used for real-time monitoring of solid oxide fuel cells. The battery operating current can be adjusted according to the detection results to meet the cost and safety requirements of solid oxide fuel cell systems.

[0178] Based on the same inventive concept, this paper also provides a device for determining the operating condition boundary of a solid oxide fuel cell, as described in the following embodiments. Since the principle of the device for determining the operating condition boundary of a solid oxide fuel cell is similar to that of the method for determining the operating condition boundary of a solid oxide fuel cell, the implementation of the device can refer to the method for determining the operating condition boundary of a solid oxide fuel cell, and the repetitions will not be repeated.

[0179] Specifically, such as Figure 6As shown, the device for determining the operating condition boundaries of a solid oxide fuel cell includes:

[0180] Setting unit 601 is used to set the fuel flow rate, reference current and test current of solid oxide fuel cell;

[0181] Test unit 602 is used to apply a test current to a solid oxide fuel cell and maintain the test duration, and to apply a reference current to a solid oxide fuel cell and maintain the recovery duration.

[0182] The calculation unit 603 is used to calculate the relaxation time based on the voltage response data measured during the test and recovery period;

[0183] The anodizing detection unit 604 is used to determine whether anodizing has occurred in the solid oxide fuel cell based on the relaxation time and the operating conditions of the solid oxide fuel cell.

[0184] If no anodizing occurs, the setting unit 601 adjusts the test current, restarts the test unit 602 to apply the test current to the solid oxide fuel cell and maintain the test duration, and starts other units.

[0185] Boundary condition determination unit 606 is used to use the current test current as the critical current for the current temperature and current fuel flow rate if anodizing occurs.

[0186] In a further embodiment, the system further includes: a circulation control unit 607, used to determine whether all fuel flows in the fuel flow list to be tested have been traversed; if not, the setting unit 601 sets the fuel flow of the solid oxide fuel cell and restarts other units to execute the steps of controlling the operation of the solid oxide fuel cell; if so, the fuel flow boundary is determined based on the fuel flow that has not undergone anodizing.

[0187] This embodiment can quickly and sensitively detect whether anode Ni oxidation occurs in a solid oxide fuel cell, and determine the current boundary and fuel flow boundary of the fuel flow rate.

[0188] To more clearly illustrate the technical effects of the text compared to existing technologies, the following detailed description is provided using some specific embodiments.

[0189] To demonstrate the reliability of the relaxation criterion value as a function of test current when anodic Ni oxidation has not occurred and has occurred, this embodiment tested two batteries. For each battery, at each tested fuel flow rate, the voltage response when the test current is greater than the critical current I1 > I3 was additionally tested. For example... Figure 8A and Figure 8BAs shown, battery 1 was tested for a duration of t1 = 20s and recovered for a duration of t2 = 90s; battery 2 was tested for a duration of t1 = 20s and recovered for a duration of t2 = 40s. Since the duration of the voltage recovery process in the experiment did not exceed 20s, which is significantly shorter than the recovery time, the difference in the recovery time used by battery 1 and battery 2 does not prevent the comparison between the analysis results of the two batteries, nor does it affect the reliability of the analysis results.

[0190] like Figure 9A As shown, Figure 9A This diagram illustrates the relationship between the change in recovery voltage and relaxation time of battery 1 and the test current at a fuel flow rate of 0.5 SLM H2. Figure 9A It can be seen that the relaxation time τ increases significantly with the increase of the test current. When the test current reaches 63A, the relaxation criterion value s>s * Therefore, the critical current I3 is 63A, which is consistent with the result obtained by the impedance test method, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

[0191] like Figure 9B As shown, Figure 9B This diagram illustrates the relationship between the steady-state voltage and relaxation criterion values ​​of battery 1 under test and recovery voltage and the test current in the embodiment of this paper. The relaxation criterion values ​​under each test current are smoothed as follows: Figure 9B The smooth relaxation criterion value is shown by the dashed line. The critical current corresponding to the smooth relaxation criterion value is 62.9A (the test current when the smooth relaxation criterion value is equal to 0.5s*SLM).

[0192] like Figure 10A As shown, a multiphysics simulation model is used to predict the limiting current that the battery can achieve when the anodic Ni oxidation phenomenon does not exist. Based on the theoretical critical composition conditions for anodic Ni oxidation, the critical current for anodic Ni oxidation is predicted. Figure 8A , Figure 8B Experimental results Figure 9A and Figure 9B The critical currents of battery 1 obtained from the analysis are compared; the fuel efficiency corresponding to the above critical and limiting currents is also plotted together. Figure 10A In the middle. By Figure 10A It can be seen that when the H2 fuel flow rate does not exceed 0.5 SLM, the critical current obtained in this embodiment is consistent with the prediction result of the simulation model; when the H2 fuel flow rate exceeds 0.5 SLM, the critical current obtained in this embodiment is significantly greater than the prediction result of the simulation model.

[0193] like Figure 11A and Figure 11BAs shown, after the Ni oxidation boundary test at the anode of battery 1, the battery was held for 400 seconds at each test current and the impedance was monitored at 10kHz under an H2 fuel flow rate of 0.5 SLM. The impedance critical current was found to be 63A. Therefore, the critical current measured by the method presented in this paper is consistent with the result obtained from the impedance criterion.

[0194] like Figure 10B As shown, in the experimental results of battery 2, except for the use of Figure 10B In addition to the multiphysics simulation model, the battery impedance at 10kHz was monitored during the Ni oxidation boundary test at the anode, and the impedance critical current was obtained separately using the impedance measurement results. When the H2 fuel flow rate did not exceed 0.5SLM, the critical current obtained in this embodiment was consistent with the simulation model prediction results and the results obtained from the impedance criterion. When the H2 fuel flow rate exceeded 0.5SLM, the critical current obtained in this embodiment was significantly greater than the model prediction results and the results obtained from the impedance criterion.

[0195] Therefore, the results obtained in this embodiment are accurate at H2 fuel flow rates not exceeding 0.5 SLM; and the measurement of the anodic oxidation safety boundary is achieved without the limitation of using impedance testing technology. Furthermore, while the impedance criterion is more sensitive and applicable to a wider range of fuel flow rates, it typically requires 1-2 minutes or longer to achieve a reliable judgment, whereas the voltage relaxation method for determining the occurrence of anodic Ni oxidation faults takes only tens of seconds, making it faster than the impedance method and suitable for early fault identification.

[0196] In addition, when this method is applied to a battery stack, the voltage fitted in the fitted voltage response is the group voltage, which may be the total voltage of two or more cells. When at least one cell in a group undergoes anode Ni oxidation, the corresponding group undergoes anode Ni oxidation. Therefore, when detecting anode Ni oxidation in a group, it is necessary to determine whether there are cells in the group that have undergone anode Ni oxidation based on the total voltage of the group.

[0197] To verify the accuracy of this method when applied to the total voltage of the group, a numerical experiment was conducted to simulate the group voltage response as the voltage fitted by the fitted voltage response. It was assumed that only one cell in the group experienced anodic Ni oxidation, while the remaining cells did not. The relaxation time τ = 2s for the cell with anodic Ni oxidation and τ = 0.2s for the cell without anodic Ni oxidation. The voltage response change ΔV of each cell in the group was 20mV, and the voltage sampling frequency was 10Hz.

[0198] The simulated group voltage response is obtained by using a relaxation model to calculate the theoretical voltage response V(t) of each cell, summing the theoretical voltage responses of each cell to obtain the theoretical group voltage response, adding Gaussian white noise with a standard deviation σ = 0.5mV to the theoretical group voltage response to obtain the noisy group voltage response, and quantizing the noisy group voltage response to an integer millivolt (mV) to obtain the simulated group voltage response.

[0199] like Figure 12A As shown, when fitting the simulated voltage response using the fitted voltage response, the starting point of the fitting time range is t0, and the ending point is t = 10s. Please refer to... Figure 12B When the number of cells in a group is 2 to 10, the relaxation time obtained by using t0=0 decreases rapidly with the increase of the number of cells in the group, which is not conducive to detecting Ni oxidation at the anode of the group. When t0 gradually increases, the obtained relaxation time gradually approaches the relaxation time τ=2s for Ni oxidation at the anode. The reliability of detecting Ni oxidation at the anode of the group is significantly improved based on the relaxation time fitting results. When t0=1s and the number of cells in the group is 2 to 10, the fitted relaxation time is not less than 1.5s. Therefore, this method can detect Ni oxidation faults at the anode of the group by analyzing the group voltage.

[0200] In summary, the embodiments constructed according to the method described above can detect the occurrence of anode Ni oxidation failure in a single cell or a group containing multiple cells. Within a certain fuel flow range, they achieve rapid detection of anode Ni oxidation failure and determine the safe operating conditions within which anode Ni oxidation will not occur. By guiding battery use within the safe operating conditions range, anode Ni oxidation failure can be prevented.

[0201] In one embodiment of this document, a computer device is also provided, such as... Figure 13As shown, computer device 1302 may include one or more processors 1304, such as one or more central processing units (CPUs), each of which may implement one or more hardware threads. Computer device 1302 may also include any memory 1306 for storing information of any kind, such as code, settings, data, etc. Non-limitingly, for example, memory 1306 may include any type of RAM, any type of ROM, flash memory, hard disk, optical disk, etc. More generally, any memory can use any technology to store information. Furthermore, any memory may provide volatile or non-volatile retention of information. Furthermore, any memory may represent a fixed or removable component of computer device 1302. In one case, when processor 1304 executes associated instructions stored in any memory or combination of memories, computer device 1302 may perform any operation of the associated instructions. Computer device 1302 also includes one or more drive mechanisms 1308 for interacting with any memory, such as hard disk drive mechanisms, optical disk drive mechanisms, etc.

[0202] Computer device 1302 may further include an input / output module 1310 (I / O) for receiving various inputs (via input device 1312) and providing various outputs (via output device 1314). A specific output mechanism may include a presentation device 1316 and an associated graphical user interface 1318 (GUI). In other embodiments, the input / output module 1310 (I / O), input device 1312, and output device 1314 may be omitted, and the device may function solely as a computer device within a network. Computer device 1302 may also include one or more network interfaces 1320 for exchanging data with other devices via one or more communication links 1322. One or more communication buses 1324 couple the components described above together.

[0203] Communication link 1322 can be implemented in any way, such as via a local area network, a wide area network (e.g., the Internet), a point-to-point connection, or any combination thereof. Communication link 1322 may include any combination of hardwired links, wireless links, routers, gateway functions, name servers, etc., governed by any protocol or combination of protocols.

[0204] This embodiment also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, performs the steps of the above-described method.

[0205] This embodiment also provides a computer-readable instruction, wherein when a processor executes the instruction, the program therein causes the processor to perform the method described in any of the foregoing embodiments.

[0206] It should be understood that in the various embodiments of this document, the sequence number of each process does not imply the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of this document.

[0207] It should also be understood that, in the embodiments herein, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between associated objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the preceding and following associated objects have an "or" relationship.

[0208] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of both. To clearly illustrate the interchangeability of hardware and software, the components and steps of the various examples have been generally described in terms of functionality in the foregoing description. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this document.

[0209] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems, devices, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0210] In the embodiments provided herein, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the couplings or direct couplings or communication connections shown or discussed may be indirect couplings or communication connections through some interfaces, devices, or units, or they may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms of connection.

[0211] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of the embodiments described herein, depending on actual needs.

[0212] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of this document can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit.

[0213] If the integrated unit is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this paper, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this paper. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0214] This document uses specific embodiments to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this document. The descriptions of the embodiments above are only for the purpose of helping to understand the methods and core ideas of this document. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope based on the ideas of this document. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this document.

Claims

1. A method for detecting anodic oxidation in a solid oxide fuel cell, characterized in that, The anode of the solid oxide fuel cell is made of a nickel-based material, including: Receive the set test current to determine the fuel flow rate and operating current of the solid oxide fuel cell; Apply a test current to the solid oxide fuel cell and maintain the test duration; apply an operating current to the solid oxide fuel cell and maintain the recovery duration. The relaxation time is calculated based on the voltage response data measured during the testing and recovery periods. Based on the relaxation time and the operating conditions of the solid oxide fuel cell, determine whether the solid oxide fuel cell has undergone anodic oxidation. If no anodic oxidation has occurred, adjust the test current to the operating current.

2. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the voltage response data measured during testing and recovery, the relaxation time is calculated, including: Using voltage response data measured during testing and recovery, a relaxation model is established that enables the prediction of the voltage response. Minimize the error between the measured voltage response V(t): Where t is time, V ∞ For a drift-free steady-state voltage, ΔV is the voltage response change, τ is the relaxation time, and k is the voltage drift rate; The relaxation time is determined based on the relaxation model.

3. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Determining whether anodizing occurs in a solid oxide fuel cell based on the relaxation time and operating conditions includes: Calculate the relaxation criterion value based on fuel flow rate and relaxation time; Based on the operating conditions of the solid oxide fuel cell, the relaxation criterion threshold under the corresponding conditions is queried from the database. The database stores the relaxation criterion threshold determined when the solid oxide fuel cell undergoes anodic oxidation at various fuel flow rates. Compare the relaxation criterion value with the queried relaxation criterion threshold. If the relaxation criterion value is less than the queried relaxation criterion threshold, it is determined that no anodizing has occurred. If the relaxation criterion value is greater than or equal to the queried relaxation criterion threshold, it is determined that anodizing has occurred.

4. The method as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The relaxation criterion value is calculated based on the fuel flow rate and relaxation time, including using one of the following formulas: Relaxation criterion value = relaxation time × fuel flow rate; Relaxation criterion value = relaxation time × (fuel flow rate^a) × (battery average absolute temperature^b), where a and b are set values.

5. A method for determining the operating condition boundaries of a solid oxide fuel cell, characterized in that, include: Set the fuel flow rate, reference current, and test current for the solid oxide fuel cell; A test current is applied to the solid oxide fuel cell and held for the test duration; a reference current is applied to the solid oxide fuel cell and held for the recovery duration. The relaxation time is calculated based on the voltage response data measured during the testing and recovery periods. Based on the relaxation time and operating conditions of the solid oxide fuel cell, determine whether anodic oxidation occurs in the solid oxide fuel cell; If anodic oxidation does not occur, adjust the test current and repeat the steps of applying the test current to the solid oxide fuel cell and maintaining the test duration and thereafter. If anodizing occurs, the current test current will be used as the critical current for the current temperature and current fuel flow rate.

6. The method as described in claim 5, characterized in that, Also includes: Determine whether all fuel flow rates in the list of fuel flow rates to be measured have been traversed; If not, reset the fuel flow rate of the solid oxide fuel cell and re-execute the steps for controlling the operation of the solid oxide fuel cell; If so, the safe current boundary for each fuel flow rate is determined based on the maximum test current before anodizing occurs.

7. The method as described in claim 5, characterized in that, Setting the reference current and test current for solid oxide fuel cells includes: Set a reference current based on the safe current of the solid oxide fuel cell; if the solid oxide fuel cell does not have a safe current, set the reference current to the current of the solid oxide fuel cell when the voltage is 0.8V. The test current is set to be greater than the reference current, but less than the fuel limit current of the solid oxide fuel cell.

8. The method as described in claim 5, characterized in that, After setting the fuel flow rate, reference current, and test current for the solid oxide fuel cell, the following steps are also included: Using the fuel flow rate and reference current, the operation of the solid oxide fuel cell is controlled until the temperature stabilizes.

9. A solid oxide fuel cell anode oxidation detection device, characterized in that, include: The setting unit is used to receive the set test current and determine the fuel flow rate and operating current of the solid oxide fuel cell. The test unit is used to apply a test current to the solid oxide fuel cell and maintain the test duration, and to apply an operating current to the solid oxide fuel cell and maintain the recovery duration. The calculation unit is used to calculate the relaxation time based on the voltage response data measured during the test and recovery period; The anodizing detection unit is used to determine whether anodizing has occurred in the solid oxide fuel cell based on the relaxation time and the operating conditions of the solid oxide fuel cell. If anodizing has not occurred, the test current is adjusted to the operating current.

10. A computer device, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

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