A heterogeneous solar interface water evaporator and a preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of water treatment, and discloses a heterogeneous solar interface water evaporator, a preparation method and application thereof. The heterogeneous solar interface water evaporator comprises a light absorption layer and a water transmission layer arranged in a stack; the light absorption layer has an arc-shaped groove; the light absorption layer comprises C, O, Si and Cu. The special composition of the light absorption layer and the arc-shaped groove structure, in cooperation with the water transmission layer, can have a good evaporation effect on water. The light absorption layer and the water transmission layer both have a porous structure and good hydrophilicity, which is conducive to the rapid transmission of water and the improvement of water evaporation efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of water treatment technology, and specifically relates to a heterogeneous solar interface water evaporator, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] A solar-powered interface water evaporator is a device that uses solar energy to promote liquid evaporation. Its principle involves creating an interface through a special surface coating or material that efficiently absorbs solar radiation, thereby converting solar energy into heat energy and accelerating liquid evaporation. A high-efficiency solar-powered interface water evaporator needs to possess characteristics such as high light absorption rate, low thermal conductivity, and high water transport capacity. Compared to traditional water evaporation processes, solar-powered interface water evaporators utilize solar energy directly to provide a heat source, achieving the renewable use of natural resources. Its applications include seawater desalination and wastewater treatment, all of which are directly related to the sustainable use of global water resources and the improvement of the ecological environment.

[0003] Current solar interface water evaporators still have some shortcomings. First, the evaporation efficiency of existing solar interface water evaporators is relatively limited. Second, some solar interface water evaporators use expensive raw materials and have complex manufacturing processes, resulting in long investment cycles. Furthermore, in practical applications, the weather resistance, especially temperature resistance and corrosion resistance, of solar interface water evaporators is crucial; however, current technologies exhibit poor temperature and corrosion resistance, leading to a significant decrease in evaporation efficiency after a period of use. Solving these problems will require targeted technological innovation and systematic optimization to improve the performance of solar interface evaporators in all aspects.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a new type of solar interface water evaporator, which has the characteristics of high evaporation rate, short preparation cycle, suitability for large-scale production, corrosion resistance and high temperature resistance. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, this invention proposes a heterogeneous solar interface water evaporator, its preparation method, and its application. The heterogeneous solar interface water evaporator of this invention has high water evaporation efficiency, corrosion resistance, and high temperature resistance. The preparation method of this invention has a short preparation cycle and is suitable for large-scale production.

[0006] A first aspect of the present invention provides a heterogeneous solar interface water evaporator.

[0007] Specifically, a heterogeneous solar interface water evaporator includes a stacked light absorption layer and a water transport layer;

[0008] The light-absorbing layer has an arc-shaped groove;

[0009] The light-absorbing layer comprises C, O, Si, and Cu.

[0010] Preferably, the water transport layer has an arc-shaped groove.

[0011] Preferably, the light-absorbing layer, by mass fraction, comprises 53-59% C, 18-22% O, 8-12% Si, and 10-15% Cu; more preferably, the light-absorbing layer, by mass fraction, comprises 55-56.5% C, 19-20.2% O, 10-10.5% Si, and 12-13.04% Cu. The light-absorbing layer with specific components and contents (beneficial for improving light absorption rate), combined with the arc-shaped grooves on the surface of the light-absorbing layer and the water transport layer described in this invention, enables the heterogeneous solar interface water evaporator to have good water evaporation efficiency.

[0012] Preferably, the water transport layer comprises C, O, and Si.

[0013] Preferably, the water transport layer comprises, by mass fraction, 60-63% C, 24-26% O, and 11-13% Si; more preferably, 61.5-62.5% C, 24.5-25% O, and 12-12.5% ​​Si. The water transport layer exhibits good hydrophilicity and also provides some thermal insulation, which helps to improve the evaporation efficiency of water.

[0014] Preferably, both the light-absorbing layer and the water transport layer have a porous structure. The porous structure is beneficial for water transport and evaporation.

[0015] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a heterogeneous solar interface water evaporator.

[0016] Specifically, a method for preparing a heterogeneous solar interface water evaporator includes the following steps:

[0017] (1) Mix diatomaceous earth and wax, heat to obtain mixture A, and then place mixture A in a mold for pre-pressing to obtain a rough sample of water transport layer;

[0018] (2) Mix diatomaceous earth, Cu and wax, heat to obtain mixture B, then put the mixture B on the surface of the water transport layer rough sample, pre-press to obtain the light absorption layer rough sample, then place the spherical object on the surface of the light absorption layer rough sample, press to obtain the rough sample with an arc-shaped groove on the surface.

[0019] (3) The rough sample with the arc-shaped groove on the surface is fired by the carbon embedding method to obtain the heterogeneous solar interface water evaporator.

[0020] Preferably, in step (1), the waxy substance includes paraffin, such as 58# paraffin.

[0021] Preferably, in step (1), the mass ratio of diatomaceous earth to waxy substances is 1:(0.2-1), more preferably 1:(0.3-0.9), and even more preferably 1:(0.5-0.8).

[0022] Preferably, in step (1), the heating temperature is 110-120℃ and the heating time is 40-120 minutes, more preferably 116-120℃ and the heating time is 60-120 minutes.

[0023] Preferably, in step (1), during the heating process, the mixture is removed and stirred for 20-30 seconds every 10-20 minutes. This is to make the mixture more uniform.

[0024] Preferably, in step (1), the pressure of the pre-compression molding is 3-6 MPa, and the pressure of the pre-compression molding is 4-5 MPa.

[0025] Preferably, in step (1), the pre-compression molding time is 20-60 seconds, and more preferably 30-60 seconds.

[0026] Preferably, in step (1), the diatomaceous earth is in powder form.

[0027] Preferably, in step (1), the mixture A is ground into powder.

[0028] Preferably, in step (2), the mass ratio of diatomaceous earth, Cu, and wax is 0.6:(0.2-0.7):(0.2-0.7), more preferably 0.6:(0.2-0.6):(0.2-0.6), and even more preferably 0.6:0.4:0.6.

[0029] Preferably, in step (2), the heating temperature is 110-120℃ and the heating time is 40-120 minutes, more preferably 116-120℃ and the heating time is 60-120 minutes.

[0030] Preferably, in step (2), the mixture B is ground into powder.

[0031] Preferably, in step (2), the diatomaceous earth, Cu, and wax are all in powder form.

[0032] Preferably, in step (2), the pressure of the pre-compression molding is 3-6 MPa, and the pressure of the pre-compression molding is 4-5 MPa.

[0033] Preferably, in step (2), the pre-compression molding time is 20-60 seconds, and more preferably 30-60 seconds.

[0034] Preferably, in step (2), the spherical object includes a steel ball.

[0035] Preferably, in step (2), the diameter of the sphere is 5-10 mm, and more preferably 6-8 mm.

[0036] Preferably, in step (3), the carbon embedding method involves embedding the rough sample with an arc-shaped groove on its surface into activated carbon for firing.

[0037] Preferably, in step (3), the firing temperature is 900-1000℃ and the firing time is 1-2 hours.

[0038] Preferably, in step (3), the heating rate during the firing process is 8-10℃ / min.

[0039] Preferably, in step (3), the calcination is carried out in a muffle furnace.

[0040] A third aspect of the present invention provides an application of a heterogeneous solar interface water evaporator.

[0041] The above-mentioned heterogeneous solar interface water evaporator is used in the field of water treatment.

[0042] Preferably, the water treatment field includes seawater desalination and wastewater treatment.

[0043] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0044] (1) The heterogeneous solar interface water evaporator of the present invention includes a stacked light absorption layer and a water transport layer; the light absorption layer has an arc-shaped groove; the light absorption layer includes C, O, Si, and Cu. Due to the special composition of the light absorption layer and the arc-shaped groove structure, combined with the water transport layer, it can achieve a good evaporation effect on water. Both the light absorption layer and the water transport layer have porous structures and good hydrophilicity, which is conducive to the rapid transport of water and also to improving the water evaporation efficiency.

[0045] (2) The preparation method of the present invention uses the embedded carbon method for firing, which can be carried out in an air atmosphere without the need for a protective atmosphere, thus saving preparation costs. Moreover, the preparation method of the present invention has a short preparation cycle and is suitable for large-scale production. Attached Figure Description

[0046] Figure 1 This is a physical image of the heterogeneous solar interface water evaporator prepared in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the process of pressing with steel balls in step (2) of embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the heterogeneous solar interface water evaporator prepared in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 4 This is a SEM image of the light absorption layer of the heterogeneous solar interface water evaporator in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 5 The image shows the SEM image and corresponding Cu element distribution diagram of the heterogeneous solar interface water evaporator of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0051] Figure 6 This is a diagram showing the water contact angles of the light absorption layer and water transport layer of the heterogeneous solar interface water evaporator in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0052] Figure 7 This is a diagram showing the water evaporation effect of the heterogeneous solar interface water evaporator in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0053] To enable those skilled in the art to more clearly understand the technical solutions described in this invention, the following embodiments are provided for illustration. It should be noted that the following embodiments do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection claimed by this invention.

[0054] Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials, reagents or devices used in the following examples are available from conventional commercial sources or can be obtained by existing known methods.

[0055] Example 1: Preparation of a heterogeneous solar interfacial water evaporator

[0056] A method for preparing a heterogeneous solar interface water evaporator includes the following steps:

[0057] (1) Mix diatomaceous earth powder and paraffin powder (58# paraffin) in a mass ratio of 1:0.6, then heat in an oven at 120℃ for 2 hours. Stir every 30 minutes during heating. Cool to room temperature and grind into powder to obtain mixture A. Then place 0.8g of mixture A in a mold for pre-pressing. The pre-pressing pressure is 5MPa and the pre-pressing time is 60 seconds to obtain a rough sample of the water transport layer.

[0058] (2) Mix diatomaceous earth powder, Cu powder, and paraffin powder (58# paraffin) in a mass ratio of 0.6:0.4:0.6, then heat in an oven at 120℃ for 2 hours, cool to room temperature, grind into powder to obtain mixture B, then put 0.8g of mixture B on the surface of the water transport layer rough sample and pre-press it. The pre-pressing pressure is 5MPa and the pre-pressing time is 60 seconds to obtain the light absorption layer rough sample. Then place a steel ball with a diameter of 6.35mm on the surface of the light absorption layer rough sample and press it. The pressing pressure is 10MPa and the pressing time is 60 seconds to obtain the rough sample with an arc-shaped groove on the surface.

[0059] (3) The rough sample with an arc-shaped groove on the surface is fired by the carbon embedding method. The carbon embedding method is to embed the rough sample with an arc-shaped groove on the surface into a crucible containing activated carbon and fire it in an air atmosphere. The firing process is to heat it to 1000°C at a heating rate of 10°C per minute and then keep it at that temperature for 2 hours to obtain a heterogeneous solar interface water evaporator.

[0060] Example 2: Preparation of a heterogeneous solar interface water evaporator

[0061] A method for preparing a heterogeneous solar interface water evaporator includes the following steps:

[0062] (1) Mix diatomaceous earth powder and paraffin powder (58# paraffin) in a mass ratio of 1:0.5, then heat in an oven at 120℃ for 2 hours. Stir every 30 minutes during heating. Cool to room temperature and grind into powder to obtain mixture A. Then place 1g of mixture A in a mold for pre-pressing. The pre-pressing pressure is 5MPa and the pre-pressing time is 60 seconds to obtain a rough sample of the water transport layer.

[0063] (2) Mix diatomaceous earth powder, Cu powder, and paraffin powder (58# paraffin) in a mass ratio of 0.5:0.5:0.6, then heat in an oven at 120℃ for 2 hours, cool to room temperature, grind into powder to obtain mixture B, then put 1g of mixture B on the surface of the water transport layer rough sample and pre-press it. The pre-pressing pressure is 5MPa and the pre-pressing time is 60 seconds to obtain the light absorption layer rough sample. Then place a steel ball with a diameter of 6.35mm on the surface of the light absorption layer rough sample and press it. The pressing pressure is 10MPa and the pressing time is 60 seconds to obtain the rough sample with an arc-shaped groove on the surface.

[0064] (3) The rough sample with an arc-shaped groove on the surface is fired by the carbon embedding method. The carbon embedding method is to embed the rough sample with an arc-shaped groove on the surface into a crucible containing activated carbon and fire it in an air atmosphere. The firing process is to heat it to 950°C at a heating rate of 10°C per minute and then keep it at that temperature for 2 hours to obtain a heterogeneous solar interface water evaporator.

[0065] Example 3: Preparation of a heterogeneous solar interface water evaporator

[0066] A method for preparing a heterogeneous solar interface water evaporator includes the following steps:

[0067] (1) Mix diatomaceous earth powder and paraffin powder (58# paraffin) in a mass ratio of 1:0.7, then heat in an oven at 120℃ for 2 hours. Stir every 30 minutes during heating. Cool to room temperature and grind into powder to obtain mixture A. Then place 1.5g of mixture A in a mold for pre-pressing. The pre-pressing pressure is 5MPa and the pre-pressing time is 60 seconds to obtain a rough sample of the water transport layer.

[0068] (2) Mix diatomaceous earth powder, Cu powder, and paraffin powder (58# paraffin) in a mass ratio of 0.6:0.4:0.7, then heat in an oven at 120℃ for 2 hours, cool to room temperature, grind into powder to obtain mixture B, then put 1.5g of mixture B on the surface of the water transport layer rough sample and pre-press it. The pre-pressing pressure is 5MPa and the pre-pressing time is 60 seconds to obtain the light absorption layer rough sample. Then place a steel ball with a diameter of 6.35mm on the surface of the light absorption layer rough sample and press it. The pressing pressure is 15MPa and the pressing time is 40 seconds to obtain the rough sample with an arc-shaped groove on the surface.

[0069] (3) The rough sample with an arc-shaped groove on the surface is fired by the carbon embedding method. The carbon embedding method is to embed the rough sample with an arc-shaped groove on the surface into a crucible containing activated carbon and fire it in an air atmosphere. The firing process is to heat it to 920°C at a heating rate of 8°C per minute and then keep it at that temperature for 2 hours to obtain a heterogeneous solar interface water evaporator.

[0070] Comparative Example 1

[0071] Compared with Example 1, the only difference of Comparative Example 1 is that the steel ball pressing process was not used, that is, the light absorption layer surface of the heterogeneous solar interface water evaporator finally prepared in Comparative Example 1 does not have arc-shaped grooves.

[0072] Comparative Example 2

[0073] Compared with Example 1, the only difference in Comparative Example 2 is that an equal amount of iron powder is used instead of copper powder in Example 1.

[0074] Comparative Example 3

[0075] Compared with Example 1, the only difference in Comparative Example 3 is that an equal amount of PEG (polyethylene glycol) is used instead of paraffin in Example 1.

[0076] Product effectiveness test

[0077] Figure 1 This is a physical image of the heterogeneous solar interface water evaporator prepared in Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the process of pressing with steel balls in step (2) of embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the heterogeneous solar interface water evaporator prepared in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Figure 2 In the text, 100 represents the water transport layer rough sample during the pressing process using steel balls in step (2), 200 represents the light absorption layer rough sample during the pressing process using steel balls in step (2), and 300 represents the steel ball. Figure 3 In this context, 100' represents the water transport layer, and 200' represents the light absorption layer.

[0078] from Figure 2-3 As can be seen, the heterogeneous solar interface water evaporator prepared by the present invention consists of two layers, an upper layer being a light absorption layer and a lower layer being a water transport layer, and both layers have arc-shaped grooves.

[0079] Figure 4 This is a SEM image of the light absorption layer of the heterogeneous solar interface water evaporator of Embodiment 1 of the present invention; from Figure 4 It can be seen that the white film of the light absorption layer has a porous structure and an arc-shaped groove structure, among which... Figure 4 Figure (b) is Figure 4 A magnified view of part of figure (a).

[0080] Figure 5 Here are the SEM images and corresponding Cu elemental distribution diagrams of the heterogeneous solar interface water evaporator of Embodiment 1 of the present invention; from Figure 5 It can be seen that the surface of the heterogeneous solar interface water evaporator in Example 1 has a large number of porous structures, and the surface of the light absorption layer contains Cu.

[0081] EDS (Energy Dispersive Spectrum) analysis determined the elemental composition of the light absorption layer of the heterogeneous solar interface water evaporator in Example 1 to be: C 56.49wt%, O 56.49wt%, Si 10.27wt%, Cu 13.04wt%.

[0082] Figure 6 This is a diagram showing the water contact angles of the light absorption layer and water transport layer of the heterogeneous solar interface water evaporator in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Figure 6 Figure (a) shows the water contact angle diagram of the upper light-absorbing layer. Figure 6 Figure (b) shows the water contact angle diagram of the lower water transport layer, from... Figure 6 It can be seen that both the light absorption layer and the water transport layer of the present invention have good hydrophilicity, which is beneficial to the transport and evaporation of water.

[0083] Figure 7 This is a diagram showing the water evaporation effect of the heterogeneous solar interface water evaporator in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Figure 7 The test conditions were as follows: Seawater was poured into a glass cup, and the solar interface water evaporator prepared in Example 1 was placed on the surface of the seawater in the glass cup. A xenon lamp was used as a simulated solar light source, and a solar light intensity of 1000 W / m² was applied. 2 The irradiation intensity was used to test the water evaporation performance. Figure 7 It can be seen that the water evaporation efficiency of the heterogeneous solar interface water evaporator in Example 1 reaches 3.51 kg / (m³). 2 h), if the seawater is replaced with pure water, the result is similar. The water evaporation efficiency of the heterogeneous solar interface water evaporators in Comparative Examples 1-3 was tested under these conditions, and the results were 1.90 kg / (m³). 2 h), 2.85kg / (m 2 h), 3.10kg / (m 2 h).

[0084] Example 1: High temperature resistance test of heterogeneous solar interface water evaporator: After being treated in air at 200℃ for 10 days, the water evaporation performance did not decrease and the shape remained stable.

[0085] Corrosion resistance test: After soaking in HCl and NaOH at a concentration of 1 mol / L for 72 h each, the water evaporation performance of the heterogeneous solar interface water evaporator in Example 1 did not decrease, and its shape remained stable.

[0086] The water evaporation effect in Examples 2-3 is similar to that in Example 1.

Claims

1. A heterogeneous solar interface water evaporator characterized in that, This includes a stacked light-absorbing layer and a water transport layer; The light-absorbing layer has an arc-shaped groove; The light-absorbing layer comprises C, O, Si, and Cu; The heterogeneous solar interface water evaporator is prepared by a method including the following steps: (1) Mix diatomaceous earth and wax, heat to obtain mixture A, and then place mixture A in a mold for pre-pressing to obtain a rough sample of water transport layer; (2) Mix diatomaceous earth, Cu and wax, heat to obtain mixture B, then place mixture B on the surface of the water transport layer rough sample, pre-press to obtain the light absorption layer rough sample, then place the spherical object on the surface of the light absorption layer rough sample, press to obtain the rough sample with an arc-shaped groove on the surface. (3) The rough sample with the arc-shaped groove on the surface is fired by the carbon embedding method to obtain the heterogeneous solar interface water evaporator.

2. The heterogeneous solar interface water evaporator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The light-absorbing layer, by mass fraction, comprises 53-59% C, 18-22% O, 8-12% Si, and 10-15% Cu.

3. The heterogeneous solar interface water evaporator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water transport layer comprises C, O, and Si.

4. The heterogeneous solar interface water evaporator according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the light absorption layer and the water transport layer have porous structures.

5. The heterogeneous solar interface water evaporator according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (1), the waxy substance includes paraffin; and / or, the mass ratio of diatomaceous earth to waxy substance is 1:(0.2-1); and / or, in step (1), the heating temperature is 110-120℃ and the heating time is 40-120 minutes.

6. The heterogeneous solar interface water evaporator according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the mass ratio of diatomaceous earth, Cu, and wax is 0.6:(0.2-0.7):(0.2-0.7); and / or, in step (2), the pressure of the pre-pressing is 3-6 MPa.

7. The heterogeneous solar interface water evaporator according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step (2), the pressure of the pre-compression molding is 4-5 MPa.

8. The heterogeneous solar interface water evaporator according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the spherical object includes a steel ball, and the diameter of the spherical object is 5-10 mm.

9. The heterogeneous solar interface water evaporator according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (3), the carbon embedding method involves embedding the rough sample with an arc-shaped groove on its surface into activated carbon for firing; and / or, in step (3), the firing temperature is 900-1000℃ and the firing time is 1-2 hours.

10. The application of the heterogeneous solar interface water evaporator according to any one of claims 1-9 in the field of water treatment.

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