Method for mining thin metal ore by non-explosive method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for mining thin metal ore in a non-explosive manner, and the operation steps are as follows: 1. excavating upper and lower vein lanes along the thin metal ore body, and excavating upper and lower front vein lanes and upper and lower rear vein lanes perpendicular to the upper and lower vein lanes; 2. dividing the mining body into N mining sections; 3. drilling rope holes at the four corners of each mining section; 4. laying tracks in the upper vein lane, installing a lift and a rope saw machine on the tracks, and mining each mining section by a rope saw method; ⑤ Use diamond wire saw to cut out the horizontal ore seam on the mining body; ⑥ Cut out the left ore seam of the first mining section; ⑦ The elevator lifts the expander in the lower vein tunnel and immerses it in the left ore seam to start cutting the middle ore seam of the first mining section; ⑧ The movable plate on the expander is expanded under the thrust of the high-pressure air bag, causing the mining body to collapse and fall. The collapsed ore hits the lower vein tunnel and breaks into pieces. The broken ore is transported out through the lower front vein tunnel by a shovel loader and a mine car.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a metal ore body mining technology, in particular to a method for mining thin metal ore in a non-blasting manner. Background Art

[0002] The prior art generally uses a construction method of drilling blasting holes → loading explosives → blasting explosives for underground thin metal ores.

[0003] When using blasting to mine a thin metal ore body with a thickness of 0.6m to 1.1m, it is very difficult to drill the blasting hole automatically by machine due to the unevenness of the two walls, and manual drilling of the blasting hole is required. When drilling the blasting hole, even if manual and simple drilling rigs are used, the operating width must be at least 1.5m. As a result, a large amount of surrounding rock of the thin metal ore body is also mined together, resulting in a large amount of waste rock, a high rate of lean ore, and increased mining costs. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to propose a method for mining thin metal ores in a non-blasting manner that can achieve safety, environmental protection, high efficiency and economy.

[0005] The method of mining thin metal ore by non-explosion method which can solve the above technical problems adopts a wire saw machine, a diamond wire saw and a ore dropping device for operation, and the scheme steps are as follows:

[0006] 1. Within the scope of the predetermined operation area, two horizontal upper and lower vein tunnels with a distance of H are excavated along the thin metal ore body, and upper and lower front vein tunnels and upper and lower rear vein tunnels are excavated perpendicular to the upper and lower vein tunnels. The distance between the front and rear vein tunnels is L, and the thin metal ore between the front and rear vein tunnels is a mining body with a thickness of 0.6m to 1.1m.

[0007] 2. Divide the mining body into N mining sections, and the length of each mining section is L1.

[0008] 3. Starting from the front end of the vein tunnel, drill upward and downward rope holes at the four corners of each mining section, lay tracks in the upper vein tunnel, install the elevator and rope saw of the ore dropping device on the tracks, and mine each mining section one by one using the rope saw method.

[0009] 4. A wire saw machine is used to drive a diamond wire saw through (2N+2) wire threading holes to cut out (N+1) transverse ore seams in the mining body from front to back.

[0010] 5. Use a wire saw machine to drive a diamond wire saw through the wire threading hole to cut out the left side of the first mining section.

[0011] 6. The elevator lifts the thin expander of the ore-dropping device in the lower ore vein tunnel and immerses it into the left ore-dropping seam at a distance of h. A diamond wire saw is used to start cutting the middle ore-dropping seam of the first mining section from bottom to top.

[0012] 7. When the progress of cutting the middle ore seam upward reaches E=h+(50mm~200mm), it stops, and the high-pressure air bag installed on the fixed plate of the thin expander expands, pushing the movable plate hinged to the fixed plate and located on the high-pressure air bag to rotate outward, thereby causing the mining body below the diamond wire saw to collapse and fall. After the ore falls, the high-pressure air bag and the movable plate are reset, and the collapsed ore hits the lower vein tunnel and breaks into pieces. The broken ore is transported out through the lower front vein tunnel by a shovel loader and a mine car.

[0013] 8. The elevator gradually raises the height h of the thin expander and repeats step 7, thereby completing the mining of the left half of the first mining section.

[0014] 9. Use a wire saw machine to drive a diamond wire saw through the wire threading hole to start cutting the right side ore drop seam of the first mining section. The elevator lifts the thick expander of the ore drop device in the lower ore vein tunnel to a distance of h in the left half of the first mining section and repeats steps 7 and 8, thereby completing the mining of the right half of the first mining section.

[0015] 10. The elevator and the wire saw machine drive the diamond wire saw to move backward step by step by a distance of L1 and repeat steps 5 to 9 to complete the mining of the entire mining body.

[0016] Furthermore, when the thickness of the mining body is less than 0.6 m, a diamond wire saw of a wire saw machine is used to cut out a transverse ore drop seam and two ore drop seams on the left and right sides, and a thin expander of a ore drop device is used to perform ore drop operations.

[0017] Furthermore, when the thickness of the mining body is 1.1m to 1.6m, the diamond wire saw of the wire saw machine is used to cut out the horizontal ore-dropping seam and four ore-dropping seams on the left, left middle, right middle and right sides, and the thin expander and thick expander of the ore-dropping device are used to carry out the ore-dropping operation.

[0018] Conventionally, H = 40m ~ 100m, L = 50m ~ 400m, L1 = 3.0m ~ 6.0m, h = 300mm ~ 1000mm, the diameter of the rope threading hole = φ50mm ~ φ80mm.

[0019] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0020] 1. Compared with the existing blasting method, the non-blasting method for mining thin metal ores of the present invention can reduce the mining of unnecessary surrounding rocks (the original construction method requires drilling holes for loading explosives, and mining equipment such as drilling rigs and personnel must enter the mining body. The mining area needs to be at least 1.5m wide. For ore bodies with a thickness of less than 1.1m, especially ore bodies with a thickness of less than 0.6m, a large amount of surrounding rocks needs to be mined). Since personnel do not need to enter the mining body without sufficient protection, casualties can be greatly reduced.

[0021] 2. The adoption of the technology of the present invention will completely solve the environmental protection restrictions on drilling and blasting. Since the diamond wire saw does not generate vibration when cutting the ore body, it will not have any adverse effects on the stability of the ore body and the mining area. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 An axonometric view of a mining body in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the operation of using a rope saw machine to cut the front end horizontal ore seam in the implementation method.

[0024] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the operation of using a rope saw to cut the left side of the ore seam.

[0025] Figure 4 for Figure 3 AA section view in.

[0026] Figure 5 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the operation of using a rope saw to cut the middle ore seam.

[0027] Figure 6 for Figure 5 The BB section view in the figure includes a schematic diagram of the operation of using an expander to drop the mine.

[0028] Figure number identification: 1. Mining body; 1-1. First mining section; 2. Upper ore vein tunnel; 3. Lower ore vein tunnel; 4. Upper front through-vein tunnel; 5. Lower front through-vein tunnel; 6. Upper rear through-vein tunnel; 7. Lower rear through-vein tunnel; 8. Track; 9. Wire saw machine; 10. Elevator; 11. Diamond wire saw; 12. Expander; 13. Ore seam; 14. Wire rope. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings.

[0030] The present invention adopts a non-explosive method for mining thin metal ore. A wire saw machine 9 drives a diamond wire saw 11 to cut the thin metal ore body to cut out a free surface for ore falling. The ore body of designed capacity is broken by a ore falling device (including an elevator 10 and an expander 12). The fallen ore body hits the lower ore vein tunnel 3 and becomes crushed ore. The crushed ore is then transported outward by ore transport equipment. The operation scheme steps are as follows:

[0031] 1. Within the scope of the predetermined operation area, excavate the upper and lower vein tunnels 2 and 3 above and below the thin metal ore body, and the distance between the upper and lower vein tunnels 2 and 3 is H = 40m ~ 100m. Excavate the upper front vein tunnel 4, the lower front vein tunnel 5, the upper rear vein tunnel 6 and the lower rear vein tunnel 7 perpendicular to the upper and lower vein tunnels 2 and 3 at a distance of L = 50m ~ 400m in the direction of the ore vein. The thin metal ore body between the front and rear vein tunnels is the mining body 1. The thickness of the mining body 1 (left and right) is 0.6m ~ 1.1m. The mining body 1 is divided into N mining sections, and the length of each mining section is L 1＝ 3.0m~6.0m ， like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 4 , Figure 6 shown.

[0032] 2. Starting from the front end of the ore vein tunnel, use a drill to drill upward and downward inclined rope holes (φ = 50mm ~ φ80mm) at the four corners of each mining section. The inclination angle of each rope hole is α. For example, on the first mining section 1-1, the four rope holes are ac, a1c1, bd, and b1d1. A total of (2+2N) rope holes need to be drilled on a mining body 1. Figure 1 shown.

[0033] 3. Lay a track 8 in the upper ore vein tunnel 2, install the elevator 10 of the ore dropping device and the rope saw machine 9 on the track 8, and mine each mining section one by one using the rope saw method.

[0034] 4. A diamond wire saw 11 is inserted through the two wire holes ac and bd, and a wire saw machine 9 is used to drive the diamond wire saw 11 to cut out a front transverse ore-dropping seam 13 (abdc) of the first mining section 1-1. To improve efficiency, the wire saw machine 9 can be used to drive the diamond wire saw 11 to saw two transverse ore-dropping seams 13 at the same time, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 shown.

[0035] 5. Repeat step 4 to complete the sawing of all (N+1) transverse ore-falling seams 13 on the mining body 1 from front to back.

[0036] 6. A diamond wire saw 11 is inserted through the two wire holes ac and a1c1, and the wire saw machine 9 drives the diamond wire saw 11 to cut out the left side ore seam 13 (aa1c1c) of the first mining section 1-1. Figure 1 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 shown.

[0037] Figure 3 The angle α shown in is the angle formed naturally by the ore body. To ensure smooth self-weight ore falling, the smaller the angle α is, the better. However, the smaller the angle α is set, the narrower the applicable scope of the present invention. It is suitable for the present invention to be α≤30°.

[0038] 7. In the lower mine tunnel 3, a thin expander 12 is set corresponding to the left mine seam 13 (aa1c1c), and the front and rear ends of the fixed plate of the thin expander 12 are connected to the front and rear wire ropes 14 of the elevator 10. The elevator 10 lifts the fixed plate and the movable plate hinged on the upper end of the fixed plate into the left mine seam 13 (aa1c1c) by a distance of h = 300mm to 1000mm. Figure 6 shown.

[0039] 8. A diamond wire saw 11 is inserted through the front and rear transverse ore-dropping seams 13, and a wire saw machine 9 is used to drive the diamond wire saw 11 to start cutting the middle lateral ore-dropping seam 13 (ee1f1f) of the first mining section 1-1 from bottom to top. When the progress E of cutting the middle lateral ore-dropping seam 13 (ee1f1f) is E=h+50mm-200mm, the cutting is stopped, and the high-pressure air bag on the fixed plate expands (can generate an expansion thrust of about 100 tons), pushing the movable plate hinged to the fixed plate and located on the high-pressure air bag to rotate outward and open. The opened movable plate causes the left part of the first mining section 1-1 below the diamond wire saw 11 to collapse and fall. After the ore falls, the high-pressure air bag and the movable plate are reset, and the collapsed ore hits downward in the lower ore vein tunnel 3 and breaks. The crushed ore is transported outward through the lower front vein tunnel 5 by a scraper and a mine car. Figure 5 , Figure 6 As shown;

[0040] 9. The elevator 10 gradually raises the height h of the thin expander 12 and repeats step 8, thereby completing the mining of the left half of the first mining section 1-1.

[0041] 10. In the lower mine tunnel 3, a thick expander 12 is set corresponding to the left half of the first mining section 1-1, and the front and rear ends of the fixed plate of the thick expander 12 are connected to the front and rear wire ropes 14 of the elevator 10. The elevator 10 lifts the fixed plate and the movable plate hinged to the upper end of the fixed plate into the left half of the first mining section 1-1 by a distance of h = 300mm to 1000mm. Figure 6 shown.

[0042] 11. A diamond wire saw 11 is installed through two wire threading holes bd and b1d1. The wire saw machine 9 is used to drive the diamond wire saw 11 to start cutting the right side ore-falling seam 13 (bb1d1d) of the first mining section 1-1 from bottom to top. When the cutting process E of the right side ore-falling seam 13 (bb1d1d) reaches h+(50mm-200mm), the cutting is stopped. The high-pressure air bag on the fixed plate expands (can generate an expansion thrust of about 100 tons), pushing the movable plate hinged to the fixed plate and located on the high-pressure air bag to rotate outward and open. The opened movable plate causes the right part of the first mining section 1-1 below the diamond wire saw 11 to collapse and fall. After the ore falls, the high-pressure air bag and the movable plate are reset. The collapsed ore hits the lower ore vein tunnel 3 and breaks. The crushed ore is transported outward through the lower front vein tunnel 5 by a scraper and a mine car. Figure 5 , Figure 6 shown.

[0043] 12. The elevator 10 gradually raises the height h of the thick expander 12 and repeats step 11, thereby completing the mining of the right half of the first mining section 1-1.

[0044] 13. The elevator 12 and the rope saw machine 9 move backward step by step by a distance of L1 and repeat steps 6 to 12, thereby completely mining the mining body 1.

[0045] 14. When the thickness ab of the mining body 1 is less than 0.6 m, the diamond wire saw 11 of the wire saw machine 9 is used to cut out the transverse ore-dropping seam 13 and the two left and right ore-dropping seams 13, and the thin expander 12 of the ore-dropping device is used to carry out the ore-dropping operation.

[0046] 15. When the thickness of the mining body 1 is ab = 1.1m-1.6m, the diamond wire saw 11 of the wire saw machine 9 is used to cut out the horizontal ore-dropping seam 13 and four ore-dropping seams 13 on the left, left middle, right middle and right sides, and the thin expander 12 and thick expander 12 of the ore-dropping device are used to carry out the ore-dropping operation.

[0047] Compared with the existing blasting method, the present invention can reduce the unnecessary surrounding rock for mining (the original construction method requires drilling holes for loading explosives, drilling rigs and other mining equipment and personnel to enter the mining body, the mining area needs to be at least 1.5m wide, and for ore bodies with a thickness of less than 1.1m, especially ore bodies with a thickness of less than 0.6m, a large amount of surrounding rock needs to be mined). In the present invention, personnel do not need to enter the mining body without sufficient protection, which can greatly reduce casualties; more importantly, the use of the technology of the present invention will completely solve the environmental protection restrictions on drilling, blasting, etc., and the use of diamond wire saws to cut the ore body and the falling ore itself does not generate vibration, and has no effect on the stability of the ore body and the mining area.

Claims

1. A method for mining thin metal ores using a non-explosive method, characterized in that A wire saw machine, a diamond wire saw and a mine-dropping device were used for the operation, and the steps of the scheme are as follows: ①. Within the scope of the predetermined operation area, two horizontal upper and lower vein tunnels with a distance of H are excavated along the thin metal ore body, and upper and lower front vein tunnels and upper and lower rear vein tunnels are excavated perpendicular to the upper and lower vein tunnels. The distance between the front and rear vein tunnels is L, and the thin metal ore between the front and rear vein tunnels is a mining body with a thickness of 0.6m to 1.1m; ② Divide the mining body into N mining sections, and the length of each mining section is L1; ③ Starting from the front end of the mine tunnel, drill upward and downward rope holes at the four corners of each mining section, lay tracks in the upper mine tunnel, install the elevator and rope saw of the ore drop device on the tracks, and mine each mining section one by one using the rope saw method; ④. Use a wire saw machine to drive a diamond wire saw through (2N+2) wire holes to cut out (N+1) horizontal ore seams in the mining body from front to back; ⑤. Use a wire saw machine to drive a diamond wire saw through the wire threading hole to cut out the left side of the first mining section; ⑥. The elevator lifts the thin expander of the ore-dropping device in the lower ore vein tunnel and immerses it into the left ore-dropping seam at a distance of h. The diamond wire saw is used to cut the middle ore-dropping seam of the first mining section from bottom to top; ⑦. When the progress of cutting the middle ore seam upward reaches E=h+(50mm~200mm), it stops, and the high-pressure air bag installed on the fixed plate of the thin expander expands, pushing the movable plate hinged with the fixed plate and located on the high-pressure air bag to rotate outward, so that the mining body under the diamond wire saw collapses and falls. After the ore falls, the high-pressure air bag and the movable plate are reset, and the collapsed ore hits the lower ore vein tunnel and breaks. The broken ore is transported out through the lower front vein tunnel by a scraper and a mine car; ⑧. The elevator gradually raises the height h of the thin expander and repeats step ⑦, thereby completing the mining of the left half of the first mining section; ⑨, using a wire saw machine to drive a diamond wire saw through the wire threading hole to start cutting the right side of the first mining section. The elevator lifts the thick expander of the ore drop device in the lower ore vein tunnel to a distance of h in the left half of the first mining section and repeats steps ⑦ and ⑧, thereby completing the mining of the right half of the first mining section; ⑩. The elevator and the wire saw machine drive the diamond wire saw to move backward step by step by a distance of L1 and repeat steps ⑤ to ⑨ to complete the mining of the entire mining body.

2. The method for mining thin metal ore by non-explosion method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the mining body is less than 0.6m. A wire saw machine is used to drive a diamond wire saw to cut out the transverse ore-dropping seam and the left and right ore-dropping seams, and a thin expander of the ore-dropping device is used to carry out ore-dropping operations.

3. The method for mining thin metal ores by non-explosion according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the mining body is 1.1m to 1.6m. A wire saw machine is used to drive a diamond wire saw to cut out transverse ore-dropping seams and left, left middle, right middle and right ore-dropping seams, and thin expanders and thick expanders of the ore-dropping device are used to carry out ore-dropping operations.

4. The method for mining thin metal ore by non-explosion method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: H=40m~100m, L=50m~400m, L1=3.0m~6.0m, h=300mm~1000mm, the diameter of the rope threading hole φ=50mm~φ80mm.

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