Method for ecological restoration of open pit dump

Abstract

The present application belongs to the field of ecological restoration technology, and particularly relates to an ecological restoration method for a dump of an open-pit mine. The present application utilizes the height advantage of the dump of the open-pit mine, plans the top disc and the slope surface of the dump of the open-pit mine, increases the spreading mode of plant seeds, improves the plant diversity of the place and the periphery of the dump of the open-pit mine, and is beneficial to improving the ecological self-recovery ability of the dump of the open-pit mine and the mining area.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of ecological restoration, and particularly relates to an ecological restoration method for a dump of an open-pit mine. BACKGROUND

[0002] The dump formed by open-pit mining changes the local topographic features. The height and area of the dump are different according to the coal production, but most of them are higher than 50 m, the slope angle is greater than 25°, and the area is greater than 2000 mu, which is equivalent to forming a wind wall from the original flat terrain (for example, grassland), changing the flow direction of the lower layer wind, and further affecting the propagation of plant seeds in the local area, reducing the plant species diversity around the mine, and being not conducive to the ecological restoration of the dump and the mine area. SUMMARY

[0003] The present application aims to provide an ecological restoration method for a dump of an open-pit mine, which aims to utilize the height advantage of the dump of the open-pit mine, improve the plant diversity of the local area and the surrounding area of the dump of the open-pit mine by increasing the propagation mode of plant seeds, and improve the ecological self-recovery ability of the dump and the mine area.

[0004] In order to achieve the above-mentioned application purposes, the present application provides an ecological restoration method for a dump of an open-pit mine, which comprises the following steps:

[0005] Planning a dump top disc of the dump of the open-pit mine;

[0006] Building a dam on the dump slope surface of the dump of the open-pit mine, and the dam is provided with a plurality of water outlet channels at the bottom;

[0007] Spreading plant seeds on the dump top disc;

[0008] Maintaining the dump of the open-pit mine.

[0009] In some embodiments, the water outlet channel comprises a water inlet and a water outlet, the water inlet is arranged on one side of the dam close to the dump slope surface, the water outlet is arranged on the side of the dam away from the dump slope surface, and the diameter of the water inlet is smaller than the diameter of the water outlet.

[0010] In some embodiments, the dam is a multi-layer dam, and each layer of the dam is provided with a plurality of water outlet channels at the bottom.

[0011] In some embodiments, the planning of the dump top disc of the dump of the open-pit mine specifically comprises:

[0012] The planning of the dump top disc of the dump of the open-pit mine is a plurality of strip-shaped belts, soil substrates are laid on the strip-shaped belts to form ridges, and a ridge ditch is formed between two adjacent ridges.

[0013] In some embodiments, the strip-shaped belt is arranged along the annual wind direction of the open-pit mine dump site.

[0014] In some embodiments, the soil matrix comprises a mixture of mining-associated sandy soil, mining-associated clay and animal manure.

[0015] In some preferred embodiments, the mass ratio of mining-associated sandy soil: mining-associated clay: animal manure is 1:1:1.

[0016] In some embodiments, the planning of the dump top plate further comprises: laying a watering pipe in the ground furrow (6).

[0017] In some embodiments, the maintenance of the open-pit mine dump site specifically comprises:

[0018] After the plant seeds are sown, irrigation is performed to maintain the volume water content of the dump top plate soil matrix at 25-30%.

[0019] In some preferred embodiments, the maintenance time is more than 2 years.

[0020] In some embodiments, the plant seeds are 10-30 plant seeds of plants grown within a range of 10 km from the open-pit mine dump site.

[0021] In some preferred embodiments, the plant seeds are pretreated, and the pretreatment method comprises: placing the plant seeds in a-20℃ environment for 48 hours, then placing the plant seeds in a 20℃ environment for 48 hours, and finally soaking the plant seeds in sterile water and a gibberellin-containing aqueous solution for 12-24 hours, respectively.

[0022] In some embodiments, the sowing amount of the plant seeds is 15-25 g / m 3 .

[0023] Another aspect of the present application also provides a method for constructing a seed tower using an open-pit mine dump site, which comprises:

[0024] Planning a dump top plate;

[0025] Building a water retaining dam on the dump slope, and the water retaining dam is provided with a plurality of water outlet channels at the bottom;

[0026] Sowing plant seeds on the dump top plate;

[0027] Maintaining the dump.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0029] (1) The ecological restoration method of the open-pit mine dump provided by the embodiment of the present application comprises the following steps:

[0030] (2) The ecological restoration method of the open-pit mine dump provided by the embodiment of the present application solves the problems of the open-pit mine dump that the local wind speed is blocked, the wind-dispersed plants are blocked, and the plant diversity around is reduced, fully utilizes the height advantage of the dump, improves the ecological self-recovery ability of the open-pit mine dump and the mining area, and can also realize the ecological restoration of the open-pit mine dump. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 The figure is a route map of the ecological restoration method of the open-pit mine dump in the embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Figure 2 The figure is a top disc planning schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 3 The figure is a slope planning schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Figure 4 The figure is a schematic diagram of the dam and the water outlet channel of the dump in the embodiment of the present application.

[0035] Label explanation:

[0036] 1-top disc of the dump; 2-slope of the dump; 3-dam; 4-water outlet channel; 41-water inlet; 42-water outlet; 5-land ridge; 6-land ridge ditch. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] As shown in the figure, the ecological restoration method of the open-pit mine dump provided by the embodiment of the present application comprises the following steps: Figure 1

[0038] Step S101: planning a top disc 1 of an open-pit mine dump;

[0039] Step S102: building a dam 3 on a slope 2 of the open-pit mine dump, and the dam 3 is provided with a plurality of water outlet channels 4 at the bottom;

[0040] Step S103: spreading plant seeds on the top disc 1 of the dump;

[0041] Step S104: maintaining the open-pit mine dump.

[0042] Specifically, in step S101, in some embodiments, the height of the open-pit mine dump is greater than or equal to 50 meters, and the slope angle is greater than 25°.​

[0043] In some embodiments, the planning of the dump top plate 1 of the open-pit mine dump specifically comprises: planning the dump top plate 1 of the open-pit mine dump as a plurality of strip-shaped belts, laying soil medium on the strip-shaped belts to form ridges 5, and forming a ridge ditch 6 between two adjacent ridges 5. The planned dump top plate 1 is as shown in Figure 2 The strip-shaped belts are used to determine the laying position of the soil medium, and the number of strip-shaped belts depends on the area of the dump top plate. The larger the area, the more strip-shaped belts can be arranged.

[0044] In some embodiments, the strip-shaped belts are arranged along the perennial wind direction of the area where the open-pit mine dump is located to reduce the influence of transverse wind on plant growth. The perennial wind direction can be determined according to local historical meteorological data. For example, in the northwest region, the west wind prevails throughout the year, and the strip-shaped belts can be arranged in the east-west direction.

[0045] The soil quality of the dump is mainly composed of sandstone, mudstone, conglomerate, carbonaceous mudstone and quaternary soil generated during coal mining, which is not conducive to seed germination and growth. Therefore, in some embodiments, the soil medium comprises a mixture of mining-associated sand, mining-associated clay and animal manure; preferably, the mass ratio of mining-associated sand: mining-associated clay: animal manure is 1:1:1.

[0046] In a specific embodiment, the width of the ridge 5 is 30 cm, the height is 15 cm, and the interval is 10 cm.

[0047] In some embodiments, the planning of the dump top plate 1 specifically further comprises: laying watering pipes in the ridge ditch 6 to facilitate artificial maintenance during the early stage of seed sowing and to meet the water requirement of the plant growth period. After the seed matures, part of the seed can be spread through wind, animals and other media, and part of the seed can fall into the ridge ditch 6 and be washed to the slope surface of the dump by the accumulated water in the ridge ditch 6 during rainfall or irrigation, thereby increasing the seed spreading path and promoting the formation of plant diversity.

[0048] Step S102 is a slope surface planning step, as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4 A check dam 3 is built on the slope surface 2, and the bottom of the check dam 3 is provided with a plurality of water outlets 4.

[0049] In some embodiments, the check dam 3 is a multi-layer check dam, which can be arranged in intervals or continuously. Each layer of the check dam 3 is provided with a plurality of water outlets 4 at the bottom. The multi-layer check dam can delay the accumulated water flowing down the dump top plate layer by layer, so that the plants can spread and cover the entire slope surface.

[0050] In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 4 The water outlet channel 4 includes a water inlet 41 and a water outlet 42, the water inlet 41 is arranged on one side of the dam 3 close to the slope surface 2, the water outlet 42 is arranged on the other side of the dam 3 away from the slope surface 2, and the diameter of the water inlet 41 is smaller than that of the water outlet 42.

[0051] By arranging the water outlet channel 4 with the water inlet 41 having a smaller diameter than the water outlet 42 on the dam 3, on the one hand, it can avoid the water accumulated on the top disc 1 of the dump from flowing down and washing the slope surface, causing water and soil loss and waste of water resources; on the other hand, the plant seeds carried by the accumulated water can be uniformly scattered on the slope surface through the dispersed water outlet channel 4 of each layer, increasing the range of plant seed propagation and thus increasing the vegetation coverage of the slope surface.

[0052] The planned dump slope surface is shown in Figure 3

[0053] In a specific embodiment, the interval between two adjacent dams in the multi-layer dam is 10 meters.

[0054] In some embodiments, the dam 3 is a cement structure.

[0055] In a specific embodiment, the dam 3 is 30 cm high and 10 cm wide.

[0056] In a specific embodiment, the interval between the water outlet channels 4 in each layer of the dam 3 is 5 meters.

[0057] In a specific embodiment, the diameter of the water inlet 41 of the water outlet channel 4 is 3 cm, and the diameter of the water outlet 42 is 5 cm.

[0058] In step S103, in some embodiments, the plant seeds are 10-30 plant seeds of plants grown within a range of 10 kilometers from the location of the open-pit mine dump.

[0059] Since the shell of the plant seeds is usually hard and not easy to germinate in the wild, in order to promote seed germination and complete ecological restoration as soon as possible, in some embodiments, the plant seeds are pretreated, and the pretreatment method includes: placing the plant seeds in a-20℃ environment for 48 hours, then placing them in a 20℃ environment for 48 hours, and finally soaking them in sterile water and gibberellin-containing aqueous solution for 12-24 hours respectively. Preferably, the concentration of the gibberellin is 80 mg / L.

[0060] In some embodiments, the amount of plant seeds scattered is 15-25 g / m 3 , preferably 25 g / m 3 ​The sowing method can be manual sowing. Preferably, the plant seeds are sown on the strip of the planned top disc 1 of the dump.

[0061] In step S104, in some embodiments, the maintenance of the open-pit dump specifically includes: irrigation after the sowing of the plant seeds, keeping the volume water content of the soil matrix of the top disc of the dump at 25-30%; preferably, the maintenance time is more than 2 years.

[0062] In a specific embodiment, in the maintenance step, irrigation is performed once in the morning and once in the evening after the sowing of the seeds; after the germination of the seeds, the irrigation frequency is appropriately reduced according to the local weather, and reseeding is performed according to the germination. After the plants of the top disc 1 of the dump mature, the plants can spread to the surrounding slopes of the dump through various media such as wind, animals, and rainwater, increase the plant diversity and vegetation coverage of the entire dump and its surrounding area, and complete the ecological restoration.

[0063] Correspondingly, the embodiment of the present application also provides a method for constructing a seed tower by using an open-pit dump, which comprises:

[0064] (i) planning a top disc 1 of a dump;

[0065] (ii) constructing a water retaining dam 3 on the slope 2 of the dump, and the water retaining dam 3 is provided with a plurality of water outlet channels 4 at the bottom;

[0066] (iii) sowing plant seeds on the top disc 1 of the dump;

[0067] (iv) maintaining the dump.

[0068] Wherein, the specific setting methods of steps (i) to (iv) are the same as the specific setting methods of steps S101 to S104 of the ecological restoration method of the open-pit dump in the above, which will not be repeated here.

[0069] In order to enable the above-mentioned implementation details and operations of the present application to be clearly understood by those skilled in the art, and the further performance of the ecological restoration method of the open-pit dump of the embodiment of the present application to be significantly embodied, the above technical solutions are illustrated by the following examples.

[0070] In the following examples, the experimental methods without specific conditions are conventional methods in the art. The materials used in the examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.

[0071] Example

[0072] The ecological restoration (construction of a seed tower) of the Baorixile open-pit dump in Inner Mongolia is carried out as follows:

[0073] S1: The top disc of the dump is planned as 50 strip-shaped belts, soil substrate is laid on the strip-shaped belts to form 50 land ridges, the land ridges have a width of 30 cm, a height of 15 cm and an interval of 10 cm; land ridge ditches are formed between the adjacent two land ridges. The soil substrate is mixed by mining associated sand, mining associated clay and cow dung according to a mass ratio of 1:1:1;

[0074] S2: Cement dams are built on the slope surface of the dump, three layers are built from top to bottom, the dam has a height of 30 cm and a width of 10 cm, and the interval between the adjacent two layers of the dam is 10 meters. A plurality of water outlet channels are arranged at the bottom of the dam, the interval between the adjacent two water outlet channels is 5 meters, the diameter of the water inlet of the water outlet channel is 3 cm, and the diameter of the water outlet is 5 cm;

[0075] S3: 30 kinds of plant seeds of plants growing within a range of 10 kilometers of the location of the dump are selected and mixed, the plant seeds are placed in a low-temperature environment of-20 DEG C for 48 hours, then placed in a variable-temperature environment of 20 DEG C for 48 hours, and then soaked in sterile water and 80 mg / L gibberellin solution for 24 hours respectively. The treated seeds are artificially sown on the land ridges, and the sowing amount of the seeds is 25 g / m 2 ;

[0076] S4: Irrigation is carried out in the morning and evening after the seeds are sown, after the seeds germinate, the irrigation frequency is appropriately reduced according to the local weather, and reseeding is carried out according to the germination condition, and maintenance is carried out for 2 years.

[0077] Through comparison, the germination rate of the seeds can be increased from 46% to 75% by treating the grassland plant seeds according to S3 based on the repair method (seed tower construction method) of the embodiment; the survival rate of the plant seedlings can be increased by 30% by the land ridges planned by S1; the plant types are increased by more than 10 types compared with before the repair by building the dam slope surface by S2, and the plant coverage of the slope surfaces in different directions is increased by about 20% on average. The ecological restoration effect of the dump is remarkable, and it is confirmed that the scheme of the application has feasibility and effectiveness.

[0078] The above is only a preferred specific embodiment of the application, but the protection scope of the application is not limited to this, any person skilled in the art can make equivalent replacement or change according to the technical scheme and the inventive concept of the application within the technical range disclosed by the application, which should be covered in the protection scope of the application.

Claims

1. A method for ecological restoration of a spoil heap of an open pit mine, characterized in that, The application relates to a method for planning a dump top plate (1) of an open-pit mine dump, comprising the following steps: constructing a water retaining dam (3) on a dump slope surface (2) of the open-pit mine dump, wherein the water retaining dam (3) is provided with a plurality of water outlet channels (4) at the bottom; spreading plant seeds on the dump top plate (1); maintaining the open-pit mine dump; the water outlet channel (4) comprises a water inlet (41) and a water outlet (42), the water inlet (41) is arranged on one side of the water retaining dam (3) close to the dump slope surface (2), the water outlet (42) is arranged on one side of the water retaining dam (3) away from the dump slope surface (2), and the diameter of the water inlet (41) is smaller than that of the water outlet (42); the water retaining dam (3) is a multilayer water retaining dam, and each layer of the water retaining dam (3) is provided with a plurality of water outlet channels (4) at the bottom; the dump top plate (1) of the planned open-pit mine dump comprises: the dump top plate (1) of the planned open-pit mine dump is a plurality of strip-shaped belts, soil substrates are arranged on the strip-shaped belts to form ridges (5), and a ridge ditch (6) is formed between two adjacent ridges (5); the strip-shaped belts are arranged along the perennial wind direction of the area where the open-pit mine dump is located. The soil substrate comprises a mixture of mining associated sand, mining associated clay and animal manure.

2. The method of ecological restoration according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the mining associated sand, the mining associated clay and the animal manure is 1:1:

1.

3. The method of ecological restoration according to claim 2, characterized in that, The dump top plate (1) of the planned open-pit mine dump further comprises: water irrigation pipelines arranged in the ridge ditches (6).

4. The method of ecological restoration according to claim 1, characterized in that, The maintenance of the open-pit mine dump comprises:

5. The method of ecological restoration according to claim 1, characterized in that, irrigation is performed after the plant seeds are sown, and the volume water content of the soil substrate of the dump top plate is maintained at 25-30%. The maintenance time is more than 2 years.

6. The method of ecological restoration according to claim 5, characterized in that, The plant seeds are 10-30 kinds of plant seeds of plants grown within a range of 10 km from the open-pit mine dump.

7. The method of ecological restoration according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The plant seeds are pretreated by the following method: the plant seeds are placed in an environment at-20 DEG C for 48 hours, then placed in an environment at 20 DEG C for 48 hours, and finally soaked in sterile water and a gibberellin-containing water solution for 12-24 hours respectively.

8. The method of ecological restoration according to claim 7, characterized in that, ​ 9. The method of ecological restoration according to claim 8, characterized in that, The sowing amount of the plant seeds is 15-25 g / m 3 .

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