A method for rapid propagation of Disanthus cercidifolius var. longipes

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of plant breeding, and specifically relates to a method for rapid breeding of Disanthus cercidifolius var. longipes. A high-pressure mother plant is selected, and the high-pressure mother plant is a one-year-old fully lignified Disanthus cercidifolius var. longipes branch growing on the main trunk of a container seedling of Disanthus cercidifolius var. longipes. The high-pressure mother plant is subjected to girdling treatment, and the width of the girdling is 1-1.5 cm. Then, slurry is wrapped at the girdling site, tied tightly, and breeding is carried out. The slurry includes a substrate and a growth solution. The weight ratio of the substrate to the growth solution is 1.82-1.96:1. The substrate is composed of yellow heart soil, original soil of the mother tree forest, and perlite, and the weight ratio of yellow heart soil, original soil of the mother tree forest, and perlite is 2:2:1. The growth solution is composed of a GGR solution, an IBA solution, and a nutrient solution, and the weight ratio of the GGR solution, the IBA solution, and the nutrient solution is 1:1:1. The breeding method of the present invention has a short breeding time, a high survival rate of seedlings, strong operability, and low cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of plant breeding, and particularly relates to a method for rapid propagation of Disanthus cercidifolius var. longipes. Background Art

[0002] Disanthus cercidifolius var. longipes is a deciduous shrub of the genus Disanthus in the family Hamamelidaceae. Its natural regeneration ability is poor. Due to the deforestation and destruction of the forests in its habitats, not only the individual number of Disanthus cercidifolius var. longipes is decreasing, but also the area suitable for its survival is gradually narrowing. It has become a rare and endangered species and is listed as a national second-class protected plant. The seed setting rate, natural seed germination rate, and seedling survival rate of Disanthus cercidifolius var. longipes are all very low, which inevitably leads to the decline of its population. Especially now, simple motor vehicle roads have been built at each distribution point, and the forests around some distribution points have been completely cut down and replanted with artificial Chinese fir forests. This not only directly reduces the population number of Disanthus cercidifolius var. longipes, but also fragments its original habitat, further exacerbating the decline trend of the existing population.

[0003] Currently, the cultivation of Disanthus cercidifolius var. longipes seedlings is mainly carried out through three methods: cutting, seeding, and tissue culture. Shi Xiaohua et al. (2006) Preliminary study on seed dormancy and germination of Disanthus cercidifolius var. longipes. The results showed that the seeds etched with acid for 11 h, mixed with wet sand containing 50 mg·L -1 of GA3, and stratified for one winter, could obtain a germination rate of 38.9%. Zhu Guoning et al. (2020) Preliminary exploration of cutting propagation technology of Disanthus cercidifolius var. longipes. The highest rooting rate of softwood cuttings treated with 100 mg / L NAA could reach 12.44%; Zhu Guoning et al. (2021) Effects of different substrates and hormones on cutting rooting of Disanthus cercidifolius var. longipes. The research results showed that the experimental group treated with ABT No. 1 at 50 mg·L -1 for 6 h had the best rooting effect, and the highest rooting rate could reach 45.57%; Huang Shaohui et al. (2007) Effects of different concentrations of NAA on cutting propagation of Disanthus cercidifolius var. longipes. The research results showed that soaking the cuttings of Disanthus cercidifolius var. longipes in 0.10 mg·L -1 NAA solution for 3 h was the best rooting growth hormone, and the highest rooting rate reached 17.33%; Zeng Jianjun et al. (2006) Optimization of adventitious bud growth conditions of Disanthus cercidifolius var. longipes by orthogonal design method. The optimal level combination was 6 - BA 0.5 mg·L -1 +GA 1.0 mg·L -1 had a highly significant effect on the experimental results. Zeng Jianjun et al. (2006) Callus induction and plant regeneration of Disanthus cercidifolius var. longipes. The research results showed that on the medium MS + NAA 0.5 mg / L + 2,4 - D 2.0 mg / L, callus could be induced from all three explants, and the callus induction rate of leaves was the highest.

[0004] For the cuttage propagation of Disanthus cercidifolius var. longipes, by treating the cuttings with hormones and through 3 - 4 months of management, the highest survival rate can reach 45.57%; for the seed propagation of Disanthus cercidifolius var. longipes, it takes 2 years to germinate, and the germination rate is relatively low, with only a 38.9% emergence rate; for tissue culture propagation, only several culture media can induce callus. Among them, the leaf induction rate can root at the highest, and it can only be carried out in the greenhouse. There is no research report on transplanting tissue culture seedlings outdoors. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for rapid propagation of Disanthus cercidifolius var. longipes, which has a short propagation time, a high survival rate of seedlings, strong operability, and low cost.

[0006] The present invention includes a method for rapid propagation of Disanthus cercidifolius var. longipes. Select a high - pressure mother plant, and the high - pressure mother plant is a one - year - old fully lignified Disanthus cercidifolius var. longipes branch growing on the main trunk of a container seedling of Disanthus cercidifolius var. longipes; perform a ring - peeling treatment on the high - pressure mother plant, and the width of the ring - peeling is 1 - 1.5 cm. Then wrap the ring - peeled position with slurry and tie it tightly for propagation; the slurry includes a substrate and a growth solution, and the weight ratio of the substrate to the growth solution is 1.82 - 1.96:1. The substrate is composed of yellow - heart soil, original soil from the mother tree forest, and perlite, and the weight ratio of yellow - heart soil, original soil from the mother tree forest, and perlite is 2:2:1. The growth solution is composed of a GGR solution, an IBA solution, and a nutrient solution, and the weight ratio of the GGR solution, the IBA solution, and the nutrient solution is 1:1:1.

[0007] Preferably, the main trunk of the Disanthus cercidifolius var. longipes container seedling is the main trunk of the Disanthus cercidifolius var. longipes container seedling whose main trunk is cut off at a height of 50 - 60 cm from the ground.

[0008] Preferably, the nutrient solution is Hoagland's nutrient solution.

[0009] Preferably, the concentration of the GGR solution is 300 mg / L.

[0010] Preferably, the concentration of the IBA solution is 300 mg / L.

[0011] Preferably, the slurry is applied to the ring - peeled position and 1.5 - 2.0 cm above the ring - peeled position.

[0012] Preferably, a plastic film is used to wrap the slurry at the ring - peeled position.

[0013] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows. Due to the difficult reproduction of Disanthus cercidifolius var. longipes, its large-scale development is restricted. Therefore, conducting research on the reproductive biology of Disanthus cercidifolius var. longipes and finding an efficient propagation method are very meaningful for the protection, development, and utilization of this germplasm resource. The present invention uses container seedlings of Disanthus cercidifolius var. longipes with the trunk cut (H 50 - 60 cm) as the female parent, and comprehensively explores the method for rapid cultivation of Disanthus cercidifolius var. longipes from 10 aspects, including the selection of 1-year-old lignified air-layering branches germinated on the female parent, the time of air-layering, the position of air-layering, the treatment of the air-layering position, the method of air-layering, the width and binding of plastic film, the management and protection of the female parent and the air-layering position, rooting and cutting, container substrate, cultivation and management of air-layered seedlings, etc. Especially for the treatment of the air-layering position, the formula of growth hormone and substrate, the growth hormone ratio of GGR:IBA:Hoagland's nutrient solution (1:1:1), and the treatment of the girdled part with the slurry mixture of yellow heart soil:original soil of mother forest:perlite (2:2:1) are the key points of the present invention. Through this technology cultivation, a large number of high-quality and uniform Disanthus cercidifolius var. longipes seedlings can be provided for forest farmers.

[0014] When cultivating container seedlings of Disanthus cercidifolius var. longipes by air-layering propagation, compared with cultivating container seedlings of Disanthus cercidifolius var. longipes by cutting propagation and seed propagation, this project has the following advantages: (1) High survival rate, and more seedlings can be cultivated; (2) Short cultivation time, seedlings can be quickly cultivated, saving costs; (3) The plant height and ground diameter of the transplanted container seedlings of the current year are better than those of the seedlings propagated by cutting and seed, and high-quality seedlings with high quality can be quickly cultivated; (4) The air-layered female parent is all container seedlings with a trunk height of 50 - 60 cm, which is convenient and fast to operate; (5) This technology has conducted in-situ, near-site, and ex-situ conservation air-layering propagation experiments. This technology has a wide range of applications and broad prospects for popularization and application. The above 5 advantages show that using the present invention to breed Disanthus cercidifolius var. longipes seedlings can prompt forest farmers to cultivate high-quality container seedlings with high quality and quantity in a short period, which not only saves the cost of seedling cultivation, but also greatly improves the economic benefits and the social benefits of industrial drive, providing technical and seedling resource guarantees for the protection of rare and endangered plants.

[0015] The present invention has a wide applicable area, stable technology, and strong operability. It adopts the method of in-situ, near-site, and ex-situ air-layering propagation. At an altitude of 694 m in Xinning, Hunan, which is similar to the habitat of wild Disanthus cercidifolius var. longipes, it belongs to near-site and in-situ air-layering propagation; at an altitude of 70 - 85 m in the Hunan Botanical Garden, it belongs to ex-situ air-layering propagation, and its habitat has changed significantly. There is no significant difference in the two test results, indicating that its technology is mature and stable. The female parents adopted in the present invention are all container seedlings with the trunk cut in the current year, and the cut-off height is 50 - 60 cm. The layering branches are all one-year-old completely lignified branches germinated on the female parent. When operating the layering, there is no difficulty and it is convenient to operate.

[0016] The present invention adopts a growth hormone ratio of GGR:IBA:Hoagland's nutrient solution (1:1:1), and a slurry treatment of the girdled part by mixing and stirring well a substrate of yellow heart soil:original soil of mother tree forest:perlite (2:2:1) as the optimal ratio combination. Compared with the use of other ratios of hormones, nutrient solutions and substrates, the survival rate can be significantly improved. Detailed implementation mode

[0017] Example 1

[0018] 1. Sources of female parent and seeds

[0019] (1) Female parent for high-pressure test

[0020] From December 2020 to January 2021, 200 plants of Disanthus cercidifolius var. longipes were introduced in Xinning, Hunan Province. The main trunk was cut off at a height of 50 - 60 cm above the ground and planted in the Hunan Botanical Garden in container bags with a specification of 25 cm × 30 cm. After six months of cultivation, the one-year-old fully lignified branches germinated from the container seedlings were randomly selected in mid-July 2020 for high-pressure propagation test of container seedlings; in January 2020 in Xinning, Hunan, 200 container seedlings of Disanthus cercidifolius var. longipes that had been conserved in situ and near-site were cut off the main trunk at a height of 50 - 60 cm above the ground, and one-year-old fully lignified branches were randomly selected in mid-July 2020 for high-pressure propagation test.

[0021] (2) Female parent for cutting test

[0022] From December 2020 to February 2021, 200 plants of Disanthus cercidifolius var. longipes were introduced in Xinning, Hunan Province and planted in the Hunan Botanical Garden in container bags with a specification of 25 cm × 30 cm. In June 2021, fully lignified branches were randomly selected for cutting propagation test.

[0023] (3) Seed source

[0024] In October 2020, seeds of Disanthus cercidifolius var. longipes were collected from Xinning, Hunan. After the seeds were cleaned, they were sown in the ground in December 2020 for germination test.

[0025] 2. General situation of the test plot

[0026] Test plot 1: Located within the Hunan Botanical Garden. Its geographical location is 28°20'N, 113°E, with an altitude of 70 - 85 m; the soil is Quaternary red ferralitic soil with a pH value of 5.6. It belongs to the subtropical monsoon climate, and the climate characteristics are: mild climate, abundant precipitation, rain and heat in the same period, and distinct seasons. The average annual temperature is 17.2 °C, the absolute maximum temperature is 40.6 °C, the absolute minimum temperature is about 11.3 °C, the frost-free period is 281 days, the annual rainfall is 1412.3 mm, and the average relative humidity is 80%.

[0027] Experimental Site 2: Located in Gaozhu Village, Malin Township, Xinning County, Hunan Province. Its geographical location is 26°25'N and 110°8'E, with an altitude of 680 - 710 m; the soil is yellowish red soil with a pH value of 5.6. It belongs to the mid-subtropical monsoon humid climate zone, with mild climate, sufficient light and heat, relatively abundant water resources, distinct seasons, and obvious vertical distribution characteristics.

[0028] 3 High-pressure Propagation Test Method

[0029] (1) High-pressure Female Parent

[0030] The female parent is a container seedling of Disanthus cercidifolius var. longipes with the main trunk cut off at a height of 50 - 60 cm above the ground. One-year-old fully lignified branches of Disanthus cercidifolius var. longipes germinated from the potted container seedlings with the trunk already cut are used as the female parent. 100 branches are high-pressured in each group, with 3 replicates, and a total of 300 branches are high-pressured.

[0031] (2) High-pressure Time

[0032] The high-pressure survival rate is relatively high in mid-July.

[0033] (3) High-pressure Girdling Part

[0034] After the branches are selected, about 2 - 3 nodes below the branch, at the lower end of the second or third node, about 0.5 cm away from the node, girdling is carried out. The method is to use a sharp knife or blade to girdle the cortex with a width of 1 - 1.5 cm, reaching the xylem, and the upper and lower notches should be neat.

[0035] (4) High-pressure Treatment Method

[0036] ① Different Growth Hormone Treatment Tests

[0037] In July 2020, in order to promote root growth at the high-pressure part, after diluting the growth hormones GGR, IBA, NAA, GA3, and IAA to 300 mg / L respectively, different growth hormone treatment tests were carried out. The growth hormones were GGR, IBA, NAA, GA3, IAA, GGR:NAA (1:1), GGR:IBA (1:1), GGR:GA3 (1:1), GGR:IAA (1:1), and high-pressure tests with different hormone treatments were carried out on the high-pressure part according to the ratios.

[0038] Using 100% yellow heart soil as the substrate, according to the ratio of adding 100 g of solution to 950 - 1000 g of yellow mud by weight, it is stirred evenly with the diluted and proportioned growth hormone to form a slurry. After mixing evenly, the girdled part and about 1.5 - 2.0 cm above the girdled part (including the node) are completely covered and kneaded tightly with the mixed slurry, and it must be closely combined with the xylem of the girdled part. After combination, it is wrapped with a plastic film with a width of 10 - 15 cm, and the upper and lower ends must be tied tightly with a binding band.

[0039] ② Hoagland's nutrient solution control treatment experiment

[0040] In July 2020, in order to promote root growth at the high-pressure part, the growth hormones GGR, IBA, GA3, and IAA were diluted at 300 mg / L respectively, and then mixed with the prepared Hoagland's nutrient solution according to the ratios of GGR:IBA:Hoagland's nutrient solution (1:1:1), GGR:NAA:Hoagland's nutrient solution (1:1:1), GGR:GA3:Hoagland's nutrient solution (1:1:1), GGR:IAA:Hoagland's nutrient solution (1:1:1) for a control treatment experiment with the growth hormones without mixing Hoagland's nutrient solution.

[0041] Using 100% yellow heart soil as the substrate, mix it evenly with the diluted and proportioned growth hormones according to the ratio of adding 950 - 1000 g of yellow mud to 100 g of the solution to form a slurry. After mixing evenly, cover the girdled part and about 1.5 - 2.0 cm above the girdled part (including the node) with the mixed slurry, cover it tightly and knead it firmly. It must be closely combined with the xylem of the girdled part. After combination, wrap it with a plastic film with a width of 10 - 15 cm, and tie the upper and lower ends tightly with a binding tape.

[0042] ③ Different substrate treatment experiments

[0043] In July 2021, in order to promote root growth at the high-pressure part, treatment experiments with the same growth hormone and different substrates were carried out. The growth substrates were 100% yellow heart soil, 100% original soil of the mother tree forest (selecting the soil below 10 cm of the surface soil of the natural forest), 100% perlite, 100% peat soil, yellow heart soil:original soil of the mother tree forest (2:1), yellow heart soil:peat soil (2:1), yellow heart soil:perlite (2:1), peat soil:perlite (2:1), original soil of the mother tree forest:perlite (2:1), yellow heart soil:peat soil:perlite (2:2:1), yellow heart soil:original soil of the mother tree forest:perlite (2:2:1). After diluting the growth hormones GGR and IBA at 300 mg / L respectively, the prepared Hoagland's nutrient solution was diluted according to the ratio of GGR:IBA:Hoagland's nutrient solution (1:1:1) and then mixed evenly with different substrates.

[0044] The best ratio of different substrates and the diluted GGR: IBA: Hoagland's nutrient solution (1:1:1) is shown in Table 1. After mixing by weight, stir evenly to make the mud. After mixing well, cover the ring-barking part and the upper part of the ring-barking part about 1.5 to 2.0 cm (including the node) with the mud, and knead it tightly. It must be tightly combined with the wood part of the ring-barking part. After combining, wrap it with the prepared plastic film with a width of 10 to 15 cm, and the upper and lower ends must be tied tightly with straps.

[0045] Table 1 Ratios of different matrices and solutions

[0046]

[0047] (5) Maintenance of mother plants and high-voltage parts

[0048] The potted mother plants are watered and maintained as normal. If the high-pressure department finds that the substrate is relatively dry, the upper end of the plastic film can be opened after 6 pm to irrigate the plants, usually once every 15 days, depending on the dryness and wetness of the substrate.

[0049] (6) Rooting and cutting

[0050] About 15 days later, it was found that roots had begun to grow at the lower end of the ring-barking part. After about 58 days to more than 2 months, when the root system grew to 8 to 12 roots, the rooted plants could be cut from the mother plant with pruning shears at the lower end of the roots.

[0051] (7) Cultivation and maintenance of high-pressure seedlings

[0052] The roots of high-pressure seedlings are particularly tender. When transplanting, the mud ball must be protected to prevent root breakage, which affects the survival rate of high-pressure seedlings. To reduce water evaporation, 1 / 2 of the leaves of the long-stalked double-flowered trees that have taken root need to be cut off and transplanted into a 18cm×20cm non-woven container bag with a prepared matrix. The container matrix is ​​loess: peat soil: perlite (2:1:1). The first watering is thorough. The container seedlings in the pot need to be covered with two layers of 85% shade yarn in summer and one layer in autumn. If this method is used for management and maintenance, the survival rate can reach 100%.

[0053] Example 2

[0054] Cutting propagation test method

[0055] (1) Preparation of the slotting bed

[0056] For the cutting of *Disanthus cercidifolius* var. *longipes*, the soil should be loose, well-drained and well-ventilated. Generally, an appropriate amount of river sand is added to the nursery land, mixed evenly, and then the soil is disinfected to kill germs and underground pests. The agents are 0.2% - 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for killing germs or 500 - 1000 times of thiophanate-methyl solution, and the insecticide is 1000 times of dichlorvos. Generally, it can be sprayed on the cutting bed 7 days before cutting, and then covered with a plastic film, and uncovered after 5 days. After the drug property has volatilized (generally 2 - 3 days), the soil is finely prepared and beds are made. The cutting bed is in an arch-back shape to prevent waterlogging.

[0057] (2) Shade shed

[0058] Before cutting, a shade shed with a height of 2 m is built above the bed. In summer, it needs to be covered with two layers of 85% shade netting, and only one layer in autumn.

[0059] (3) Cutting spike collection

[0060] Cut branches with a length of 6 cm - 8 cm from healthy plants without diseases and pests as cuttings. For softwood cuttings, the lower 1 / 2 needs to be removed, and a smooth cut is made at the lower part of the cutting spike at the node. Each group has 100 plants, with 3 replicates, and a total of 300 cuttings are collected.

[0061] (4) Cutting spike treatment

[0062] To improve the rooting rate, the base cut of the cutting spike needs to be soaked in 200 mg / L ABT-1 rooting powder for 3 h, and the survival rate of one-year-old lignified softwood cuttings can reach 46%.

[0063] (5) Cutting method

[0064] Quickly insert the treated cuttings to avoid excessive water loss and affect survival. It is required that 1 / 2 - 2 / 3 of the cuttings are inserted into the soil, and after insertion, it is compacted and watered thoroughly once.

[0065] (6) Cutting time

[0066] The cutting survival rate is relatively high in June.

[0067] (7) Post-cutting management

[0068] After cutting, a plastic film needs to be covered to increase the ground temperature and humidity, and at the same time, two layers of shade netting are covered for shading. After rooting in autumn, only one layer of shade netting needs to be covered at noon. In winter, the shade shed can be removed.

[0069] Example 3

[0070] Seed propagation test method

[0071] (1) Selection of nursery land

[0072] Select sandy loam with good drainage and fertile soil, and plow it twice, with a plowing depth of 20 cm - 25 cm.

[0073] (2) Bed preparation

[0074] The seedbed is 100 cm - 120 cm wide, 20 cm high, and its length depends on the terrain but does not exceed 20 m; the walking path is 30 m wide.

[0075] (3) Opening sowing furrows

[0076] Draw strip sowing furrows about 20 cm wide on the seedbed, level the bottom of the furrows, and the distance between furrows is about 10 cm. Before sowing, spread fine yellow core soil with a thickness of 2 cm - 3 cm (the soil particle size should be ≤ 2 mm) in each sowing furrow.

[0077] (4) Sowing period

[0078] Sow in January 2020. After soaking the seeds with 250 mg / L GA3, divide the seeds into 3 groups, with 100 seeds in each group and 3 replicates.

[0079] (5) Sowing method

[0080] Evenly scatter the seeds in the sowing furrows.

[0081] (6) Covering

[0082] After sowing, cover a thin layer of humus soil on the seeds, just enough to cover the seeds.

[0083] (7) Nursery management

[0084] Water in time during drought to keep the soil moist, and pay attention to drainage during the rainy season.

[0085] Example 4

[0086] Results and analysis

[0087] 1) Effects of different hormone treatments on the survival rate of air layering

[0088] In October 2020, using 100% yellow heart soil as the test substrate, the test results of Disanthus cercidifolius var. longipes treated with different hormones were statistically analyzed. The observed values such as the number of surviving plants, rooting duration, survival rate, etc. and the results of variance analysis are shown in Tables 2 and 3. It can be seen that there are extremely significant differences in the survival rate, number of surviving plants, and rooting duration of Disanthus cercidifolius var. longipes treated with different hormones. For GGR:IBA(1:1) treatment, the survival rate is the best, which is 74.33%. There is a significant difference in its survival rate compared with the other 8 treatments. The survival rates are in the order of GGR:IBA(1:1) > GGR > IBA > GGR:IAA(1:1) > GGR:NAA(1:1) > NAA > GA3 = GGR:GA3(1:1) > IAA. The rooting duration of GGR:IBA(1:1) and GGR treatments is the shortest, with an average of 68.33 days, showing a significant difference compared with the treatments of GA3, NAA, GGR:NAA(1:1), GGR:IAA(1:1), and GGR:GA3(1:1).

[0089] Through the comparative experiment, the above results show that the growth hormone with the ratio of GGR:IBA(1:1) is the best growth hormone for air layering propagation of Disanthus cercidifolius var. longipes.

[0090] Table 2 Observed values of the germination rate, rooting duration, and survival rate of Disanthus cercidifolius var. longipes treated with different hormones

[0091]

[0092] Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column in the table indicate significant differences between different treatments of the same species (P < 0.05).

[0093] Table 3 Variance analysis of the germination rate, rooting duration, and survival rate of Disanthus cercidifolius var. longipes treated with different hormones

[0094]

[0095] Note: ** indicates extremely significant differences within the group.

[0096] 2) Effect of Hoagland's nutrient solution on the survival rate of air layering propagation

[0097] In October 2020, using 100% yellow heart soil as the test substrate, the test results of the control treatment of Disanthus cercidifolius var. longipes with different hormones and Hoagland's nutrient solution ratios were statistically analyzed. The observed values such as the number of surviving plants, rooting duration, survival rate, etc., and the results of variance analysis are shown in Tables 4 and 5; it can be seen that there are extremely significant differences in the number of surviving plants, rooting duration, and survival rate in the test of different hormones and Hoagland's nutrient solution ratios. The survival rate of the treatment with GGR:IBA:Hoagland's nutrient solution (1:1:1) is the best, with an average of 83.67%, and there is a significant difference from the other 7 treatments. The survival rates are in the order of GGR:IBA:Hoagland's (1:1:1) > GGR:IBA (1:1) > GGR:NAA:Hoagland's (1:1:1) > GGR:IAA:Hoagland's (1:1:1) > GGR:GA3:Hoagland's (1:1:1) > GGR:IAA (1:1) > GGR:NAA (1:1) > GGR:GA3 (1:1); the rooting duration of the treatment with GGR:IBA:Hoagland's (1:1:1) is the shortest, with an average of 67 days, and there is a significant difference from the other 6 treatments.

[0098] Through the comparative test, there are extremely significant differences in the test results of the growth hormone with the ratio of GGR:IBA:Hoagland's (1:1:1) and the test results without Hoagland's nutrient solution. For the same hormone treatment GGR:IBA (1:1), after being mixed with Hoagland's nutrient solution, its survival rate increases by 9.34%. The above results show that Hoagland's nutrient solution has the effect of promoting rooting and increasing the survival rate.

[0099] Table 4 Observed values of the germination rate, rooting duration, and survival rate of Disanthus cercidifolius var. longipes treated with Hoagland's nutrient solution and different hormones

[0100]

[0101] Table 5 Variance analysis of the germination rate, rooting duration, and survival rate of Disanthus cercidifolius var. longipes treated with Hoagland's nutrient solution and different hormones

[0102]

[0103] 3) Effects of different substrate treatments on the survival rate of air layering

[0104] In October 2021, when using the growth hormone ratio of GGR:IBA:Hoagland's nutrient solution (1:1:1) and using yellow heart soil:original soil from mother tree forest:perlite (2:2:1) as the substrate, the weight ratio of the substrate to the growth solution was 1.82 - 1.96:1; the weight ratios of other different substrates to the growth solution are shown in Table 1. The test results of Disanthus cercidifolius var. longipes under different substrate treatments were statistically analyzed, and the observed values such as the number of surviving plants, rooting duration, survival rate, etc. and the results of variance analysis are shown in Tables 6 and 7; it can be seen that there are extremely significant differences in the survival rate, number of surviving plants, and rooting duration of Disanthus cercidifolius var. longipes under different substrate treatments. The survival rate of the treatment with yellow heart soil:original soil from mother tree forest:perlite (2:2:1) is the best, being 95.3%, showing significant differences from the other 10 treatments. Its survival rate is in the order of yellow heart soil:original soil from mother tree forest:perlite (2:2:1) > yellow heart soil:original soil from mother tree forest (1:1) > original soil from mother tree forest:perlite (2:1) > 100% original soil from mother tree forest > 100% yellow heart soil > yellow heart soil:peat soil:perlite (2:2:1) > yellow heart soil:peat soil (2:1) > 100% peat soil > peat soil:perlite (2:1) > 100% perlite; the rooting duration of the treatment with yellow heart soil:original soil from mother tree forest:perlite (2:2:1) is the shortest, with an average of 65.33 days, and there are significant differences in the rooting duration from 100% peat soil and 100% perlite.

[0105] The mud mixed and stirred evenly with the substrate of yellow heart soil:original soil from mother tree forest:perlite (2:2:1) and GGR:IBA:Hoagland's nutrient solution (1:1:1) has a 12.66% higher survival rate than the mud using 100% yellow heart soil as the substrate; it has a 25.33% higher survival rate than using 100% perlite; compared with the other 10 different substrates, its survival rate has increased by 8 - 35.33%. The above results show that for the air layering experiment, selecting the mud mixed and stirred evenly with the growth hormone ratio of GGR:IBA:Hoagland's nutrient solution (1:1:1) and the substrate of yellow heart soil:original soil from mother tree forest:perlite (2:2:1) to treat the air layering part of Disanthus cercidifolius var. longipes is the best ratio for the air layering propagation of Disanthus cercidifolius var. longipes.

[0106] Table 6 Observed values of the germination rate, rooting duration, and survival rate of Disanthus cercidifolius var. longipes under different substrate treatments

[0107]

[0108] Table 7 Variance analysis of the germination rate, rooting duration, and survival rate of Disanthus cercidifolius var. longipes under different substrate treatments

[0109]

[0110] 4) Effects of different propagation methods on the rooting and survival rate of Disanthus cercidifolius var. longipes seedlings

[0111] In October 2021, the test results of Disanthus cercidifolius var. longipes propagated by cuttings and air layering were statistically analyzed. The observed values such as the number of surviving plants, rooting duration, survival rate, etc., and the results of variance analysis are shown in Tables 8 and 9. The seeds of Disanthus cercidifolius var. longipes sown in December 2020 germinated after 2 years. In October 2022, the test results were statistically analyzed. The observed values such as the number of germinated plants, germination duration, germination rate, etc., and the results of variance analysis are shown in Tables 8 and 9.

[0112] As can be seen from Tables 8 and 9, for Disanthus cercidifolius var. longipes with three different propagation methods, there are extremely significant differences in the number of surviving plants, rooting duration, and survival rate. For Disanthus cercidifolius var. longipes propagated by air layering at different altitudes, there are no significant differences in the number of surviving plants, rooting duration, and survival rate. It can be seen that among the three different propagation methods, the number of surviving plants of Disanthus cercidifolius var. longipes propagated by air layering in Xinning, Hunan (altitude 690 m) is the best, which is 2.1 times that of cuttings and 13.81 times that of seed propagation; the number of surviving plants of Disanthus cercidifolius var. longipes propagated by air layering in Hunan Botanical Garden (altitude 70 m) is 2.07 times that of cuttings and 13.61 times that of seed propagation; the number of surviving plants is in the order of air layering (Xinning, Hunan, altitude 690 m) > air layering (Hunan Botanical Garden, altitude 70 m) > cuttings > seed propagation. Among the three different propagation methods, the survival rate of Disanthus cercidifolius var. longipes propagated by air layering in Xinning, Hunan (altitude 690 m) is the best, which is 2.1 times that of cuttings and 13.81 times that of seed propagation, and the survival rates are in the order of air layering (Xinning, Hunan, altitude 690 m) > air layering (Hunan Botanical Garden, altitude 70 m) > cuttings > seed propagation. Among the three different propagation methods, the rooting duration of Disanthus cercidifolius var. longipes propagated by air layering (Xinning, Hunan, altitude 690 m) is the shortest, which is 29 days shorter than that of cuttings on average and 495 days shorter than that of seed propagation on average; the air layering in Hunan Botanical Garden (altitude 70 m) is 36 days shorter than that of cuttings on average and 502 days shorter than that of seed propagation on average. The above test results show that air layering can quickly cultivate Disanthus cercidifolius var. longipes seedlings.

[0113] Table 8 Observed values of germination rate, rooting duration, and survival rate of Disanthus cercidifolius var. longipes with different propagation methods

[0114]

[0115] Table 9 Variance analysis of germination rate, rooting duration, and survival rate of Disanthus cercidifolius var. longipes with different propagation methods

[0116]

[0117] 5) Effects of different propagation methods on the growth of Disanthus cercidifolius var. longipes seedlings.

[0118] In October 2021, the plant height and ground diameter of transplanted container seedlings of S. subaequale with high-pressure and cutting propagation in the current year were measured; the seeds of S. subaequale took 2 years to germinate, and in October 2022, the sown seedlings of S. subaequale in the year of germination were measured.

[0119] As can be seen from Table 10 and Table 11, different propagation methods had extremely significant differences in the plant height and ground diameter of transplanted container seedlings of S. subaequale in the current year; there was no significant difference in the plant height and ground diameter of S. subaequale with high-pressure propagation at different altitudes. It can be seen that among the three different propagation methods, for the container seedlings of S. subaequale with high-pressure propagation in the current year, the average plant height of the container seedlings of S. subaequale with high-pressure propagation in Xinning, Hunan (altitude 690 m) was 3.42 times that of seed propagation and 4.85 times that of cutting propagation; the average plant height of the container seedlings of S. subaequale with high-pressure propagation in Hunan Botanical Garden (altitude 70 m) was 3.39 times that of seed propagation and 4.83 times that of cutting propagation. The average plant height was in the order of high-pressure propagation (Xinning, Hunan, altitude 690 m) > high-pressure propagation (Hunan Botanical Garden, altitude 70 m) > seed propagation > cutting propagation. Among the three different propagation methods, the ground diameter of the container seedlings of S. subaequale with high-pressure propagation in the current year was the largest. For the container seedlings of S. subaequale with high-pressure propagation in Xinning, Hunan (altitude 690 m), the average ground diameter was 1.41 times that of cutting propagation and 1.67 times that of seed propagation; for the container seedlings of S. subaequale with high-pressure propagation in Hunan Botanical Garden (altitude 70 m), the average ground diameter was 1.38 times that of cutting propagation and 1.64 times that of seed propagation. The average ground diameter was in the order of high-pressure propagation (Xinning, Hunan, altitude 690 m) > high-pressure propagation (Hunan Botanical Garden, altitude 70 m) > cutting propagation > seed propagation. The above results show that high-pressure propagation can quickly cultivate high-quality and high-yield S. subaequale seedlings.

[0120] Table 10 Observation values of plant height and ground diameter of S. subaequale with different propagation methods

[0121]

[0122] Table 11 Variance analysis of plant height and ground diameter of S. subaequale with different propagation methods

[0123]

[0124] Conclusion:

[0125] There are extremely significant differences in the number of surviving Longistylus brevipes seedlings, rooting duration, and survival rate when different growth hormones and different substrate treatments are applied to the high-pressure parts. In the air layering propagation experiment, the best survival rate of air layering propagation was achieved when using the growth hormone ratio of GGR:IBA:Hoagland's nutrient solution (1:1:1) and the slurry treatment of the girdled part with the substrate mixture of yellow heart soil:original soil of the mother forest:perlite (2:2:1) mixed and stirred evenly. The average survival rate can reach over 95%, which is the best combination ratio and also the key point protected by the technology of this project.

[0126] From the variance analysis, there are extremely significant differences in the number of surviving Longistylus brevipes seedlings, rooting duration, survival rate, average plant height of current-year seedlings, and average ground diameter when different propagation methods are used; at different altitudes, there is no significant difference in the number of surviving Longistylus brevipes seedlings, rooting duration, survival rate, average plant height of current-year seedlings, and average ground diameter in air layering propagation. The number of surviving Longistylus brevipes seedlings cultivated by air layering propagation is the best, with an average survival rate of over 95%. The average survival rates of Longistylus brevipes cultivated by cutting and seed propagation are 46% and 7% respectively; the average plant heights of Longistylus brevipes cultivated by air layering propagation are 38.59 cm and 38.36 cm, and the plant heights of Longistylus brevipes cultivated by cutting and seed propagation are 7.95 cm and 11.30 cm respectively; the average ground diameters of Longistylus brevipes cultivated by air layering propagation are 4.3 mm and 4.22 mm, and the ground diameters of Longistylus brevipes cultivated by cutting and seed propagation are 3.05 mm and 2.57 mm respectively.

[0127] This technology uses container seedlings of Longistylus brevipes as the female parent, and through the propagation technology of treating the high-pressure part, Longistylus brevipes can be cultivated. After 58 days to more than two months, roots can be formed and potted. This technology can make the survival rate of seedlings reach over 95%.

[0128] The steps of cultivating Longistylus brevipes in this invention: selecting 1-year-old fully lignified branches germinated from the trunk-cut female parent container seedlings, the time of air layering, the location of air layering, the treatment of the air layering part (the formula of growth hormone and substrate), the method of air layering, the width and binding of the plastic film, the management and protection of the female parent and the air layering part, rooting and cutting, container substrate, cultivation and management of air layering seedlings, etc. A total of 10 aspects are comprehensively explored for the rapid cultivation method of Longistylus brevipes. Especially for the treatment of the air layering part, the formula of growth hormone and substrate, using the growth hormone ratio of GGR:IBA:Hoagland's nutrient solution (1:1:1) and the slurry treatment of the girdled part with the substrate mixture of yellow heart soil:original soil of the mother forest:perlite (2:2:1) mixed and stirred evenly is the key point protected by this technology. This technology provides a method for the rapid cultivation of Longistylus brevipes, which can provide a large number of high-quality and uniform Longistylus brevipes seedlings for forest farmers, scientific research, and germplasm resource banks.

[0129] Those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that any discussion of the above embodiments is merely exemplary and is not intended to imply that the scope of protection of this application is limited to these examples; under the concept of this application, the technical features in the above embodiments or different embodiments can also be combined, the steps can be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations in different aspects of one or more embodiments of this application as described above, and for the sake of brevity, they are not provided in detail.

[0130] One or more embodiments of this application are intended to cover all such substitutions, modifications, and variations that fall within the broad scope of this application. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of one or more embodiments of this application shall be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A method for rapid propagation of long-stalked double-flowered trees, characterized in that: A high-pressure mother plant is selected, wherein the high-pressure mother plant is a one-year-old fully lignified long-petaled disanthus branch growing on the main trunk of a long-petaled disanthus container seedling; the high-pressure mother plant is subjected to a ring-shaped peeling treatment, wherein the width of the ring-shaped peeling is 1 to 1.5 cm, and then mud is wrapped at the ring-shaped peeling, and the ring-shaped peeling is tightly tied for breeding; the mud comprises a matrix and a growth liquid, wherein the weight ratio of the matrix to the growth liquid is 1.82-1.96:1, the matrix is ​​composed of loess heart soil, original soil of the mother tree forest, and perlite, wherein the weight ratio of the loess heart soil, original soil of the mother tree forest, and perlite is 2:2:1, and the growth liquid is composed of a GGR solution, an IBA solution, and a nutrient solution, wherein the weight ratio of the GGR solution, the IBA solution, and the nutrient solution is 1:1:1; The nutrient solution is Hoagland's nutrient solution.

2. The method for rapid propagation of long-handled disanthus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The main trunk of the long-stalked disanthus container seedling is the main trunk of the long-stalked disanthus container seedling cut off at a height of 50-60 cm from the ground.

3. The method for rapid propagation of long-handled disanthus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The concentration of the GGR solution is 300 mg / L.

4. The method for rapid propagation of long-handled disanthus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The concentration of the IBA solution is 300 mg / L.

5. The method for rapid propagation of long-handled disanthus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The mud is applied to the annular peeling position and 1.5 to 2.0 cm above the annular peeling position.

6. The method for rapid propagation of long-handled disanthus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: Plastic film is used to wrap the mud around the ring peeling location.

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