A device and method for simulating the caving and drawing of a sample with hierarchical control of the sample's compactness

Abstract

This invention relates to a caving ore discharge simulation test device and method for layered control of sample density, belonging to the field of caving mining technology, and is used to solve the problem that traditional caving ore discharge simulation test devices and methods are difficult to simulate and analyze the influence of the density of ore and overburden on the migration law of discharged particles; it includes: a layered ribbed transparent test chamber, a hoist, a rotating puller, and a high-speed camera. The layered ribbed transparent test chamber includes an upper test chamber and a lower test chamber, and the upper test chamber is detachably installed on the top of the lower test chamber; a stripping template assembly, which includes a first stripping template, a second stripping template, ..., an Nth stripping template, the thickness of the first stripping template to the (N-1)th stripping template decreases uniformly at intervals, and the thickness of the Nth stripping template is the same as the thickness of the (N-1)th stripping template; N is set to an integer greater than or equal to seven.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of caving mining technology, and in particular to a caving ore discharge simulation test device and method for controlling the density of samples by layering. Background Technology

[0002] With the widespread use of caving mining in large-scale underground mining, it offers advantages such as high recovery strength, high efficiency, and low cost. However, during the mining process, the caved ore and waste rock come into direct contact, which is considered ore discharge under overlying rock. Improper control can lead to serious problems such as ore loss, dilution, surface subsidence, and underground debris flow disasters. Conducting indoor caving mining simulation experiments to study the transport patterns of ore bodies and waste rock particles during caving mining is the most direct method to solve the problems of caving mining. It also provides theoretical basis and technical guidance for underground mining structure design, ore discharge production management, and prevention of underground and surface geological disasters.

[0003] Currently, caving ore discharge simulation tests are limited by model equipment and sample preparation conditions. The main test conditions are based on a single loose condition of ore and overburden particle samples. The limited test conditions make it difficult to simulate and analyze the influence of the density of ore and overburden on the migration law of discharged ore particles. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a caving ore discharge simulation test device and method for layered control of sample density, which solves the problem that traditional caving ore discharge simulation test devices and methods are difficult to simulate and analyze the influence of the density of ore and overlying layer on the migration law of discharged particles.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a caving ore discharge simulation test device for layered control of sample density, comprising:

[0006] A layered ribbed transparent test chamber, comprising an upper test chamber and a lower test chamber, wherein the upper test chamber is detachably installed on top of the lower test chamber, and the upper test chamber comprises multiple model frames, each of which is a topless and bottomless model frame;

[0007] A demolding assembly, comprising a first demolding template, a second demolding template, ..., an Nth demolding template, wherein the thickness of the first demolding template to the (N-1)th demolding template decreases uniformly at intervals, and the thickness of the Nth demolding template is the same as that of the (N-1)th demolding template, used for demolding between samples; wherein N is set to an integer greater than or equal to seven;

[0008] A hoist, on which a compaction hammer is detachably connected, is used to compact the sample within the model frame, and the hoist is used for lifting and transporting.

[0009] A rotating pull-out machine is detachably connected to the template removal assembly and is used to pull out the template removal assembly layer by layer.

[0010] A high-speed camera is used to observe and record the sample particle migration path in real time within the shooting range of the layered ribbed transparent test chamber.

[0011] This setup is used to conduct simulation experiments on the migration patterns of collapsed ore blocks and overlying particles under different layers and densities during ore discharge, and to observe and record in real time to determine the migration path of sample particles.

[0012] Furthermore, the hoist includes a column and a hook, with the hook being vertically connected to the column and detachably connected to the hammer.

[0013] Furthermore, the rotating pull-out machine includes a connecting plate, a rotating pull-out component, a limiting component, and multiple fixing clips. The connecting plate is rotatably connected to the rotating pull-out component. The limiting component is disposed on the rotating pull-out component and fixedly connected to the column. The fixing clips are engaged with the column. The free end of the fixing clips is detachably connected to the lower test chamber or the corresponding model frame. The connecting plate is detachably connected to the first demolding template, the second demolding template, ... or the Nth demolding template.

[0014] Furthermore, the outer dimensions of the first stripping template, the second stripping template, ... the Nth stripping template are successively smaller than the previous ones in order from thickest to thinnest, and the outer dimensions of the Nth stripping template are larger than the model frame.

[0015] Furthermore, the outer sides of the first stripping template, the second stripping template, ... the Nth stripping template are all provided with a plurality of first pull-out through holes at even intervals, and the connecting plate is provided with a plurality of second pull-out through holes at even intervals. The connecting plate is fixedly connected to the first stripping template, the second stripping template, ... or the Nth stripping template through the first pull-out through holes and the second pull-out through holes.

[0016] Furthermore, the rotating pull-out component includes a rotating handle, a rotating lead screw, and a connector. One end of the rotating lead screw is fixedly connected to the rotating handle, and the connector is rotatably mounted on the free end of the rotating lead screw. The free end of the connector is fixedly connected to the connecting plate, and the limiting component is disposed on the rotating lead screw.

[0017] Furthermore, the limiting component includes a limiting cylinder, a load-bearing plate, and a hook. The limiting cylinder is threadedly connected to the rotating screw, one end of the limiting cylinder is fixedly connected to the load-bearing plate, the load-bearing plate is sleeved on the rotating screw, a lifting hole is provided on one side of the load-bearing plate, the hook is fixedly installed on the column, and the load-bearing plate and the hook are detachably connected through the lifting hole.

[0018] Furthermore, screw holes are symmetrically provided on both sides of the first demolding template, and each screw hole is threaded with a lifting eye screw, which is fixedly connected to the lifting hook.

[0019] Furthermore, the model frame is made of transparent acrylic material, and the outer surface of the model frame is evenly spaced with scale lines in both the longitudinal and transverse directions.

[0020] A method for caving ore discharge simulation test to control the density of stratified samples, applicable to the aforementioned caving ore discharge simulation test device for controlling the density of stratified samples, comprising the following steps:

[0021] S1: According to the design requirements of the simulated similarity ratio, the particle size of the ore particles and the physical particles of the overburden layer are reduced, and the samples are prepared according to the gradation requirements.

[0022] S2: Install the lower test chamber below the horizontal level on a solid, level site, temporarily seal the aggregate trough, and then set up a temporary support platform around the lower test chamber to provide a working platform for the installation of the upper test chamber, and set up corresponding anti-tipping supports.

[0023] S3: The Nth demolding template is laid on the top of the lower test chamber. The upper surface of the Nth demolding template is coated with lubricating oil. Then, on a firm and level ground, the demolding template assembly is laid from bottom to top in the order of the first demolding template, the second demolding template... the N-1th demolding template. The bottom surfaces of the first demolding template, the second demolding template... the N-1th demolding template are all coated with lubricating oil.

[0024] S4: Place one of the model frames on the N-1 demolding template, weigh the sample according to the volume of each model frame and the density requirements of different layers, divide it evenly into 3 parts, pour each part into the model frame, and use the lifting machine to lift and lower the compaction hammer to compact the model frame in turn.

[0025] S5: Secure the lifting eye bolts on the first demolding template to the lifting hook, and then use the hoist to lift, transport, and stack the first demolding template... the N-1 demolding template, the sample, and the model frame as a whole to the top of the lower test chamber below the bottom level, that is, the center of the Nth demolding template;

[0026] S6: On the work platform, the hook is fixedly connected to the load-bearing plate, the connecting plate is fixedly connected to the first demolding template, and the lower test box and model frame are fixedly connected to the column by fixing clips. The first demolding template, the second demolding template, ... the Nth demolding template are pulled out layer by layer evenly and slowly by a rotating pull-out machine, ensuring that the model frame and the lower test box are completely aligned. Then, the second fastening bolts and sealant are used to connect them into a whole.

[0027] S7: Repeat the operations of S3 to S6, except that the lower test chamber in S3 to S6 is replaced with the model frame processed in the previous step, and the other corresponding parts are changed accordingly. Then, from bottom to top, complete the preparation and installation of samples of different densities of each layer of model frame. Finally, install the anti-tipping support and conduct a safety inspection before ore discharge.

[0028] S8: The ore is discharged sequentially according to the requirements of the simulated test. Throughout the ore discharge process, the layered ribbed transparent test chamber is set within the shooting range of the high-speed camera to observe and record in real time to determine the transport path of the sample particles.

[0029] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0030] By using a caving ore discharge simulation test device that controls the density of samples in layers, the migration law of caving ore blocks and overlying particles under different layers and densities during the ore discharge process was realized. This overcomes the shortcomings of traditional caving ore discharge tests, which can only simulate the migration of samples under a single loose state. The test samples can accurately reflect the actual engineering geological conditions of caving mining. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the observation status of the caving ore discharge simulation test device for layered control of sample density according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the layered ribbed transparent test chamber in the caving and ore-discharging simulation test device for layered control of sample density according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 3 This is a top view of the template removal component in the caving ore discharge simulation test device for layered control of sample density according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the use of a compaction hammer in the caving ore discharge simulation test device for layered control of sample density according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 5This is a schematic diagram of the usage status of the hoist lifting and demolding components and the model frame in the caving ore discharge simulation test device for layered control of sample density according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the usage state of the rotating puller pulling template assembly in the caving ore discharge simulation test device for layered control of sample density according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 7 This invention relates to a caving ore discharge simulation test device for controlling the density of stratified samples, as described in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6 A magnified view of part A in the middle;

[0038] Figure 8 This invention relates to a caving ore discharge simulation test device for controlling the density of stratified samples, as described in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 7 A magnified view of part B in the middle;

[0039] Figure 9 This is a plan view of the rotating puller in the caving ore discharge simulation test device for layered control of sample density according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 10 This is a top view of the fixed clamp and column in the caving ore discharge simulation test device for layered control of sample density according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] Among them, the layered ribbed transparent test chamber 1, upper test chamber 11, model frame 111, ribbed edge 112, first connecting through hole 113, first fastening bolt 114, lower test chamber 12, ore gathering trough 121, ore outlet roadway 122, mounting plate 123, second connecting through hole 124, second fastening bolt 125;

[0042] Template release assembly 2, first template release 21, screw hole 211, eye bolt 212, second template release 22, third template release 23, fourth template release 24, fifth template release 25, sixth template release 26, seventh template release 27, first pull-out through hole 28;

[0043] Rotating pull-out machine 3, connecting plate 31, second pull-out through hole 311, rotating pull-out component 32, rotating hand lever 321, rotating screw 322, connector 323, limiting component 33, limiting cylinder 331, load-bearing plate 332, pad 333, fixing clip 34, and slot 341;

[0044] 4. Hoist; 41. Column; 42. Hook; 43. Triangular rib plate;

[0045] Strike the hammer 5 times;

[0046] High-speed photography camera 6. Detailed Implementation

[0047] Specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. It should be noted that the embodiments described herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the invention. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that these specific details are not necessary to practice the invention. In other instances, well-known circuits, software, or methods have not been specifically described to avoid obscuring the invention.

[0048] Throughout this specification, references to "an embodiment," "an embodiment," "an example," or "an example" mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment of the invention. Therefore, the phrases "in an embodiment," "in an embodiment," "an example," or "an example" appearing in various places throughout the specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, specific features, structures, or characteristics can be combined in one or more embodiments or examples in any suitable combination and / or sub-combination. Moreover, those skilled in the art will understand that the illustrations provided herein are for illustrative purposes and are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0049] Please see Figure 1 and Figures 4-6 This invention provides an embodiment of a caving ore discharge simulation test device and method for layered control of sample density. The device includes: a layered ribbed transparent test chamber 1, a template removal assembly 2, a rotating puller 3, a hoist 4, a compaction hammer 5, and a high-speed camera 6. It is used to simulate and study the migration law of caving ore blocks and overlying particles under different layers and different densities during ore discharge, and to observe and record the sample particle migration path in real time.

[0050] Please see Figure 2 In this embodiment, the layered ribbed transparent test chamber 1 includes an upper test chamber 11 and a lower test chamber 12. The upper test chamber 11 is positioned above the bottom level, and the lower test chamber 12 is positioned below the bottom level. The upper test chamber 11 is detachably mounted on top of the lower test chamber 12, facilitating the separation of the upper and lower test chambers 11 and 12. In this embodiment, the upper test chamber 11 includes multiple model frames 111, each of which is a topless and bottomless model frame. Two adjacent model frames 111 are detachably connected, facilitating layered use.

[0051] Please see Figure 2In this embodiment, six model frames 111 can be selected, and each model frame 111 has the same structural size. The following description uses one model frame 111 as an example: The model frame 111 is made of transparent acrylic material with a thickness of 10cm or more and a height of 10cm. The outer surface of the model frame 111 is provided with scale lines along the longitudinal and transverse directions, and each scale line is spaced 1mm apart. Through the scale lines and the transparent acrylic material, the sample quantity and condition inside the model frame 111 can be better observed. At the same time, in further experiments, the specific migration position of the particles can be determined by the longitudinal and transverse scale lines.

[0052] Please see Figure 2 and Figure 6 In this embodiment, the outer side of the model frame 111 is provided with an edge reinforcement 112, which serves to strengthen the model frame 111 and improve its strength. Multiple first connecting through holes 113 are evenly spaced on the flange surface of the edge reinforcement 112. A first fastening bolt 114 is fixedly installed in every two adjacent first connecting through holes 113. In use, the two adjacent model frames 111 are aligned, and the first fastening bolts 114 pass through the first connecting through holes 113 of the two adjacent model frames 111, thereby achieving a fixed connection between the two adjacent model frames 111, preventing the model frame 111 from shaking freely and reducing the impact on the sample inside the model frame 111. In this embodiment, after the connection of the two adjacent model frames 111 with the first fastening bolts 114 is completed, sealant can be used at the connection point to prevent water seepage. In this embodiment, the edge reinforcement 112 can be selected as high-strength angle steel, which has high hardness and high strength.

[0053] Please see Figure 2 In this embodiment, the lower test chamber 12 is equipped with a ore-gathering trough 121, the bottom of which is connected to an ore-discharge access roadway 122 to simulate an underground ore-discharge system. Multiple ore-gathering troughs 121 and ore-discharge access roadways 122 are provided, and two can be selected for each, increasing the flow channel for the sample during ore discharge. In this embodiment, both the lower test chamber 12 and the ore-discharge access roadway 122 are made of steel plates, which have high hardness and strength, enabling them to withstand the impact of the sample during ore discharge.

[0054] Please see Figure 2 and Figure 6In this embodiment, mounting plates 123 are fixedly connected to the top surface of the lower test chamber 12 around all four sides. Each mounting plate 123 has multiple second connecting through holes 124 that cooperate with the first connecting through holes 113 at even intervals. Second fastening bolts 125 are fixedly connected between the first connecting through holes 113 and the second connecting through holes 124. In use, the lower test chamber 12 and the bottom model frame 111 are aligned, and the second fastening bolts 125 are used to pass through the second connecting through holes 124 and the corresponding first connecting through holes 113, thereby achieving the effect of fixing the lower test chamber 12 and the bottom model frame 111, preventing the model frame 111 from shaking randomly and reducing the impact on the sample inside the model frame 111.

[0055] Please see Figure 2 In this embodiment, the top and bottom surfaces of each model frame 111, the top surface of the lower test chamber 12, and the side of the ribbed 112 that is close to other model frames 111 are all set as flat and smooth surfaces, so that the interface between the two adjacent model frames 111, the lower test chamber 12, and the bottom model frame 111 is relatively flat and smooth when they are fixedly connected, and a relatively sealed connection can be completed.

[0056] Please see Figure 3 In this embodiment, the demolding assembly 2 includes a first demolding template 21, a second demolding template 22, ..., an Nth demolding template. The thickness of the first demolding template 21 to the (N-1)th demolding template decreases uniformly at intervals. The thickness of the Nth demolding template is the same as the thickness of the (N-1)th demolding template, and it is used for demolding between samples. N is set to an integer greater than or equal to seven. In this embodiment, N can be set to seven, that is, the demolding assembly 2 includes a first demolding template 21, a second demolding template 22, a third demolding template 23, a fourth demolding template 24, a fifth demolding template 25, a sixth demolding template 26, and a seventh demolding template 27. The thickness of the first demolding template 21 to the sixth demolding template 26 decreases uniformly at intervals, and the thickness of the seventh demolding template 27 is the same as that of the sixth demolding template 26, which is used for demolding between samples. By setting demolding templates of different thicknesses, the demolding templates can be pulled out sequentially according to their thicknesses. That is, while ensuring that the total thickness of the demolding templates can support the sample inside the model frame 111 without it sinking, the height difference between the upper and lower model frames 111 can be gradually reduced by pulling out the demolding templates of different thicknesses layer by layer, thereby reducing the impact on the sample inside the model frame 111 caused by pulling out the demolding templates, that is, improving the accuracy of the test results.

[0057] Please see Figure 3In this embodiment, the thicknesses of the first stripping template 21 to the seventh stripping template 27 are set to 6mm, 5mm, 4mm, 3mm, 2mm, 1mm and 1mm respectively, and all are made of steel. While ensuring the strength and hardness of the stripping template, the thickness of the stripping template can be minimized, that is, the height difference between the upper and lower model frames 111 is reduced, thereby reducing the impact on the sample inside the model frame 111 caused by pulling the stripping template, that is, improving the accuracy of the test results.

[0058] Please see Figure 3 and Figure 8 In this embodiment, the outer dimensions of the first to seventh stripping templates 21 are progressively smaller than the previous ones, decreasing in thickness. This can be achieved by setting each template to be 20mm smaller proportionally. Furthermore, the outer dimensions of the seventh stripping template 27 are larger than the model frame 111, and can be proportionally enlarged by 20mm. This facilitates the sequential pulling of the first to seventh stripping templates 21 through 27 by component 2 during the stripping process. In this embodiment, the lower surfaces of the first to sixth stripping templates 26 are coated with lubricating oil, and the upper surface of the seventh stripping template 27 is coated with lubricating oil to prevent excessive friction from affecting the pulling process.

[0059] Please see Figure 4-5 In this embodiment, a compaction hammer 5 is detachably connected to the hoist 4. The compaction hammer 5 is used to compact the sample inside the model frame 111. In this embodiment, the hoist 4 includes a column 41 and a hook 42. The hook 42 is vertically connected to the column 41 and is detachably connected to the compaction hammer 5. In use, the hook 42 is fixedly connected to the compaction hammer 5, and the purpose of raising and lowering the hook 42 is achieved to raise and lower the compaction hammer 5, thereby achieving the effect of compacting the sample inside the model frame 111. Triangular reinforcing plates 43 are fixedly installed on both sides of the column 41 to enhance the stability of the column 41. In this embodiment, the hoist 4 is an existing device, so it will not be described in detail here.

[0060] Please see Figure 5 and Figure 7The hook 42 is detachably connected to the first demolding template 21. In this embodiment, screw holes 211 are symmetrically provided on both sides of the first demolding template 21, and each screw hole 211 is threaded with a lifting eye screw 212. The hook 42 is fixedly connected to the lifting eye screw 212, achieving the effect of fixing the hook 42 to the first demolding template 21. That is, when it is necessary to move the first demolding template 21, the second demolding template 22, the third demolding template 23, the fourth demolding template 24, the fifth demolding template 25, and the sixth demolding template 26, the first demolding template 21 to the sixth demolding template 26 are placed from bottom to top in order of thickness from thickest to thinnest. Then, the first demolding template 21 is lifted by the hook 42, which can drive the entire assembly from the first demolding template 21 to the sixth demolding template 26 to move accordingly. In this embodiment, there are multiple screw holes 211, which can be selected as four, symmetrically provided on both sides of the first demolding template 21 in pairs. The lifting eye screws 212 are also set to four in total, so that the lifting and transportation can be kept stable and the impact on the sample inside the model frame 111 can be reduced.

[0061] Please see Figure 5 In this embodiment, the screw hole 211 can also be set as a connecting hole, and the eye screw 212 can be changed to a structure such as a hanging rope, which can achieve the effect of fixing the first release template 21 and the hook 42. In this embodiment, the screw hole 211 and the eye screw 212 are preferred because they have better firmness.

[0062] Please see Figure 6 and Figure 8 The rotating pull-out machine 3 is detachably connected to the template removal assembly 2. In this embodiment, the rotating pull-out machine 3 includes a connecting plate 31, a rotating pull-out component 32, a limiting component 33, and multiple fixing clips 34. The fixing clips 34 can be selected as four, arranged symmetrically in pairs. One end of each fixing clip 34 is engaged with the column 41, and the other end is detachably connected to the lower test chamber 12 or the corresponding model frame 111. That is, the fixing clips 34 are fixedly connected to the lower test chamber 12 or the corresponding model frame 111 by the second fastening bolt 125 or a fastening bolt 114, thereby achieving the effect of fixing the model frame 111 to the column 41. In this embodiment, the connecting plate 31 is rotatably connected to the rotating pull-out member 32, the limiting member 33 is disposed on the rotating pull-out member 32 and fixedly connected to the column 41, and the connecting plate 31 is detachably connected to the first stripping template 21, the second stripping template 22, the third stripping template 23, the fourth stripping template 24, the fifth stripping template 25, the sixth stripping template 26 or the seventh stripping template 27.

[0063] Please see Figure 6 and Figure 10In this embodiment, one end of each fixing clip 34 is connected to the lower test chamber 12 or the corresponding model frame 111 by bolts, and the other end is integrally formed with a slot 341. The slot 341 is snapped onto the column 41, and the clips are symmetrically snapped onto the column in pairs, so as to fix the upper and lower model frames 111 or the lower test chamber 12 and the bottom model frame 111. This prevents the two from shifting vertically and horizontally when the template assembly 2 is pulled out, which would affect the sample in the model frame 111, i.e., affect the test results.

[0064] Please see Figure 3 and Figure 8 In this embodiment, multiple first pull-out through holes 28 are evenly spaced within 20mm of the outer side of the first stripping template 21, second stripping template 22, third stripping template 23, fourth stripping template 24, fifth stripping template 25, sixth stripping template 26 and seventh stripping template 27. There is a 5cm interval between each two adjacent first pull-out through holes 28, and the diameter of each first pull-out through hole 28 is set to 3mm. Multiple second pull-out through holes 311 that cooperate with the first pull-out through holes 28 are evenly spaced on the connecting plate 31. The connecting plate 31 and the stripping template are fixedly connected through the first pull-out through holes 28 and the second pull-out through holes 311. In use, the second pull-out through holes 311 are fixedly connected to the corresponding first pull-out through holes 28 with bolts, and then the layer-by-layer pull-out operation of the stripping template assembly 2 can begin.

[0065] Please see Figure 6-7 and Figure 9 In this embodiment, the rotating pull-out component 32 includes a rotating handle 321, a rotating lead screw 322, and a connector 323. A limiting member 33 is disposed on the rotating lead screw 322 and is fixedly connected to the column 41, so that the rotating lead screw 322 can move relative to the limiting member 33. One end of the rotating lead screw 322 is welded to the rotating handle 321, and the connector 323 is rotatably installed on the free end of the rotating lead screw 322. The free end of the connector 323 is fixedly connected to the connecting plate 31. In use, rotating the rotating handle 321 causes the rotating lead screw 322 to rotate accordingly, and with the cooperation of the limiting member 33, the connector 323 moves relative to the limiting member 33.

[0066] Please see Figure 7 In this embodiment, a rotating column is integrally formed on the right end of the rotating screw 322, and a rotating groove is provided on the left end of the connector 323. In use, the cooperation between the rotating column and the rotating groove prevents the connecting plate 31 from rotating with the rotating screw 322; at the same time, it can prevent the connector 323 from falling off the rotating screw 322.

[0067] Please see Figure 6-7In this embodiment, the limiting component 33 includes a limiting cylinder 331, a load-bearing plate 332, and a hook 42. The limiting cylinder 331 is threadedly connected to the rotating screw 322. One end of the limiting cylinder 331 is fixedly connected to the load-bearing plate 332. The load-bearing plate 332 is sleeved on the rotating screw 322. A lifting hole is provided on one side of the load-bearing plate 332. The hook 42 is fixedly installed on the column 41. The lifting hole and the hook 42 are detachably connected. In use, the load-bearing plate 332 is fixedly connected to the column 41 by the cooperation of the hook 42 and the lifting hole. At the same time, one end of the load-bearing plate 332 abuts against one side of the upper and lower model frames 111, further restricting the movement of the model frames 111. In this embodiment, multiple lifting holes are provided, and two can be selected to achieve a balanced and stable effect.

[0068] Please see Figure 7 In this embodiment, the load-bearing plate 332 is made of a trapezoidal steel plate with a thickness of 6mm and cooperates with the limiting cylinder 331 and the hook 42, so that the rotating screw 322 does not affect it when rotating, and can drive the connecting plate 31 to move accordingly. In this embodiment, the connecting plate 31 is made of a 4mm thick steel plate, which has high hardness and strength, preventing the connecting plate 31 from deforming due to force during the pulling process, thereby affecting the pulling effect. In this embodiment, a pad 333 is fixedly connected between the limiting cylinder 331 and the load-bearing plate 332. The pad 333 is sleeved on the rotating screw 322. The pad 333 prevents the limiting cylinder 331 and the load-bearing plate 332 from having excessive direct contact pressure, thereby increasing the force-bearing area.

[0069] Please see Figure 9 In this embodiment, the rotating lead screw 322 can also be a pull screw or other structure, and the limiting cylinder 331 can also be a nut or other structure, so as to achieve the effect of moving the connecting plate by rotation.

[0070] Please see Figure 1 In this embodiment, throughout the entire ore discharge process, the layered ribbed transparent test chamber is positioned within the shooting range of the high-speed camera. The high-speed camera 6 can be set up facing one side of the layered ribbed transparent test chamber 1, for real-time observation and recording to determine the particle transport path in the sample. In this embodiment, the high-speed camera 6 is an existing device, and therefore will not be described in detail here.

[0071] A method for conducting tests using a caving ore discharge simulation test device that controls the density of stratified samples, applicable to the aforementioned caving ore discharge simulation test device, comprising the following steps:

[0072] S1: According to the design requirements of the simulated similarity ratio, the particle size of the ore particles and the physical particles of the overburden layer are reduced, and the samples are prepared according to the gradation requirements to facilitate later use.

[0073] S2: Install the lower test chamber 12 below the bottom level on a solid, level ground, and temporarily seal the aggregate trough 121. Then, set up a temporary support platform around the lower test chamber 12 to provide a working platform for the installation of the upper test chamber 11, and set up corresponding anti-tipping supports to ensure stability.

[0074] S3: The seventh stripping template 27 is laid on the top of the lower test chamber 12. The upper surface of the seventh stripping template 27 is coated with lubricating oil. Then, on a firm and level ground, the stripping template assembly 2 is laid from bottom to top in the order of the first stripping template 21, the second stripping template 22, the third stripping template 23, the fourth stripping template 24, the fifth stripping template 25 and the sixth stripping template 26. The bottom surfaces of the first stripping template 21, the second stripping template 22, the third stripping template 23, the fourth stripping template 24, the fifth stripping template 25 and the sixth stripping template 26 are all coated with lubricating oil to prevent the normal pulling work from being unable to be carried out due to excessive friction during the pulling process.

[0075] S4: Place one of the model frames 111 on the sixth demolding template 26, weigh the sample according to the volume of each model frame 111 and the density requirements of different layers, divide it evenly into 3 parts, pour each part into the model frame 111 one by one, and use the lifting machine 4 to lift and lower the compaction hammer 5 to compact the sample in the model frame 111 one by one to achieve the required density.

[0076] S5: Fix the lifting eye bolt 212 on the first demolding template 21 to the hook 42, and then use the hoist 4 to lift, transport and stack the first demolding template 21 to the sixth demolding template 26, the sample and the model frame 111 as a whole to the top of the lower test box 12 below the bottom level, that is, the center of the seventh demolding template 27.

[0077] S6: On the work platform, the hook 42 is fixedly connected to the load-bearing plate 332, the connecting plate 31 is fixedly connected to the first demolding template 21, and the lower test box 12 and the model frame 111 are fixedly connected to the column 41 by fixing clips. The demolding templates are then pulled out layer by layer in a uniform and slow manner using the rotating pull-out machine 3 in the order of the first demolding template 21, the second demolding template 22, the third demolding template 23, the fourth demolding template 24, the fifth demolding template 25, the sixth demolding template 26 and the seventh demolding template 27, ensuring that the model frame 111 and the lower test box 12 are completely aligned. Then, the second fastening bolt 125 and sealant are used to connect them into a whole to prevent water leakage.

[0078] S7: Repeat the operations of S3 to S6, except that the lower test chamber 12 in S3 to S6 is replaced with the model frame 111 processed in the previous step, and the other corresponding parts are changed accordingly. Then, from bottom to top, the different density samples of each layer of model frame 111 are made and installed. Finally, the anti-tipping support is installed, and a safety inspection is carried out before ore discharge.

[0079] S8: Minerals are discharged sequentially according to the requirements of the simulated test. During the entire discharge process, a high-speed camera 6 is set up facing one side of the layered ribbed transparent test chamber 1 to observe and record in real time to determine the transport path of the sample particles.

[0080] In summary, this invention, through a caving ore discharge simulation test device and method that controls the density of samples in layers, achieves a simulated experimental study on the migration patterns of caving ore blocks and overlying particles under different strata and densities during ore discharge. This overcomes the limitations of traditional caving ore discharge tests, which can only simulate sample migration under a single loose state. The test samples accurately reflect the actual engineering geological conditions of caving mining. Therefore, this invention effectively overcomes the various shortcomings of existing technologies.

[0081] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and they should all be covered within the scope of the claims and specification of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for caving ore discharge simulation test to control the density of samples by layering, characterized in that, The caving and ore-discharge simulation test method includes a caving and ore-discharge simulation test device, which includes: A layered ribbed transparent test chamber, comprising an upper test chamber and a lower test chamber, wherein the upper test chamber is detachably installed on top of the lower test chamber, and the upper test chamber comprises multiple model frames, each of which is a topless and bottomless model frame; A demolding assembly, comprising a first demolding template, a second demolding template, ..., an Nth demolding template, wherein the thickness of the first demolding template to the (N-1)th demolding template decreases uniformly at intervals, and the thickness of the Nth demolding template is the same as that of the (N-1)th demolding template, is used for demolding between samples; N is set to an integer greater than or equal to seven; A hoist, on which a compaction hammer is detachably connected, is used to compact the sample within the model frame, and the hoist is used for lifting and transporting. A rotating pull-out machine is detachably connected to the template removal assembly and is used to pull out the template removal assembly layer by layer. A high-speed camera is used to observe and record the sample particle migration path in real time. The layered ribbed transparent test chamber is set within the shooting range of the high-speed camera. The caving and ore-discharge simulation test method includes the following steps: S1: According to the design requirements of the simulated similarity ratio, the particle size of the ore particles and the physical particles of the overburden layer are reduced, and the samples are prepared according to the gradation requirements. S2: Install the lower test chamber below the horizontal level on a solid, level site, temporarily seal the aggregate trough, and then set up a temporary support platform around the lower test chamber to provide a working platform for the installation of the upper test chamber, and set up corresponding anti-tipping supports. S3: The Nth demolding template is laid on the top of the lower test chamber. The upper surface of the Nth demolding template is coated with lubricating oil. Then, on a firm and level ground, the demolding template assembly is laid from bottom to top in the order of the first demolding template, the second demolding template... the N-1th demolding template. The bottom surfaces of the first demolding template, the second demolding template... the N-1th demolding template are all coated with lubricating oil. S4: Place one of the model frames on the N-1 demolding template, weigh the sample according to the volume of each model frame and the density requirements of different layers, divide it evenly into 3 parts, pour each part into the model frame, and use the lifting machine to lift and lower the compaction hammer to compact the model frame in turn. S5: Secure the lifting eye bolts on the first demolding template to the lifting hook, and then use the hoist to lift, transport, and stack the first demolding template... the N-1 demolding template, the sample, and the model frame as a whole to the top of the lower test chamber below the bottom level, that is, the center of the Nth demolding template; S6: On the work platform, the hook is fixedly connected to the load-bearing plate, the connecting plate is fixedly connected to the first demolding template, and the lower test box and model frame are fixedly connected to the column by fixing clips. The first demolding template, the second demolding template, ... the Nth demolding template are pulled out layer by layer evenly and slowly by a rotating pull-out machine, ensuring that the model frame and the lower test box are completely aligned. Then, the second fastening bolts and sealant are used to connect them into a whole. S7: Repeat the operations of S3 to S6, except that the lower test chamber in S3 to S6 is replaced with the model frame processed in the previous step, and the other corresponding parts are changed accordingly. Then, from bottom to top, complete the preparation and installation of samples of different densities of each layer of model frame. Finally, install the anti-tipping support and conduct a safety inspection before ore discharge. S8: The ore is discharged sequentially according to the requirements of the simulated test. Throughout the ore discharge process, the layered ribbed transparent test chamber is set within the shooting range of the high-speed camera to observe and record in real time to determine the transport path of the sample particles.

2. The method for caving ore discharge simulation test to control the density of the sample by layering according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hoist includes a column and a hook, with the hook being vertically connected to the column and detachably connected to the hammer.

3. The method for caving ore discharge simulation test to control the density of the sample by layering according to claim 2, characterized in that: The rotating pull-out machine includes a connecting plate, a rotating pull-out component, a limiting component, and multiple fixing clips. The connecting plate is rotatably connected to the rotating pull-out component. The limiting component is disposed on the rotating pull-out component and fixedly connected to the column. The fixing clips are engaged with the column. The free end of the fixing clips is detachably connected to the lower test chamber or the corresponding model frame. The connecting plate is detachably connected to the first demolding template, the second demolding template, ... or the Nth demolding template.

4. The method for caving ore discharge simulation test to control the density of the sample by layering according to claim 3, characterized in that: The outer dimensions of the first stripping template, the second stripping template, ... the Nth stripping template are successively smaller than the previous ones in order from thickest to thinnest, and the outer dimensions of the Nth stripping template are larger than the model frame.

5. The method for caving ore discharge simulation test to control the density of the sample by layering according to claim 4, characterized in that: The outer sides of the first stripping template, the second stripping template, ... the Nth stripping template are all provided with a plurality of first pull-out through holes at even intervals. The connecting plate is provided with a plurality of second pull-out through holes at even intervals. The connecting plate is fixedly connected to the first stripping template, the second stripping template, ... or the Nth stripping template through the first pull-out through holes and the second pull-out through holes.

6. The method for caving ore discharge simulation test to control the density of the sample by layering according to claim 3, characterized in that: The rotating pull-out component includes a rotating handle, a rotating lead screw, and a connector. One end of the rotating lead screw is fixedly connected to the rotating handle, and the connector is rotatably mounted on the free end of the rotating lead screw. The free end of the connector is fixedly connected to the connecting plate, and the limiting component is disposed on the rotating lead screw.

7. The method for caving ore discharge simulation test for layered control of sample density according to claim 6, characterized in that: The limiting component includes a limiting cylinder, a load-bearing plate, and a hook. The limiting cylinder is threaded onto the rotating screw. One end of the limiting cylinder is fixedly connected to the load-bearing plate. The load-bearing plate is sleeved on the rotating screw. A lifting hole is provided on one side of the load-bearing plate. The hook is fixedly installed on the column. The load-bearing plate and the hook are detachably connected through the lifting hole.

8. The method for caving ore discharge simulation test to control the density of the sample by layering according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first demolding template has symmetrical screw holes on both sides, and each screw hole is threaded with a lifting eye screw, which is fixedly connected to the lifting hook.

9. The method for caving ore discharge simulation test to control the density of the sample by layering according to claim 1, characterized in that: The model frame is made of transparent acrylic material, and the outer surface of the model frame is evenly spaced with scale lines in both the longitudinal and transverse directions.

Images