A new building structure and control method for alleviating the chimney effect of high-rise buildings

Abstract

The present invention discloses a novel building structure and control method for alleviating the chimney effect of high-rise buildings. The structure relates to the fields of building technology and elevators, and includes a pressure relief shaft, a one-way airflow channel, a pressure relief mechanism, a monitoring system, and an intelligent control system. The pressure relief shaft is arranged on one side of the elevator shaft, the one-way airflow channel is arranged on the top and bottom floors of the pressure relief channel, the pressure relief shaft is connected to the elevator shaft through the one-way airflow channel, the pressure relief mechanism is respectively arranged above the pressure relief shaft and the elevator hall door, and the monitoring system includes a pressure plate, an indoor thermometer, and an outdoor thermometer. The pressure plates are arranged on both sides of the elevator hall door, the indoor thermometers are evenly arranged in the elevator shaft, and the outdoor thermometer is arranged on the outer wall of the building. The pressure relief mechanism, the pressure plate, the indoor thermometer, and the outdoor thermometer are all electrically connected to the intelligent control system. The present invention can reduce the impact of the chimney effect on elevator operation and ensure the smooth operation of the elevator.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the fields of building technology science and elevators, and particularly relates to a new building structure and a control method for alleviating the chimney effect of high-rise buildings. Background Art

[0002] The "stack effect" in super-high-rise buildings refers to the thermal pressure caused by the air density difference between the building's indoor and outdoor temperatures. This causes outdoor air to seep into the interior through gaps in curtain wall doors and windows, and then rise or fall along vertical shafts such as elevator shafts within the building, resulting in varying degrees of air infiltration. Particularly in winter, the large temperature difference between indoors and outdoors creates a strong stack effect. As the infiltrated air is drawn from the bottom floor to the top floor through the elevator shaft, it creates strong convection. This creates an excessive pressure differential between the inside and outside of the elevator hall doors on the bottom or top floor, exceeding the closing torque of the elevator door operator, causing the hall doors to fail to close and the entire elevator system to malfunction.

[0003] Therefore, the higher the latitude, the more pronounced the chimney effect is in super-tall buildings (due to indoor heating and large temperature differences between indoor and outdoor in winter). Even super-tall buildings in the subtropics, with elevator shafts hundreds of meters high, are susceptible to chimney effects, leading to elevator malfunctions during the relatively low winter indoor temperatures. Furthermore, in the summer, when the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor is too great, a reverse chimney effect, where airflow moves from top to bottom, can occur. As the vertical lifeline of super-tall buildings, the importance of elevators is self-evident.

[0004] Current mitigation measures for the stack effect in existing high-rise buildings can be categorized into architectural design measures and mechanical measures. Architectural design measures include increasing the airtightness of curtain walls, doors, and windows, as well as installing elevator vestibule doors and airtight revolving doors. These measures are typically considered during the building design phase or later in the operational phase. Mechanical measures, such as increasing elevator door closing torque, shaft cooling, and building interior pressurization, are primarily mechanical and can be selected based on practical circumstances. Research has shown that the effectiveness of these mitigation measures varies. In practice, in high-rise buildings with particularly strong stack effect, it is often necessary to shut down some elevators, leaving their doors open, and using the elevator shaft as a pressure relief channel. Engineering practice has shown that these traditional methods can be limited in effectiveness and can also lead to negative consequences, such as disrupting the normal operation of the elevator system and creating safety hazards.

[0005] Therefore, how to propose a new building structure and control method to alleviate the chimney effect of high-rise buildings has become a technical problem that technical personnel in this field urgently need to solve. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, the present invention provides a new building structure and control method for alleviating the chimney effect of high-rise buildings. The present invention can overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, ensure the smooth operation of elevators, and reduce the impact of the chimney effect on elevators.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] A new building structure for alleviating the chimney effect of high-rise buildings includes a pressure relief shaft, a one-way airflow channel, a pressure relief mechanism, a monitoring system, and an intelligent control system. The pressure relief shaft is arranged on one side of an elevator shaft, the one-way airflow channel is arranged on the top and bottom floors of the pressure relief channel, the pressure relief shaft is connected to the elevator shaft through the one-way airflow channel, the pressure relief mechanism is respectively arranged above the pressure relief shaft and the elevator hall door, the monitoring system includes a pressure measuring plate, an indoor thermometer, and an outdoor thermometer, the pressure measuring plates are arranged on both sides of the elevator hall door, the indoor thermometers are evenly arranged in the elevator shaft, and the outdoor thermometer is arranged on the outer wall of the building. The pressure relief mechanism, pressure measuring plate, indoor thermometer, and outdoor thermometer are all electrically connected to the intelligent control system.

[0009] Furthermore, the pressure relief mechanism includes an elevator hall door pressure relief hole and a pressure relief shaft pressure relief hole. The elevator hall door pressure relief hole is arranged above the elevator hall door, and the pressure relief shaft pressure relief holes are arranged on the top and bottom layers of the pressure relief shaft. The openings of the pressure relief shaft pressure relief holes on the top and bottom layers are respectively facing the elevator lobby and the outdoors.

[0010] Furthermore, the pressure measuring plates are symmetrically arranged at the middle positions on both sides of the elevator hall door, and the positions of the pressure measuring holes on the pressure measuring plates on the inner and outer sides correspond to each other.

[0011] Furthermore, the wall surface of the pressure relief shaft is smoothed and provided with a silencer mechanism.

[0012] Furthermore, it also includes a small wind turbine and a shaft cooling system. The small wind turbine is arranged in the pressure relief shaft, and the small wind turbine and the shaft cooling system are both electrically connected to the intelligent control system.

[0013] A novel building structure control method for alleviating the chimney effect of high-rise buildings comprises the following steps:

[0014] S01. When a strong chimney effect occurs in a high-rise building and the elevator hall door pressure differential exceeds the fault threshold, the intelligent control system switches the elevator hall door pressure relief vents to an operational state, activates the hoistway cooling system, and opens the hoistway pressure relief vents.

[0015] S02. After the airflow caused by the stack effect in the elevator shaft is initially alleviated and the pressure differential across the elevator hall door drops below the threshold that causes a fault, the intelligent control system returns the elevator hall door pressure relief vent to the closed state, but continues to operate the shaft cooling system and keep the shaft pressure relief vent open.

[0016] S03. After the indoor and outdoor thermometers detect that the temperature difference between the elevator shaft and the outside is equal, the intelligent control system closes the shaft cooling system and the pressure relief holes in the shaft.

[0017] S04. When the stack effect in the elevator shaft increases again to the threshold that causes elevator operation failure, the intelligent control system will once again initiate countermeasures according to the above logic.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0019] 1. The present invention uses a pressure difference and temperature monitoring system to monitor the working status of the elevator system in real time. The intelligent control system uses pressure difference and temperature difference as control indicators, thereby achieving the purpose of automatic control based on actual conditions without the need for human intervention;

[0020] 2. The pressure relief holes above the elevator hall doors of the present invention, when switched from a closed state to an active state, can divert some of the airflow caused by the chimney effect during operation. One-way airflow channels are provided on the bottom and top floors of the pressure relief shaft to divert piston wind generated during elevator operation. This reduces the wind pressure on the hall doors and ensures that the hall doors can continue to operate normally even when the chimney effect is at its strongest.

[0021] 3. After the pressure relief hole of the pressure relief shaft of the present invention is opened, the pressure relief shaft can be put into use to divert the airflow caused by the chimney effect to the elevator shaft, thereby further reducing the wind pressure on the elevator hall door; the shaft cooling system alleviates the chimney effect in the building by cooling the elevator shaft, thereby also reducing the wind pressure on the hall door. After the elevator shaft temperature is basically the same as the outdoor temperature, the chimney effect of the entire building is effectively alleviated, and the intelligent control system then closes the pressure relief hole of the pressure relief shaft and the shaft cooling system. It takes some time for the shaft temperature to rise. During this period, the chimney effect in the building is in a relatively weak state and will not affect the normal operation of the elevator door;

[0022] 4. The present invention designs and installs a small wind power generation fan in the pressure relief shaft, uses the airflow in the pressure relief shaft to generate electricity, and supplies the generated electricity to the shaft cooling system, partially meeting its power supply requirements and achieving the purpose of energy saving. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the detection system of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the location of the pressure relief shaft of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 A top view of the pressure relief shaft of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a circuit diagram of the control system of the present invention.

[0027] In the figure: 1-pressure measuring plate; 2-elevator hall door; 3-elevator hall door pressure relief hole; 4-indoor thermometer; 5-intelligent control system; 6-pressure relief hole of pressure relief shaft; 7-outdoor thermometer; 8-shaft cooling system; 9-small wind turbine; 10-one-way airflow channel; 11-pressure relief shaft; ①first switch; ②second switch. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0029] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", "one side", etc., indicating directions or positional relationships, are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or components referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention; the terms "first", "second", and "third" are only used for descriptive purposes and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. In addition, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or a circuit connection; it can be a direct connection, an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be internal communication between two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0030] Example 1

[0031] This embodiment discloses a new building structure for alleviating the chimney effect of high-rise buildings, including a pressure relief shaft 11 , a one-way airflow channel 10 , a pressure relief mechanism, a monitoring system, and an intelligent control system 5 .

[0032] As attached Figure 1As shown, the monitoring system includes a pressure plate 1, an indoor thermometer 4 and an outdoor thermometer 7. The pressure plate 1 is installed on the elevator hall door 2. The installation location should be 1 / 2 of the elevator door height to ensure the accuracy of the measurement data. The pressure holes on the inner and outer pressure plates correspond to each other. The intelligent control system 5 can subtract the pressure values ​​measured by the pressure holes on both sides of the elevator hall door to obtain the pressure difference value on the elevator hall door 2, and can monitor it in real time. The indoor thermometers 4 are evenly arranged along the height of the shaft. The average shaft temperature T is calculated based on the data collected by multiple indoor thermometers 4. i , the outdoor thermometer 7 is installed on the outer wall of the building to measure the outdoor temperature T o The data measured by the pressure plate 1, indoor thermometer 4 and outdoor thermometer 7 are input into the intelligent control system 5, which controls the shaft cooling system 8, the front hall door pressure relief hole 3 and the pressure relief shaft pressure relief hole 6, and adjusts the response measures according to the actual intensity of the chimney effect of the high-rise building.

[0033] As attached Figure 2-3 As shown, the pressure relief shaft 11 is relatively isolated from the elevator shaft, and the inner wall is as smooth as possible, and noise reduction measures are taken on the shaft wall. The noise reduction measures in this embodiment are silencer plates; the pressure relief mechanism includes the elevator hall door pressure relief hole 3 and the pressure relief shaft pressure relief hole 6. The elevator hall door pressure relief hole 3 is only installed on the floors near the bottom and top floors of the building where the elevator system is prone to operational failures. When the elevator hall door pressure relief hole 3 is working, its open and closed states are related to the operation of the elevator hall door 2. When the system detects that the elevator car is parked at this floor, the elevator hall door pressure relief hole 3 is controlled to open before the elevator hall door 2 is opened, and then closed after the elevator hall door 2 is closed, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing the wind pressure on the elevator hall door 2 when it is working; the pressure relief shaft pressure relief hole 6 is installed on the pressure relief shaft 11, and the pressure relief shaft pressure relief hole 6 remains open after receiving the start signal. Among them, when T o <T i When T o >T iThe opposite is true. This design can be used to deal with the reverse chimney effect that may occur in high-rise buildings in hot climates in summer. A small wind turbine 9 is also provided in the pressure relief shaft 12. The small wind turbine 9 is electrically connected to the shaft cooling system 8 and both are controlled by the intelligent control system 5. When the pressure relief hole 6 of the pressure relief shaft is opened, air flows through the pressure relief shaft 12. The small wind turbine 9 can use this airflow to generate a certain amount of electricity to supply the shaft cooling system 8, so as to achieve the purpose of saving resources, low carbon and environmental protection. The one-way airflow channel 10 is provided on the bottom and top floors of the pressure relief shaft 11. In this channel, it is ensured that the airflow can only flow from the elevator shaft to the pressure relief shaft 11, which serves the purpose of diverting the piston wind generated during the operation of the elevator to the elevator hall door 2, thereby further reducing the wind pressure on the elevator hall door 2.

[0034] Example 2

[0035] This embodiment discloses a novel building structure control method for alleviating the chimney effect of high-rise buildings, comprising the following steps:

[0036] S01. When a strong chimney effect occurs in a high-rise building, the pressure difference of the elevator hall door 2 exceeds the fault threshold, the intelligent control system 5 adjusts the hall door pressure relief hole 3 to the working state, opens the shaft cooling system 8 and opens the pressure relief shaft pressure relief hole 6;

[0037] S02. After the airflow caused by the chimney effect in the elevator shaft is initially alleviated and the pressure differential across elevator hall door 2 drops below the fault-causing pressure differential threshold, intelligent control system 5 returns the hall door pressure relief vent to the closed state, but continues to operate the shaft cooling system 8 and keep the shaft pressure relief vent 6 open.

[0038] S03. When the temperature difference between the elevator shaft and the outside reaches approximately the same level, the intelligent control system closes the shaft cooling system 8 and the shaft pressure relief holes 6. Since the shaft takes time to warm up on its own, the chimney effect in the shaft is relatively weak during this time. Therefore, the elevator system will not experience operational failures due to a strong chimney effect for a period of time.

[0039] S04. When the chimney effect in the elevator shaft increases again to the point where it may cause an elevator malfunction, the intelligent control system 5 will initiate countermeasures again according to the above logic.

[0040] The control logic of its intelligent control system is shown in the attached Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the control logic is explained in the form of a circuit diagram: the working conditions of the two switches are as follows: the first switch ①: is located in position b when the pressure difference between the elevator hall door 2 exceeds the fault threshold, otherwise it is located in position a; the second switch ②: is closed when the pressure difference between the elevator hall door 2 exceeds the fault threshold, and is opened when the average temperature of the shaft is equal to the outdoor temperature.

[0041] Although the above describes the specific embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications or variations that can be made by those skilled in the art on the basis of the technical solution of the present invention without any creative work are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A new building structure for alleviating the chimney effect of high-rise buildings, characterized in that: It includes a pressure relief shaft, a one-way airflow channel, a pressure relief mechanism, a monitoring system and an intelligent control system. The pressure relief shaft is arranged on one side of the elevator shaft, the one-way airflow channel is arranged on the top and bottom layers of the pressure relief channel, the pressure relief shaft is connected to the elevator shaft through the one-way airflow channel, the pressure relief mechanism is respectively arranged above the pressure relief shaft and the elevator hall door, the monitoring system includes a pressure measuring plate, an indoor thermometer and an outdoor thermometer, the pressure measuring plates are arranged on both sides of the elevator hall door, the indoor thermometers are evenly arranged in the elevator shaft, the outdoor thermometer is arranged on the outer wall of the building, and the pressure relief mechanism, the pressure measuring plate, the indoor thermometer and the outdoor thermometer are all electrically connected to the intelligent control system; The pressure relief mechanism includes an elevator hall door pressure relief hole and a pressure relief shaft pressure relief hole. The elevator hall door pressure relief hole is arranged above the elevator hall door, and the pressure relief shaft pressure relief holes are arranged on the top and bottom layers of the pressure relief shaft. The openings of the pressure relief shaft pressure relief holes on the top and bottom layers are respectively facing the elevator lobby and the outdoors.

2. A novel building structure for alleviating the chimney effect of high-rise buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure measuring plates are symmetrically arranged at the middle positions on both sides of the elevator hall door, and the positions of the pressure measuring holes on the pressure measuring plates on the inner and outer sides correspond to each other.

3. A novel building structure for alleviating the chimney effect of high-rise buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wall surface of the pressure relief well is smooth and is provided with a silencer mechanism.

4. A novel building structure for alleviating the chimney effect of high-rise buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a small wind turbine and a shaft cooling system. The small wind turbine is arranged in the pressure relief shaft. The small wind turbine and the shaft cooling system are both electrically connected to the intelligent control system.

5. A control method for a new building structure for alleviating the chimney effect of a high-rise building according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The following steps are included: S01. When a strong chimney effect occurs in a high-rise building and the elevator hall door pressure differential exceeds the fault threshold, the intelligent control system switches the elevator hall door pressure relief vents to an operational state, activates the hoistway cooling system, and opens the hoistway pressure relief vents. S02. After the airflow caused by the stack effect in the elevator shaft is initially alleviated and the pressure differential across the elevator hall door drops below the threshold that causes a fault, the intelligent control system returns the elevator hall door pressure relief vent to the closed state, but continues to operate the shaft cooling system and keep the shaft pressure relief vent open. S03. After the indoor and outdoor thermometers detect that the temperature difference between the elevator shaft and the outside is equal, the intelligent control system closes the shaft cooling system and the pressure relief holes in the shaft. S04. When the stack effect in the elevator shaft increases again to the threshold that causes elevator operation failure, the intelligent control system will once again initiate countermeasures according to the above logic.

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