A process-oriented high signal density self-powered wireless sensing device

Abstract

This invention discloses a high-signal-density self-powered wireless sensing device for process applications, comprising a stator substrate (1), a contact optimization layer (2), a first friction layer (3), and a slider; the stator substrate is covered with the contact optimization layer (2); the contact optimization layer (2) is covered with the first friction layer (3); the slider is arranged on the upper surface of the first friction layer (3) and is movable on the first friction layer (3); the slider includes a second friction layer (4), a slider substrate (5), and a side electrode (6); the second friction layer (4) is arranged on the upper surface of the first friction layer (3); the slider substrate (5) is arranged on the upper surface of the second friction layer (4); the side electrode (6) is attached to the sidewall of the slider substrate (5) and is used to collect the charge generated by the discharge breakdown during the slider sliding process to form a high-density sensing signal (sensing segments containing hundreds of information within 1 second), which is then wirelessly transmitted, transmitted, and received through a pair of inductors. The sensor provided by this invention does not require additional power for signal generation and transmission throughout the entire wireless transmission process, achieving truly self-driven wireless transmission throughout the entire process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of sensors, and particularly to a process-oriented high-signal-density self-powered wireless sensing device. Background Art

[0002] At present, with the continuous expansion of the scale of sensor networks, the demand for wireless sensing is also increasing day by day. The composition of a sensor network generally includes a sensing unit, a transmission unit, and a power supply unit. In most wireless sensing design schemes, data transmission and energy transmission are independent of each other, and an additional power supply unit is required to provide energy, thus restricting the flexibility of signal acquisition and the breadth of application scenarios. In this regard, using the energy of the sensing object itself to generate signals and wirelessly transmit them simultaneously is an efficient sensing solution in the construction of sensor nodes.

[0003] The triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) can be used as an effective alternative solution to solve part of the power supply problem in wireless sensing, thereby reducing the complexity of wiring in signal transmission and being more environmentally friendly.

[0004] Although wireless TENG shows great application value in self-powered wireless sensing, in current studies, firstly, the signal transmission link in wireless sensing (such as through a wireless module) requires external power supply; secondly, the effective distance of self-powered wireless transmission is limited (within dozens of meters), and the received signal amplitude at the receiving end is not high; finally, the number of transmitted signals per unit generated by wireless signals - the signal density is very low (close to the frequency of mechanical movement). Relying solely on a single signal to distinguish sensing information will lead to misjudgment of information, reducing the sensing accuracy, and also greatly reducing the analyzability of sensing signals. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a process-oriented high-signal-density self-powered wireless sensing device, including a stator substrate, a contact optimization layer, a first friction layer, and a slider.

[0006] The contact optimization layer is covered on the stator substrate.

[0007] The first friction layer is covered on the contact optimization layer.

[0008] The slider is arranged on the upper surface of the first friction layer and is movable on the first friction layer under an external force.

[0009] The slider includes a second friction layer, a slider substrate, and a side electrode.

[0010] The second friction layer is arranged on the lower surface of the slider substrate and contacts the first friction layer.

[0011] The side electrode is attached to the side wall of the slider substrate and is used to collect the charge generated by the discharge breakdown during the slider sliding process to form a sensing signal.

[0012] Furthermore, it also includes inductors;

[0013] The inductor coil sends out sensing signals guided by the side electrodes.

[0014] Furthermore, the materials of the stator substrate and the slider substrate include acrylic.

[0015] Furthermore, the contact optimization layer is made of sponge. The contact optimization layer is used to optimize the contact state between the first friction layer and the second friction layer.

[0016] Furthermore, the material of the side electrode includes aluminum.

[0017] Furthermore, the material of the first friction layer includes nylon.

[0018] Furthermore, the material of the second friction layer includes PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene).

[0019] Furthermore, during the sliding process of the slider on the upper surface of the first friction layer, a discharge breakdown occurs between the side electrode and the first or second friction layer, and a discharge breakdown occurs between the first or second friction layer and the air, thereby forming a sensing signal.

[0020] Furthermore, during the process of the slider sliding in one direction on the upper surface of the first friction layer, the working stages of the sensor include the triboelectric stage I, the charge accumulation stage I, the charge saturation stage I, and the positive current output stage.

[0021] During the process of the slider sliding in another direction on the upper surface of the first friction layer, the working stages of the sensor include triboelectric stage II, charge accumulation stage II, charge saturation stage II, and negative current output stage.

[0022] Furthermore, when the sensor is in the triboelectric stage I, the sliding of the slider causes the surfaces of the first and second friction layers to carry equal amounts of opposite charges.

[0023] When the sensor is in charge accumulation stage I, the charge on the surfaces of the first and second friction layers begins to accumulate.

[0024] When the sensor is in charge saturation stage I, the charge on the surfaces of the first and second friction layers reaches saturation.

[0025] When the sensor is in the positive current output stage, the electrostatic field between the first friction layer on the sliding A side and the air reaches the air breakdown threshold, and the air ionizes to form a conductive channel. The electrostatic field in the air gap between the side electrode and the second friction layer on the sliding B side rises until it exceeds the air breakdown threshold, and the air is further ionized to form a conductive channel, generating a positive DC output. Here, the sliding A side is the side without the side electrode, and the sliding B side is the side where the side electrode is located.

[0026] Furthermore, when the sensor is in the triboelectric stage II, the sliding of the slider causes the surfaces of the first and second friction layers to carry equal amounts of opposite charges.

[0027] When the sensor is in charge accumulation stage II, the charge on the surfaces of the first and second friction layers begins to accumulate.

[0028] When the sensor is in charge saturation stage II, the charge on the surfaces of the first and second friction layers reaches saturation.

[0029] When the sensor is in the negative current output stage, the electrostatic field between the second friction layer on the sliding A side and the air reaches the air breakdown threshold, and the air ionizes to form a conductive channel. The electrostatic field in the air gap between the side electrode and the first friction layer on the sliding B side rises until it exceeds the air breakdown threshold, and the air is further ionized to form a conductive channel, generating a negative DC output. Here, the sliding A side is the side without the side electrode, and the sliding B side is the side where the side electrode is located.

[0030] The technical advantages of this invention are undeniable. The sensor provided by this invention requires no additional power supply during the entire wireless transmission process, from signal generation to transmission, achieving truly self-powered wireless transmission throughout the entire process. This invention provides a greater amount of information for analysis and can suppress interference from individual abnormal signals during feature recognition, thereby achieving high-precision wireless sensing. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the sensor structure;

[0032] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the sensor's workflow;

[0033] Figure 3 (A)- Figure 3 (E) is a conceptual design diagram of a self-powered HSD wireless sensor;

[0034] Figure 4 (A)- Figure 4 (C) shows the comparative test and coil coupling system.

[0035] Figure 5 (A)- Figure 5 (I) is a characterization of the signal density of a self-powered HSD sensor;

[0036] Figure 6 (A)- Figure 6 (D) is a practical application of the self-powered HSD sensor (long-distance wireless transmission test);

[0037] Figure 7 A high-signal-density, self-powered wireless sensing device with an inductor coil;

[0038] In the figure, there is a stator substrate 1, a contact optimization layer 2, a first friction layer 3, a second friction layer 4, a slider substrate 5, and a side electrode 6. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments, but it should not be construed that the scope of the present invention is limited to the following embodiments. Various substitutions and modifications made based on ordinary technical knowledge and common practices in the art without departing from the above-described technical concept of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] Example 1:

[0041] See Figures 1 to 7 A process-oriented high signal density self-powered wireless sensing device includes a stator substrate 1, a contact optimization layer 2, a first friction layer 3, and a slider.

[0042] A contact optimization layer 2 is applied over the stator substrate.

[0043] The first friction layer 3 is covered on the contact optimization layer 2.

[0044] The slider is arranged on the upper surface of the first friction layer 3, and the slider can move on the first friction layer 3 under the action of external force.

[0045] The slider includes a second friction layer 4, a slider substrate 5, and a side electrode 6.

[0046] The second friction layer 4 is disposed on the upper surface of the first friction layer 3.

[0047] The second friction layer 4 is disposed on the lower surface of the slider substrate 5 and is in contact with the first friction layer 3.

[0048] The side electrode 6 is attached to the side wall of the slider substrate 5 and is used to collect the charge generated by the discharge breakdown during the slider sliding process to form a sensing signal (a sensing segment containing hundreds of pieces of information within 1 second). The sensing signal is then wirelessly transmitted, transmitted and received through a pair of inductor coils.

[0049] High signal density self-powered wireless sensing devices also include inductor coils;

[0050] The inductor coil sends out the sensing signal guided by the side electrode 6.

[0051] The materials of the stator substrate 1 and the slider substrate 5 include acrylic.

[0052] The contact optimization layer 2 is made of sponge. The contact optimization layer 2 is used to optimize the contact state between the first friction layer 3 and the second friction layer 4.

[0053] The material of the side electrode 6 includes aluminum.

[0054] The material of the first friction layer 3 includes nylon.

[0055] The material of the second friction layer 4 includes PTFE.

[0056] During the sliding process of the slider on the upper surface of the first friction layer 3, a discharge breakdown occurs between the side electrode 6 and the first friction layer 3 or the second friction layer 4, and a discharge breakdown occurs between the first friction layer 3 or the second friction layer 4 and the air, thereby forming a sensing signal.

[0057] During the process of the slider sliding in one direction on the upper surface of the first friction layer 3, the working stages of the sensor include the triboelectric stage I, the charge accumulation stage I, the charge saturation stage I, and the positive current output stage.

[0058] During the process of the slider sliding in another direction on the upper surface of the first friction layer 3, the working stages of the sensor include the triboelectric stage II, the charge accumulation stage II, the charge saturation stage II, and the negative current output stage.

[0059] When the sensor is in the triboelectric stage I, the sliding of the slider causes the surfaces of the first friction layer 3 and the second friction layer 4 to carry equal amounts of opposite charges.

[0060] When the sensor is in charge accumulation stage I, the charge on the surfaces of the first friction layer 3 and the second friction layer 4 begins to accumulate.

[0061] When the sensor is in charge saturation stage I, the charge on the surfaces of the first friction layer 3 and the second friction layer 4 reaches saturation.

[0062] When the sensor is in the positive current output stage, the electrostatic field between the first friction layer 3 on the sliding A side and the air reaches the air breakdown threshold, and the air ionizes to form a conductive channel. The electrostatic field in the air gap between the side electrode 6 and the second friction layer 4 on the sliding B side rises until it exceeds the air breakdown threshold, and the air is further ionized to form a conductive channel, generating a positive DC output. Here, the sliding A side is the side without the side electrode, and the sliding B side is the side where the side electrode 6 is located.

[0063] When the sensor is in the triboelectric stage II, the sliding of the slider causes the surfaces of the first friction layer 3 and the second friction layer 4 to carry equal amounts of opposite charges.

[0064] When the sensor is in charge accumulation stage II, the charge on the surfaces of the first friction layer 3 and the second friction layer 4 begins to accumulate.

[0065] When the sensor is in charge saturation stage II, the charge on the surfaces of the first friction layer 3 and the second friction layer 4 reaches saturation.

[0066] When the sensor is in the negative current output stage, the electrostatic field between the second friction layer 4 on the sliding A side and the air reaches the air breakdown threshold, and the air ionizes to form a conductive channel. The electrostatic field in the air gap between the side electrode 6 and the first friction layer 3 on the sliding B side rises until it exceeds the air breakdown threshold, and the air is further ionized to form a conductive channel, generating a negative DC output. Here, the sliding A side is the side without the side electrode, and the sliding B side is the side where the side electrode 6 is located.

[0067] Example 2:

[0068] A process-oriented high signal density self-powered wireless sensing device includes a stator substrate 1, a contact optimization layer 2, a first friction layer 3, and a slider.

[0069] A contact optimization layer 2 is applied over the stator substrate.

[0070] The first friction layer 3 is covered on the contact optimization layer 2.

[0071] The slider is arranged on the upper surface of the first friction layer 3 and can move on the first friction layer 3 under the action of external force.

[0072] The slider includes a second friction layer 4, a slider substrate 5, and a side electrode 6.

[0073] The second friction layer 4 is disposed on the upper surface of the first friction layer 3.

[0074] The second friction layer 4 is disposed on the lower surface of the slider substrate 5 and is in contact with the first friction layer 3.

[0075] The side electrode 6 is attached to the side wall of the slider substrate 5 and is used to collect the charge generated by the discharge breakdown during the slider sliding process to form a sensing signal.

[0076] Example 3:

[0077] A process-oriented high signal density self-powered wireless sensing device, with the same technical content as Embodiment 2, further wherein the stator substrate 1 and the slider substrate 5 are made of acrylic.

[0078] Example 4:

[0079] A process-oriented, high-signal-density, self-powered wireless sensing device, with technical content identical to any one of embodiments 2-3, further wherein the material of the contact optimization layer 2 includes sponge. The contact optimization layer 2 is used to optimize the contact state between the first friction layer 3 and the second friction layer 4.

[0080] Example 5:

[0081] A process-oriented high signal density self-powered wireless sensing device, with the same technical content as any one of embodiments 2-4, further wherein the material of the side electrode 6 includes aluminum.

[0082] Example 6:

[0083] A process-oriented high signal density self-powered wireless sensing device, with the same technical content as any one of embodiments 2-5, further wherein the material of the first friction layer 3 includes nylon.

[0084] Example 7:

[0085] A process-oriented high signal density self-powered wireless sensing device, with the same technical content as any one of embodiments 2-6, further wherein the material of the second friction layer 4 includes PTFE.

[0086] Example 8:

[0087] A process-oriented high signal density self-powered wireless sensing device, with the same technical content as any one of embodiments 2-7, further wherein, during the sliding process of the slider on the upper surface of the first friction layer 3, a discharge breakdown occurs between the side electrode 6 and the first friction layer 3 or the second friction layer 4, and a discharge breakdown occurs between the first friction layer 3 or the second friction layer 4 and the air, thereby forming a sensing signal.

[0088] Example 9:

[0089] A process-oriented high signal density self-powered wireless sensing device, with the same technical content as any one of embodiments 2-8, further wherein, during the sliding of the slider on the upper surface of the first friction layer 3 in one direction, the working stages of the sensor include a triboelectric stage I, a charge accumulation stage I, a charge saturation stage I, and a positive current output stage.

[0090] During the process of the slider sliding in another direction on the upper surface of the first friction layer 3, the working stages of the sensor include the triboelectric stage II, the charge accumulation stage II, the charge saturation stage II, and the negative current output stage.

[0091] Example 10:

[0092] A process-oriented high signal density self-powered wireless sensing device, with the same technical content as any one of embodiments 2-9, further wherein when the sensor is in the triboelectric stage I, due to the sliding of the slider, the surfaces of the first friction layer 3 and the second friction layer 4 are covered with equal amounts of opposite charges.

[0093] When the sensor is in charge accumulation stage I, the charge on the surfaces of the first friction layer 3 and the second friction layer 4 begins to accumulate.

[0094] When the sensor is in charge saturation stage I, the charge on the surfaces of the first friction layer 3 and the second friction layer 4 reaches saturation.

[0095] When the sensor is in the positive current output stage, the electrostatic field between the first friction layer 3 on the sliding A side and the air reaches the air breakdown threshold, and the air ionizes to form a conductive channel. The electrostatic field in the air gap between the side electrode 6 and the second friction layer 4 on the sliding B side rises until it exceeds the air breakdown threshold, and the air is further ionized to form a conductive channel, generating a positive DC output. Here, the sliding A side is the side without the side electrode, and the sliding B side is the side where the side electrode 6 is located.

[0096] Example 11:

[0097] A process-oriented high signal density self-powered wireless sensing device, with the same technical content as any one of embodiments 2-10, further wherein when the sensor is in the triboelectric stage II, due to the sliding of the slider, the surfaces of the first friction layer 3 and the second friction layer 4 are covered with equal amounts of opposite charges.

[0098] When the sensor is in charge accumulation stage II, the charge on the surfaces of the first friction layer 3 and the second friction layer 4 begins to accumulate.

[0099] When the sensor is in charge saturation stage II, the charge on the surfaces of the first friction layer 3 and the second friction layer 4 reaches saturation.

[0100] When the sensor is in the negative current output stage, the electrostatic field between the second friction layer 4 on the sliding A side and the air reaches the air breakdown threshold, and the air ionizes to form a conductive channel. The electrostatic field in the air gap between the side electrode 6 and the first friction layer 3 on the sliding B side rises until it exceeds the air breakdown threshold, and the air is further ionized to form a conductive channel, generating a negative DC output. Here, the sliding A side is the side without the side electrode, and the sliding B side is the side where the side electrode 6 is located.

[0101] Example 12:

[0102] A process-oriented high signal density self-powered wireless sensing device, with the same technical content as any one of embodiments 2-11, further comprising an inductor coil.

[0103] The inductor coil sends out the sensing signal guided by the side electrode 6.

[0104] Example 13:

[0105] A process-oriented high signal density self-powered wireless sensing device, with the same technical content as any one of embodiments 2-11, further wherein the specific coil parameters used in long-distance testing are: a pair of multi-strand induction coils with an inner diameter of 180 mm, an outer diameter of 200 mm, and a thickness of 1.9 mm (each with an inductance value of 12 μH).

[0106] Example 14:

[0107] A process-oriented, high-signal-density, self-powered wireless sensing device, see [link / reference]. Figure 1 PTFE and nylon films are used as friction layers for the slider and stator, respectively. A sponge layer is used on the acrylic substrate of the stator to optimize the contact state between the stator and the slider. An aluminum foil layer is attached to the right side of the acrylic substrate on the slider as the side electrode of the TENG, which collects the charge generated by discharge breakdown during sliding to form a sensing signal.

[0108] The charge transfer behavior of the designed sensor during one motion cycle is as follows: Figure 2 As shown: In stage i, due to triboelectric charging, the surfaces of nylon and PTFE carry equal but opposite charges. When the slider moves to the right under external force, the charge begins to accumulate rapidly (stage ii). When the charge on the dielectric layer reaches saturation (stage iii), as the slider continues to move to the right, the electrostatic field between the nylon and air on the left side of the slider reaches the air breakdown threshold, and the air ionizes to form a conductive channel; on the right side of the slider, the electrostatic field in the air gap between PTFE and the aluminum side electrode rises rapidly until it exceeds the air breakdown threshold, and the air further ionizes to form a conductive channel. Therefore, a positive DC output is generated in stage iv. At the same time, the charge number of the PTFE and nylon layers maintains a dynamic balance of charge during the rightward sliding process, and the charge number is always in a saturated state. In stages v and vi, when the slider slides to the left, air breakdown again causes a negative current to flow in the external circuit. Unlike the rightward sliding process, at this time, the right side of the slider is the air breakdown between the aluminum side electrode and the nylon.

[0109] Figure 3 A shows a high signal density (HSD) sensor that integrates self-powered operation, wireless transmission, and high signal density (i.e., the sensor disclosed in Examples 1-11). Figure 3 B is a physical diagram of the device slider, which achieves real-time high signal density sensing through continuous air breakdown discharge during the sliding process. Figure 3C represents the glow emitted by the camera during the instantaneous discharge breakdown of the nylon / PTFE air and the aluminum side electrode / PTFE during the sliding process. By connecting the output charge flow to the transmitting coil, the carried information can be transmitted to the receiving coil via its own power. Figure 3 D). Within a single sliding cycle, hundreds of recordable discharges are generated. Therefore, this self-powered wireless HSD sensing scheme can obtain rich information reflecting the entire mechanical motion process, rather than the single signal found in traditional wireless TENG sensing schemes. Figure 3 E). Compared to traditional signals, it provides a greater amount of information for analysis, thus improving sensing accuracy. Throughout the entire wireless transmission process, neither signal generation nor transmission requires additional power, achieving truly self-powered wireless transmission.

[0110] Figure 4 A represents measured data, showing a comparison of the wireless sensing information segments measured within 1 second by a traditional single-discharge wireless TENG sensor and an HSD sensor under the same driving frequency and pressure conditions. The signal density ρ is defined as follows. s =Q s / D, where Q s The ρ value represents the number of signals, and D represents the sliding distance. This is used to quantitatively compare the difference in the amount of information obtained by the two wireless sensing schemes. The traditional TENG sensor's ρ... s1 It is 0.04, while the ρ of the HSD sensor is... s2 It is 1.27, which is 32 times that of the traditional TENG sensor. Figure 4 B illustrates the effect of wireless transmission coupled with inductor coils. At the same detection distance of 20cm, when the oscilloscope probe is suspended for reception, the signal is a single pulse with an amplitude of 4.26V. When a single inductor coil is placed at the test point and connected to the probe, the signal amplitude increases to 13.58V, and the signal changes from a single pulse to an oscillating and decaying waveform. When two inductor coils are placed at both ends and connected to the probe at the test point respectively, the signal amplitude increases to 59.59V due to the superposition of oscillating components of different frequencies and phases, and the signal transforms into an oscillating and decaying waveform with multiple envelopes. When using a pair of inductor coils for wireless transmission, the electrical model of the HSD sensing scheme is equivalent to an RLC (resistor-inductor-capacitor) circuit, including the capacitor C1 between the TENG side electrode and ground, the circuit resistors R1 and R2, the inductors L1 and L2, and the additional capacitors C2 and C3, as shown below. Figure 4 As shown in C. From Figure 4The voltage amplitudes of the three signals in B show that the resonant gain caused by the RLC circuit increases the amplitude of the received voltage, indicating that using a pair of coils to enhance the coupling system of wireless transmission is feasible. Achieving self-powered signal transmission through coupled inductor coils increases both the amplitude of the wireless transmission signal and the wireless transmission distance.

[0111] Since high signal density sensing is achieved by generating continuous air breakdown, the most direct and effective way is to enhance the air breakdown discharge effect of the device to increase its signal density. According to Paschen's law for gas breakdown, air breakdown can be more easily generated by reducing the gas gap (in this case, the distance between the aluminum side electrode and the PTFE film). Therefore, by changing the distance between the PTFE and Al side electrodes, the minimum breakdown voltage is reduced, thereby enhancing the air breakdown effect. Under test conditions of 1Hz frequency and 40N force, eight groups of devices with spacings d of 0.5mm, 1.0mm, 2.0mm, 2.5mm, 3.0mm, 4.0mm, 5.0mm, and 6.0mm were tested. Only the comparison between spacings of 2.5mm and 6.0mm is shown here. Figure 5 A). It can be seen that the number of discharge signals effectively extracted by the device with a spacing of 2.5 mm is significantly higher than that of the device with a spacing of 6.0 mm. Then, the peak count of the flipped signal is performed (the number of signal pulses is calculated) ( Figure 5 B). At a spacing of 2.5 mm, the peak count is 311, while at 6.0 mm, it is only 67. Based on the definition of signal density, the signal density for these eight cases was calculated. Figure 5 C) The voltage reaches its maximum at a 2.5mm pitch, corresponding to the inflection point in the Paschen curve. The inflection point represents the minimum breakdown voltage, at which air breakdown is most likely to occur. Therefore, the number of discharge signals is also the highest under these conditions. Furthermore, the electrical characterization of devices with a 2.5mm pitch also exhibits the best output performance.

[0112] Investigate the effect of different pressures on the signal density of the HSD sensor:

[0113] The device used has an aluminum side electrode and PTFE spacing of 2.5 mm, and a motion frequency of 1 Hz. Under 40 N pressure, the number of signals and average amplitude are significantly higher than those under 10 N pressure. Figure 5 D). After the signal inversion, the peak counts at pressures of 40N and 10N are 280 and 66, respectively. Figure 5 E). Calculations show that the device is in 10 ～ Signal density under 40N pressure ( Figure 5The force density (F) is linearly related to the applied force. Therefore, the signal density of the HSD sensor is also a valuable force sensing parameter. Figure 5 G displays the raw signals at motion frequencies of 0.5Hz and 1.0Hz. To compare data for the same motion distance, 2s and 1s of data were taken at 0.5Hz and 1.0Hz, respectively. After signal inversion, peak counts were performed (see details). Figure 5 H) No significant difference. At the set driving frequency, the signal density remained relatively stable. Figure 5 I), the motion frequency can be measured by the number of signals per unit time (I), Figure 5 I) Determining the value of signal density. Through parameter characterization of the HSD sensor, it was demonstrated that signal density is a valuable parameter for the entire motion process (dynamic changes in device spacing, force, and frequency). Signal density, as a new sensing information parameter, eliminates the need to analyze single signals for distinguishing sensing information. Analysis of single signals often suffers from interference from local anomalies, reducing sensor stability and accuracy. In contrast, the analysis of high-density signals provides far more effective information, thus masking interference from individual anomalous signals during feature recognition, thereby achieving high-precision wireless sensing.

[0114] The wireless transmission distance of HSD self-powered sensors is a crucial factor in practical applications. Tests were conducted in a long corridor of a building. Figure 6 A). The transmitter and receiver are marked on the exterior view of the building. The distance measured with a rangefinder is 100.69 m. At the transmitter, the device, with a 2.5 mm gap between the PTFE and aluminum side electrodes, is driven by a 1 Hz linear motor under a pressure of 40 N. Figure 6 B). At the receiving end, an oscilloscope connected to the secondary coil receives an oscillator signal with an amplitude of 3.96V, which is one of a series of discharge signals. Figure 6 C and Figure 6 D).

Claims

1. A process-oriented, high-signal-density, self-powered wireless sensing device, characterized in that: Includes a stator substrate (1), a contact optimization layer (2), a first friction layer (3), and a slider; A contact optimization layer (2) is covered on the stator substrate. A first friction layer (3) is covered on the contact optimization layer (2); The slider is arranged on the upper surface of the first friction layer (3) and can move on the first friction layer (3) under the action of external force; The slider includes a second friction layer (4), a slider substrate (5), and a side electrode (6). The second friction layer (4) is disposed on the lower surface of the slider substrate (5); The side electrode (6) is attached to the side wall of the slider substrate (5) to collect the charge generated by the discharge breakdown during the slider sliding process, so as to form a sensing signal.

2. The process-oriented high signal density self-powered wireless sensing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes inductors; The inductor coil sends out a sensing signal guided by the side electrode (6).

3. The process-oriented high signal density self-powered wireless sensing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The materials of the stator substrate (1) and the slider substrate (5) include acrylic.

4. A process-oriented, high-signal-density, self-powered wireless sensing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the contact optimization layer (2) includes sponge; the contact optimization layer (2) is used to optimize the contact state between the first friction layer (3) and the second friction layer (4).

5. A process-oriented, high-signal-density, self-powered wireless sensing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the side electrode (6) includes aluminum.

6. A process-oriented, high-signal-density, self-powered wireless sensing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the first friction layer (3) includes nylon.

7. A process-oriented, high-signal-density, self-powered wireless sensing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the second friction layer (4) includes PTFE.

8. A process-oriented, high-signal-density, self-powered wireless sensing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the sliding process of the slider on the upper surface of the first friction layer (3), the side electrode (6) and the first friction layer (3) or the second friction layer (4) undergo discharge breakdown, and the first friction layer (3) or the second friction layer (4) and the air undergo discharge breakdown, thereby forming a sensing signal.

9. A process-oriented, high-signal-density, self-powered wireless sensing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the process of the slider sliding in one direction on the upper surface of the first friction layer (3), the working stages of the sensor include the triboelectric stage I, the charge accumulation stage I, the charge saturation stage I, and the positive current output stage. During the process of the slider sliding in another direction on the upper surface of the first friction layer (3), the working stages of the sensor include the triboelectric stage II, the charge accumulation stage II, the charge saturation stage II, and the negative current output stage.

10. A process-oriented, high-signal-density, self-powered wireless sensing device according to claim 9, characterized in that: When the sensor is in the triboelectric stage I, due to the sliding of the slider, the surfaces of the first friction layer (3) and the second friction layer (4) are covered with equal amounts of opposite charges. When the sensor is in charge accumulation stage I, the charge on the surface of the first friction layer (3) and the second friction layer (4) begins to accumulate; When the sensor is in charge saturation stage I, the charge on the surfaces of the first friction layer (3) and the second friction layer (4) reaches saturation; When the sensor is in the positive current output stage, the electrostatic field between the first friction layer (3) located on the sliding A side and the air reaches the air breakdown threshold, and the air is ionized to form a conductive channel; The electrostatic field in the air gap between the side electrode (6) and the second friction layer (4) located on the sliding B side rises until it exceeds the threshold of air breakdown, and the air is further ionized to form a conductive channel and generate positive DC output; where the sliding A side is the side without the side electrode and the sliding B side is the side where the side electrode (6) is located. When the sensor is in the triboelectric stage II, due to the sliding of the slider, the surfaces of the first friction layer (3) and the second friction layer (4) are covered with equal amounts of opposite charges. When the sensor is in charge accumulation stage II, the charge on the surface of the first friction layer (3) and the second friction layer (4) begins to accumulate; When the sensor is in charge saturation stage II, the charge on the surfaces of the first friction layer (3) and the second friction layer (4) reaches saturation; When the sensor is in the negative current output stage, the electrostatic field between the second friction layer (4) located on the sliding A side and the air reaches the air breakdown threshold, and the air is ionized to form a conductive channel; the electrostatic field in the air gap between the side electrode (6) and the first friction layer (3) located on the sliding B side rises until it exceeds the air breakdown threshold, and the air is further ionized to form a conductive channel, generating a negative DC output; where the sliding A side is the side without the side electrode, and the sliding B side is the side where the side electrode (6) is located.

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