Hydrogen fuel cell heat dissipation system multi-fan device and its hierarchical control method

Abstract

The application discloses a hydrogen fuel cell heat dissipation system multi-fan device and a hierarchical control method thereof. The device comprises a fuel cell stack, an air system, a hydrogen supply system and a cooling liquid system. The fuel cell stack is respectively provided with a cooling liquid inlet, a cooling liquid outlet, an air inlet, an air outlet, a hydrogen inlet and a hydrogen outlet. The air inlet and the air outlet of the fuel cell stack are connected with the air system. The hydrogen inlet and the hydrogen outlet of the fuel cell stack are connected with the hydrogen supply system. The cooling liquid inlet and the cooling liquid outlet of the fuel cell stack are connected with the cooling liquid system. The application divides the fan into different levels and works in different speed intervals, so that more fans are in the high-efficiency interval of the motor, thereby improving the efficiency of the fan motor and reducing energy consumption. When the speed requirement is low, the fan position is moved to be closer to the cooling flow channel inlet, the temperature difference between the fan wind and the cooling flow channel is increased, and the heat dissipation capacity is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of hydrogen fuel cell technology, in particular to a hydrogen fuel cell heat dissipation system multi-fan device and a hierarchical control method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Hydrogen fuel cells have the advantages of zero emissions and fast hydrogen refueling, effectively solving the problems of long charging time and short driving range of lithium batteries, and have broad development prospects in the field of new energy vehicles.

[0003] A hydrogen fuel cell system generates a large amount of heat during operation, and the heat dissipation subsystem is responsible for effectively transferring this heat to the external environment to maintain the fuel cell system within an appropriate temperature range. The heat dissipation subsystem typically includes components such as the stack, water pump, thermostat, heat dissipation fan, temperature sensor, and piping. The heat dissipation fan is a key component of the heat dissipation subsystem, and its speed directly affects the heat dissipation effect and the efficiency of the fan motor.

[0004] Existing heat dissipation fan control strategies typically use PID control, adjusting the speed of multiple fans simultaneously or individually to meet heat dissipation requirements. However, this control strategy often fails to fully utilize the high-efficiency range of the fan motor, resulting in low overall fan motor efficiency and high energy consumption. SUMMARY

[0005] To this end, the present application provides a hydrogen fuel cell heat dissipation system multi-fan device and a hierarchical control method thereof to solve the problems raised in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A hydrogen fuel cell heat dissipation system multi-fan device, comprising a fuel cell stack, an air system, a hydrogen supply system, and a cooling liquid system, wherein the fuel cell stack is provided with a cooling liquid inlet, a cooling liquid outlet, an air inlet, an air outlet, a hydrogen inlet, and a hydrogen outlet, respectively; the air inlet and air outlet of the fuel cell stack are connected to the air system; the hydrogen inlet and hydrogen outlet of the fuel cell stack are connected to the hydrogen supply system; and the cooling liquid inlet and cooling liquid outlet of the fuel cell stack are connected to the cooling liquid system.

[0008] The cooling liquid system comprises a water pump connected to the cooling liquid inlet end of the fuel cell stack via a pipeline, and a radiator comprising a cooling flow channel and multiple fans evenly arranged in two rows on one side of the cooling flow channel.

[0009] Preferably, the cooling liquid system further comprises a filter connected to the outlet end of the radiator via a pipeline, and the other end of the filter is connected to the water pump via a pipeline.

[0010] Preferably, the cooling liquid system further comprises temperature sensors, two of which are respectively connected to the cooling liquid inlet and the cooling liquid outlet through pipes.

[0011] Further preferably, the cooling liquid system further comprises a three-way valve, one flow channel of which is connected to the cooling liquid outlet through a pipe, another flow channel of which is connected to the radiator cooling liquid inlet through a pipe, and the third flow channel of which is connected to the pipe between the filter and the water pump.

[0012] A hierarchical control method for a multi-fan device of a hydrogen fuel cell heat dissipation system,

[0013] The PID control algorithm is adopted to monitor the system temperature in real time and output fan speed demand A, wherein the multiple fans are sequentially represented as fan 1-fan N; and the fan speeds are sequentially represented as R1, R2, R3, R4, 0

[0014] When the speed demand A is less than or equal to R3, the fan 1 speed is A, the fan 2 speed is 0, and the fan N speed is 0.

[0015] When the speed demand range is R3

[0016] When the speed demand range is 2*R3

[0017] When the speed demand range is (N-1)*R3+R4

[0018] When the speed demand range is (N-2)*R3+2*R4

[0019] When the speed demand range is A>N*R4, the fan 1 speed is R4, the fan 2 speed is R4, and the fan N speed is R4.

[0020] Preferably, when the speed demand range is A

[0021] When the speed requirement range is A>N*R3, the multiple fans rotate, and the fan 1 position returns to the previous position.

[0022] Preferably, with the change of the fan speed, the fan motor efficiency is divided into a low efficiency zone, a middle efficiency 1 zone, a high efficiency zone and a middle efficiency 2 zone, wherein the speed of the fan motor in the low efficiency zone is greater than 0 and less than R1; the speed of the fan motor in the middle efficiency 1 zone is greater than or equal to R1 and less than R2; the speed of the fan motor in the high efficiency zone is greater than or equal to R2 and less than R3; the speed of the fan motor in the middle efficiency 2 zone is greater than or equal to R3 and less than or equal to R4.

[0023] The present application has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0024] The present application divides the fans into different levels and works in different speed intervals, so that more fans are in the high efficiency interval of the motor, thereby improving the efficiency of the fan motor and reducing energy consumption; when the speed requirement is low, the fan position is moved, so that the fan position is closer to the entrance of the cooling flow channel, the temperature difference between the fan wind and the cooling flow channel is increased, and the heat dissipation capacity is increased; at the same time, the present application also adopts the PID control and dynamic adjustment mode, adjusts the fan speed according to the actual heat dissipation requirement, so as to achieve better heat dissipation effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the prior art and the present application, the drawings needed in the following description of the prior art and the embodiments of the present application will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only exemplary, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings from the provided drawings without creating labor.

[0026] The structures, proportions, sizes, etc. shown in the specification are only used to cooperate with the content disclosed in the specification, so that those skilled in the art can understand and read, and are not used to limit the limiting conditions of the implementation of the present application. Any modification of structure, change of proportion relationship or adjustment of size, which does not affect the effect and purpose that can be achieved by the present application, should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed by the present application.

[0027] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a multiple fan device of a hydrogen fuel cell heat dissipation system according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Figure 2 For Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the fan layout structure in the middle heat sink;

[0029] Figure 3 For Figure 2 The fan motor efficiency curve in

[0030] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS:

[0031] 1, fuel cell stack; 101, coolant inlet; 102, coolant outlet; 103, air inlet; 104, air outlet; 105, hydrogen inlet; 106, hydrogen outlet; 2, air system; 3, hydrogen supply system; 4, coolant system; 401, water pump; 402, radiator; 403, fan; 404, filter; 405, temperature sensor; 406, three-way valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present application more clear, the present application is further described in detail below in combination with the drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific examples described herein are only used to explain the present application, and are not used to limit the present application.

[0033] Please refer to Figures 1-3 The embodiment of the present application provides a hydrogen fuel cell heat dissipation system multi-fan device, which comprises a fuel cell stack 1, an air system 2, a hydrogen supply system 3, and a coolant system 4. The fuel cell stack 1 is respectively provided with a coolant inlet 101, a coolant outlet 102, an air inlet 103, an air outlet 104, a hydrogen inlet 105, and a hydrogen outlet 106. The air inlet 103 and the air outlet 104 of the fuel cell stack 1 are connected to the air system 2. The hydrogen inlet 105 and the hydrogen outlet 106 of the fuel cell stack 1 are connected to the hydrogen supply system 3. The coolant inlet 101 and the coolant outlet 102 of the fuel cell stack 1 are connected to the coolant system 4. The coolant system 4 comprises a water pump 401, which is connected to the coolant inlet 101 of the fuel cell stack 1 through a pipeline. The coolant system 4 further comprises a radiator 402, which comprises a cooling flow channel and a plurality of fans 403. The plurality of fans 403 are evenly arranged in two rows on one side of the cooling flow channel. In a specific implementation, under the driving of the water pump 401, the coolant after cooling treatment enters the fuel cell stack 1 from the coolant inlet 101 through a pipeline, exchanges heat in the fuel cell stack 1, and then comes out from the coolant outlet 102. The coolant discharged from the coolant outlet 102 flows into the radiator 402 through a pipeline, and is cooled and radiated by the plurality of fans 403 in the radiator 402. The cooled coolant is also conveyed into the fuel cell stack 1 by the pipeline for heat exchange. At the same time, the air system 2 provides air for the fuel cell stack 1, and the hydrogen supply system 3 provides hydrogen for the fuel cell stack 1.

[0034] The coolant system 4 further comprises a filter 404, which is connected to the outlet end of the radiator 402 through a pipeline, and the other end of the filter 404 is connected to the water pump 401 through a pipeline.

[0035] The cooling liquid system 4 further comprises two temperature sensors 405, which are connected to the cooling liquid inlet 101 and the cooling liquid outlet 102 respectively through pipes.

[0036] The cooling liquid system 4 further comprises a three-way valve 406, one flow channel of which is connected to the cooling liquid outlet 102 through a pipe, another flow channel of which is connected to the cooling liquid inlet of the radiator 402 through a pipe, and the third flow channel of which is connected to the pipe between the filter 404 and the water pump 401.

[0037] A hierarchical control method of a multi-fan device of a hydrogen fuel cell cooling system, comprising:

[0038] A PID control algorithm is adopted to monitor the system temperature in real time and output fan speed demand A, wherein the multiple fans 403 are sequentially represented as fan 1-fan N; the fan speeds are sequentially represented as R1, R2, R3, R4, 0

[0039] When the speed demand A is less than or equal to R3, the speed of fan 1 is A, the speed of fan 2 is 0, and the speed of fan N is 0.

[0040] When the speed demand range is R3

[0041] When the speed demand range is 2*R3

[0042] When the speed demand range is (N-1)*R3+R4

[0043] When the speed demand range is (N-2)*R3+2*R4

[0044] When the speed demand range is A>N*R4, the speed of fan 1 is R4, the speed of fan 2 is R4, and the speed of fan N is R4.

[0045] When the speed demand range is A≤R3, the position of fan 1 is moved, and the position is moved by a distance L along the direction of the cooling flow channel inlet.

[0046] When the speed demand range is A>N*R3, the multiple fans 403 rotate, and the fan 1 position returns to the previous position.

[0047] With the change of the fan 403 speed, the fan motor efficiency is divided into a low efficiency area, a medium efficiency 1 area, a high efficiency area, and a medium efficiency 2 area, wherein the fan motor speed in the low efficiency area is greater than 0 and less than R1; the fan motor speed in the medium efficiency 1 area is greater than or equal to R1 and less than R2; the fan motor speed in the high efficiency area is greater than or equal to R2 and less than R3; and the fan motor speed in the medium efficiency 2 area is greater than or equal to R3 and less than or equal to R4.

[0048] The above several specific embodiments can be combined with each other, and some embodiments may not be described again for the same or similar concepts or processes.

[0049] The above describes the present application in more detail and in greater detail through general description and specific embodiments. It should be noted that without departing from the concept of the present application, it is obvious that the specific embodiments can be deformed and improved, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application patent should be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. A hierarchical control method for a multi-fan device in a hydrogen fuel cell heat dissipation system, characterized in that, include: The multi-fan device of the hydrogen fuel cell heat dissipation system includes a fuel cell stack (1) and a coolant system (4). The fuel cell stack (1) is provided with a coolant inlet (101) and a coolant outlet (102). The coolant inlet (101) and coolant outlet (102) of the fuel cell stack (1) are connected to the coolant system (4). The coolant system (4) includes a water pump (401), which is connected to the coolant inlet (101) of the fuel cell stack (1) via a pipe. The coolant system (4) also includes a radiator (402), which includes a cooling channel and multiple fans (403). The multiple fans (403) are evenly arranged in two rows on one side of the cooling channel. The fan at the inlet of the cooling channel can be moved along the inlet direction of the cooling channel. The PID control algorithm is adopted to monitor the system temperature in real time and output the fan speed requirement A. The multiple fans (403) are represented as fan 1 to fan N in sequence; the fan speeds are represented as R1, R2, R3, R4 in sequence, 0 < R1 < R2 < R3 < R4, and R4 is the maximum fan speed. When the required speed A ≤ R3, the speed of fan 1 = A, the speed of fan 2 = 0, and the speed of fan N = 0. When the required speed range is R3<A≤2*R3, the speed of fan 1 is R3, the speed of fan 2 is A-R3, and the speed of fan N is 0. When the required speed range is 2*R3<A≤(N-1)*R3+R4, the speed of fan 1 is R3, the speed of fan 2 is R3, and the speed of fan N is A-(N-1)*R3; When the required speed range is (N-1)*R3+R4<A≤(N-2)*R3+2*R4, the speed of fan 1 is R3, the speed of fan 2 is A-(N-2*R3+R4), and the speed of fan N is R4. When the required speed range is (N-2)*R3+2*R4<A≤N*R4, the speed of fan 1 is A-(N-1)*R4, the speed of fan 2 is R4, and the speed of fan N is R4. When the required speed range is A > N*R4, the speed of fan 1 is R4, the speed of fan 2 is R4, and the speed of fan N is R4. When the required speed range is A≤R3, move the position of fan 1 and move a distance L along the direction of the cooling channel inlet; when the required speed range is A>N*R3, multiple fans (403) rotate, and the position of fan 1 returns to the previous position.

2. The hierarchical control method for a multi-fan device in a hydrogen fuel cell heat dissipation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, As the speed of the fan (403) changes, the efficiency of the fan motor is divided into a low-efficiency zone, a medium-efficiency zone 1, a high-efficiency zone, and a medium-efficiency zone 2. In the low-efficiency zone, the speed of the fan motor is greater than 0 and less than R1; in the medium-efficiency zone 1, the speed of the fan motor is greater than or equal to R1 and less than R2; in the high-efficiency zone, the speed of the fan motor is greater than or equal to R2 and less than R3; and in the medium-efficiency zone 2, the speed of the fan motor is greater than or equal to R3 and less than or equal to R4.

3. The hierarchical control method for a multi-fan device in a hydrogen fuel cell heat dissipation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coolant system (4) also includes a filter (404), which is connected to the outlet end of the radiator (402) via a pipe, and the other end of the filter (404) is connected to the water pump (401) via a pipe.

4. The hierarchical control method for a multi-fan device in a hydrogen fuel cell heat dissipation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coolant system (4) also includes a temperature sensor (405). Two temperature sensors (405) are provided, and the two temperature sensors (405) are respectively connected to the coolant inlet (101) and the coolant outlet (102) through pipes.

5. The hierarchical control method for a multi-fan device in a hydrogen fuel cell heat dissipation system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The coolant system (4) also includes a three-way valve (406), one of the flow ports of the three-way valve (406) is connected to the coolant outlet (102) via a pipe, the other flow port of the three-way valve (406) is connected to the coolant inlet of the radiator (402) via a pipe, and the third flow port of the three-way valve (406) is connected to the pipe between the filter (404) and the water pump (401).

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