Waste treatment facility

Abstract

A waste treatment facility of the present invention includes a storage section that stores waste; at least one treatment device that performs intermediate treatment on a portion of the waste stored in the storage section; a hydrothermal treatment device that generates a modified substance by hydrolyzing a remaining portion of the waste stored in the storage section with steam; and a treatment condition setting device that acquires process data of the hydrothermal treatment device, estimates an index for setting a treatment condition for intermediate treatment of the waste in the at least one treatment device based on the process data, and sets the treatment condition based on the index.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to a waste treatment facility.

[0002] This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2021-184843, filed on November 12, 2021, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Background Technology

[0003] Waste treatment facilities are equipped with processing equipment for intermediate waste treatment, and most are configured to perform intermediate treatment under appropriate conditions. For example, in the case of a waste treatment facility that is a waste incineration facility, automatic combustion control is used to automatically adjust the amount of waste supplied to the incinerator (processing equipment) and the amount of combustion air. Patent Document 1 discloses a technology for calculating the waste feeding speed of a waste feeder that supplies waste to the incinerator based on the lower heating value of the waste (high-precision lower heating value and low-precision lower heating value).

[0004] Existing technical documents

[0005] Patent documents

[0006] Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2017-180971 Summary of the Invention

[0007] The problem that the invention aims to solve

[0008] However, in the technology described in Patent Document 1, the high-precision lower heating value is calculated based on the relationship between the heat input and heat output of the incinerator, while the low-precision lower heating value is calculated based on the composition of the exhaust gas generated by waste incineration. That is to say, since the waste supply is set after the waste is incinerated, the delay in controlling the amount of waste supplied to the incinerator may cause instability in the operation of the incinerator.

[0009] This disclosure was made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and its purpose is to provide a waste treatment facility that enables stable operation of the treatment equipment.

[0010] Solution for solving the problem

[0011] To achieve the above objectives, the waste treatment facility disclosed herein comprises: a storage section for storing waste; at least one treatment device for intermediate treatment of a portion of the waste stored in the storage section; a hydrothermal treatment apparatus for hydrolyzing the remaining portion of the waste stored in the storage section using steam to generate a modified product; and a treatment condition setting device for acquiring process data of the hydrothermal treatment apparatus, estimating, based on the process data, indicators for setting treatment conditions for intermediate treatment of the waste in the at least one treatment device, and setting the treatment conditions based on the indicators.

[0012] Invention Effects

[0013] The waste treatment facility disclosed herein enables the treatment equipment to operate stably. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a diagram that schematically illustrates the configuration of the waste treatment facility (incineration facility) according to the first embodiment.

[0015] Figure 2 This is a schematic functional block diagram of the incineration condition setting device according to the first embodiment.

[0016] Figure 3 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration for obtaining the amount of waste input and the amount of steam supply in the first embodiment.

[0017] Figure 4 This is a diagram that schematically illustrates the configuration of the incineration facility according to the second embodiment.

[0018] Figure 5 This is a diagram that schematically illustrates the configuration of the component determination device according to the second embodiment.

[0019] Figure 6A This is a diagram illustrating the hydrothermal treatment equilibrium model of the second embodiment.

[0020] Figure 6B This is a diagram representing the first mapping diagram of the second embodiment.

[0021] Figure 6C This is a diagram showing a summary of the process measurement values ​​of the second embodiment.

[0022] Figure 6D This is a diagram showing a list of unknowns in the second embodiment.

[0023] Figure 6E This is a diagram showing the estimated composition and moisture content of the waste from the second embodiment.

[0024] Figure 7This is a diagram that schematically illustrates the configuration of the component determination device in a modified example of the second embodiment.

[0025] Figure 8 This is a diagram representing a modified example of the second embodiment.

[0026] Figure 9 This is a diagram that schematically illustrates the configuration of the incineration facility according to the third embodiment.

[0027] Figure 10 This is a diagram that schematically illustrates the configuration of the supply device in the third embodiment.

[0028] Figure 11 This is a diagram that schematically illustrates the configuration of the supply device in a modified example of the third embodiment.

[0029] Figure 12 This is a diagram that schematically illustrates the configuration of the incineration facility according to the fourth embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0030] Hereinafter, a waste treatment facility according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described based on the accompanying drawings. The described embodiment represents one aspect of the present disclosure and is not intended to limit the present disclosure; any modifications may be made within the scope of the technical concept of the present disclosure.

[0031] <First Implementation>

[0032] (Composition of waste treatment facilities)

[0033] Figure 1 This diagram schematically illustrates the configuration of the waste treatment facility according to the first embodiment. The waste treatment facility is, for example, an incineration facility 1 that incinerates waste Ws, such as municipal solid waste. Municipal solid waste mainly consists of household waste, paper waste, and plastic waste, and includes small amounts of metal. Waste Ws is not limited to municipal solid waste; it can also be waste with a higher water content than municipal solid waste, such as sludge generated from wastewater from factories, etc., or agricultural waste. In this disclosure, the case of incineration facility 1 as the waste treatment facility will be described as an example.

[0034] like Figure 1 As shown, the incineration facility 1 includes: a storage section 2, a processing equipment 4, a hydrothermal treatment device 6, and a processing condition setting device 8.

[0035] Storage section 2 stores waste materials (Ws). Figure 1In the illustrated embodiment, storage section 2 is a waste pit 2A (2), and incineration facility 1 includes a platform 102, a crane 104, a receiving hopper 106, and a waste feeding device 108. The waste pit 2A is connected to the platform 102 and stores waste Ws fed from the platform 102 by a waste transport vehicle 103. Then, the crane 104, located in the waste pit 2A, feeds a portion of the waste Ws stored in the waste pit 2A into the receiving hopper 106. The waste feeding device 108 supplies the waste Ws fed into the receiving hopper 106 to the incinerator 4A, which will be described later. Specifically, the waste feeding device 108 reciprocates by pushing the waste Ws fed into the receiving hopper 106 toward the incinerator 4A, and supplies it to the incinerator 4A via a supply port 105 formed in the incinerator 4A.

[0036] Processing equipment 4 performs intermediate processing on a portion of the waste Ws stored in storage section 2. Figure 1 In the exemplified manner, the processing equipment 4 is an incinerator 4A (4) that incinerates a portion of the waste Ws stored in the landfill 2A. Figure 1 In the illustrated embodiment, the incinerator 4A has a cylindrical shape extending vertically and includes a grate 110 for accumulating waste Ws that is pushed into the incinerator 4A via a feed port 105. The grate 110 is configured to move the waste Ws accumulated on it away from the feed port 105. The grate 110 forms a drying zone 112, a combustion zone 114, and a post-combustion zone 116 arranged sequentially from upstream to downstream of the direction of movement of the waste Ws. In the drying zone 112, the waste Ws accumulated on the grate 110 are dried by the heat within the incinerator 4A. In the combustion zone 114, a flame Fr is generated, which burns the waste Ws accumulated on the grate 110. In the post-combustion zone 116, any unburned waste in the combustion zone 114 is completely burned. The waste Ws that are dried, burned, and post-combusted within the incinerator 4A become ash As and are discharged outside the incinerator 4A.

[0037] exist Figure 1 In the illustrated embodiment, the incineration facility 1 includes an air supply device 118 that supplies combustion air for the combustion of waste Ws to the incinerator 4A. The air supply device 118 includes: a blower 120; an air supply line 122 connecting the blower 120 to the grate 110 for the flow of combustion air; and an air flow regulating valve 124 located on the air supply line 122 for regulating the amount of combustion air supplied by the blower 120 to the incinerator 4A.

[0038] Blower 120 draws combustion air from outside the incineration facility 1 and supplies it to the incinerator 4A from below the grate 110 via air supply line 122. Air supply line 122 has multiple air supply ports, supplying combustion air to the drying zone 112, combustion zone 114, and post-combustion zone 116 respectively. Air flow regulating valve 124 includes: a first air flow regulating valve 124a (124) for regulating the amount of combustion air supplied to the drying zone 112; a second air flow regulating valve 124b (124) for regulating the amount of combustion air supplied to the combustion zone 114; and a third air flow regulating valve 124c (124) for regulating the amount of combustion air supplied to the post-combustion zone 116.

[0039] exist Figure 1 In the exemplified manner, the incineration facility 1 is configured to treat the exhaust gas Eg generated from the combustion of waste Ws, and includes: a flue 126, a heat exchanger 128, a dust collector 130, an induced draft blower 132, a chimney 134, a steam turbine 136, and a generator 138.

[0040] The flue 126 is vertically connected to the upper part of the incinerator 4A, allowing waste gas Eg to circulate. In the flow direction of waste gas Eg through the flue 126, a heat exchanger 128, a dust collector 130, and an induced draft fan 132 are sequentially installed from the upstream side of the flue 126. A chimney 134 is located at the downstream end of the flue 126.

[0041] Heat exchanger 128 recovers heat from waste gas Eg by exchanging heat between steam, supply water, and waste gas Eg. Figure 1 In the illustrated configuration, heat exchanger 128 includes an upstream heat exchanger 128A (128) and a downstream heat exchanger 128B (128) disposed downstream of the upstream heat exchanger 128A in the direction of exhaust gas Eg flow. The upstream heat exchanger 128A is, for example, a superheater, in which steam flowing through it is superheated by the exhaust gas Eg. The superheated steam S1 generated in the upstream heat exchanger 128A is then supplied to a steam turbine 136, driving the turbine to rotate. A generator 138 is connected to the steam turbine 136 and generates electricity in response to the rotation of the turbine 136. The downstream heat exchanger 128B is, for example, a reheater or economizer, supplied with exhaust steam S2 discharged from the steam turbine 136. The downstream heat exchanger 128B then exchanges heat between the exhaust steam S2 and the exhaust gas Eg. It should be noted that, although not shown in the figure, the incineration facility 1 is also equipped with a condenser, and the downstream heat exchanger 128B can also be supplied with condensate generated by cooling the exhaust steam S2 by the condenser.

[0042] Dust collector 130 collects particulate matter (fly ash) contained in exhaust gas Eg. Induction blower 132 introduces exhaust gas Eg into chimney 134. Chimney 134 discharges exhaust gas Eg to the outside of incineration facility 1. Figure 1 In the illustrated embodiment, the incineration facility 1 further includes: a circulation pipeline 140 connecting the flue 126 to the incinerator 4A; and a circulation blower 142 disposed in the circulation pipeline 140 to circulate a portion of the waste gas Eg flowing in the flue 126 to the incinerator 4A. The circulation pipeline 140 is connected between the dust collector 130 and the induced draft blower 132 in the flue 126. It should be noted that the circulation blower 142 is a forced-in type blower that draws the waste gas Eg from the flue 126 and forces it into the incinerator 4A.

[0043] The hydrothermal treatment apparatus 6 and the treatment condition setting device 8 will be described. The hydrothermal treatment apparatus 6 uses steam to hydrolyze the remaining portion of waste Ws stored in the landfill 2A (storage section 2), generating modified material X1. Figure 1 In the illustrated embodiment, the hydrothermal treatment unit 6 is mounted on a workbench 144 located within the landfill 2A. The hydrothermal treatment unit 6 receives waste Ws from the landfill 2A via a crane 104 and hydrolyzes the received waste Ws in batches using steam. It should be noted that the hydrothermal treatment unit 6 can perform wet hydrolysis by contacting the waste Ws with steam, or it can perform dry hydrolysis by indirectly heating the waste Ws without contacting it with steam. The modified material X1 can be supplied to the incinerator 4A as described later, or it can be discharged to the outside of the incineration facility 1.

[0044] In several embodiments, the steam used by the hydrothermal treatment apparatus 6 to hydrolyze the remaining portion of waste Ws includes the aforementioned exhaust steam S2. In several embodiments, the steam turbine 136 includes a high-pressure turbine supplied with superheated steam S1 and a low-pressure turbine supplied with superheated steam S1 flowing out of the high-pressure turbine. Furthermore, the steam used by the hydrothermal treatment apparatus 6 to hydrolyze the remaining portion of waste Ws includes a portion (extraction steam) of the superheated steam S1 flowing out of the high-pressure turbine.

[0045] In several embodiments, the hydrothermal treatment device 6 is also configured to directly receive waste Ws transported to the incineration facility 1. In other words, the hydrothermal treatment device 6 is configured to receive waste Ws transported to the incineration facility 1 without passing through the landfill 2A. With this configuration, waste Ws with high water content, such as sludge, straw, vegetable scraps, seaweed, and fish processing residue, can be prevented from being supplied to the incinerator 4A, thus promoting the combustion of waste Ws.

[0046] In several embodiments, the hydrothermal treatment apparatus 6 can also function as the treatment device 4 (serving as a secondary device) to perform intermediate treatment on a portion of the waste Ws stored in the storage section 2. In this case, intermediate treatment refers to hydrolyzing the waste Ws using the hydrothermal treatment apparatus 6.

[0047] The processing condition setting device 8 acquires process data from the hydrothermal treatment device 6. Based on this data, it estimates indicators for setting the incineration conditions (processing conditions for intermediate treatment of waste Ws in the treatment equipment 4) used to incinerate waste Ws in incinerator 4A, and sets the incineration conditions based on these indicators. This processing condition setting device 8 is a computer such as an electronic control device, equipped with processors (not shown), such as CPUs and GPUs, memories (ROMs and RAMs), and I / O interfaces. The processing condition setting device 8 performs several functions by executing actions (calculations, etc.) according to commands from a program loaded in memory. It should be noted that the processing condition setting device 8 can also be set up on a cloud server in a cloud environment.

[0048] exist Figure 1 In the illustrated embodiment, the processing condition setting device 8 is electrically connected to the hydrothermal treatment unit 6, the waste feeding device 108, the first air flow regulating valve 124a, the second air flow regulating valve 124b, and the third air flow regulating valve 124c, respectively. The processing condition setting device 8 sets the reciprocating speed of the waste feeding device 108 to supply the amount of waste Ws, based on indicators estimated from the process data of the hydrothermal treatment unit 6, to the incinerator 4A. Furthermore, the processing condition setting device 8 sets the opening degree of each of the first air flow regulating valve 124a, the second air flow regulating valve 124b, and the third air flow regulating valve 124c to supply the amount of combustion air, based on indicators estimated from the process data of the hydrothermal treatment unit 6, to the incinerator 4A.

[0049] An example of the estimation of the index performed by the processing condition setting device 8 will be explained. Figure 2 This is a schematic functional block diagram of the processing condition setting device 8 according to the first embodiment. Figure 2As illustrated in the example, the processing condition setting device 8 includes: a waste input amount acquisition unit 81, which acquires the amount of waste Ws input into the hydrothermal treatment device 6 (hereinafter referred to as waste input amount P1); a steam supply amount acquisition unit 82, which acquires the amount of steam supplied to the hydrothermal treatment device 6 for generating modified product X1 from the waste Ws input into the hydrothermal treatment device 6 (hereinafter referred to as steam supply amount P2); a moisture content estimation unit 85, which estimates the moisture content of the waste Ws based on the waste input amount P1 and the steam supply amount P2; and an incineration condition setting unit 86, which sets the incineration conditions based on the moisture content of the waste Ws estimated by the moisture content estimation unit 85.

[0050] Waste input P1 and steam supply P2 are the process data of hydrothermal treatment unit 6. Figure 3 This diagram illustrates an example of the configuration used in the first embodiment for obtaining the waste input amount P1 and the steam supply amount P2, respectively. Figure 3 In the illustrated embodiment, the incineration facility 1 further includes a waste quantity acquisition device 150 for acquiring the waste input quantity P1 (amount of waste) and a steam quantity acquisition device 152 for acquiring the steam supply quantity P2 (amount of steam). The waste quantity acquisition device 150 is, for example, a weighing sensor that acquires the difference between the weight of the hydrothermal treatment unit 6 after the waste Ws is input and the weight of the hydrothermal treatment unit 6 before the waste Ws is input, as the waste input quantity P1. The steam quantity acquisition device 152 acquires, for example, the flow rate Sf of the steam flowing in the piping supplying steam to the hydrothermal treatment unit 6 from a flow meter 153, and acquires from a timer 154 the heating time (hereinafter referred to as the heating time P3) during which the waste Ws input to the hydrothermal treatment unit 6 is heated to a predetermined heating temperature T by the steam. Then, the steam quantity acquisition device 152 acquires the steam supply quantity P2 by multiplying the steam flow rate Sf by the heating time P3.

[0051] The moisture content estimation unit 85 stores a heat balance formula containing the waste input amount P1 (denoted as Min in formula (1)) and the steam supply amount P2 (denoted as Mst_in in formula (1)). The moisture content of the waste Ws is estimated by inputting the waste input amount P1 and the steam supply amount P2 into the heat balance formula. The heat balance formula is represented by formula (1) which heats the input waste and the reaction vessel by the latent heat (and sensible heat) of the input steam.

[0052] Q=Min·(1-Win)·Cp_so·(TH-Tin)+Min·Win·Cp_w·(TH-Tin)+Mr·Cp_r·(TH-Tr0)=Mst_in·Lst...(1)

[0053] Here, Q represents the total heat input into the hydrothermal treatment device 6, Min represents the weight of the input waste Ws, Win represents the moisture content of the input waste Ws, Cp_so represents the solid specific heat of the waste Ws set according to actual performance, TH represents the treatment temperature for hydrolyzing the waste Ws, Tin represents the input temperature of the waste Ws, Cp_w represents the specific heat of water, Mr represents the weight of the hydrothermal treatment device 6, Cp_r represents the specific heat of the hydrothermal treatment device 6, Tr0 represents the initial temperature of the hydrothermal treatment device 6, Mst_in represents the weight of steam, and Lst represents the latent heat of steam (considering the sensible heat up to TH).

[0054] It should be noted that Min, TH, Tin, Mr (reactor weight is only measured initially), and Mst_in are process measurement values, while Cp_so, Cp_w, Cp_r, and Lst are preset physical property values. That is to say, since the only unknown is Win, the moisture content Win of the input waste Ws can be calculated as shown in formula (2).

[0055] Win={Mst_in·Lst-Min·Cp_so·(TH-Tin)-Mr·Cp_r·(TH-Tr0)} / {-Min·(TH-Tin)·(Cp_so-Cp_w)}...(2)

[0056] In practical applications, the moisture content Win of the waste can be calculated by substituting Mst_in = Fst·t, which uses the steam flow rate Fst and the steam input time t, into formula (2), as shown in formula (3). It should be noted that t represents the heating time P3.

[0057] Win={Fst·t·Lst-Min·Cp_so·(TH-Tin)-Mr·Cp_r·(TH-Tr0)} / {-Min·(TH-Tin)·(Cp_so-Cp_w)}...(3)

[0058] When using this method to estimate the moisture content of the measured value of 47.2% (true value), the estimated value was 45.2%, which is very consistent.

[0059] The incineration condition setting unit 86 sets the reciprocating speed of the waste feeding device 108, the opening degree of the first air flow regulating valve 124a, the opening degree of the second air flow regulating valve 124b, and the opening degree of the third air flow regulating valve 124c based on the moisture content of the waste Ws estimated by the moisture content estimation unit 85. For example, the incineration condition setting unit 86 stores a mapping diagram that establishes a corresponding relationship between the reciprocating speed of the waste feeding device 108, the opening degree of the first air flow regulating valve 124a, the opening degree of the second air flow regulating valve 124b, and the opening degree of the third air flow regulating valve 124c and the moisture content of the waste Ws, and sets the reciprocating speed of the waste feeding device 108, the opening degree of the first air flow regulating valve 124a, the opening degree of the second air flow regulating valve 124b, and the opening degree of the third air flow regulating valve 124c based on this mapping diagram.

[0060] (Function / Effect of the First Embodiment)

[0061] Incineration conditions are set based on the properties of waste Ws, such as its lower heating value or moisture content. According to the inventors, the properties of waste Ws can be estimated based on the process data of the hydrothermal treatment apparatus 6.

[0062] According to the first embodiment, the incineration facility 1 includes: a hydrothermal treatment device 6, which uses steam to hydrolyze a portion of the waste Ws stored in the landfill 2A to generate a modified product X1; and a treatment condition setting device 8, which sets the incineration conditions for incinerating the waste Ws in the incinerator 4A based on the process data of the hydrothermal treatment device 6. Therefore, before incinerating the waste Ws in the incinerator 4A, the properties of the waste Ws can be estimated, and the incineration conditions for incinerating the waste Ws in the incinerator 4A can be preset, thus enabling the incinerator 4A to operate under appropriate incineration conditions and stabilizing the operating state of the incinerator 4A.

[0063] When the collection period / region of waste Ws is the same, the physical properties of paper and plastic waste contained in waste Ws (e.g., moisture content of paper, specific heat of plastic, etc.) vary relatively little. However, the proportion of paper and plastic waste contained in waste Ws changes daily. That is, the moisture content of waste Ws changes daily. According to the first embodiment, before incinerating waste Ws in incinerator 4A, the moisture content of waste Ws is estimated, and the incineration conditions of incinerator 4A are set based on the moisture content of the waste. Therefore, the operating state of incinerator 4A can be stabilized.

[0064] Because waste Ws is heterogeneous, it is not easy to set incineration conditions based on waste Ws. However, according to the first embodiment, since the modified material X1 is obtained by reducing the volume of a large amount of waste Ws, the incineration conditions can be set based on a large amount of waste Ws. That is, the accuracy of the incineration conditions can be greatly improved when setting the incineration conditions.

[0065] According to the first embodiment, since the incineration conditions include both the amount of waste Ws supplied to the incinerator 4A and the amount of combustion air, the amount of waste Ws supplied to the incinerator 4A and the amount of combustion air can be preset before the waste Ws is incinerated in the incinerator 4A, and the incinerator 4A can be operated with an appropriate amount of waste Ws and an appropriate amount of combustion air, so that the operating state of the incinerator 4A is stable.

[0066] It should be noted that, in the first embodiment, the incineration conditions include both the amount of waste Ws supplied to the incinerator 4A and the amount of combustion air, but this disclosure is not limited to this method. In several embodiments, the incineration conditions include either the amount of waste Ws supplied to the incinerator 4A or the amount of combustion air. In several embodiments, the incineration conditions include the moving speed of the grate 110. In several embodiments, the incineration conditions include the amount of exhaust gas Eg circulated to the incinerator 4A. In this case, the processing condition setting device 8 sets, for example, the rotational speed of the fan of the circulating blower 142.

[0067] According to the first embodiment, before incinerating waste Ws in incinerator 4A, the processing condition setting device 8 can use a heat balance method to estimate the moisture content of waste Ws, and pre-set the amount of waste Ws supplied to incinerator 4A and the amount of combustion air based on the moisture content of waste Ws.

[0068] It should be noted that in the first embodiment, the processing condition setting device 8 estimates the moisture content of waste Ws, which is one of the indicators, based on a heat balance formula that includes the amount of waste input P1 (amount of waste Ws) and the amount of steam supply P2 (amount of steam). However, this disclosure is not limited to this method.

[0069] <Second Implementation Method>

[0070] The incineration facility 1 according to the second embodiment of this disclosure will be described. The second embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that it also includes a composition determining device 10, but otherwise its configuration is the same as that described in the first embodiment. In the second embodiment, the same reference numerals are used to denote the same constituent elements as in the first embodiment, and their detailed descriptions are omitted.

[0071] Figure 4This is a diagram that schematically illustrates the configuration of the incineration facility 1 according to the second embodiment. (See diagram below.) Figure 4 As shown, the incineration facility 1 also includes a component determination device 10.

[0072] (The composition of the device for determining the composition)

[0073] The composition determining device 10 determines the composition of the modified product X1 generated by the hydrothermal treatment device 6. Figure 4 In the illustrated embodiment, the composition determining device 10 is configured to receive the modified material X1 generated by the hydrothermal treatment device 6 via a connecting pipeline 11 connected to the hydrothermal treatment device 6. The composition determining device 10 is electrically connected to the processing condition setting device 8. The processing condition setting device 8 acquires the composition of the modified material X1 determined by the composition determining device 10 as process data for the hydrothermal treatment device 6. Then, based on the composition of the modified material X1, the processing condition setting device 8 estimates the moisture content of the waste Ws, which is one of the indicators. It should be noted that the composition determining device 10 may also be configured together with the hydrothermal treatment device 6 on a workbench 144 located within the landfill 2A.

[0074] The specific configuration of the composition determining device 10 in the second embodiment will be described. Figure 5 This is a diagram that schematically illustrates the configuration of the component determining device 10 according to the second embodiment. (See diagram below.) Figure 5 As shown, the composition determining device 10 includes a separation device 12 and a weight measuring device 14.

[0075] The separation device 12 separates the modified material X1 into a large-particle-size component X11 and a small-particle-size component X12, which has a smaller particle size than the large-particle-size component X11. The separation device 12 is, for example, a sieve with an arbitrary mesh size, which corresponds to the particle size at the boundary between the large-particle-size component X11 and the small-particle-size component X12. The large-particle-size component X11 is a component with high calorific value and low moisture content, such as plastic waste. The small-particle-size component X12 is a component with low calorific value and high moisture content, such as food, paper, or plant matter. It should be noted that the separation device 12 may also have multiple sieves with different mesh sizes.

[0076] The weight measuring device 14 measures the weight of the large particle size component X11 and the small particle size component X12 respectively. Then, the composition determining device 10 determines the composition of the modified product X1 based on the weights of the large particle size component X11 and the small particle size component X12. For example, if the weight of the large particle size component X11 is set to 70g and the weight of the small particle size component X12 is set to 30g, the composition determining device 10 determines the modified product X1 to have a composition of 70% large particle size component X11 and 30% small particle size component X12. It should be noted that, although not illustrated, in several embodiments, the incineration facility 1 also includes a methane fermentation apparatus for methane fermentation of the small particle size component X12, and the weight measuring device 14 measures the weight of the small particle size component X12 fermented by the methane fermentation apparatus.

[0077] Here, the method for estimating the composition of waste Ws (garbage composition) is explained. Figure 6A This is a diagram illustrating the hydrothermal treatment equilibrium model of the second embodiment. Figure 6B This is a diagram representing the first mapping diagram M1 of the second embodiment. Figure 6C This is a diagram showing a summary of the process measurement values ​​of the second embodiment. Figure 6D This is a diagram showing a list of unknowns in the second embodiment. The first mapping diagram M1 is pre-generated and represents the solid composition, moisture content, specific heat of solids, solid throughput through the sieve, and lower heating value for the food / biological / paper / plastic / other components constituting waste Ws.

[0078] When presuming composition, based on Figure 6A The mass balance and heat balance shown in the example hydrothermal treatment balance model are established by mapping the acquired process measurement values ​​to the first mapping diagram M1, thereby calculating the weight of each component. For these, from the viewpoints of overall mass balance, water balance, heat balance, mass balance on the screen (non-passing material), and mass balance below the screen (passing material), the following 10 balance formulas (formulas (4) to (13)) hold, and the unknowns can be solved. As an example, there is a method that uses known data of similar waste Ws (garbage) composition as initial values ​​to determine the unknowns in a way that minimizes the sum of the squares of the left and right sides of each formula.

[0079] Overall quality balance

[0080] Min + Mst = Mup + Mdown...(4)

[0081] Min=Mf+Mb+Mpa+mpL+Mx...(5)

[0082] Water balance

[0083] Win·Min=Wf·Mf+Wb·Mb+Wpa·Mpa+WpL·mpL+Wx·Mx...(6)

[0084] Min·Win+Mst=Mup·Wup+Mdown·Wdown...(7)

[0085] Mst = Mst_in - Mst_out...(8)

[0086] thermal equilibrium

[0087] Q=Mf·(1-Wf)·Cf·(TH-Tin)+Mf·Wf·Cp_W·(TH-Tin)+Mb·(1-Wb)·Cb·(TH-Tin)+Mb·Wb·Cp_W·(TH-Tin)+Mpa·(1-Wpa)·Cpa·(TH-Tin)+Mpa·Wpa·Cp_W·(TH -Tin)+MpL·(1-WpL)·CpL·(TH-Tin)+MpL·WpL·Cp_W·(TH-Tin)+Mx·(1-Wx)·Cx·(TH-Tin)+Mx·Wx·Cp_W·(TH-Tin)+Mr·Cp_r·(TH-Tr0)=Mst_in·Lst...(9)

[0088] Mass balance on the screen (non-passing material)

[0089] Mup=(Mf·(1-Wf)·(1-Pf)+Mb·(1-Wb)·(1-Pb)+Mpa·(1-Wpa)·(1-Ppa))×A+MpL·(1-WpL)·(1-PpL)+Mx·(1-Wx)·(1-Px)...(10)

[0090] Wup=(Mf·(1-Wf)·(1-Pf)+Mb·(1-Wb)·(1-Pb)+Mpa·(1-Wpa)·(1-Ppa))×(A-1) / Mup...(11)

[0091] Mass balance under the screen (material passing through)

[0092] Mdown=(Mf·(1-Wf)·Pf+Mb·(1-Wb)·Pb+Mpa·(1-Wpa)·Ppa)×A+MpL·(1-WpL)·PpL+Mx·(1-Wx)·Px...(12)

[0093] Wdown=(Mf·(1-Wf)·Pf+Mb·(1-Wb)·Pb+Mpa·(1-Wpa)·Ppa)×(A-1) / Mdown...(13)

[0094] Furthermore, if we assume that the moisture is uniformly distributed among the solids of food, organisms, and paper after hydrothermal treatment, it can also be set as A = 1 + (Min·Win + Mst) / (Mf.(1-Wf) + Mb·(1-Wb) + MPa.(1-Wpa). In addition, the lower heating value of waste Ws (garbage) can also be obtained from the weight, moisture content, and lower heating value of each component of waste Ws (garbage).

[0095] The results of estimating the composition and moisture content of waste Ws using this method are explained. Figure 6E This is a graph showing the estimated composition and moisture content of the waste Ws from the second embodiment. (Example) Figure 6E As shown, the composition was pre-determined (in...) Figure 6E The middle part consists of multiple wastes Ws (in their respective mass proportions) and moisture content, including plastics, food, paper, biomass, and others. Figure 6E #1 to #12) and experimental waste Ws ( Figure 6E (#0 in the original text). Then, for multiple waste materials Ws, the predicted weight on the screen (non-passing material), the predicted weight under the screen (passing material), and the predicted moisture content were calculated using the method described above. Then, the actual measured weight on the screen, the actual measured weight under the screen, and the actual measured moisture content of the waste materials Ws used in the experiment were determined. Figure 6E The figure shows the ratio obtained by dividing the predicted weight on the screen by the measured weight. Figure 6E The ratio obtained by dividing the predicted weight under the screen by the measured weight (r1) is the ratio of r1 to r1. Figure 6E The ratio obtained by dividing the predicted moisture content by the measured value (r2) Figure 6E (r3 in the text). The closer the ratio is to 1, the smaller the error compared to the waste material Ws (#0) used in the test. When observing the various ratios, #12 has the smallest error compared to #0. Moreover, #0 has a moisture content of 47.2%, while #12 has a moisture content of 48.0%. For the composition, for example, the paper of #0 is 57.4%, while the paper of #12 is 58.5%, and the compositions of #0 and #12 are very similar.

[0096] (Effects / Functions of the Second Embodiment)

[0097] According to the second embodiment, before incinerating waste Ws in incinerator 4A, the moisture content of waste Ws can be estimated based on the composition of the modified material X1 determined by the composition determining device 10, and incineration conditions can be preset based on the moisture content of waste Ws.

[0098] It should be noted that the method for estimating the moisture content of waste Ws using the treatment condition setting device 8 has been described as a method using thermal equilibrium and a method using the composition of modified material X1. However, the treatment condition setting device 8 may be configured to apply only one of these methods, or it may be configured to apply multiple methods.

[0099] The composition of waste Ws can be deduced by analogy from the weight of the large-particle-size component X11 and the weight of the small-particle-size component X12 (the composition of the modified material X1). According to the second embodiment, before incinerating waste Ws in incinerator 4A, the composition of waste Ws can be deduced by analogy from the weight of the large-particle-size component X11 and the weight of the small-particle-size component X12 separated by the separation device 12, the moisture content of waste Ws can be estimated based on the composition of waste Ws, and the incineration conditions can be preset based on the moisture content of waste Ws.

[0100] A variation of the second embodiment will be described. Figure 7 This is a diagram that schematically illustrates the configuration of the component determining device 10 in a modified example of the second embodiment. (See diagram below.) Figure 7 As shown, the composition determining device 10 includes a separation device 12 and a camera device 16. In a variation of the second embodiment, the same reference numerals are used to denote the same constituent elements as in the second embodiment, and their detailed descriptions are omitted.

[0101] The camera device 16 is a device capable of acquiring image information corresponding to multiple wavelengths, such as a multispectral camera or a hyperspectral camera. This camera device 16 can capture images not only in the visible light region but also in the near-infrared region. Figure 7 In the illustrated method, the imaging device 16 captures images of both the large-particle-size component X11 and the small-particle-size component X12. Then, the composition determining device 10 determines the composition of the modified product X1 based on the image information. Specifically, the image information capturing the large-particle-size component X11 includes an image of plastic corresponding to a predetermined wavelength region, and the composition determining device 10 estimates the weight of the plastic based on this image information. Similarly, the image information capturing the small-particle-size component X12 includes images of food, paper, and biomass corresponding to a predetermined wavelength region, and the composition determining device 10 estimates the weight of the food, paper, and biomass based on this image information. Then, the composition determining device 10 determines the composition of the modified product X1 based on the weights of the plastic, food, paper, and biomass.

[0102] Here, the estimation of the moisture content of waste Ws based on the composition of modified material X1 by the processing condition setting device 8 will be explained. Figure 8 This is a diagram representing a variation of the second embodiment, specifically a second mapping diagram M2. The second mapping diagram M2 is a mapping diagram representing the solid composition, moisture content, and lower heating value of waste Ws for each component. For example... Figure 8As illustrated in the example, the second mapping diagram M2 includes the solid components 100-a3, moisture a3, and lower heating value b3 for plastics; the solid components 100-a4, moisture a4, and lower heating value b4 for food; the solid components 100-a5, moisture a5, and lower heating value b5 for paper; and the solid components 100-a6, moisture a6, and lower heating value b6 for biomass. The solid components and moisture are shown as ratios. The lower heating value is a predetermined value per unit weight. The second mapping diagram M2 is pre-stored by the processing condition setting device 8.

[0103] The moisture content estimation unit 85 of the processing condition setting device 8 extrapolates the composition of the modified material X1 determined from the image information to the composition of the waste Ws, and establishes a correspondence with the second mapping map M2, thereby estimating the moisture content of the waste Ws. In several embodiments, the processing condition setting device 8 estimates the lower heating value of the waste Ws based on the composition of the modified material X1 determined from the image information. Specifically, the processing condition setting device 8 extrapolates the composition of the modified material X1 determined from the image information to the composition of the waste Ws, and establishes a correspondence with the aforementioned second mapping map M2, thereby estimating the lower heating value of the waste Ws.

[0104] According to a variation of the second embodiment, the composition of large particle size component X11 and small particle size component X12 can be classified with higher precision, and the accuracy of the processing condition setting device 8 in estimating the moisture content of waste Ws can be improved.

[0105] exist Figure 7 In the illustrated embodiment, the composition determining apparatus 10 includes a removal device 17 that removes components corresponding to a predetermined wavelength from the large-particle-size component X11 based on image information captured by the imaging device 16. The removal device 17 removes vinyl chloride from the large-particle-size component X11, for example, by irradiating compressed air toward the large-particle-size component X11 on a screen. In several embodiments, the removal device 17 removes components corresponding to the predetermined wavelength from the small-particle-size component X12. In several embodiments, the removal device 17 removes components corresponding to the predetermined wavelength from both the large-particle-size component X11 and the small-particle-size component X12. It should be noted that the components removed by the removal device 17 are not limited to vinyl chloride.

[0106] According to a variant of the second embodiment, when the imaging device 16 includes a hyperspectral camera, vinyl chloride (PVC) from Cl can be sensed from non-passing material on the screen. Specifically, the near-infrared reflectance spectrum of vinyl chloride is measured by the hyperspectral camera, and the content of vinyl chloride is estimated based on the proportion of vinyl chloride in the image. Taking advantage of the ability to identify only vinyl chloride on the screen (non-passing material), a separator (removal device 17) is installed at the rear of the screen, which can remove vinyl chloride by irradiating compressed air only. The removed vinyl chloride can be reused as vinyl chloride, and other plastics can be made into high-quality RPF or reused. In addition, since the large-particle component X11 from which vinyl chloride has been removed is supplied to the incinerator 4A, corrosion of the flue 126 and the like by vinyl chloride can be suppressed.

[0107] According to a variation of the second embodiment, for an electronic substrate and a cladding line derived from Cu, the content of Cu, Zn, and Pb can be estimated by using AI image processing to determine their respective amounts. Specifically, features of the electronic substrate are extracted using a visual camera or a terahertz camera, and the type, size, and quantity of the electronic substrate are determined based on the proportions in the image. Using the pre-set weight ratio of Cu / Zn / Pb contained therein, the weight of Cu / Zn / Pb in the waste is determined.

[0108] According to a variation of the second embodiment, the contents of S, Na, K, Zn, and Pb can be estimated by performing fluorescence X-ray image analysis on the material passing through the sieve. Since the material passing through the sieve is a homogeneous powder, representative data for non-uniform waste Ws, from which representative data is difficult to obtain, can be acquired. It should be noted that since most salts are water-soluble, the contents of Na and K can also be determined by measuring the separated water from the water-washed powder using an ion meter.

[0109] In a variation of the second embodiment, the camera device 16 captures images of both the large-size component X11 and the small-size component X12, but this disclosure is not limited to this method. In several embodiments, the camera device 16 captures images of either the large-size component X11 or the small-size component X12.

[0110] In several embodiments, the incineration conditions (processing conditions) include the composition and amount of additives added to the waste gas Eg (generated object) produced by the incineration (intermediate processing) of waste Ws. Waste gas Eg sometimes contains components that damage the flow equipment through which it flows. For example, corrosion caused by fly ash adhering components can affect boiler thickness reduction at the incinerator outlet, and this corrosion is exacerbated by components such as Cl, S, Na, K, Cu, Zn, and Pb from waste Ws. To suppress boiler corrosion rates and extend boiler life, corrosion countermeasures need to be taken rapidly based on the amount of these components mixed in with waste Ws. According to several embodiments, since the incineration conditions include the composition and amount of additives added to waste gas Eg, damage to the incinerator outlet, etc., can be suppressed. It should be noted that boiler life can be further extended by removing electronic substrates, coating lines, etc., before incinerating waste Ws. It should be noted that the generated object from the incineration (intermediate processing) of waste Ws is not limited to waste gas Eg and can also be solid matter.

[0111] It should be noted that in the second embodiment, the processing condition setting device 8 obtains the composition of the modified material X1 from the composition determining device 10 as process data, but this disclosure is not limited to this method. In several embodiments, the composition of the modified material X1 can be used as an indicator for setting processing conditions. In this case, the composition of the modified material X1 is estimated (determined) based on the weight of the large particle size component X11 and the small particle size component X12. That is, the composition of the modified material X1, as an indicator, is estimated based on the weight of the large particle size component X11 and the weight of the small particle size component X12, which are process data. Such a composition of the modified material X1 is, for example, the proportion of plastic.

[0112] <Third Implementation Method>

[0113] The incineration facility 1 according to the third embodiment of this disclosure will be described. The third embodiment differs from the second embodiment in that it also includes a supply device 18, but its other configuration is the same as that described in the second embodiment. In the third embodiment, the same reference numerals are used to denote the same components as in the second embodiment, and their detailed descriptions are omitted. The incineration facility 1 of several embodiments is a facility of the first embodiment with the supply device 18 added.

[0114] Figure 9 This is a diagram that schematically illustrates the configuration of the incineration facility 1 according to the third embodiment. (See diagram for example.) Figure 9 As shown, the incineration facility 1 also has a supply device 18.

[0115] (Composition of the supply device)

[0116] The supply device 18 supplies the modified material X1 from the hydrothermal treatment unit 6 to the incinerator 4A. Figure 9 In the illustrated manner, the supply device 18 supplies the modified material X1, whose composition has been determined by the composition determining device 10, to the incinerator 4A. The supply port of the modified material X1 formed in the incinerator 4A is located on the combustion zone 114, and the incinerator 4A is configured to rapidly burn the modified material X1. The supply device 18 may be, for example, a piping that connects the composition determining device 10 to the incinerator 4A for the flow of the modified material X1, or a belt conveyor that moves the modified material X1 discharged from the composition determining device 10 to the incinerator 4A.

[0117] In several embodiments, the supply port of the modified material X1 is located on the drying zone 112, and the incinerator 4A is configured to dry the modified material X1 together with the waste Ws before combustion. In several embodiments, the supply device 18 supplies the large-particle-size component X11 separated from the modified material X1 by the separation device 12 of the composition determining device 10 to the incinerator 4A. In several embodiments, the supply device 18 supplies the small-particle-size component X12 separated from the modified material X1 by the separation device 12 of the composition determining device 10 to the incinerator 4A.

[0118] The specific configuration of the monitoring device 18 in the third embodiment will be described. Figure 10 This is a diagram that schematically illustrates the configuration of the supply device 18 in the third embodiment. (See diagram for details.) Figure 10 As shown, the supply device 18 includes a modified material storage section 20 and an adjustment device 22. The modified material storage section 20 is configured to store the modified material X1, for example, in a tank. The adjustment device 22 is configured to adjust the amount of modified material X1 supplied from the modified material storage section 20 to the incinerator 4A. In several embodiments, the modified material storage section 20 is located within the waste pit 2A and includes space for storing the modified material X1.

[0119] exist Figure 10 In the illustrated embodiment, the supply device 18 includes: an upstream pipeline 23 connecting the composition determining device 10 to the modified material storage unit 20; and a downstream pipeline 24 connecting the modified material storage unit 20 to the incinerator 4A. The modified material X1 flows through the upstream pipeline 23, the modified material storage unit 20, and the downstream pipeline 24 in that order and is supplied to the incinerator 4A.

[0120] Modified material storage unit 20 receives and stores modified material X1 discharged from composition determining device 10 via upstream pipeline 23. Adjustment device 22 includes: control valve 26, provided on downstream pipeline 24; and control device 28, electrically connected to control valve 26 and adjusting the opening degree of control valve 26. Control device 28 is, for example, a computer, equipped with processors such as CPU and GPU (not shown), memory such as ROM and RAM, and I / O interfaces. Control device 28 performs several functions by executing operations (such as calculations) according to commands of a program loaded in memory via the processor. Control device 28 is configured to monitor the operating status of incinerator 4A, such as obtaining the concentration of nitrogen oxides (NOx) contained in exhaust gas Eg, and adjust the opening degree of control valve 26 according to the NOx concentration. In several embodiments, controller 28 is a cloud server set up in a cloud environment.

[0121] An example of the operation of the hydrothermal treatment apparatus 6 and the supply apparatus 18 in the incineration facility 1 of the third embodiment will be described. When the amount of waste Ws stored in the landfill 2A exceeds a predetermined threshold, the hydrothermal treatment apparatus 6 receives the remaining portion of the waste Ws stored in the landfill 2A via a crane 104 and hydrolyzes it with steam to generate modified material X1. Then, the supply apparatus 18 stores the modified material X1 generated by the hydrothermal treatment apparatus 6 in the modified material storage section 20. It should be noted that when the supply apparatus 18 includes the bypass device 30 described later, the bypass-side modified material storage section 32 (bypass-side tank) may replace the modified material storage section 20, or the modified material X1 generated by the hydrothermal treatment apparatus 6 may be stored together with the modified material storage section 20.

[0122] Although not illustrated, the incineration facility 1 is equipped with a monitoring device to monitor whether the amount of waste Ws stored in the landfill 2A exceeds a threshold. The monitoring device, for example, monitors whether the waste Ws stored in the landfill 2A exceeds a predetermined height. The hydrothermal treatment unit 6 is electrically connected to the monitoring device and automatically begins accepting waste Ws (by switching the on / off valve of the hydrothermal treatment unit 6 to open) when the amount of waste Ws stored in the landfill 2A exceeds the predetermined height (threshold). In several embodiments, the hydrothermal treatment unit 6 begins accepting waste Ws according to the instructions of the operator. (Effect / Effect of the Third Embodiment)

[0123] According to the third embodiment, since the supply device 18 supplies the modified material X1 to the incinerator 4A, the incinerator 4A can burn the modified material X1 as fuel. Moreover, according to the third embodiment, since the adjustment device 22 adjusts the amount of modified material X1 supplied to the incinerator 4A according to the operating state of the incinerator 4A, the operating state of the incinerator 4A can be stabilized.

[0124] Due to disasters such as typhoons, excess waste Ws is sometimes transported to the incineration facility 1 during incineration in incinerator 4A. According to the third embodiment, when the amount of waste Ws stored in the landfill 2A exceeds a threshold, the waste Ws is treated by a hydrothermal treatment device 6 in addition to incinerator 4A. As a result, the incineration facility 1 can accept excess waste Ws.

[0125] A variation of the third embodiment will be described. Figure 11 This is a diagram that schematically illustrates the configuration of the supply device 18 in a modified example of the third embodiment. (See diagram below.) Figure 11 As shown, the supply device 18 also includes a bypass device 30 that supplies the modified material X1 to the incinerator 4A by bypassing the modified material storage section 20. In the variation of the third embodiment, the same reference numerals are used to denote the same components as in the third embodiment, and detailed descriptions thereof are omitted.

[0126] The detour device 30 includes: a detour-side modified material storage section 32 capable of storing modified material X1; a detour-side adjustment device 34 capable of adjusting the amount of modified material X1 supplied from the detour-side modified material storage section 32 to the incinerator 4A; and a switching device 36 that switches the storage of modified material X1 to either the modified material storage section 20 or the detour-side modified material storage section 32 based on the moisture content of the modified material X1. It should be noted that the detour-side modified material storage section 32 can have any configuration, such as a tank, as long as it can store modified material X1. In several embodiments, the detour-side modified material storage section 32 is located within the waste pit 2A, including space for storing modified material X1. When the modified material storage section 20 and the detour-side modified material storage section 32 are respectively located within the waste pit 2A, the switching device 36 can also be a crane 104.

[0127] exist Figure 11 In the illustrated embodiment, the bypass device 30 includes: an upstream branch line 38, branching from the upstream line 23 and connected to the bypass-side modified material storage section 32; and a downstream branch line 40, connecting the bypass-side modified material storage section 32 to the incinerator 4A. Modified material X1 flows through the upstream branch line 38, the bypass-side modified material storage section 32, and the downstream branch line 40 in that order and is supplied to the incinerator 4A. In several embodiments, the downstream branch line 40 connects the bypass-side modified material storage section 32 to the downstream line 24. That is, the incinerator 4A is configured such that the supply port for modified material X1 stored in the bypass-side modified material storage section 32 and the supply port for modified material X1 stored in the modified material storage section 20 are shared.

[0128] A switching device 36 is provided at a branch of the upstream branch line 38 where it branches off from the upstream line 23. The switching device 36 is configured to obtain the amount of moisture contained in the modified material X1. For example, the switching device 36 obtains the amount of moisture contained in the modified material X1 from a moisture meter provided on the composition determining device 10 side (upstream side) of the upstream line 23, which is closer to the switching device 36 than the switching device 36. Then, if the obtained moisture content of the modified material X1 is more than a predetermined amount, the switching device 36 switches the storage of the modified material X1 to the modified material storage unit 20; if the obtained moisture content of the modified material X1 is less than a predetermined amount, the switching device 36 switches the storage of the modified material X1 to the bypass-side modified material storage unit 32.

[0129] The detour-side modified material storage section 32 receives and stores the low-moisture modified material X1 discharged from the composition determining device 10 via the upstream branch line 38. The detour-side adjustment device 34 includes: a detour-side control valve 42 located on the downstream branch line 40; and a detour-side control device 44 electrically connected to the detour-side control valve 42 to adjust the opening degree of the detour-side control valve 42. Figure 11 In the illustrated embodiments, the control device 28 is configured to function as a bypass control device 44. In several embodiments, each of the controller 28 and the bypass control device 44 is separate from each other.

[0130] For example, when excess waste Ws is supplied to incinerator 4A, control device 28 opens control valve 26 and closes bypass control valve 42 to suppress the combustion of waste Ws, supplying modified material X1 with high water content stored in modified material storage section 20 to incinerator 4A. On the other hand, when waste Ws with high water content is supplied to incinerator 4A, control valve 26 is closed and bypass control valve 42 is opened to promote the combustion of waste Ws, supplying modified material X1 with low water content stored in bypass modified material storage section 32 to incinerator 4A.

[0131] According to a variation of the third embodiment, since the modified material X1 with different moisture content can be supplied to the incinerator 4A according to the operating state of the incinerator 4A, the operating state of the incinerator 4A can be further stabilized.

[0132] <Fourth Implementation Method>

[0133] The incineration facility 1 according to the fourth embodiment of this disclosure will be described. The fourth embodiment differs from the third embodiment in that it has two incinerators 4A, but otherwise its configuration is the same as that described in the third embodiment. In the fourth embodiment, the same reference numerals are used to denote the same constituent elements as in the third embodiment, and their detailed descriptions are omitted.

[0134] (Composition of incineration facilities)

[0135] Figure 12 This is a diagram that schematically illustrates the configuration of the incineration facility 1 according to the fourth embodiment. (See diagram below.) Figure 12 As shown, the incineration facility 1 includes a first incinerator 4A1 (4A) and a second incinerator 4A2 (4A). The first incinerator 4A1 and the second incinerator 4A2 respectively incinerate a portion of the waste Ws stored in a shared landfill 2A. Figure 12 In the example shown, the first incinerator 4A1 and the second incinerator 4A2 are respectively supplied with modified material X1 stored in a common modified material storage section 20.

[0136] An example of the operation of the hydrothermal treatment apparatus 6 and the supply device 18 in the incineration facility 1 of the fourth embodiment will be described. When either the first incinerator 4A1 or the second incinerator 4A2 stops operating, the hydrothermal treatment apparatus 6 hydrolyzes the remaining portion of the waste Ws stored in the landfill 2A using steam to generate modified material X1. Then, the supply device 18 stores the modified material X1 generated by the hydrothermal treatment apparatus 6 in the modified material storage section 20. Furthermore, after storing the modified material X1, when both the first incinerator 4A1 and the second incinerator 4A2 return to operation, the supply device 18 supplies the modified material X1 stored in the modified material storage section 20 to at least one of the first incinerator 4A1 and the second incinerator 4A2. It should be noted that when the supply device 18 includes the detour device 30, the detour-side modified material storage section 32 may replace the modified material storage section 20, or store the modified material X1 generated by the hydrothermal treatment device 6 together with the modified material storage section 20.

[0137] Although not shown, the incineration facility 1 is equipped with an operation monitoring device to monitor whether the first incinerator 4A1 and the second incinerator 4A2 are operating respectively. The hydrothermal treatment unit 6 is electrically connected to the operation monitoring device and automatically begins receiving waste Ws (by switching the on / off valve of the hydrothermal treatment unit 6 to open) when either the first incinerator 4A1 or the second incinerator 4A2 stops operating. In several embodiments, the hydrothermal treatment unit 6 begins receiving waste Ws according to operator instructions. The supply unit 18 is electrically connected to the operation monitoring device and automatically begins supplying modified material X1 (by switching control valve 26 to open) when both the first incinerator 4A1 and the second incinerator 4A2 return to operation. In several embodiments, the supply unit 18 begins supplying modified material X1 according to operator instructions.

[0138] (Function / Effect of the Fourth Implementation)

[0139] Incineration facility 1 includes a first incinerator 4A1 and a second incinerator 4A2, and is mostly configured to operate both incinerators simultaneously. In this case, when one incinerator stops operating due to maintenance or other reasons, the amount of waste Ws stored in the landfill 2A increases. Therefore, conventionally, it has been necessary to adjust the timing for operating only one incinerator.

[0140] According to the fourth embodiment, when the furnace is in operation, the hydrothermal treatment device 6 uses steam to hydrolyze the remaining portion of the waste Ws stored in the landfill 2A to generate a modified substance X1, and the supply device 18 stores the modified substance X1 in the modified substance storage section 20. That is, during furnace operation, volume reduction can be achieved by generating the modified substance X1 from the waste Ws, thus suppressing the increase in the amount of waste Ws stored in the landfill 2A. Therefore, furnace operation can be performed at any given time. Furthermore, since the modified substance X1 is sterilized, unlike the waste Ws, it does not decompose or is very resistant to decomposition. Therefore, during furnace operation, the generation of malodorous substances can be suppressed by generating the modified substance X1 and storing it in the modified substance storage section 20.

[0141] Incineration facility 1 is sometimes configured to generate steam using the heat energy of waste gas Eg. In this case, the steam generation efficiency based on incineration facility 1 is often higher when two furnaces are operating compared to when only one furnace is operating. According to the fourth embodiment, when operating with low efficiency in a single furnace, the modified material X1 is stored in the modified material storage section 20, and when operating with high efficiency in two furnaces, the modified material X1 stored in the modified material storage section 20 is supplied to incinerator 4A. Therefore, the steam generation efficiency based on incineration facility 1 can be improved.

[0142] It should be noted that in the above embodiments, the case of incinerator 4A as the processing equipment 4 is described as an example, but this disclosure is not limited to this method. The processing equipment 4 can be applied to various waste treatment equipment such as carbonization furnaces, fuel equipment, methane fermentation, composting fermentation, etc. It can determine the properties of raw materials in advance to make the operation appropriate, or store the materials to be processed in advance and supply them in a timely manner to stabilize the operation.

[0143] For example, in the case where treatment equipment 4 is a sludge fuel conversion equipment, steam is released before the treated material is discharged from the hydrothermal treatment unit 6 until it reaches an appropriate moisture content. However, without knowing the moisture content of the input raw materials, it is impossible to set the steam release rate. Currently, the moisture content of the raw materials is measured manually using the evaporation-drying method, but this requires time and labor. Furthermore, the raw materials are often heterogeneous, making it difficult to obtain representative data. If the steam release rate is high, the moisture content decreases, and the viscosity of the treated material increases, thus causing blockage. If the steam release rate is low, the moisture content increases, increasing the load on the subsequent dehydration and drying stage. By applying this technology, the moisture content can be controlled during hydrothermal treatment after the raw materials are input, allowing for an appropriate steam release rate and discharge at a suitable viscosity.

[0144] For example, the contents described in the above-described embodiments are as follows.

[0145] [1] The waste treatment facility (1) disclosed herein has:

[0146] Storage section (2), for storing waste (Ws);

[0147] At least one processing device (4) performs intermediate processing on a portion of the waste stored in the storage section;

[0148] A hydrothermal treatment apparatus (6) uses steam to hydrolyze the remaining portion of the waste stored in the storage section to generate a modified product (X1); and

[0149] The processing condition setting device (8) acquires the process data of the hydrothermal treatment device, estimates the index for setting the intermediate treatment conditions for the waste in the at least one treatment device based on the process data, and sets the processing conditions based on the index.

[0150] The processing conditions are set based on the properties of the waste. According to the inventors' understanding, the properties of the waste can be estimated based on process data from a hydrothermal treatment apparatus that hydrolyzes the waste with steam. Based on the configuration described in (1) above, the waste treatment facility of this disclosure includes: a hydrothermal treatment apparatus that hydrolyzes a portion of the waste stored in a storage section with steam to generate a modified product; and a processing condition setting device that sets the processing conditions for intermediate treatment of the waste in the treatment equipment based on process data from the hydrothermal treatment apparatus. Therefore, the properties of the waste can be estimated before intermediate treatment of the waste in the treatment equipment, and the processing conditions for intermediate treatment of the waste in the treatment equipment can be preset, thus enabling the treatment equipment to operate under appropriate processing conditions and stabilizing the operating state of the treatment equipment.

[0151] [2] In several embodiments, in the configuration described in [1] above,

[0152] The indicators include the moisture content of the waste.

[0153] The process data includes: the amount of waste fed into the hydrothermal treatment unit (P1); and the amount of steam supplied to the hydrothermal treatment unit for generating the modified product from the waste fed into the hydrothermal treatment unit (P2).

[0154] The waste treatment facility also has:

[0155] Waste quantity acquisition device (150), for acquiring the quantity of said waste; and

[0156] Steam quantity acquisition device (152) acquires the quantity of the steam.

[0157] The processing condition setting device estimates the moisture content of the waste based on a heat balance formula that includes the amount of waste and the amount of steam.

[0158] The processing conditions are mostly set based on the moisture content of the waste in the properties of the waste. According to the configuration described above [2], the moisture content of the waste can be estimated before intermediate processing of the waste in the processing equipment, and the processing conditions can be set in advance based on the moisture content of the waste.

[0159] [3] In several embodiments, in the configuration described in [1] or [2] above,

[0160] It also includes a composition determining device (10), which determines the composition of the modified material.

[0161] The indicators include at least one of the moisture content of the waste and the lower heating value of the waste.

[0162] The process data includes the composition of the modified material as determined by the composition determining device.

[0163] The processing condition setting device estimates at least one of the moisture content of the waste and the lower heating value of the waste based on the composition of the modified material.

[0164] Treatment conditions are sometimes set based on at least one of the waste's moisture content and its lower heating value. According to the inventors' understanding, the moisture content and lower heating value of the waste can be estimated based on the composition of the modified material. Based on the configuration described above [3], the treatment conditions can be preset based on the estimated values ​​of at least one of the waste's moisture content and lower heating value, which can be estimated based on the composition of the modified material, before intermediate treatment of the waste in the treatment equipment.

[0165] [4] In several embodiments, in the configuration described in [3] above,

[0166] The composition determining device includes a separation device (12),

[0167] The separation device (12) separates the modified material into a large-particle-size component (X11) and a small-particle-size component (X12) with a particle size smaller than that of the large-particle-size component.

[0168] The composition of the waste can be inferred by analogy from the weight of the large-particle-size component and the weight of the small-particle-size component of the modified material. According to the configuration described above (4), before intermediate treatment of the waste in the treatment equipment, the composition of the waste can be inferred by analogy from the weight of the large-particle-size component and the weight of the small-particle-size component separated by the separation device. Based on the composition of the waste, at least one of the moisture content and the lower heating value of the waste can be estimated, and the treatment conditions can be preset based on the estimated value.

[0169] [5] In several embodiments, in the configuration described in [4] above,

[0170] The composition determining device includes a camera device (16),

[0171] The camera device (16) can capture images of at least one of the large-size component and the small-size component, acquiring image information corresponding to multiple wavelengths.

[0172] From the image information of the camera device, at least one of the large-particle-size component and the small-particle-size component is classified into multiple components.

[0173] The processing condition setting device estimates at least one of the moisture content of the waste and the lower heating value of the waste based on a plurality of compositions of at least one of the large particle size component and the small particle size component.

[0174] Based on the configuration described in (5) above, the composition of large-particle-size components and small-particle-size components can be further classified with high precision, and the estimation accuracy of the moisture content and lower heating value of waste by the treatment condition setting device can be improved.

[0175] [6] In several embodiments, in the configuration described in [5] above,

[0176] The composition determining device includes a removal device (17).

[0177] The removal device (17) removes components corresponding to a specified wavelength from at least one of the large-particle-size components and the small-particle-size components based on the image information.

[0178] According to the configuration described above [6], the effects on waste treatment equipment caused by the presence of components corresponding to a specified wavelength in large-size or small-size components can be suppressed (e.g., vinyl chloride exacerbates boiler corrosion). In addition, components removed from large-size or small-size components can be reused.

[0179] [7] In several embodiments, in any one of the configurations described in [3] to [6] above,

[0180] The processing condition setting device sets the processing conditions based on at least one of the moisture content of the waste and the lower heating value of the waste.

[0181] The processing conditions include the composition and amount of additives added to the generated objects produced through the intermediate processing of the waste.

[0182] Parts of the apparatus constituting a waste treatment facility may be damaged by the generated object. For example, in the case where the generated object is a reactive gas, it may sometimes contain components that damage the flow equipment (e.g., boiler flues) through which the reactive gas flows. According to the configuration described above [7], since the treatment conditions include the composition and amount of additives added to the generated object, damage to the apparatus constituting the waste treatment facility can be suppressed.

[0183] [8] In several embodiments, in the configuration described in [1] or [2] above,

[0184] It also includes a composition determining device, which determines the composition of the modified material.

[0185] The indicators include the composition of the modified material.

[0186] Based on the configuration described above [8], the processing conditions can be set based on the composition of the modified material.

[0187] [9] In several embodiments, in the configuration described in any one of [1] to [8] above,

[0188] It also includes a supply device (18) that supplies the modified material from the hydrothermal treatment apparatus to the at least one treatment device.

[0189] Based on the structure described above [8], the modified material can be subjected to intermediate processing.

[0190]

[10] In several embodiments, in the configuration described in [9] above,

[0191] The supply device includes:

[0192] Modified material storage section (20) capable of storing the modified material; and

[0193] The adjusting device (22) can adjust the amount of the modified material supplied from the modified material storage unit to the at least one processing device.

[0194] According to the configuration described above (10), since the amount of modified material supplied to the processing equipment can be adjusted according to the operating state of the processing equipment, the operating state of the processing equipment can be stabilized.

[0195]

[11] In several embodiments, in the configuration described in

[10] above,

[0196] The supply device also includes a detour device (30).

[0197] The bypass device (30) supplies the modified material to the processing equipment, bypassing the modified material storage section.

[0198] The detour device includes:

[0199] The detour-side modified material storage section (32) is capable of storing the modified material;

[0200] The detour-side adjustment device (34) is capable of adjusting the amount of the modified material supplied from the detour-side modified material storage section to the processing equipment; and

[0201] The switching device (36) switches the storage of the modified material to either the modified material storage section or the detour-side modified material storage section, based on the moisture content of the modified material.

[0202] According to the above

[11] configuration, modified materials with different water contents can be supplied to the processing equipment according to the operating state of the processing equipment, thus further stabilizing the operating state of the processing equipment.

[0203]

[12] In several embodiments, in the configurations described in

[10] or

[11] above,

[0204] The hydrothermal treatment device is configured as follows:

[0205] If the amount of waste stored in the storage unit exceeds a predetermined threshold, the remaining portion of the waste stored in the storage unit is hydrolyzed with the steam to generate the modified product.

[0206] The supply device is configured as follows:

[0207] If the amount of waste stored in the storage unit exceeds a predetermined threshold, the modified material is stored in the modified material storage unit.

[0208] Sometimes excess waste is transported to the treatment equipment. For example, in the case of an incinerator in an incineration facility, excess waste may be transported to the incinerator during incineration due to disasters such as typhoons. According to the configuration described above

[12] , when the amount of waste stored in the storage section exceeds a threshold, the hydrothermal treatment device hydrolyzes the remaining portion of the waste to generate a modified product, and the supply device stores the modified product in the modified product storage section. That is, in addition to the treatment equipment, the waste is also treated by the hydrothermal treatment device. Thus, the incineration equipment can accept excess waste.

[0209]

[13] In several embodiments, in the configuration described in any one of [1] to

[12] above,

[0210] The at least one processing device includes at least one incinerator (4A) that incinerates a portion of the waste stored in the storage section.

[0211] Based on the configuration described in (13) above, the configurations of (1) to (10) above can be applied to an incinerator. That is, since the properties of the waste can be estimated before the waste is intermediately treated (incinerated) in the incinerator, and the treatment conditions (incineration conditions) for incinerating the waste in the incinerator can be preset, the incinerator can be operated under appropriate incineration conditions, and the operating state of the incinerator can be stabilized.

[0212]

[14] In several embodiments, in the configuration described in

[13] above,

[0213] The processing conditions include at least one of the amount of waste supplied to the at least one incinerator and the amount of combustion air supplied to the at least one incinerator.

[0214] According to the configuration described above

[14] , before burning waste in the incinerator, at least one of the amount of waste supplied to the incinerator and the amount of combustion air can be preset, and the incinerator can be operated with an appropriate amount of waste and an appropriate amount of combustion air, so as to stabilize the operating state of the incinerator.

[0215]

[15] In several embodiments, in the configurations described in

[13] or

[14] above,

[0216] The device includes a supply apparatus for supplying the modified material from the hydrothermal treatment apparatus to the at least one incinerator, comprising: a modified material storage section for storing the modified material; and an adjustment device for adjusting the amount of the modified material supplied from the modified material storage section to the at least one incinerator.

[0217] The at least one incinerator includes a first incinerator (4A1) and a second incinerator (4A2).

[0218] The hydrothermal treatment device is configured as follows:

[0219] If either the first incinerator or the second incinerator ceases operation, the remaining portion of the waste stored in the storage section is hydrolyzed using the steam to generate the modified product.

[0220] The supply device is configured as follows:

[0221] In the event that either the first incinerator or the second incinerator ceases operation, the modified material is stored in the modified material storage unit.

[0222] In the case of incinerators, the processing equipment is usually configured to have a first incinerator and a second incinerator, and both incinerators can be operated. In this case, when one incinerator is shut down due to maintenance or other reasons, the amount of waste stored in the storage section increases. Therefore, in the past, it was necessary to adjust the timing of the operation of one incinerator. According to the configuration described above

[15] , when one incinerator is operated, the hydrothermal treatment device uses steam to hydrolyze the remaining waste stored in the storage section to generate a modified product, and the supply device stores the modified product in the storage tank. That is to say, when one incinerator is operated, the increase in the amount of waste stored in the storage section can be suppressed. Therefore, one incinerator can be operated at any time.

[0223]

[16] In several embodiments, in the configuration described in

[15] above,

[0224] The supply device is configured as follows:

[0225] When both the first incinerator and the second incinerator have returned to operation, the modified material stored in the modified material storage section is supplied to at least one of the first incinerator and the second incinerator.

[0226] In waste treatment facilities equipped with incinerators, steam is sometimes generated using the heat energy of waste gas produced from the incineration of waste and modified materials. In this case, the steam generation efficiency of the waste treatment facility is often higher when two incinerators are in operation compared to the case of operating a single incinerator. According to the configuration described above

[15] , when operating a single incinerator with low efficiency, the modified materials are stored in a modified material storage section, and when operating two incinerators with high efficiency, the modified materials stored in the modified material storage section are supplied to at least one of the first and second incinerators. Therefore, the steam generation efficiency of the waste treatment facility can be improved.

[0227]

[17] In several embodiments, in the configuration described in any one of [1] to

[12] above,

[0228] The at least one processing device is: a carbonization furnace for carbonizing a portion of the waste stored in the storage section; a fueling device for fueling a portion of the waste stored in the storage section; a methane fermentation device for methane fermentation of a portion of the waste stored in the storage section; or a composting fermentation device for composting a portion of the waste stored in the storage section.

[0229] Based on the configuration described above

[17] , the configurations described above [1] to

[10] can be applied to carbonization furnaces, fuel production equipment, methane fermentation equipment, and composting fermentation equipment, respectively. That is, before intermediate treatment (carbonization, fuel production, methane fermentation, or composting fermentation) of waste in each of these processing equipment, the properties of the waste can be estimated, and the processing conditions for intermediate treatment of waste in each of these processing equipment can be preset, so that each of these processing equipment can be operated under appropriate processing conditions, and the operating state of each of these processing equipment can be stabilized.

[0230] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures

[0231] 1: Waste disposal facilities;

[0232] 2: Storage section;

[0233] 4: Processing equipment;

[0234] 4A: Incinerator;

[0235] 4A1: First incinerator;

[0236] 4A2: Second incinerator;

[0237] 6: Hydrothermal treatment equipment;

[0238] 8: Processing condition setting device;

[0239] 10: Composition determination device;

[0240] 12: Separation device;

[0241] 16: Camera device;

[0242] 17: Removal device;

[0243] 18: Supply device;

[0244] 20: Modified product storage section;

[0245] 22: Adjustment device;

[0246] 30: Detour device;

[0247] 32: Storage section for modified materials on the detour side;

[0248] 34: Detour-side adjustment device;

[0249] 36: Switching device;

[0250] P1: Waste input amount;

[0251] P2: Steam supply;

[0252] P3: Heating time;

[0253] T: Heating temperature;

[0254] Ws: Waste;

[0255] X1: Modified product;

[0256] X11: Large particle size component;

[0257] X12: Small particle size component.

Claims

1. A waste treatment facility, comprising: Storage department, for storing waste; At least one processing device performs intermediate processing on a portion of the waste stored in the storage section; A hydrothermal treatment apparatus that uses steam to hydrolyze the remaining portion of the waste stored in the storage section to generate a modified product; A treatment condition setting device acquires process data of the hydrothermal treatment device, estimates an index for setting intermediate treatment conditions for the waste in the at least one treatment device based on the process data, and sets the treatment conditions based on the index. as well as A composition determining device that determines the composition of the modified material. The indicators include at least one of the moisture content of the waste and the lower heating value of the waste. The process data includes the composition of the modified material as determined by the composition determining device. The processing condition setting device estimates at least one of the moisture content of the waste and the lower heating value of the waste based on the composition of the modified material.

2. The waste treatment facility according to claim 1, wherein, The indicators include the moisture content of the waste. The process data includes: the amount of waste fed into the hydrothermal treatment unit; and the amount of steam supplied to the hydrothermal treatment unit for generating the modified product from the waste fed into the hydrothermal treatment unit. The waste treatment facility also has: Waste quantity acquisition device, for acquiring the quantity of said waste; and A steam quantity acquisition device acquires the quantity of the steam. The processing condition setting device estimates the moisture content of the waste based on a heat balance formula that includes the amount of waste and the amount of steam.

3. The waste treatment facility according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, The composition determining device includes a separation device. The separation device separates the modified material into large-particle-size components and small-particle-size components with a particle size smaller than the large-particle-size components.

4. The waste treatment facility according to claim 3, wherein, The composition determining device includes a camera device. The camera device can capture images of at least one of the large-size and small-size components, acquiring image information corresponding to multiple wavelengths. From the image information of the camera device, at least one of the large-particle-size component and the small-particle-size component is classified into multiple components. The processing condition setting device estimates at least one of the moisture content of the waste and the lower heating value of the waste based on a plurality of compositions of at least one of the large particle size component and the small particle size component.

5. The waste treatment facility according to claim 4, wherein, The composition determining device includes a removal device. The removal device removes components corresponding to a specified wavelength from at least one of the large-particle-size components and the small-particle-size components based on the image information.

6. The waste treatment facility according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, The processing condition setting device sets the processing conditions based on at least one of the moisture content of the waste and the lower heating value of the waste. The processing conditions include the composition and amount of additives added to the generated objects produced through the intermediate processing of the waste.

7. The waste treatment facility according to claim 1 or 2, It also includes a supply device that supplies the modified material from the hydrothermal treatment apparatus to the at least one treatment device.

8. The waste treatment facility according to claim 7, wherein, The supply device includes: A modified substance storage section, capable of storing the modified substance; and The adjusting device is capable of adjusting the amount of the modified material supplied from the modified material storage section to the at least one processing device.

9. The waste treatment facility according to claim 8, wherein, The supply device also includes a detour device. The bypass device bypasses the modified material storage section to supply the modified material to the processing equipment. The detour device includes: The detour-side modified material storage section is capable of storing the modified material; A detour-side adjustment device is capable of adjusting the amount of the modified material supplied from the detour-side modified material storage section to the processing equipment; and The switching device switches the storage of the modified material to either the modified material storage section or the detour-side modified material storage section, based on the moisture content of the modified material.

10. The waste treatment facility according to claim 8, wherein, The hydrothermal treatment device is configured as follows: If the amount of waste stored in the storage unit exceeds a predetermined threshold, the remaining portion of the waste stored in the storage unit is hydrolyzed with the steam to generate the modified product. The supply device is configured as follows: If the amount of waste stored in the storage unit exceeds a predetermined threshold, the modified material is stored in the modified material storage unit.

11. The waste treatment facility according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, The at least one processing device includes at least one incinerator, which incinerates a portion of the waste stored in the storage section.

12. The waste treatment facility according to claim 11, wherein, The processing conditions include at least one of the amount of waste supplied to the at least one incinerator and the amount of combustion air supplied to the at least one incinerator.

13. The waste treatment facility according to claim 11, A supply device is provided for supplying the modified material from the hydrothermal treatment unit to the at least one incinerator, comprising: A modified substance storage section is provided for storing the modified substance. And an adjusting device capable of adjusting the amount of the modified material supplied from the modified material storage section to the at least one incinerator. The at least one incinerator includes a first incinerator and a second incinerator. The hydrothermal treatment device is configured as follows: If either the first incinerator or the second incinerator ceases operation, the remaining portion of the waste stored in the storage section is hydrolyzed using the steam to generate the modified product. The supply device is configured as follows: In the event that either the first incinerator or the second incinerator ceases operation, the modified material is stored in the modified material storage unit.

14. The waste treatment facility according to claim 13, wherein, The supply device is configured as follows: When both the first incinerator and the second incinerator have returned to operation, the modified material stored in the modified material storage section is supplied to at least one of the first incinerator and the second incinerator.

15. The waste treatment facility according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, The at least one processing device is: a carbonization furnace for carbonizing a portion of the waste stored in the storage section; a fueling device for fueling a portion of the waste stored in the storage section; a methane fermentation device for methane fermentation of a portion of the waste stored in the storage section; or a composting fermentation device for composting a portion of the waste stored in the storage section.

Images