An open intersecting shaft high-speed gear transmission tooth surface flash temperature measurement test bench

Abstract

The present invention discloses an open intersecting axis high-speed gear transmission tooth surface flash temperature measurement test bench, which belongs to the field of gear transmission technology and is composed of a drive system, a driven wheel posture adjustment system, a leveling system, a main control cabinet, a test bench car system and a data acquisition system. A method for measuring the tooth surface flash temperature of an intersecting axis high-speed gear transmission is proposed, including a gear design method that meets the Seebeck temperature measurement requirements, a measurement and calibration method of the Seebeck coefficient of the gear material to be measured, and a temperature measurement method for designing the Seebeck thermoelectric effect in the intersecting axis gear pair. The test bench adopts an open design and can measure intersecting axis gear transmissions of different sizes, tooth shapes, tooth profiles and tooth types, and can measure the tooth surface flash temperature of intersecting axis gear pairs within different speed ranges and at a certain axis intersection angle in real time. The test bench has the characteristics of diversified measurement objects, adjustable measurement speed, and expandable measurement items, and can meet the gear transmission research with different needs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of gear transmission, and specifically relates to an open intersecting axis high-speed gear transmission tooth surface flash temperature measurement test bench, which is used for real-time measurement of tooth surface flash temperature of intersecting axis gear pairs, and measures the potential difference of Seebeck effect under different loads, rotation speeds and lubrication conditions, thereby obtaining the real-time tooth surface flash temperature of the intersecting axis gear pair. Technical Background

[0002] Gear transmission is one of the most widely used power and motion transmission devices in the mechanical field. Intersecting axis gear transmission has the advantages of high transmission efficiency, high precision, strong load capacity and adjustable transmission ratio, so it is widely used in high-speed and heavy-load equipment that needs to transmit large torque. However, high speed will cause the tooth surface temperature to rise, and the change of tooth surface temperature will affect the performance, durability and service life of the intersecting axis gear pair. Due to the special meshing properties of the intersecting axis gear pair, the measurement of its tooth surface temperature has always been a difficult problem in this field. At present, the existing tooth surface contact temperature measurement methods are mainly divided into contact measurement and non-contact measurement, including pasting artificial thermocouples or micro temperature sensors and using infrared temperature measurement equipment, but these methods often affect the normal transmission of the gear pair and there will be large measurement errors. In order to solve the above problems, the invention patent CN113739947A proposes a gear tooth surface contact temperature direct measurement test bench based on the Seebeck effect. The test bench can basically realize the real-time measurement of the tooth surface contact temperature of the spur gear pair. However, this method has the problem of a single measurement object, and the method of connecting the Seebeck thermoelectric circuit is limited to a fixed gear overlap. In addition, this method does not fully consider the impact of other temperatures on the Seebeck temperature measurement results. Therefore, based on the research of invention patent CN113739947A, an open intersecting axis high-speed gear transmission tooth surface flash temperature measurement test bench is proposed. This test bench can measure the tooth surface contact temperature of the intersecting axis gear pair with a certain axis intersection angle in real time. It can be used for real-time measurement of tooth surface contact temperature under different lubrication conditions at high speed. Through this test bench, the meshing condition and temperature characteristics of the intersecting axis gear pair can be better understood, thereby improving the performance and life of the intersecting axis gear transmission. Summary of the invention

[0003] A first aspect of the present invention relates to an open intersecting shaft high-speed gear transmission tooth surface flash temperature measurement test bench, which includes a drive system, a driven wheel posture adjustment system, a leveling system, a main control cabinet, a test bench car system and a data acquisition system.

[0004] According to the first aspect of the present invention, the drive system is composed of an electric spindle 1, a tool handle 2, a gear shaft 3, a driving shaft through-hole slip ring assembly 4, a metal wire tube 5 and an electric spindle support seat 6. The electric spindle 1 is fixedly connected to the electric spindle support seat 6 by bolts; the tool handle 2 is used to connect the electric spindle 1 and the gear shaft 3 to ensure that the electric spindle can drive the driving wheel to rotate; one end of the metal wire tube 5 is connected to the gear shaft 3 by bolts, and the other end is fixed to the side wall of the test bench car sealing plate 27; the inner ring rotor of the driving shaft through-hole slip ring rotates with the metal wire tube 5, and the outer ring stator is fixed to the side wall of the test bench car sealing plate 27 by bolts to ensure that the line will not be entangled during the meshing process of the gear; the electric spindle support seat 6 is fixedly connected to the main control cabinet box 22 by bolts.

[0005] According to the first aspect of the present invention, the driven wheel posture adjustment system is composed of a rotating platform 7, a rotating platform drive motor 8, an adapter plate 9, a ball screw module 10, a transverse slide 11, a longitudinal slide 12, a driven shaft 13, a driven shaft through-hole slip ring 14, a coupling 15, a load motor 16, a motor support seat 17 and a three-jaw chuck 18. The rotating platform 7 is fixedly connected to the test bench base 19 by bolts and driven by the rotating platform drive motor 8; the adapter plate 9 is fixedly connected to the rotating platform 7 by bolts and is used to carry other equipment; the ball screw module includes a screw 10-1, a BK bearing seat 10-2, a BF bearing seat 10-3, a ball bearing 10-4, a slider 10-5, a linear guide 10-6, a screw coupling 10-7 and a servo motor 10-8. The slider 10-5 is fixedly connected to the lower sides of the transverse slide 11 and the longitudinal slide 12 by bolts respectively; the BK bearing seat 10-2, the BF bearing seat 10-3, and the linear guide 10-6 are respectively installed on the adapter plate 9 and the transverse slide 11 by bolts; the load motor 16 is fixedly connected to the motor support seat 17 by bolts; the motor support seat 17 is fixedly connected to the longitudinal slide 12 by bolts; the coupling 15 is used to connect the driven shaft 13 with the load motor 16; the inner ring rotor of the driven shaft through-hole slip ring 14 is connected to the driven shaft 13, and the outer ring stator is fixedly connected to the longitudinal slide 12 to ensure that the line will not be entangled, and the three-jaw chuck 18 is connected to the driven shaft 13 to realize the rapid switching of the driven wheel.

[0006] According to the first aspect of the present invention, the leveling system comprises a test bench base 19, a test bench support frame 20 and a test bench support foot 21. The test bench base 19 is fixedly connected to the test bench support frame 20 by bolts for installing other devices; the test bench support foot 21 is fixedly connected to the test bench support frame 20 by bolts for leveling the test bench.

[0007] According to the first aspect of the present invention, the main control cabinet comprises a main control cabinet body 22, a sliding door 23, an operation window 24, a housing vent 25, and a main control cabinet door 26. The main control cabinet body 22 is fixedly connected to the test bench base 19 by bolts, and a data acquisition system and electrical equipment are installed inside the main control cabinet body; the operation window 24 and the main control cabinet door 26 are connected to the main control cabinet body 22 by hinges for operation and maintenance of the equipment.

[0008] According to the first aspect of the present invention, the test bench car system includes a test bench car sealing plate 27, an oil retaining device 28, a bearing 29, an oil collecting tank 30, an oil tank 31, a driving wheel 32 and a driven wheel 33. The test bench car sealing plate 27 is fixedly connected to the main control cabinet box 22 by bolts; the oil retaining device 28 is composed of an axial tension accordion cover 28-1, a radial tension accordion cover 28-2, a slide rail 28-3 and a pulley 28-4, and the oil retaining device 28 is fixedly connected to the longitudinal slide 12 and the test bench car sealing plate 27 by bolts to ensure that the oil will not splash out of the car after the driven shaft is adjusted in position; the oil collecting tank 30 is fixedly connected to the test bench base 19 by bolts, and the oil tank 31 is placed below the oil collecting tank 30 for collecting lubricating oil.

[0009] According to the first aspect of the present invention, the data acquisition system comprises a driving wheel 32, a driven wheel 33, an insulating layer 34, a wire 35, an electric signal output wire 36, a millivoltmeter 37, a temperature sensor 38, a three-way displacement sensor 39 and an absolute value encoder 40. The driving wheel 32 is subjected to a gear coating treatment to ensure that it can form a Seebeck thermoelectric circuit with the driven wheel 33; the insulating layer 34 ensures that the gear and the gear shaft are insulated and heat-insulated; the wire 35 and the electric signal output wire 36 ensure that the detected signal can be transmitted to the control end; the millivoltmeter 37 is used to detect the potential difference generated by the Seebeck effect; the temperature sensor 38 is evenly distributed in three pairs along the circumference of the driving wheel 32 and the driven wheel 33, respectively, for measuring the body temperature at different positions of the gear and comparing the difference; the three-way displacement sensor 39 is installed on the gear shaft to measure the vibration displacement of the gear shaft; the absolute value encoder 40 is installed on the driven shaft 13 to identify the gear tooth positioning of the driven wheel 33.

[0010] The second aspect of the present invention relates to a method for measuring the flash temperature of the tooth surface of an intersecting axis high-speed gear transmission, the method comprising: a gear design method that meets the Seebeck temperature measurement requirements, a method for measuring and calibrating the Seebeck coefficient of the gear material being measured, and a method for designing a temperature measurement method of the Seebeck thermoelectric effect in an intersecting axis gear pair.

[0011] According to the second aspect of the present invention, the gear design method that meets the Seebeck temperature measurement requirements specifically includes the Seebeck thermoelectric effect temperature measurement principle and the gear design method. The Seebeck thermoelectric effect temperature measurement principle refers to that when there is a temperature difference at the contact point of two different metal materials, an electromotive force will be generated, and this electromotive force will increase with the increase of the temperature difference and is proportional to the temperature difference. The size of the temperature difference can be determined by measuring the generated electromotive force, and then the temperature of the contact area can be calculated.

[0012] According to the second aspect of the present invention, the method for measuring and calibrating the Seebeck coefficient of the gear material to be measured specifically includes using an LSR metal Seebeck coefficient measuring instrument to measure the Seebeck coefficient of the metal rod to be measured. In order to reduce errors, multiple samplings are performed to obtain the average results, and the potential difference results at different temperatures are obtained. The obtained results are calibrated according to a temperature-potential difference curve graph, and the slope of the curve is the Seebeck coefficient of the metal.

[0013] According to the second aspect of the present invention, the temperature measurement method designed by Seebeck thermoelectric effect in the intersecting shaft gear pair specifically includes an insulating layer 34 to ensure insulation between the gear and the gear shaft, one end of the wire 35 of the driving wheel is connected to the end face of the gear tooth and close to the contact area, and the other end is connected to the electric signal output wire 36 through the metal wire tube 5 through a slip ring, one end of the wire 35 of the driven wheel is connected to the end face of the gear tooth and close to the contact area, and the other end is connected to the electric signal output wire 36 through the driven shaft 13 through a slip ring, and the electric signal output wire 36 is connected to a millivoltmeter 37 to ensure stable transmission of the Seebeck current signal. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 It is a forward schematic diagram of the overall structure of an open intersecting-axis high-speed gear transmission tooth surface flash temperature measurement test bench in the present invention;

[0015] Figure 2 It is a backward schematic diagram of the overall structure of an open intersecting-axis high-speed gear transmission tooth surface flash temperature measurement test bench in the present invention;

[0016] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the drive system in the present invention;

[0017] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the driven wheel posture adjustment system in the present invention;

[0018] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the car system of the test bench in the present invention;

[0019] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the ball screw module 10 in the present invention;

[0020] Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of the data acquisition system in the present invention;

[0021] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the gear coating in the present invention;

[0022] In the figure: 1. electric spindle, 2. tool handle, 3. gear shaft, 4. driving shaft through-hole slip ring assembly, 5. metal wire tube, 6. electric spindle support seat, 7. rotating platform, 8. rotating platform drive motor, 9. adapter plate, 10. ball screw module, 11. horizontal slide, 12. longitudinal slide, 13. driven shaft, 14. driven shaft through-hole slip ring, 15. coupling, 16. load motor, 17. motor support seat, 18. three-jaw chuck, 19. test bench base, 20. test bench support frame, 21. Test bench supporting feet, 22. Main control cabinet body, 23. Sliding door, 24. Operating window, 25. Box vent, 26. Main control cabinet door, 27. Test bench car sealing plate, 28. Oil retaining device, 29. Bearing, 30. Oil collecting trough, 31. Oil tank, 32. Driving wheel, 33. Driven wheel, 34. Insulating layer, 35. Wire, 36. Electrical signal output wire, 37. Millivoltmeter, 38. Temperature sensor, 39. Three-way displacement sensor, 40. Absolute encoder. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the relevant inventions, rather than to limit the inventions. It should also be noted that, for ease of description, only the parts related to the relevant inventions are shown in the accompanying drawings. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific implementation modes.

[0025] like Figure 1-6As shown, the present invention proposes an open intersecting axis high-speed gear transmission tooth surface flash temperature measurement test bench, which includes a drive system, a driven wheel posture adjustment system, a leveling system, a main control cabinet, a test bench car system and a data acquisition system. The drive system is composed of an electric spindle 1, a tool handle 2, a gear shaft 3, a driving shaft through-hole slip ring assembly 4, a metal wire tube 5 and an electric spindle support seat 6. The electric spindle 1 is fixedly connected to the electric spindle support seat 6 by bolts; the tool handle 2 is used to connect the electric spindle 1 and the gear shaft 3 to ensure that the electric spindle can drive the driving wheel to rotate; one end of the metal wire tube 5 is connected to the gear shaft 3 by bolts, and the other end is fixed to the side wall of the test bench car sealing plate 27; the inner ring rotor of the driving shaft through-hole slip ring rotates with the metal wire tube 5, and the outer ring stator is fixed to the side wall of the test bench car sealing plate 27 by bolts to ensure that the line will not be entangled during the meshing process of the gear; the electric spindle support seat 6 is fixedly connected to the main control cabinet box 22 by bolts. The power is provided by the variable frequency motor in the electric spindle 1, and is transmitted to the gear shaft 3 through the electric spindle 1 and the tool handle 2. The gear shaft 3 drives the driving wheel and the metal wire tube 5 to move, and the metal wire tube 5 drives the inner ring rotor of the driving shaft through-hole slip ring, thereby realizing the driving of the driving wheel.

[0026] The driven wheel posture adjustment system is composed of a rotating platform 7, a rotating platform drive motor 8, an adapter plate 9, a ball screw module 10, a transverse slide 11, a longitudinal slide 12, a driven shaft 13, a driven shaft through-hole slip ring 14, a coupling 15, a load motor 16, a motor support seat 17 and a three-jaw chuck 18. The rotating platform 7 is fixedly connected to the test bench base 19 by bolts and driven by the rotating platform drive motor 8; the adapter plate 9 is fixedly connected to the rotating platform 7 by bolts and is used to carry other equipment; the ball screw module includes a screw 18-1, a BK bearing seat 18-2, a BF bearing seat 18-3, a ball bearing 18-4, a slider 18-5, a linear guide 18-6, a screw coupling 18-7 and a servo motor 18-8. The slider 18-5 is fixedly connected to the lower sides of the transverse slide 11 and the longitudinal slide 12 by bolts respectively; the BK bearing seat 18-2, the BF bearing seat 18-3, and the linear guide 18-6 are respectively installed on the adapter plate 9 and the transverse slide 11 by bolts; the load motor 16 is fixedly connected to the motor support seat 17 by bolts; the motor support seat 17 is fixedly connected to the longitudinal slide 12 by bolts; the coupling 15 is used to connect the driven shaft 13 with the load motor 16; the inner ring rotor of the driven shaft through-hole slip ring 14 is connected to the driven shaft 13, and the outer ring stator is fixedly connected to the longitudinal slide 12 to ensure that the line will not be entangled, and the three-jaw chuck 18 is connected to the driven shaft 13 to realize the rapid switching of the driven wheel. The adjustment of the intersecting angle of the gear pair of intersecting axes to 80°~120° is achieved by rotating the rotating platform 7. The transverse slide 11 and the longitudinal slide 12 can ensure the engagement of the gear pair. The longitudinal slide adjusts the axial position of the driven wheel according to the change of the outer diameter of the driving wheel, and the transverse slide adjusts the radial position of the driven wheel according to the change of the outer diameter of the driven wheel.

[0027] The leveling system includes a test bench base 19, a test bench support frame 20 and a test bench support foot 21. The test bench base 19 is fixedly connected to the test bench support frame 20 by bolts for installing other devices; the test bench support foot 21 is fixedly connected to the test bench support frame 20 by bolts for leveling the test bench.

[0028] The main control cabinet includes a main control cabinet body 22, a sliding door 23, an operation window 24, a box vent 25, and a main control cabinet door 26. The main control cabinet body 22 is fixedly connected to the test bench base 19 by bolts, and a data acquisition system and electrical equipment are installed inside the main control cabinet body; the operation window 24 and the main control cabinet door 26 are connected to the main control cabinet body 22 by hinges for operation and maintenance of the equipment.

[0029] The test bench car system includes a test bench car sealing plate 27, an oil retaining device 28, a bearing 29, an oil collecting tank 30, an oil tank 31, a driving wheel 32 and a driven wheel 33. The test bench car sealing plate 27 is fixedly connected to the main control cabinet box 22 by bolts; the oil retaining device 28 is composed of an axial tension accordion cover 28-1, a radial tension accordion cover 28-2, a slide rail 28-3 and a pulley 28-4, and the oil retaining device 28 is fixedly connected to the longitudinal slide 12 and the test bench car sealing plate 27 by bolts to ensure that the oil will not splash out of the car after the driven shaft is adjusted in position; the oil collecting tank 30 is fixedly connected to the test bench base 19 by bolts, and the oil tank 31 is placed below the oil collecting tank 30 for collecting lubricating oil.

[0030] The data acquisition system includes a driving wheel 32, a driven wheel 33, an insulating layer 34, a wire 35, an electric signal output wire 36, a millivoltmeter 37, a temperature sensor 38, a three-way displacement sensor 39 and an absolute value encoder 40. The driving wheel 32 is subjected to a gear coating treatment to ensure that it can form a Seebeck thermoelectric circuit with the driven wheel 33; the insulating layer 34 ensures that the gear and the gear shaft are insulated and heat-insulated; the wire 35 and the electric signal output wire 36 ensure that the detected signal can be transmitted to the control end; the millivoltmeter 37 is used to detect the potential difference generated by the Seebeck effect; the temperature sensor 38 is evenly distributed along the circumference of the driving wheel 32 and the driven wheel 33 in three pairs, respectively, for measuring the body temperature at different positions of the gear and comparing the difference; the three-way displacement sensor 39 is installed on the gear shaft to measure the vibration displacement of the gear shaft; the absolute value encoder 40 is installed on the driven shaft 13 to identify the gear tooth positioning of the driven wheel 33.

[0031] like Figure 7 , Figure 8 As shown, the present invention proposes a method for measuring the flash temperature of the tooth surface of an intersecting axis high-speed gear transmission, the method comprising: a gear design method that meets the Seebeck temperature measurement requirements, a method for measuring and calibrating the Seebeck coefficient of the gear material being measured, and a method for designing a temperature measurement method of the Seebeck thermoelectric effect in an intersecting axis gear pair.

[0032] The gear design method that meets the Seebeck temperature measurement requirements specifically includes the Seebeck thermoelectric effect temperature measurement principle and the gear design method. The Seebeck thermoelectric effect temperature measurement principle refers to that when there is a temperature difference at the contact point of two different metal materials, an electromotive force will be generated. This electromotive force will increase with the increase of the temperature difference and is proportional to the temperature difference. The size of the temperature difference can be determined by measuring the electromotive force generated, and then the temperature of the contact area can be calculated. The gear design method should meet two requirements: the first is to ensure that the gears that constitute the two poles of the thermocouple should be materials with different thermal conductivity coefficients, and the selected two-pole materials have a small resistance temperature coefficient, high resistivity, good electrical conductivity, small heat capacity, and can be used in a wide temperature range. After long-term use, the physical, chemical properties and thermoelectric characteristics remain stable; the second is to ensure that during the meshing process of the gear, only one contact area can connect the thermoelectric circuit. Based on the above requirements, the present invention mainly adopts two implementation methods: one is that the driving wheel adopts constantan as the base material, the driven wheel adopts aviation gear steel (12Cr2Ni4A) as the base material, and the magnetron sputtering technology is used to coat the driving wheel teeth with heat-resistant and insulating AlCrN (aluminum chromium nitride) material; the other is that the driving wheel adopts ceramic as the base material, the driven wheel adopts aviation gear steel (12Cr2Ni4A) as the base material, and the electroplating technology is used to electroplate Ni-based heat-resistant and conductive material on the driving wheel teeth. Figure 8 As shown, when the overlap of the gear pair is greater than 1 and less than 2, the driving wheel teeth are coated with a binary numbering method, and the gear teeth numbered 0 are coated with a heat-resistant insulating layer or the gear teeth numbered non-0 are electroplated with a heat-resistant conductive layer; when the overlap is greater than 2 and less than 3, the driving wheel teeth are coated with a ternary numbering method, and the gear teeth numbered non-2 are coated with a heat-resistant insulating layer or the gear teeth numbered 2 are electroplated with a heat-resistant conductive layer, and so on. Figure 7As shown, here, a spur gear pair with a contact ratio of 1.435 is taken as the object, and the process design of gear coating using the first implementation method is introduced in detail. It is known that the contact ratio of the research object is greater than 1 and less than 2. Single and double teeth will alternately mesh during the gear meshing process. In order to ensure that only one contact area can be connected to the thermoelectric circuit, the driving wheel is coated with binary numbering, and the gear numbered 0 is coated with a high-temperature resistant and high-strength insulating layer. When the gear numbered non-0 participates in the meshing, the thermoelectric circuit is connected to measure the gear tooth surface contact temperature at the current meshing position. When the gear numbered 0 enters the meshing, the thermoelectric circuit is disconnected, and the signal in the output signal area is vacant. The current generated in the circuit is displayed by the millivolt meter 37. The current is converted into a temperature value after amplification, filtering, and calibration, and the tooth surface contact temperature can be obtained. According to the sampling frequency calculation formula of formula (1), the sampling frequency of the test bench at a speed of 20000r / min can be obtained as 300KHz. The amplification, filtering and temperature calibration mentioned above refer to that the current and voltage are continuous analog signals. Since the current and voltage signals measured in the Seebeck loop are very weak and may be interfered by other factors, it is necessary to filter the measured potential difference. For the convenience of observation, it is necessary to amplify it after filtering. The temperature of the potential difference after filtering and amplification is calibrated using formula (2).

[0033]

[0034] Where Num is the number of sampling points on a single tooth surface, n is the speed of the driving wheel, and Z is the number of teeth on the detection gear.

[0035]

[0036] Where U is the voltage value measured by the millivoltmeter, T1 is the contact temperature of the tooth surface to be measured at point A, T2 is the lead-out point temperature of the driving wheel at point B, T3 is the lead-out point temperature of the driven wheel at point C, T4 is the room temperature at point D, S BD is the Seebeck coefficient of conductor BD, S Z is the Seebeck coefficient of the driving wheel, S C is the Seebeck coefficient of the driven wheel, S CD is the Seebeck coefficient of the conductor CD.

[0037] The method for measuring and calibrating the Seebeck coefficient of the gear material to be measured specifically includes using an LSR metal Seebeck coefficient measuring instrument to measure the Seebeck coefficient of the metal rod to be measured. In order to reduce errors, multiple samplings are performed to obtain the average results, and the potential difference results at different temperatures are obtained. The obtained results are calibrated according to a temperature-potential difference curve, and the slope of the curve is the Seebeck coefficient of the metal.

[0038] The temperature measurement method of the Seebeck thermoelectric effect in the intersecting shaft gear pair specifically includes an insulating layer 33 to ensure insulation between the gear and the gear shaft, one end of the wire 34 of the driving wheel is connected to the end face of the gear tooth and close to the contact area, and the other end is connected to the electric signal output wire 35 through a metal wire tube 5 through a slip ring, one end of the wire 34 of the driven wheel is connected to the end face of the gear tooth and close to the contact area, and the other end is connected to the electric signal output wire 35 through a driven shaft 13 through a slip ring, and the electric signal output wire 35 is connected to a millivoltmeter 36 to ensure stable transmission of the Seebeck current signal.

[0039] Intersecting axis gear transmission is generally used under high-speed and heavy-load conditions. The present invention can be used to carry out relevant test verifications under high-speed and heavy-load conditions, providing a basis for the applicable scope of the current theoretical calculation formula for the contact temperature of the tooth surface of the intersecting axis gear pair.

Claims

1. A method for measuring the flash temperature of tooth surfaces of intersecting axis high-speed gear transmissions, characterized in that: The Seebeck thermoelectric effect temperature measurement principle means that when there is a temperature difference at the contact point of two different metal materials, an electromotive force will be generated. This electromotive force will increase with the increase of the temperature difference and is proportional to the temperature difference. The size of the temperature difference can be determined by measuring the generated electromotive force, and then the temperature of the contact area can be calculated. The gear design method should meet two requirements: first, it is necessary to ensure that the gears constituting the two poles of the thermocouple should be made of materials with different thermal conductivity coefficients, and the selected two-pole materials have a small resistance temperature coefficient, high resistivity, good electrical conductivity, small heat capacity, and can be used in a wide temperature range. After long-term use, the physical, chemical properties and thermoelectric characteristics remain stable; second, it is to ensure that during the meshing process of the gears, only one contact area can connect the thermoelectric circuit; There are two implementation methods: one is that the driving wheel uses constantan as the base material, the driven wheel uses aviation gear steel as the base material, and the driving wheel teeth are coated with heat-resistant insulating AlCrN material by magnetron sputtering technology; the other is that the driving wheel uses ceramic as the base material, the driven wheel uses aviation gear steel as the base material, and the driving wheel teeth are electroplated with Ni-based heat-resistant conductive material by electroplating technology; The flash temperature of the tooth surface under the two coating methods is studied by comparing the test results obtained under the two coating methods; When the overlap of the gear pair is greater than 1 and less than 2, the driving wheel teeth are coated in a binary numbering manner, and the gear teeth numbered 0 are coated with a heat-resistant insulating layer or the gear teeth numbered non-0 are electroplated with a heat-resistant conductive layer; when the overlap is greater than 2 and less than 3, the driving wheel teeth are coated in a ternary numbering manner, and the gear teeth numbered non-2 are coated with a heat-resistant insulating layer or the gear teeth numbered 2 are electroplated with a heat-resistant conductive layer; If the overlap is greater than 1 and less than 2, single and double teeth will alternately mesh during the gear meshing process. In order to ensure that only one contact area can be connected to the thermoelectric circuit, the active wheel is coated with binary numbering; the gear teeth numbered 0 are coated with a high-temperature resistant and high-strength insulating layer. When the gear teeth numbered other than 0 participate in the meshing, the thermoelectric circuit is used together to measure the tooth surface flash temperature at the current meshing position. When the gear teeth numbered 0 enter the meshing, the thermoelectric circuit is disconnected, and the signal in the output signal area is vacant. The current generated in the circuit is displayed by the millivolt meter 37. The current is amplified, filtered, and calibrated and converted into a temperature value to obtain the tooth surface flash temperature. The temperature of the potential difference after filtering and amplification is calibrated using the following formula: ； Wherein, U is the voltage value measured by the millivoltmeter, T1 is the contact temperature of the tooth surface to be measured at point A, T2 is the lead-out point temperature of the driving wheel at point B, T3 is the lead-out point temperature of the driven wheel at point C, T4 is the room temperature of point D, SBD is the Seebeck coefficient of the conductor BD, SZ is the Seebeck coefficient of the driving wheel, SC is the Seebeck coefficient of the driven wheel, and SCD is the Seebeck coefficient of the conductor CD; The test bench includes a drive system, a driven wheel posture adjustment system, a leveling system, a main control cabinet, a test bench car system and a data acquisition system. The drive system includes an electric spindle 1, a tool handle 2, a gear shaft 3, an active shaft through-hole slip ring assembly 4, a metal wire tube 5, and an electric spindle support seat 6. The driven wheel posture adjustment system includes a rotating platform 7, a rotating platform drive motor 8, an adapter plate 9, a ball screw module 10, a transverse slide 11, a longitudinal slide 12, a driven shaft 13, a driven shaft through-hole slip ring 14, a coupling 15, a load motor 16, a motor support seat 17, and a three-jaw chuck 18. The leveling system includes a test bench. The test bench base 19, the test bench support frame 20, the test bench support foot 21, the main control cabinet includes a main control cabinet box 22, a sliding door 23, an operating window 24, a box vent 25, and a main control cabinet door 26. The test bench car system includes a test bench car sealing plate 27, an oil retaining device 28, a bearing 29, an oil collecting tank 30, an oil tank 31, a driving wheel 32, and a driven wheel 33. The data acquisition system includes a driving wheel 32, a driven wheel 33, an insulating layer 34, a wire 35, an electrical signal output wire 36, a millivolt meter 37, a temperature sensor 38, a three-way displacement sensor 39 and an absolute encoder 40; The driven wheel posture adjustment system is composed of a rotating platform 7, a rotating platform drive motor 8, an adapter plate 9, a ball screw module 10, a transverse slide 11, a longitudinal slide 12, a driven shaft 13, a driven shaft through-hole slip ring 14, a coupling 15, a load motor 16, a motor support seat 17 and a three-jaw chuck 18; the rotating platform 7 is fixedly connected to the test bench base 19 by bolts and driven by the rotating platform drive motor 8; the adapter plate 9 is fixedly connected to the rotating platform 7 by bolts and is used to carry other equipment; the ball screw module includes a screw 10-1, a BK bearing seat 10-2, a BF bearing seat 10-3, a ball bearing 10-4, a slider 10-5, a linear guide 10-6, a screw coupling 10-7 and a servo motor 10-8, the slider 10-5 is fixedly connected to the lower sides of the transverse slide 11 and the longitudinal slide 12 by bolts respectively; the BK bearing seat 10-2, the BF bearing seat 10-3, and the linear guide 10-6 are respectively installed on the adapter plate 9 and the transverse slide 11 by bolts; the load motor 16 is fixedly connected to the motor support seat 17 by bolts; the motor support seat 17 is fixedly connected to the longitudinal slide 12 by bolts; the coupling 15 is used for connecting the driven shaft 13 with the load motor 16; the inner ring rotor of the driven shaft through-hole slip ring 14 is connected to the driven shaft 13, and the outer ring stator is fixedly connected to the longitudinal slide 12 to ensure that the line will not be entangled, and the three-jaw chuck 18 is connected to the driven shaft 13 to realize the rapid switching of the driven wheel.

2. The method for measuring the flash temperature of the tooth surface of an intersecting axis high-speed gear transmission according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The openness mainly involves the following aspects: 1) The measurement object and its size are open, and the intersecting axis gear transmission of different sizes, tooth shapes, tooth profiles and tooth types can be measured. The different sizes include the number of teeth, module, pressure angle, displacement coefficient, etc. of the gear; the different tooth shapes include helical teeth and straight teeth; the different tooth profiles include involutes, circular arcs, spiral surfaces, hyperboloids and asymmetric surfaces, and the tooth types include cylindrical gears, bevel gears and face gears; 2) The angle between the axis of the driving wheel and the driven wheel is open, and the gear pair with any angle within a certain range can be measured; 3) The measurement speed is open, and the maximum speed range that can be measured depends on the selected accessories, such as the maximum allowable speed of the electric spindle, motor, three-jaw chuck, bearing and slip ring; 4) The measurement items are open. In addition to measuring the flash temperature of the tooth surface, corresponding measuring equipment, sensors, etc. can be supplemented as needed to measure other static and dynamic indicators; 5) The monitoring of friction and wear is open, and the measuring equipment can be used to detect the state changes of the gear in real time during use.

3. The method for measuring the flash temperature of the tooth surface of an intersecting axis high-speed gear transmission according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The electric spindle 1 is fixedly connected to the electric spindle support seat 6 by bolts; the tool handle 2 is used to connect the electric spindle 1 and the gear shaft 3 to ensure that the electric spindle can drive the driving wheel to rotate; one end of the metal wire tube 5 is connected to the gear shaft 3 by bolts, and the other end is fixed to the side wall of the test bench car sealing plate 27; the inner ring rotor of the driving shaft through-hole slip ring rotates with the metal wire tube 5, and the outer ring stator is fixed to the side wall of the test bench car sealing plate 27 by bolts to ensure that the line will not be entangled during the meshing process of the gears; the electric spindle support seat 6 is fixedly connected to the main control cabinet box 22 by bolts.

4. The method for measuring the flash temperature of the tooth surface of an intersecting axis high-speed gear transmission according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The leveling system includes a test bench base 19, a test bench support frame 20 and a test bench support foot 21. The test bench base 19 is fixedly connected to the test bench support frame 20 by bolts for installing other devices; the test bench support foot 21 is fixedly connected to the test bench support frame 20 by bolts for leveling the test bench. The main control cabinet includes a main control cabinet body 22, a sliding door 23, an operating window 24, a body vent 25, and a main control cabinet door 26. The main control cabinet body 22 is fixedly connected to the test bench base 19 by bolts, and a data acquisition system and electrical equipment are installed inside the main control cabinet body; the operating window 24 and the main control cabinet door 26 are connected to the main control cabinet body 22 by hinges for operation and maintenance of the equipment.

5. The method for measuring the flash temperature of the tooth surface of an intersecting axis high-speed gear transmission according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The test bench car sealing plate 27 is fixedly connected to the main control cabinet body 4 by bolts; the oil retaining device 28 is composed of an axially stretched accordion cover 28-1, a radially stretched accordion cover 28-2, a slide rail 28-3 and a pulley 28-4, and the oil retaining device 28 is fixedly connected to the longitudinal slide 20 and the test bench car sealing plate 27 by bolts to ensure that the oil will not splash out of the car after the driven shaft is adjusted in position; the oil collecting tank 30 is fixedly connected to the test bench base 1 by bolts, and the oil tank 31 is placed under the oil collecting tank 30 for collecting lubricating oil.

6. The method for measuring the flash temperature of the tooth surface of an intersecting axis high-speed gear transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving wheel 32 is subjected to a gear coating treatment to ensure that it can form a Seebeck thermoelectric circuit with the driven wheel 33; the insulating layer 34 ensures that the gear and the gear shaft are insulated and heat-insulated; the wire 35 and the electric signal output wire 36 ensure that the detected signal can be transmitted to the control end; the millivoltmeter 37 is used to detect the potential difference generated by the Seebeck effect; the temperature sensors 38 are evenly distributed along the circumference of the driving wheel 32 and the driven wheel 33 in three pairs, respectively, to measure the body temperature at different positions of the gear and compare the difference; The three-way displacement sensor 39 is installed on the gear shaft to measure the vibration displacement of the gear shaft; the absolute value encoder 40 is installed on the driven shaft 21 to identify the gear tooth positioning of the driven wheel 33.

7. The method for measuring the flash temperature of tooth surface of intersecting axis high-speed gear transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Seebeck thermoelectric effect temperature measurement principle means that when there is a temperature difference at the contact point of two different metal materials, an electromotive force will be generated. This electromotive force will increase with the increase of the temperature difference and is proportional to the temperature difference. The size of the temperature difference can be determined by measuring the generated electromotive force, and then the temperature of the contact area can be calculated.

8. The method for measuring the flash temperature of the tooth surface of an intersecting axis high-speed gear transmission according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The measurement and calibration method of the Seebeck coefficient of the gear material to be tested specifically includes using an LSR metal Seebeck coefficient measuring instrument to measure the Seebeck coefficient of the metal rod to be tested. In order to reduce errors, multiple samplings are performed to obtain the average results, and the potential difference results at different temperatures are obtained. The obtained results are calibrated according to the temperature-potential difference curve. The slope of the curve is the Seebeck coefficient of the metal.

9. The method for measuring the flash temperature of tooth surface of intersecting axis high-speed gear transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature measurement method designed by Seebeck thermoelectric effect in the intersecting shaft gear pair specifically includes an insulating layer 34 to ensure insulation between the gear and the gear shaft, one end of the wire 35 of the driving wheel is connected to the end face of the gear tooth and close to the contact area, and the other end is connected to the electric signal output wire 36 through a metal wire tube 5 through a slip ring, one end of the wire 35 of the driven wheel is connected to the end face of the gear tooth and close to the contact area, and the other end is connected to the electric signal output wire 36 through a driven shaft 13 through a slip ring, and the electric signal output wire 36 is connected to a millivoltmeter 37 to ensure stable transmission of the Seebeck current signal.

10. The method for measuring the flash temperature of tooth surface of intersecting axis high-speed gear transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flash temperature change of the tooth surface under different lubrication methods can be obtained by adjusting the filling method, flow rate and injection direction parameters of the lubricating oil. The method further includes adding fluid detection equipment at a later stage to realize the lubrication method and performance analysis under oil injection lubrication.

11. The method for measuring the flash temperature of tooth surface of intersecting axis high-speed gear transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that: By comparing the test results with the theoretical calculation formula, it can be analyzed whether the research object is the tooth surface flash temperature under point contact or the tooth surface flash temperature under line contact, which is used to verify the contact mode of the research object and solve the current problem that the contact mode of gear transmission cannot be verified.

12. The method for measuring the flash temperature of tooth surface of intersecting axis high-speed gear transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that: The test bench can measure different transmission ratios at a certain axis angle and different gears under different working conditions, including common spur bevel gear pairs, spiral bevel gear pairs and face gear pairs. The performance of different gear transmission forms can be compared and studied based on the test results.

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