Apparatus and method for removing biological concretion from water-exiting ceramic cultural relics

Abstract

A kind of equipment and removal method for removing efflorescence of water ceramic cultural relics, the body of water ceramic cultural relics includes self-fixed efflorescence and condensate attached to the body, the removal equipment includes condensate removal system, condensate removal system includes operating box and constant temperature blower, operating box is the hollow cavity of top opening to accommodate water ceramic cultural relics, the hollow cavity of operating box is used to maintain or strengthen the connection strength of efflorescence and the body of water ceramic cultural relics when removing condensate, constant temperature blower is used to dry condensate after salt solution is soaked to peel off condensate, wherein the salt solution is gradient brine with salt concentration not higher than water cultural relics;Or the salt solution is deionized water, efflorescence removal equipment of water ceramic cultural relics biological condensate further includes cultural relic surface pre-reinforcement system for fixing efflorescence by solid material.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of cultural relic protection technology, specifically to a device and method for removing bio-aggregates from underwater ceramic cultural relics containing easily detachable areas, and particularly to a device for removing bio-aggregates from fragile underwater ceramic cultural relics such as overglaze painted porcelain and painted pottery that are prone to detachment. Background Technology

[0002] Many marine artifacts recovered from the sea have various deposits on their surfaces, and ceramic artifacts are no exception. These deposits on ceramic artifacts are not limited to corrosion products; they also include marine organisms such as shellfish, corals, and barnacles. These organisms adhere tightly to the surface of the artifacts and are difficult to remove completely. Forcibly removing them physically will leave biological traces on the surface of the artifacts, which will only increase the difficulty of restoration.

[0003] A composite high-efficiency cleaning method for marine-extracted stone artifacts is disclosed in existing technology (CN109201567B). This method can effectively remove scale and salt from the surface of the artifacts. While this method uses composite cleaning reagents and steam cleaners, and although it causes minimal damage to the stone artifacts, it still involves considerable external force. Therefore, it is not suitable for artifacts with fragile surfaces, especially ceramic artifacts with easily detachable areas (such as overglaze decorations).

[0004] In existing technology (CN105855227A), a method and apparatus for cleaning underwater cultural relics using a power pump-circulating micro-nano bubble water system are disclosed. This apparatus proposes a novel cleaning method that uses micro-nano bubbles to separate and remove surface impurities from the cultural relics. However, for newly recovered cultural relics, due to the tight adhesion between marine organisms and the surface, as well as the presence of marine biological cement, biofilms produced by microbial corrosion, and biomineralization products, the micro-nano bubble water method cannot effectively remove surface organisms. Forced physical removal will leave biological traces on the surface of the cultural relics, thus increasing the difficulty of cultural relic restoration.

[0005] Therefore, existing technologies urgently need improvement. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention provides a device and method for removing bio-aggregates from underwater ceramic artifacts containing easily detachable areas, in order to solve the technical problem that existing technologies cannot effectively remove bio-aggregates from underwater ceramic artifacts.

[0007] A first aspect of the present invention provides a device for removing bio-coagulations from underwater ceramic artifacts. The underwater ceramic artifact includes pre-fixed, easily detachable material and coagulations attached to the artifact. The device includes a coagulation removal system comprising an operating box and a constant-temperature blower. The operating box is a hollow cavity with an open top for accommodating the underwater ceramic artifact. The hollow cavity of the operating box contains a salt-precipitating solution to maintain or strengthen the bond between the easily detachable material and the artifact during coagulation removal. The constant-temperature blower is used to dry the coagulations after soaking them in the salt-precipitating solution to detach them.

[0008] The salt precipitation solution is a gradient brine with a salt concentration not exceeding that of the excavated ceramic artifact; or...

[0009] The salt solution is deionized water, and the equipment for removing biological deposits from effluent ceramic artifacts also includes a pre-reinforcement system for fixing the surface of the artifacts containing the easily detachable material with a solidifying material.

[0010] Optionally, in one specific embodiment, the condensate removal system further includes a constant temperature heater, which is disposed in the area of ​​the operating box containing the salt precipitate solution to maintain the salt precipitate solution at a set temperature.

[0011] Optionally, in one specific embodiment, it further includes an ultrasonic vibrator and a water flushing machine, wherein...

[0012] The ultrasonic oscillator is set in the area of ​​the operating box containing the salt solution and is used to oscillate and clean the water-exposed ceramic artifacts.

[0013] The water pump rinsing machine is connected to the salt precipitate solution and is used to pressurize and spray the salt precipitate solution onto the surface of the ceramic artifact to at least determine whether shaking cleaning is required.

[0014] That is, the water pumping machine is connected to the salt solution to pressurize and spray the salt solution onto the surface of the ceramic artifact to determine whether certain areas need to be shaken and cleaned. At the same time, the spraying pressure of the water pumping machine can be adjusted to increase the cleaning force and remove the condensate that is not easy to fall off.

[0015] Specifically, the salt solution can be sprayed onto the ceramic artifact using a water pump. By identifying the easily detachable material and the areas of the condensate on the ceramic artifact that have strong adhesion and cannot be completely peeled off by a constant temperature blower, the cleaning intensity can be increased by at least vibration cleaning.

[0016] Optionally, in one specific embodiment, the salt precipitation solution is deionized water, or a salt solution with a salt concentration not higher than the liquid concentration of the environment in which the unearthed ceramic artifact was located before excavation.

[0017] Optionally, in one specific embodiment, the condensate removal system includes a blower cover plate, which is selectively closed and connected to the control box, and the constant temperature blower is disposed on the side of the blower cover plate facing the hollow cavity after the control box is closed.

[0018] Optionally, in one specific embodiment, it further includes a pre-reinforcement system for fixing the easily detachable material to the surface of the artifact using a solidifying material, for ensuring that the connection strength between the easily detachable material and the body of the recovered ceramic artifact is maintained at least during the removal of the deposited material.

[0019] The surface pre-reinforcement system for cultural relics includes a solid material melting box and a spraying device. The solid material melting box is used to keep the solid material in a liquid state, and the spraying device is connected to the solid material melting box to spray the solid material to strengthen the connection between the easily detachable material and the body of the water-exposed ceramic cultural relic.

[0020] Optionally, in one specific embodiment, a solid material removal system is further included for removing the detachable material and the solid material on the surface of the artifact. The solid material is a material that will not damage the surface of the artifact during removal and will not affect the movement of salt ions.

[0021] Optionally, in one specific embodiment, the solid material is at least one of menthol, cyclododecane, or coumarin.

[0022] Optionally, in one specific embodiment, it further includes a surface cleaning system for enzymatically removing the condensate from the artifact, wherein...

[0023] The artifact surface cleaning system includes a humidity control machine for controlling the hollow cavity to a set humidity level suitable for enzyme survival and a constant temperature heating machine for controlling the hollow cavity to a set temperature suitable for enzyme survival.

[0024] Optionally, in one specific embodiment, the artifact surface cleaning system further includes an oxygen removal device for removing oxygen from the hollow cavity to allow for enzyme survival.

[0025] Optionally, in one specific embodiment, the artifact surface cleaning system further includes a bioactive enzyme-carrying gel pad, or a bioactive single (or multiple) enzyme solution. The bioactive enzyme-carrying gel possesses (or produces) the bioactivity of biological enzymes and / or specific microorganisms, wherein the enzyme carrier can be one enzyme or a combination of multiple enzymes.

[0026] Optionally, in one specific embodiment, the artifact surface inspection system includes an inspection box, an ultraviolet light source, an optical microscope, a fluorescence microscope, and a display. The display is electrically connected to the optical microscope and the fluorescence microscope for displaying images.

[0027] The optical microscope and the fluorescence microscope are mounted on the inner wall of the detection chamber, and the ultraviolet light source is located on the opposite side of the fluorescence microscope.

[0028] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for removing bio-aggregates from underwater ceramic artifacts. This method can be based on the bio-aggregate removal equipment for underwater ceramic artifacts described in the first aspect of the present invention, or it can be different from the equipment described in the first aspect of the present invention. The removal method includes:

[0029] Step A: The process of removing biological deposits from the unearthed ceramic artifacts;

[0030] Step B: Soaking and desalinating the easily detachable parts on the unearthed ceramic artifacts;

[0031] Alternatively, it may include step C: a process of reinforcing easily detachable areas of the recovered ceramic artifacts using temporary solidification materials; wherein...

[0032] Step B is set after steps A and C, and the order of steps A and C is adjustable. Step A will not reduce the connection strength between the water-exposed ceramic artifact and the easily detachable object.

[0033] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0034] The device for removing biological deposits from underwater ceramic artifacts provided by this invention can remove deposits from the surface of underwater ceramic artifacts in the shortest possible time and with the least amount of material, and evaluate the removal effect, which is beneficial to the subsequent protection of cultural relics. Attached Figure Description

[0035] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0036] Figure 1 This is a step diagram of the method for removing condensate from ceramic artifacts containing easily detachable areas provided by the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the system structure of the device for removing condensate from ceramic artifacts containing easily detachable areas, provided by the present invention.

[0038] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the device for removing condensate from ceramic artifacts containing easily detachable areas, provided by the present invention.

[0039] Figure label:

[0040] 1. Cultural relic surface pre-reinforcement system; 6. Pre-reinforcement cover plate; 7. Solid material melting box; 8. Spraying device;

[0041] 2. Condensate removal system; 9. Water flushing machine; 10. Drain outlet; 11. Roller; 12. Constant temperature heater; 13. Ultrasonic vibrator; 14. Grid frame; 15. Frame groove; 16. Cover plate connecting bolt; 17. Connecting matching bolt; 18. Box door; 90. Control box; 91. Blower cover plate; 92. Constant temperature blower;

[0042] 3. Cultural relic surface cleaning system; 19. Humidity control machine; 20. Constant temperature heating machine; 21. Enzyme-loaded active gel pad; 28. Deoxygenation device; 93. Cleaning cover plate;

[0043] 4. Cultural relic surface inspection system; 23. Ultraviolet light source; 24. Optical microscope; 25. Fluorescence microscope; 26. Display; 27. Door opening and closing mechanism; 94. Inspection box;

[0044] 5. Solid material removal system; 96. Solid material removal instrument. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Furthermore, it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only for illustration and explanation of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. In the present invention, unless otherwise stated, directional terms such as "up," "down," "left," "right," "front," and "rear" generally refer to up, down, left, and right in the actual use or working state of the device, specifically the drawing directions in the accompanying drawings.

[0046] It should be noted that the order of description of the following embodiments is not intended to limit the preferred order of embodiments of the present invention. Furthermore, the descriptions of each embodiment in the following embodiments have their own emphasis; for parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions in other embodiments.

[0047] In their preliminary research, the inventors discovered that the removal of bio-aggregates from marine-exposed ceramic artifacts containing easily detachable areas mainly involves two parts: first, the removal of the cementitious material at the interface between the bio-aggregates and the artifact, the biofilm produced by microbial corrosion, and its biomineralization products; and second, the treatment of cracks in marine-exposed ceramic artifacts and the treatment of the easily detachable painted glaze layer caused by highly absorbent salts at the interface between the glaze layer and the ceramic body.

[0048] Please see Figure 1 The figure shows a method for removing concretions from cultural relics with easily detachable areas, including the following steps:

[0049] Step 1: Use a solidifying material to pre-reinforce the areas where the glaze of the recovered ceramic artifact is prone to peeling off. The areas where the glaze of the recovered ceramic artifact is prone to peeling off do not completely overlap with the areas of the recovered ceramic artifact containing condensate.

[0050] Step 2: Perform preliminary removal on the concretion area of ​​the unearthed ceramic artifact, wherein the preliminary removal includes at least hot air drying, and the operating temperature of the preliminary removal is lower than the melting temperature of the solid material;

[0051] Step 3: Identify the types and components of residues from the recovered ceramic artifacts, select bio-enzymes based on the types and components of residues in the condensate area of ​​the recovered ceramic artifacts, and load the bio-enzymes onto the bioactive gel pads to achieve targeted removal of residues;

[0052] Step 4: Use a fluorescence microscope and an optical microscope to determine whether the condensate on the unearthed ceramic artifact has been completely removed. If not, repeat steps 2 and 3 until the condensate on the ceramic artifact has been completely removed.

[0053] Step 5: Heat the water-exposed ceramic artifact to volatilize the solid material.

[0054] Optionally, when the easily detachable area of ​​the submerged ceramic artifact overlaps or does not completely overlap with the area of ​​condensation, step one is skipped. First, the condensation area of ​​the submerged ceramic artifact is initially removed. The initial removal is performed in step three, followed by step two. Step two does not include any external force applied to the submerged ceramic artifact for cleaning. Then, step four is performed. Finally, the submerged ceramic artifact is soaked in a salt solution with a concentration gradient for desalination and drying.

[0055] Optionally, when the easily detachable area of ​​the underwater ceramic artifact overlaps with the area of ​​condensation, step one is skipped. First, the condensation area of ​​the underwater ceramic artifact is initially removed. The initial removal is performed in step three, followed by step two. Step two does not include any external cleaning or washing of the underwater ceramic artifact. Then, step four is performed, and then steps one, two, and five are performed in sequence.

[0056] It should be noted that the inventors discovered during their research that ultrasonic vibration and cleaning can cause significant damage to easily detachable glazed ceramic artifacts, resulting in irreversible damage to the surface glaze. Therefore, the inventors prioritized protecting easily detachable areas when designing this solution. Based on this, the solution of this invention requires, when cleaning easily detachable glazed ceramic artifacts, at least the easily detachable areas to be cured and protected before cleaning the solidified material. The curing and protective material must not damage the glazed ceramic artifact, and it must be able to volatilize at a suitable temperature under specific conditions. This significantly reduces the difficulty for operators in cleaning the cured material from the ceramic artifact, thereby improving the efficiency of artifact preservation.

[0057] Meanwhile, the inventors creatively discovered that the reason why the glaze and overglaze decoration on the surface of ceramic artifacts are prone to detachment during soaking and cleaning in deionized water includes: the glaze and overglaze decoration are not tightly bonded to the body and matrix. During long-term immersion in seawater, salt enters the interface between the glaze and overglaze decoration and the body and matrix, precipitating crystals. Furthermore, the recovered ceramic artifacts achieve a certain stable state in an environment with a constant salt concentration. When the recovered ceramic artifacts are soaked in deionized water after being retrieved, the difference in osmotic pressure between the external environment and the interface between the glaze and overglaze decoration and the body and matrix causes the crystals at the interface to dissolve rapidly, loosening and causing the glaze and overglaze decoration on the surface of the recovered ceramic artifacts to detach. Therefore, using a salt solution with a concentration gradient to soak the recovered ceramic artifacts for a long time to remove salt can avoid the detachment phenomenon caused by drastic changes in the osmotic pressure of the external environment.

[0058] Meanwhile, the inventors creatively discovered during their research that while immediate, forceful physical removal of condensation on the surface of underwater ceramic artifacts is ineffective, some of this condensation will automatically detach under prolonged dry and ventilated natural conditions. The adhesion of the condensation to the ceramic artifact's surface weakens significantly, making it easy to remove using physical removal methods such as ultrasonic vibration or high-pressure water rinsing. Therefore, the inventors chose to fix the easily detachable areas of the ceramic artifact and then use a cleaning environment that closely simulates natural conditions for initial cleaning. Hot air drying effectively reduces the adhesion of the condensation to the ceramic artifact's surface, even causing the condensation to peel off directly. Then, warm water soaking and ultrasonic vibration cleaning steps effectively remove the condensation from the ceramic artifact.

[0059] Meanwhile, the inventors also discovered that due to the complex nature of the diseases attached to the surface of ceramic artifacts, including the presence of microorganisms, it is difficult to completely remove them by physical means alone. Therefore, the inventors chose to select appropriate biological enzymes for different adhesive residues after the initial removal of the ceramic artifact surface, so as to achieve targeted cleaning of biological coagulations without damaging the artifact itself.

[0060] In a preferred embodiment, the preliminary removal further includes the following steps:

[0061] Determine whether it is necessary to soak in warm water. If so, soak the unearthed ceramic artifact in warm water and then dry it with hot air. If not, directly dry the unearthed ceramic artifact with hot air.

[0062] Furthermore, the preliminary removal also includes cleaning, which includes rinsing the ceramic artifact and / or ultrasonic cleaning.

[0063] In a preferred embodiment, the solidifying material includes menthol, cyclododecane, and coumarin. This effectively reinforces easily detachable areas of ceramic artifacts without damaging them, and also volatilizes at specific temperatures, improving the efficiency of artifact preservation.

[0064] In a preferred embodiment, the enzyme in the bioactive enzyme-carrying gel pad can be one or a combination of multiple biological enzymes such as proteolytic enzymes, polysaccharide hydrolytic enzymes, chitosanase, and lipase. The loading method of the biological enzyme in the gel pad includes embedding, cross-linking, etc. The enzyme-carrying active gel pad can effectively maintain the biological activity of the loaded enzyme, and through contact with the surface of the biocoagulated material, it can achieve the softening and dissolution of the biocoagulated material. The dissolved biocoagulated material enters the gel under the action of the concentration gradient, and is further decomposed into small molecular weight soluble substances by the biological enzymes in the gel, promoting the continuous dissolution of the biocoagulated material and its entry into the gel for adsorption and removal.

[0065] Furthermore, when the easily detachable areas of the recovered ceramic artifact do not overlap with the areas of concretion, a multi-enzyme-loaded gel pad is used. This helps increase the contact time between the gel and the corrosive substances on the artifact surface, promoting the decorrosion removal rate and mitigating the impact of the material on other areas due to its penetration. When the easily detachable areas of the recovered ceramic artifact overlap with the areas of concretion, a multi-enzyme-loaded material is used instead of a gel. This reduces the viscosity of the gel on the corrosive layer and the potential damage it may cause to the easily detachable layer. Example 1

[0066] Please see Figure 2-3 The figure shows a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the artifact removal device for easily detachable areas provided by the present invention, which is particularly suitable for removing deposits from the surface of easily detachable overglaze porcelain. The artifact removal device for artifacts with easily detachable areas includes an artifact surface pre-reinforcement system 1, an artifact removal system 2, an artifact surface cleaning system 3, an artifact surface detection system 4, and a solid material removal system 5.

[0067] The artifact surface pre-reinforcement system 1, the condensate removal system 2, the artifact surface cleaning system 3, and the solidified material removal system 5 share an operating space within an operating box 90 with top and side openings. The artifact surface pre-reinforcement system 1 and the artifact surface cleaning system 3 are respectively mounted on the pre-reinforcement cover plate 6 and the cleaning cover plate 93. The pre-reinforcement cover plate 6 and the cleaning cover plate 93 are the same size and are both located on the top edge of the operating box 90 and rotated to close. When a corresponding operation is required, the corresponding cover plate is folded up to the top opening of the operating box 90, so that the cover plate closes to the top of the operating box 90. Then, the side of the operating box 90 is opened, and the operation is performed through the side opening. Specific usage will be described in detail below and will not be repeated here. The top of the operating box 90 is also equipped with a cover plate connecting bolt 16 for connecting the cover plate to the operating box 90.

[0068] Please continue reading. Figure 3The artifact surface pre-reinforcement system is used to selectively reinforce at least the solidified areas with a solidified material. The artifact surface pre-reinforcement system 1 includes a solidified material melting chamber 7, a spraying device 8, and a pre-reinforcement cover plate 6. The solidified material melting chamber 7 is connected to the spraying device 8. The solidified material melting chamber 7 and the spraying device 8 are mounted on the pre-reinforcement cover plate 6, which can be flipped over to serve as the top cover of the operating box 90, allowing the artifact surface pre-reinforcement system 1 to operate within the operating box 90. The solidified material melting chamber 7 is used to heat the solidified material and maintain a constant temperature to keep the solidified material in a liquid state. The spraying device 8 is connected to the solidified material melting chamber 7 to uniformly spray the solidified material melting chamber 7 onto areas of the ceramic artifact where the glaze is prone to peeling off. The temperature of the solidified material melting chamber 7 is controllable, preferably within a range of 50-90°C, and more preferably within 50°C, 70°C, and 90°C, which effectively meets the melting and heat preservation requirements of commonly used solidified materials. Preferably, the spraying device 8 and the solid material melting box 7 are detachably connected for replacing the spraying device 8, so as to avoid the solid material clogging the spraying device 8 after long-term use and affecting the curing progress.

[0069] The surface pre-consolidation system 1 is used to selectively pre-consolidate ceramic artifacts. Whether or not it is used depends on the overlap between the easily detachable areas and the areas with deposits, as described in detail above and will not be repeated here. When pre-consolidation is needed for ceramic artifacts with easily detachable overglaze decorations, a portion of the deposited area is first selected as a pilot area. The pilot area is then tested with hot water or ethanol to determine if dissolution occurs. If dissolution is observed, a solidifying material is used for pre-consolidation. If no dissolution is observed, the pre-consolidation step is skipped, and the deposits are removed directly without the need for a subsequent temporary solidifying material removal step. The advantage of this setup is that it significantly improves the efficiency of artifact preservation and avoids the problem of ineffective solidification after spraying solidifying materials.

[0070] The preferred solidifying material is one that, upon volatilization, will not damage the surface of the artifact or affect the movement of salt ions, such as menthol, cyclododecane, or coumarin. The temperature of the solidifying material melting chamber 7 is adjusted according to the melting temperature of different solidifying materials, and the spraying device 8 is selected based on the size of the pre-reinforced area (preferably the painted area) of the ceramic artifact (a brush head for small areas, a nozzle for large areas). The spraying device 8 is then connected to the solidifying material melting chamber 7. Preferably, the selected melting chamber connection pipe is connected below the solidifying material melting chamber 7 for better spraying of the solidifying material onto the ceramic artifact. The spraying device 8 is connected to the upper surface of the solidifying material melting chamber 7 so that when the condensate removal system and the operating chamber are rotated and closed, the upper surface of the solidifying material is located on the side facing the hollow cavity of the operating chamber.

[0071] Please continue reading. Figure 3 The condensate removal system 2 is used to remove condensate from the condensate area. The condensate removal system 2 includes an operating box 90, an ultrasonic vibrator 13, a constant-temperature heater 12, a water pump 9, a grid frame 14, and a blower cover 91. A constant-temperature blower 92 is installed on the blower cover 91. The blower cover 91 can be flipped over to cover the operating box 90, allowing the constant-temperature blower 92 to operate inside the operating box 90 after the cover is closed. The operating box 90 is used to place ceramic artifacts for preliminary removal of condensate from the effluent ceramic artifacts. The operating box 90 selectively contains a salt precipitation solution, preferably deionized water or a concentration gradient brine, to selectively immerse at least the condensate area of ​​the ceramic artifacts and precipitate salts from the surface of the ceramic artifacts, such as easily detachable areas. A salt-leaching solution is placed below the grid frame 14 for immersing ceramic artifacts prone to flaking in the glaze to remove salt. A constant-temperature heater 12 is located at the bottom of the operating box 90, in the area corresponding to the salt-leaching solution, to heat the solution and maintain a constant temperature, thereby reducing the adhesion strength of the deposits on the ceramic artifacts. The temperature settings for the constant-temperature blower 92 and the constant-temperature heater 12 are selectable from 35℃ to 65℃, allowing for the selection of a lower temperature based on the melting temperature of the temporary solidification material.

[0072] The inner wall of the control box 90 is provided with a rack groove 15, which is used to cooperate with the grid frame 14 so that the grid frame 14 can be placed on the rack groove 15. A constant temperature blower 92 is provided on the blower cover plate 91 to blow constant temperature air (this constant temperature air can be hot air or cold air, as long as it is constant temperature) to the grid frame 14. The grid frame 14 is used to support the ceramic artifact so that the constant temperature blower 92 can blow hot air to at least the area of ​​the ceramic artifact with condensation. A water pump 9 is used to rinse at least the area of ​​the ceramic artifact with condensation, so that the condensation in the area of ​​the ceramic artifact with condensation is removed by the action of the constant temperature blower 92 and the water pump 9.

[0073] When preliminary removal of materials from ceramic artifacts is required, the temperatures of the constant-temperature blower 92 and constant-temperature heater 12 are selected based on the melting temperature of the temporary solidification material on the artifacts. The ceramic artifacts are then placed at the bottom of the hollow cavity of the operating chamber 90, and a salt solution, preferably deionized water, sufficient to submerge the sample is added to the operating chamber 90. The deionized water is heated using the constant-temperature heater 12, and the ceramic artifacts are immersed in the warm water for 3 hours before the water is drained, completing the warm water immersion step. The constant-temperature blower 92 is then used to blow air and heat the sample until it is completely dry, completing the air-heat drying step. This process of adding deionized water to immerse the sample and heating is repeated, cycling through warm water immersion and air-heat drying.

[0074] Meanwhile, to determine the adhesion of the deposits on the surface of ceramic artifacts, it is preferable to use a water pump 9 to rinse the sample after one cycle. If the deposits on the surface begin to fall off under rinsing, the ceramic artifact is placed in room temperature deionized water and the ultrasonic vibrator 13 is turned on to perform ultrasonic vibration cleaning on the artifact. During this period, the water pump 9 can also be used to rinse the attached area. If the deposits still do not fall off, the warm water soaking and hot air drying steps are continued until all the deposits on the surface fall off.

[0075] It is understandable that the water pump rinsing machine 9 can be connected to the salt solution to pressurize and spray the salt solution onto the surface of the ceramic artifact to determine whether certain areas need to be shaken and cleaned. It can also increase the cleaning force by adjusting the spray pressure of the water pump rinsing machine to remove the condensate that is not easy to fall off.

[0076] Of course, when the surface of the artifact is moist, the amount of condensate is small and intact, and the condensate is not tightly bonded to the surface, there is no need to soak and clean it with deionized water. Only air blowing treatment by the constant temperature blower 92 is required. That is, no warm water soaking is required, only hot air drying is needed. In this case, the grid frame 14 can be fixed in the condensate removal system 2 box through the frame groove 15. The position of the grid frame 14 in the box can be flexibly controlled according to the size of the ceramic artifact. However, at this time, it is still necessary to ensure that the connection strength between the detachable material and the body of the exposed ceramic artifact remains unchanged or is strengthened during hot air drying. Specifically, the detachable material can be reinforced with a solidifying material, and / or the exposed ceramic artifact can be soaked in a salt solution with the same liquid concentration as the environment in which the detachable material was located before excavation, so as to maintain the connection strength between the detachable material and the body of the exposed ceramic artifact. Alternatively, the connection strength between the detachable material and the body of the exposed ceramic artifact can be strengthened by reinforcing with a solidifying material and then removing (or reducing) salt with deionized water, followed by hot air removal of the condensate. Alternatively, the connection strength between the easily detachable material and the body of the expelled ceramic artifact can be controlled by removing (or reducing) salt through a gradient brine solution with a concentration lower than that of the easily detachable material.

[0077] Placing ceramic artifacts on the fixed grid frame 14 ensures they do not contact the bottom of the operating box 90 while bringing them closer to the electrically heated thermostatic blower 92 above the box. Of course, the presence of the grid frame 14 creates partitions within the operating box 90. Immersion cleaning or ultrasonic vibration below the grid frame 14 can be performed simultaneously with the blower treatment above. The specific method can be chosen based on the number and condition of the artifacts; this invention does not impose any limitations on this.

[0078] In an alternative implementation, the salt solution is selected as a saline solution with a salt concentration lower than the concentration gradient of the liquid environment before the artifact was removed from the water. In this case, there is no need for deionized water soaking and cleaning, or for air blowing by a constant-temperature blower 92. Using a salt solution with a concentration gradient for soaking and desalination effectively avoids detachment caused by drastic changes in the osmotic pressure of the external environment. The initial salt solution concentration is slightly lower than or equal to the concentration of the environmental solution before the artifact is removed from the water. The concentration of the subsequent salt solutions gradually decreases until deionized water is used. The artifact is allowed to stand in the current salt concentration solution for at least 24 hours before being replaced with a lower concentration salt solution. The specific soaking time is based on the principle of achieving a stable internal state for the artifact.

[0079] In a preferred embodiment, an ultrasonic oscillator 13 is also provided in the area corresponding to the salt solution at the bottom of the operating box 90. The ultrasonic oscillator 13 is used to perform ultrasonic oscillation cleaning on ceramic artifacts to improve the initial cleaning efficiency and degree of initial cleaning of ceramic artifacts.

[0080] In a preferred embodiment, the rack 15 can move up and down relative to the operating box 90 to drive the grid rack 14 to move relative to the operating box 90, thereby meeting the needs of different ceramic artifacts and different preliminary removal.

[0081] In a preferred embodiment, the bottom of the operation box 90 is provided with a drain outlet 10 for discharging the salt solution from the operation box 90.

[0082] In a preferred embodiment, casters are provided at the bottom of the control box 90 to facilitate the movement of the control box 90 by the operator and to better adapt to the complex environment of the archaeological site.

[0083] In a preferred embodiment, a box door 18 is provided on the side wall of the control box 90. The box door 18 is pivotally connected to the control box 90 and is openable and closed, so as to facilitate the operator to enter the hollow cavity of the control box 90 through the box door 18 to perform operations.

[0084] Please continue reading. Figure 3 The artifact surface cleaning system 3 is used to enzymatically remove condensate from the effluent ceramic artifacts. The artifact surface cleaning system 3 includes a cleaning cover 93, a humidity controller 19, a constant temperature heater 20, an enzyme-loaded active gel pad 21, and a deoxygenation device 28. The humidity controller 19 and the constant temperature heater 20 are mounted on the cleaning cover 93, which can be flipped over to cover the operating chamber 90, allowing the humidity controller 19, the constant temperature heater 20, and the deoxygenation device 28 to operate within the operating chamber 90. The bioactive gel pad 21 is used to adhere to the condensate area of ​​the ceramic artifact and soften and dissolve the residue in the condensate area.

[0085] When enzymatic removal of condensate from the surface of the ceramic artifact is required, after initial removal of condensate from the artifact's surface, an enzyme-loaded active gel pad 21 is applied to the condensate area on the ceramic artifact's surface to further release and dissolve residual bio-adhesive and microbial corrosive substances in the bonding area. Simultaneously, the humidity controller 19 and the constant temperature heater 20 are turned on to maintain the optimal temperature and humidity environment within the operating chamber 90 for the enzyme in the enzyme-loaded active gel pad 21. To ensure sufficient contact and reaction between the targeted enzyme-loaded active gel pad and the condensate on the artifact's surface, the enzyme-loaded active gel pad 21 is left on the ceramic artifact's surface for at least 24 hours before being removed. The bonding surface of the artifact is then visually inspected. If condensate is present, the enzyme-loaded active gel pad 21 is continued to be applied; if no condensate is visible to the naked eye, the artifact is cleaned using the condensate removal system 2. Specifically, a salt solution is added to the operating chamber 90, and the ceramic artifact is cleaned using an ultrasonic vibrator 13.

[0086] In a preferred embodiment, when the easily detachable area of ​​the ceramic artifact overlaps with the area of ​​the deposited material, the artifact is first placed on the artifact surface cleaning system 3 for surface cleaning. For enzyme removal of the deposited area, a multi-enzyme-loaded material is used instead of a gel. This reduces the viscosity of the gel on the corroded layer and the potential damage to the easily detachable layer, while also allowing it to more effectively penetrate and adhere to the inner surface of the deposited material. After cleaning, a pre-reinforced cover plate 6 is used for surface pre-reinforcement before proceeding to the next cleaning step.

[0087] In another preferred embodiment, the cleaning cover 93 can be selectively sealed to the operating box 90, and the artifact surface cleaning system 3 includes an oxygen removal device 28 for removing oxygen from the operating box 90 to meet the anaerobic environment requirements of some microorganisms in the partially enzyme-loaded active gel pad 21.

[0088] Please continue reading. Figure 3 The artifact surface inspection system 4 is used to detect condensate to determine whether the condensate on the expelled ceramic artifact has been completely removed. The artifact surface inspection system 4 includes a detection chamber 94, an ultraviolet light source 23, an optical microscope 24, a fluorescence microscope 25, and a display 26. The display 26 is electrically connected to the optical microscope 24 and the fluorescence microscope 25 to display images. The ultraviolet light source 23, the optical microscope 24, and the fluorescence microscope 25 are housed within the cavity of the detection chamber 94, which has a hollow structure. The optical microscope 24 and the fluorescence microscope 25 are mounted on the inner wall of the detection chamber 94, and the ultraviolet light source 23 is mounted on the opposite inner wall of the fluorescence microscope 25. The detection chamber 94 also has space to accommodate the ceramic artifact, facilitating monitoring of the ceramic artifact by the fluorescence microscope 25 and the optical microscope 24.

[0089] When it is necessary to determine whether the condensate on the expelled ceramic artifact has been completely removed, the ceramic artifact after enzymatic removal is placed in the artifact surface detection system 4. The ultraviolet light source 23 is turned on, and the artifact is placed under the optical microscope 24 to observe whether there are fluorescent areas. During this process, the ultraviolet light source 23 is continuously turned on and off for observation. Subsequently, the ultraviolet light source 23 is turned off, and the artifact is placed under the fluorescence microscope 25 to observe whether there are fluorescent areas under excitation light of other wavelengths. This continues until it is determined that there is no fluorescence reaction under both the optical microscope 24 and the fluorescence microscope 25, at which point the artifact condensate cleaning is considered complete. If fluorescence is still found on the surface of the artifact under either microscope, it is placed back into the condensate removal system 2 and the artifact surface cleaning system 3 to continue preliminary removal and enzymatic removal, and the cycle is repeated until the condensate is completely removed.

[0090] In a preferred embodiment, the detection box 94 is provided with casters at the bottom to facilitate the movement of the detection box 94 by the operator and to better adapt to the complex environment of the archaeological site.

[0091] In a preferred embodiment, the detection box 94 and the operation box 90 are connected by a connecting pairing bolt 17, so that the detection box 94 and the operation box 90 are connected as a whole, which is convenient for operators to operate.

[0092] In a preferred embodiment, a switch door 27 is provided on the top of the testing box 94 to facilitate the operator to open or close the testing box 94 and to place and retrieve ceramic artifacts.

[0093] Please continue reading. Figure 3 The solid material removal system 5 includes a solid material removal instrument 96, which is preferably configured as a constant temperature blower 92. The constant temperature blower 92 can blow hot air that is higher than the volatilization temperature of the solid material to remove the solid material from the ceramic artifact and dry the ceramic artifact.

[0094] In a preferred embodiment, the constant temperature blower 92 is an adjustable temperature blower capable of blowing hot air at a specified temperature. The same constant temperature blower 92 is used in both the solid material removal device 96 and the condensate removal system 2. When the constant temperature blower 92 is used in the condensate removal system 2, it blows air at a temperature not exceeding the melting temperature of the solid material, thus drying the surface of the ceramic artifact while preventing the solid material from evaporating. The preferred blowing temperature in this case is 35°C-65°C. When the constant temperature blower 92 is used in the solid material removal system 5, it blows air above the evaporation temperature of the solid material, causing the solid material on the surface of the ceramic artifact to evaporate. The preferred blowing temperature in this case is above 65°C.

[0095] When it is necessary to remove the solidified material on the ceramic artifact, the ceramic artifact is placed in the operating box 90 to remove the applied temporary solidified material and dry it. The selected drying temperature needs to be higher than the volatilization temperature of the solidified material. After the ceramic artifact is completely dry and the temporary solidified material on the surface has completely volatilized, it is taken out to complete the entire process of removing and testing the condensate on the surface of the artifact. Example 2

[0096] This embodiment mainly provides a method for reinforcing easily detachable parts of underwater ceramic artifacts containing easily detachable areas, which mainly includes the following steps.

[0097] Step X: Soak the water-exposed ceramic artifacts at least partially with salt solutions of varying concentrations to remove salt ions that are easily detached;

[0098] Or:

[0099] Process C: The process of reinforcing the easily detachable parts of the recovered ceramic artifacts with temporary solidification materials;

[0100] Process B: A process of removing salt ions from easily detachable ceramic artifacts by soaking them in at least part of the water with deionized water.

[0101] The inventors creatively discovered that the reasons why the glaze and overglaze decoration on the surface of ceramic artifacts are prone to detachment during soaking and cleaning in deionized water include: the glaze and overglaze decoration are not tightly bonded to the body and matrix; during long-term immersion in seawater, salt enters the interface between the glaze and overglaze decoration and the body and matrix, precipitating crystals; and the recovered ceramic artifacts achieve a certain stable state in an environment with a constant salt concentration. When the recovered ceramic artifacts are soaked in deionized water after being retrieved from the water, the difference in osmotic pressure between the external environment and the interface between the glaze and overglaze decoration and the body and matrix causes the crystals in the interface to dissolve rapidly, resulting in the glaze and overglaze decoration on the surface of the recovered ceramic artifacts loosening and detaching.

[0102] Meanwhile, the inventors also made a creative discovery during their research: although the immediate forced physical removal of bio-coagulations on the surface of underwater ceramic artifacts is not very effective, some of these bio-coagulations will automatically fall off under long-term dry and ventilated natural conditions. The adhesion of the bio-coagulations to the surface of the ceramic artifacts will be significantly weakened. At this point, physical removal methods such as ultrasonic vibration or high-pressure water rinsing can be used to remove them easily.

[0103] Based on this, the present invention proposes to provide a method for removing bio-condensate from underwater ceramic artifacts containing easily detachable areas, so as to remove the bio-condensate from the underwater ceramic artifacts while ensuring that the easily detachable material on the ceramic artifacts does not fall off, that is, while removing the bio-condensate, the connection strength between the underwater ceramic artifacts and the easily detachable material is ensured to not weaken.

[0104] To better understand the technical content of this invention, specific embodiments are provided below to further illustrate this invention. Example 3

[0105] Compared to Example 2, when the deposits and easily detachable materials do not overlap, the removal of bio-deposits from easily detachable overglaze artifacts mainly includes the following steps:

[0106] Step C: Use a solid material to fix the areas prone to detachment;

[0107] Process A: Removing biological deposits from the submerged ceramic artifacts;

[0108] Step B: Soak the ceramic artifacts in deionized water at least partially to remove salt ions from easily detached materials;

[0109] Process D: Remove solid material.

[0110] The following will provide a detailed explanation of each step.

[0111] Step C: Use a solid material to fix the areas that are prone to falling off.

[0112] The solid materials include menthol, cyclododecane, coumarin, or other solid materials, each with different volatilization temperatures. These can be flexibly varied according to the application scenario and requirements, and this invention does not impose any limitations on them. Of course, when selecting solid materials, it is necessary that the solid materials do not obstruct the free movement of salt ions in the easily detachable material, in order to prepare for the removal of salt ions in the easily detachable area in subsequent processes.

[0113] Meanwhile, hot water or ethanol is used to dissolve the sample in the pilot area to determine if dissolution occurs. If dissolution is found, a solid material is used for pre-reinforcement. If no dissolution is found, the pre-reinforcement step is skipped and the condensate is removed directly. In addition, no temporary solid material removal step is required in the later stage.

[0114] When using solidifying materials for fixation, easily detachable parts of the recovered ceramic artifacts can be reinforced by spraying or brushing. Specifically, when the area prone to detachment is small, a smaller brush head can be used, while when the area is large, a larger spray head should be selected.

[0115] Process A: Remove biological deposits from the unearthed ceramic artifacts.

[0116] The removal of biodegradation from underwater ceramic artifacts mainly includes the following steps:

[0117] Process A1: The unearthed ceramic artifacts are placed in a (simulated) natural environment to remove the bio-aggregates.

[0118] When simulating natural environments to remove biocrystals, at least hot air drying is involved. This involves continuous hot air drying using a constant-temperature blower to accelerate the bonding between the biocrystals and the surface of the submerged ceramic artifact. If the artifact surface is moist, the amount of biocrystals is small and intact, and the bonding with the surface is not tight, no other operations are necessary; hot air drying alone can effectively remove the biocrystals.

[0119] It is understood that either cold air or hot air can be used for the hot air drying step, and this application does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0120] Preferably, in order to better remove biocrystals, the biocrystals can be soaked in warm water before the hot air drying process. By repeating the soaking in deionized water and the hot air drying process, the biocrystals can be quickly peeled off.

[0121] Preferably, to better remove biocrystals, after the hot air drying process, a rinsing or agitation cleaning step can be performed. For rinsing, a water pump can be used to continuously rinse the biocrystals from the water-exposed ceramic artifacts, allowing them to be better removed under the action of rinsing. For agitation cleaning, an ultrasonic agitator can be used to agitate and clean the water-exposed ceramic artifacts, which can quickly remove the biocrystals.

[0122] During the cleaning process, operators can visually determine whether there are biological residues on the surface. If so, the cleaning cycle continues; if not, step A2 is performed.

[0123] A2: Then test whether there are biological residues on the water-exposed ceramic artifacts.

[0124] After completing step A1, the presence of biological residues on the ceramic artifacts can be detected using electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy. Specifically, the cleaned artifact is placed under an optical microscope, and an ultraviolet lamp is turned on to observe for any fluorescent areas. If no fluorescence is observed, the ultraviolet lamp is turned off. The artifact is then placed under a fluorescence microscope to observe for any fluorescent areas under excitation light of other wavelengths. If no fluorescence is observed under either microscope, the cleaning of the artifact's attachments is considered complete. If fluorescence is still found on the surface of the artifact under either microscope, step A3 is continued.

[0125] A3: If biological residues are present, the biological residues shall be removed by enzymatic hydrolysis; preferably, the detection is fluorescence detection.

[0126] Preferably, the targeted microorganisms in the enzymatic hydrolysis process exist in the form of a multi-enzyme-loaded gel. The enzyme-loaded active gel comprises a removal system consisting of multiple proteolytic enzymes, polysaccharide hydrolytic enzymes, chitosanase, lipase, and other multi-enzyme complexes, which are immobilized through encapsulation and cross-linking. Organic acids promote the entry of dissolved iron ions and low-valence sulfur into the gel under a concentration gradient, where they are oxidized by the microbial redox system. Meanwhile, dissolved metal ions such as iron, lead, calcium, and magnesium are adsorbed and fixed on the immobilized microbial surface, thereby disrupting the chemical reaction equilibrium and promoting the dissolution of insoluble calcium and magnesium deposits and iron-containing deposits, which then enter the gel for adsorption and removal. This achieves the removal of bioclots.

[0127] By employing a multi-enzyme-loaded gel system, the contact time between the gel and the corrosive substances on the artifact surface is increased, promoting the decorrosion removal rate and mitigating the impact of the material on other areas due to its penetration. When the easily detachable areas of the recovered ceramic artifact overlap with the areas of concretion, a multi-enzyme-loaded material is used instead of a gel. This reduces the viscosity of the gel on the corrosive layer and the potential damage it may cause to the easily detachable layer.

[0128] After a certain period of time, such as 24 hours, the effluent organisms are observed through step A2 to determine whether biocrystals are present. If not, the removal of biocrystals is complete; if present, the biocrystals are removed by enzymes.

[0129] Step B: Soak the ceramic artifacts in deionized water at least partially to remove salt ions from easily detached materials.

[0130] Since the easily detachable materials have been fixed by solid materials, the use of deionized water at this time makes the external environment of the unearthed ceramic artifacts different from the osmotic pressure of the interface between the glaze and the body and matrix. This allows the salt crystals of the easily detachable materials to dissolve rapidly, thereby strengthening the connection between the easily detachable artifacts and the unearthed ceramic artifacts.

[0131] It's understandable that placing process B after processes A and C has a specific significance: during the removal of biocoagulants, the removal materials used may precipitate salts. If process B is performed first, the operation needs to be repeated, which is not conducive to improving efficiency. For example, when using enzymes for removal, some enzymes will precipitate salts. If process B is performed first, new salts will be generated after the enzymes are finished, requiring further removal, i.e., performing process B again at this point.

[0132] Process D: Remove solid material.

[0133] There are various methods in the existing technology for removing solid materials, which will not be elaborated here.

[0134] In this invention, the solid materials are preferably removed by increasing the temperature of the recovered ceramic artifacts to volatilize them. This minimizes the impact on the recovered ceramic artifacts during the solid material removal process and improves the quality of artifact restoration.

[0135] In a preferred embodiment, the operating temperature of step B is lower than the melting temperature of the solidification material, the operating temperature of step C is higher than the melting temperature of the solidification material but lower than its volatilization temperature, and the operating temperature of step D is higher than its volatilization temperature. This effectively utilizes the solidification material for fixation. By limiting the operating temperature of each step, the solidification material can be effectively fixed in areas prone to detachment, while also allowing for effective removal, thus minimizing damage to the artifact from detachable materials.

[0136] The advantage of this embodiment is that it can significantly improve the speed and quality of restoration of underwater ceramic artifacts, and the process is safe and will not damage the artifacts. Example 4

[0137] This embodiment mainly addresses the removal of bio-coagulated material when the coagulated material and easily detachable material do not overlap, and mainly includes the following steps:

[0138] Process A: The process of removing biological deposits from the unearthed ceramic artifacts.

[0139] The specific operations for steps A and B are the same as in Example 3, and will not be repeated here. However, it should be noted that for all solutions that may come into contact with easily detachable materials of the unearthed ceramic artifacts in step A, the solution must be set to the same concentration as the original environment of the unearthed ceramic artifacts before excavation.

[0140] For example, in the steps of soaking in warm water, rinsing, or shaking to clean, the concentration of salt ions in the liquid used must be the same as the concentration in the original environment before excavation, so as to avoid secondary damage to the ceramic artifacts that have been unearthed.

[0141] Process B: A process of at least partially soaking the ceramic artifacts to remove salt ions from easily detachable materials.

[0142] The specific operation of step B is the same as in Example 3, and will not be repeated here. The difference is that a gradient concentration salt solution is used instead of deionized water. By using a salt solution with a concentration gradient for immersion and desalination, the detachment phenomenon caused by drastic changes in the osmotic pressure of the external environment can be effectively avoided.

[0143] In practice, the initial concentration of the saline solution used is slightly lower than the concentration of the environmental solution before the artifact is removed from the water. The concentration of the saline solution used subsequently is gradually reduced until deionized water is used. The artifact is kept in the current salt concentration solution for at least 24 hours before being replaced with a lower concentration saline solution. The specific soaking time is based on the principle of ensuring that the artifact is in a stable state inside.

[0144] The advantage of using this embodiment is that although the entire removal cycle is relatively long, the removal process is relatively stable and can better protect the ceramic artifacts that have been brought out of the water. Example 5

[0145] This embodiment mainly addresses the situation where condensate and easily detachable substances overlap, and its main removal steps are as follows:

[0146] Process A: The process of removing biological deposits from the submerged ceramic artifacts;

[0147] The specific operation of process A is the same as in Example 1, and will not be repeated here. However, it should be noted that for all solutions that may come into contact with the easily detachable parts of the ceramic artifacts recovered from the water in process A, the solution must be set to the same concentration as the salt ions in the easily detachable parts of the ceramic artifacts recovered from the water.

[0148] For detecting the salt ion concentration in easily detachable materials, it is preferable to first soak the material using the concentration of the effluent solution to quickly obtain the salt ion concentration within the material.

[0149] For example, in the steps of soaking in warm water, rinsing, or shaking to clean, the concentration of salt ions in the liquid used must be the same as the concentration of salt ions in the easily detachable material to avoid secondary damage to the ceramic artifacts after they come out of the water.

[0150] Process C: The process of reinforcing the easily detachable parts of the recovered ceramic artifacts with temporary solidification materials;

[0151] Process B: A process of at least partially soaking the ceramic artifacts to remove salt ions from easily detachable materials.

[0152] The specific operations for processes B and C are the same as in Example 1, and will not be repeated here.

[0153] The above provides a detailed description of the present invention. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope based on the ideas of the present invention. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

[0154] Throughout this specification, the terms "an embodiment," "embodiment," or "specific embodiment" refer to a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment that is included in at least one embodiment of the invention, but not necessarily in all embodiments. Therefore, the various representations of the phrases "in one embodiment," "in an embodiment," or "in a specific embodiment" in different places throughout the specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, a particular feature, structure, or characteristic of any specific embodiment of the invention can be combined with one or more other embodiments in any suitable manner. It should be understood that other variations and modifications of the embodiments of the invention described and illustrated herein may be based on the teachings herein and will be considered part of the spirit and scope of the invention.

[0155] It should also be understood that one or more of the elements shown in the figures may be implemented in a more separate or more integrated manner, or may even be removed because they are inoperable in certain circumstances or provided because they may be useful for a particular application.

[0156] Furthermore, unless otherwise expressly stated, any arrows in the accompanying drawings should be considered illustrative only and not limiting. Additionally, unless otherwise stated, the term "or" as used herein is generally intended to mean "and / or". Where a term is anticipated to provide a separation or combination capability that is unclear, a combination of components or steps will also be considered as indicated.

Claims

1. A device for removing biological deposits from underwater ceramic artifacts, wherein the underwater ceramic artifact comprises pre-fixed, easily detachable material and deposits attached to the artifact, characterized in that, The system includes a condensate removal system, comprising an operating chamber and a constant-temperature blower. The operating chamber is a hollow cavity with an open top to accommodate the submerged ceramic artifact. The inner part of the hollow cavity contains a salt solution to maintain or strengthen the bond between the detachable material and the submerged ceramic artifact during condensate removal. The constant-temperature blower is used to dry the condensate after it has been soaked in the salt solution, thereby detaching the condensate. The salt precipitation solution is a gradient salt solution with a salt concentration not higher than that of the environmental solution before the unearthed ceramic artifact.

2. The device for removing biological condensates from underwater ceramic artifacts according to claim 1, characterized in that, The condensate removal system also includes a constant temperature heater, which is located in the area of ​​the operating box containing the salt precipitate solution to maintain the salt precipitate solution at a set temperature.

3. The device for removing biological condensates from effluent ceramic artifacts according to claim 2, characterized in that, It also includes ultrasonic vibrators and water flushing machines, among which The ultrasonic oscillator is set in the area of ​​the operating box containing the salt solution and is used to oscillate and clean the water-exposed ceramic artifacts. The water pump rinsing machine is connected to the salt precipitate solution and is used to pressurize and spray the salt precipitate solution onto the surface of the ceramic artifact to at least determine whether shaking cleaning is required.

4. The device for removing biological condensates from underwater ceramic artifacts according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The condensate removal system includes a blower cover plate, which is selectively closed and connected to the control box. The constant temperature blower is located on the side of the blower cover plate facing the hollow cavity after the control box is closed.

5. The device for removing biological condensates from underwater ceramic artifacts according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, It also includes a pre-reinforcement system for securing the easily detachable material to the surface of the artifact using a solidifying material, thereby maintaining at least the connection strength between the easily detachable material and the body of the recovered ceramic artifact during the removal of the deposits. The surface pre-reinforcement system for cultural relics includes a solid material melting box and a spraying device. The solid material melting box is used to keep the solid material in a liquid state, and the spraying device is connected to the solid material melting box to spray the solid material to strengthen the connection between the easily detachable material and the body of the water-exposed ceramic cultural relic.

6. The device for removing biological condensates from underwater ceramic artifacts according to claim 5, characterized in that, It also includes a solid material removal system for removing the loose material and the solid material from the surface of the water-exposed ceramic artifact. The solid material is a material that will not damage the surface of the artifact during removal and will not affect the movement of salt ions.

7. The device for removing biological condensates from underwater ceramic artifacts according to claim 6, characterized in that, The solid material is at least one of menthol, cyclododecane, or coumarin.

8. The device for removing biological condensates from underwater ceramic artifacts according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, It also includes a surface cleaning system for artifacts for enzymatic removal of the condensate, wherein The artifact surface cleaning system includes a humidity control machine for controlling the hollow cavity to a set humidity level suitable for enzyme survival and a constant temperature heating machine for controlling the hollow cavity to a set temperature suitable for enzyme survival.

9. The device for removing biological condensates from underwater ceramic artifacts according to claim 8, characterized in that, The artifact surface cleaning system also includes an oxygen removal device for removing oxygen from the hollow cavity to allow for enzyme survival.

10. The device for removing biological concretions from underwater ceramic artifacts according to claim 8, characterized in that, The artifact surface cleaning system also includes a bioactive enzyme-carrying gel pad, or a bioactive single enzyme solution or a bioactive multi-enzyme solution.

11. The device for removing biological condensates from underwater ceramic artifacts according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, It also includes a surface inspection system for detecting the concretions on artifacts. The artifact surface inspection system includes an inspection box, an ultraviolet light source, an optical microscope, a fluorescence microscope, and a display. The display is electrically connected to the optical microscope and the fluorescence microscope for displaying images. The optical microscope and the fluorescence microscope are mounted on the inner wall of the detection chamber, and the ultraviolet light source is located on the opposite side of the fluorescence microscope.

12. A method for removing biological coagulation from effluent ceramic artifacts using a device according to any one of claims 1-11, characterized in that, The removal method includes: Step A: The process of removing biological deposits from the unearthed ceramic artifacts; Step B: Soaking and desalinating the easily detachable parts on the unearthed ceramic artifacts; Alternatively, it may include step C: a process of reinforcing easily detachable areas of the recovered ceramic artifacts using temporary solidification materials; wherein... Step B is set after steps A and C, and the order of steps A and C is adjustable. Step A will not reduce the connection strength between the water-exposed ceramic artifact and the easily detachable object.

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