A method for significantly increasing the yield of thick-skinned melon

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for significantly increasing the yield of muskmelon, including the steps of seedling raising, land preparation and ridge making, field planting, plant adjustment, field management and the like. The present invention doubles the yield of muskmelon by innovating the cultivation mode, base fertilizer ratio scheme, plant adjustment method and the like, significantly solves the practical problem of low yield, and prolongs the supply period of muskmelon fruit, thus achieving the purpose of increasing agricultural efficiency and farmers' income. The method of the present invention adopts a "vertical + horizontal" multi-directional three-dimensional cultivation mode, efficiently applies resources such as temperature, light, water, fertilizer, and land, conforms to the development trend of efficient agriculture, and maximizes the value of land. Compared with the existing method, the method has the advantages of significantly increasing the yield of muskmelon, prolonging the supply period of muskmelon fruit, improving the quality of muskmelon, reducing the application of pesticides and fertilizers, etc., better utilizing the land, protecting the ecological environment, and ensuring food safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a method for greatly increasing the yield of thick-skinned melons, and belongs to the technical field of vegetable cultivation. Background Art

[0002] Muskmelon (Cucumis meloL), also known as cantaloupe and honeydew melon, belongs to the genus Cucurbitaceae, an annual vine herb. Its fruit is fragrant and sweet, and contains a large amount of sugar, vitamins, organic acids and minerals needed by the human body. It is mainly eaten fresh, and can also be made into dried fruit and preserved fruit. It is a specialty fruit in my country and is deeply loved by consumers. Muskmelon variety resources are very rich, and there are various classification methods. According to ecological characteristics, my country usually divides melons into two ecological types: thick-skinned melons and thin-skinned melons. Thick-skinned melon plants have strong or medium growth potential, are not resistant to moisture, and require sufficient light and a large temperature difference between day and night. As a high-value-added economic crop, it has huge market potential.

[0003] At present, the cultivation methods of muskmelons, whether in the open field or in greenhouses, have the following shortcomings: the yield per unit area of ​​muskmelons is low, the yield per mu is low, the fruit supply period is relatively short, the dependence on chemical substances such as hormones, pesticides, and fertilizers is strong, and the fruit quality is relatively low. The conventional solution is to increase its yield by increasing the application of fertilizers and using hormones. Such a method will not only affect the taste of muskmelons and reduce their quality, but also has limited yield efficiency. On the other hand, measures such as fruit storage and preservation are currently usually adopted to extend the fruit supply period of muskmelons. Such a method will not only reduce the fruit quality, but also increase the cost. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for significantly increasing the yield of thick-skinned melons in view of the shortcomings of the methods for increasing the yield of thick-skinned melons and extending their supply period in the prior art. The method can achieve an exponential increase in the yield of thick-skinned melons, scientifically extend the fruit supply period, improve the fruit quality, and achieve the purpose of reducing the use of pesticides and fertilizers and not using hormones.

[0005] Technical Solution

[0006] A method for significantly increasing the yield of thick-skinned melons comprises the following steps:

[0007] (1) Seedling cultivation: Seedlings are cultivated in facilities in two batches, with an interval of 30-50 days between the first batch and the second batch;

[0008] (2) Land preparation and ridge making: After applying base fertilizer, land preparation and ridge making are carried out. The ridge height is 20-30 cm, the ridge width is 50-70 cm, and the ridge spacing is 50-70 cm.

[0009] (3) Planting: The first batch of seedlings are planted in a single row on the ridge, with the planting row 10-15 cm away from the center line of the ridge surface and in the same direction, with a spacing of 40-45 cm between plants; then the second batch of seedlings are planted on the ridge surface where the first batch of seedlings are located, 10-15 cm away from the center line of the ridge surface, parallel to the planting direction of the first batch of seedlings, 20-30 cm away from it, and the planting point is opposite to the midpoint of two adjacent plants of the first batch of seedlings;

[0010] (4) Plant adjustment: After the first batch of seedlings are planted, the plants are not hung with vines, so that they grow parallel to the ground in a direction perpendicular to the ridge; after the second batch of seedlings are planted, the plants are hung with vines, so that they grow perpendicular to the ground;

[0011] The present invention innovatively creates a "vertical + horizontal" multi-directional three-dimensional cultivation mode through two seedling raising and planting processes.

[0012] (5) Field management: Ensure that the temperature in the facility is not lower than 14°C and not higher than 36°C, and pay attention to water management, fertilizer management, and pest and disease control;

[0013] (6) Harvesting: Harvest in a timely manner to avoid harvesting unripe or overripe melons.

[0014] Furthermore, in step (1), if it is an early-maturing or medium-maturing variety, the second batch of seedlings is raised 30-40 days after the first batch of seedlings; if it is a medium-late maturing or late maturing variety, the second batch of seedlings is raised 40-50 days after the first batch of seedlings.

[0015] Furthermore, in step (2), the basal fertilizer application scheme is: 375.56 kg of rapeseed cake powder and 3004.50 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu; wherein the rapeseed cake powder is a powder obtained by directly crushing rapeseed cake without decomposing it.

[0016] Furthermore, in step (4), during the plant adjustment process, for the first batch of seedlings: the 1st to 3rd nodes, the sub-vines are removed as early as possible, and starting from the 4th node, the sub-vines that sprout at each node are pinched with one leaf, and the tops are cut at the 20th to 23rd nodes; the female flowers of the sub-vines at the 10th to 13th nodes are artificially pollinated after they open, and then one is selected from them for fruiting;

[0017] The second batch of seedlings: from nodes 1 to 9, remove the sub-vines as early as possible, from nodes 10 to 13, pinch off the sub-vines leaving one leaf on each node, top the sub-vines at nodes 25 to 28, and after the female flowers of the sub-vines at nodes 10 to 13 bloom, carry out artificial pollination, and select one fruit after it sets.

[0018] Furthermore, in step (5), the method of water management is as follows: watering is performed in time after the soil surface becomes dry during the vegetative growth period, watering is avoided as much as possible during the flowering period, watering is performed frequently during the fruiting period, and watering is not performed unless necessary after the fruit is set.

[0019] Further, in step (5), the method for fertilizer management is:

[0020] The first batch of seedlings: Before flowering, apply rapeseed cake powder once, with a dosage of 9.39 kg per mu. The method of use is to soak the rapeseed cake in water the night before, dilute it with water the next day, and evenly water it around each plant; during the fruit expansion period, apply rapeseed cake powder 1-2 times, with a dosage of 9.39 kg per mu each time.

[0021] The second batch of seedlings: Before flowering, apply rapeseed cake powder once, with a dosage of 9.39 kg per mu. The method is to soak the rapeseed cake in water the night before, dilute it with water the next day, and evenly water it around each plant; every 10-15 days, apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium triple compound fertilizer once, with a dosage of 9.39 kg per mu each time; during the fruit expansion period, apply rapeseed cake powder 1-2 times, with a dosage of 9.39 kg per mu each time, and apply macro-element water-soluble fertilizer 1-2 times, with a dosage of 9.39 kg per mu each time.

[0022] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0023] 1) The present invention provides a method for significantly increasing the yield of muskmelon. The method is suitable for open-field cultivation and facility cultivation. The method can double the yield per unit area and per mu of muskmelon, and the efficiency increase reaches about 100%, which well realizes agricultural efficiency increase and increased income for farmers.

[0024] 2) The present invention adopts a method of batch seedling raising and planting, which not only greatly increases the yield of thick-skinned melons, but also effectively extends the supply period of thick-skinned melons.

[0025] 3) The present invention innovatively adopts a "vertical + horizontal" multi-directional three-dimensional cultivation mode, which fully utilizes resources such as light and space, saves land resources, and increases yield. The scheme is also suitable for the cultivation of watermelons.

[0026] 4) The present invention greatly reduces the use of chemical fertilizers, improves the fruit quality of musk melons, and the sugar content of the fruits is significantly higher than that of fruits cultivated by conventional methods, with an average increase of more than 10%.

[0027] 5) The method of the present invention is environmentally friendly, reduces the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, does not require the use of hormones, and is conducive to the creation of "green mountains and clear waters". DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments. These embodiments should not be construed as limiting the technical solution.

[0029] Example 1

[0030] Implementation location: Sunlight greenhouse of Wangyuan Vegetable Base, Huai'an City;

[0031] Implementation period: January 2023 - June 2023;

[0032] Experimental variety: Haimi No. 10.

[0033] A method for significantly increasing the yield of thick-skinned melons comprises the following steps:

[0034] (1) Seedling cultivation: Seedlings will be cultivated in facilities in two batches. The first batch of seedling cultivation will be carried out on January 30, 2023, and the second batch of seedling cultivation will be carried out on March 11, 2023. During the seedling stage, appropriate temperature, light, water, fertilizer, etc. will be provided according to the age of the seedlings;

[0035] (2) Land preparation and ridge making: Apply basal fertilizer, 375.56 kg of rapeseed cake powder and 3004.50 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer (seaweed soybean meal microbial fertilizer) per mu; rapeseed cake powder is the powdery material of rapeseed cake that is directly crushed without being decomposed; then prepare the land and make ridges, with a ridge height of 25 cm, a ridge width of 55 cm, a ridge spacing of 65 cm, and a distance of 120 cm between the center points of two adjacent ridges;

[0036] (3) Planting: The first batch of seedlings will be planted on March 1, 2023, in a single row on the bed, with a spacing of 13 cm from the center line of the bed surface and in the same direction, with a spacing of 40 cm between plants; the second batch of seedlings will be planted on April 7, 2023, on the bed surface where the first batch of seedlings are located, 13 cm from the center line of the bed surface on the other side, parallel to the planting direction of the first batch of seedlings, 26 cm away from it, and the planting point is opposite to the midpoint of two adjacent plants of the first batch of seedlings;

[0037] (4) Plant adjustment: After the first batch of seedlings are planted, the plants are not hung to allow them to grow parallel to the ground in a direction perpendicular to the ridge; the sub-vines of the 1st to 3rd nodes are removed as early as possible, and starting from the 4th node, the sub-vines that sprout at each node are pinched with one leaf, and the tops are cut at the 20th to 23rd nodes; after the female flowers of the sub-vines of the 10th to 13th nodes open, they are artificially pollinated, and then one is selected for fruit selection;

[0038] After the second batch of seedlings are planted, they are hung to grow vertically on the ground. At nodes 1-9, the sub-vines are removed early. At nodes 10-13, the sub-vines are pinched with one leaf left on each node. At nodes 25-28, the tops are cut. After the female flowers of the sub-vines at nodes 10-13 open, they are artificially pollinated. After the fruit is set, one fruit is selected.

[0039] (5) Field management: Ensure that the temperature in the facility is not lower than 14°C and not higher than 36°C, and pay attention to water management, fertilizer management, and pest and disease control;

[0040] Water management method: water in time when the soil surface is dry during the vegetative growth period, try not to water during the flowering period, water frequently during the fruiting period, and do not water unless necessary after the fruit is set;

[0041] Fertilizer management method: The first batch of seedlings: before flowering, apply rapeseed cake powder once, with a dosage of 9.39 kg per mu. The method is to soak the rapeseed cake in water the night before, dilute it with water the next day, and evenly water it around each plant; during the fruit expansion period, apply rapeseed cake powder once, with a dosage of 9.39 kg per mu each time; The second batch of seedlings: before flowering, apply rapeseed cake powder once, with a dosage of 9.39 kg per mu. The method is to soak the rapeseed cake in water the night before, dilute it with water the next day, and evenly water it around each plant; every 10-15 days, apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium triple compound fertilizer once, with a dosage of 9.39 kg per mu each time; during the fruit expansion period, apply rapeseed cake powder twice, with a dosage of 9.39 kg per mu each time, and apply a large amount of water-soluble fertilizer (Yipunong) once, with a dosage of 9.39 kg per mu each time.

[0042] Pest and disease control: Prevent insects through insect-proof nets, yellow-blue boards, high-temperature greenhouses before planting, etc., and prevent diseases through timely ventilation and adjustment of environmental temperature and humidity.

[0043] (6) Harvesting: Harvest in time to avoid harvesting unripe or overripe melons. In order to facilitate the judgment of whether the fruit is ripe, use the wool marking method during flowering and pollination. Specifically, from Monday to Sunday, tie red, yellow, green, blue, purple, black, and white wool around the melons; use a single thread in the first week, two threads in the second week, three threads in the third week, and so on. Record the time when each batch of melons begins pollination, and judge its pollination time based on the color and number of wool threads in front of the melons, and judge whether it is ripe based on the fruit maturity period of the variety.

[0044] Comparative Example 1

[0045] Implementation location: Sunlight greenhouse of Wangyuan Vegetable Base, Huai'an City;

[0046] Implementation period: January 2023 - June 2023;

[0047] Experimental variety: Haimi No. 10.

[0048] The cultivation is carried out by conventional methods, comprising the following steps:

[0049] (1) Seedling cultivation: Seedling cultivation will start on January 30, 2023. During the seedling stage, appropriate temperature, light, water, fertilizer and other management measures will be provided according to the age of the seedlings.

[0050] (2) Land preparation and bed formation: Apply base fertilizer, 3004.50 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer (seaweed soybean meal microbial fertilizer), 50 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, and 11.27 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per mu, and then prepare the land and form beds. The bed height is 25 cm, the bed width is 55 cm, the bed spacing is 65 cm, and the distance between the center points of two adjacent beds is 120 cm.

[0051] (3) Planting: Plant on March 1, 2023, in a single row on the center line of the bed, with a spacing of 40 cm between plants.

[0052] (4) Plant adjustment: For hanging vine cultivation, remove the sub-vines as early as possible from nodes 1 to 9, pinch off the top of each sub-vine at nodes 10 to 13, and top the sub-vine at nodes 25 to 28. After the female flowers of the sub-vines at nodes 10 to 13 bloom, carry out artificial pollination, and select one fruit after it sets.

[0053] (5) Field management: Provide appropriate temperature and light management according to the growth stage of the plant; water the plant accordingly; apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer once every 10-15 days, with an application rate of 25 kg per mu each time.

[0054] Pest and disease control: detect early and use appropriate pesticides early.

[0055] (6) Harvest in time.

[0056] Comparative Example 2

[0057] Implementation location: Sunlight greenhouse of Wangyuan Vegetable Base, Huai'an City;

[0058] Implementation period: January 2023 - June 2023;

[0059] Experimental variety: Haimi No. 10.

[0060] The cultivation method comprises the following steps:

[0061] (1) Seedling cultivation: Seedling cultivation will start on January 30, 2023. During the seedling stage, appropriate temperature, light, water, fertilizer and other management measures will be provided according to the age of the seedlings.

[0062] (2) Land preparation and ridge making: Apply basal fertilizer, 375.56 kg of rapeseed cake powder and 3004.50 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer (seaweed soybean meal microbial fertilizer) per mu; rapeseed cake powder is the powdery material of rapeseed cake that is directly crushed without being decomposed; then prepare the land and make ridges, with a ridge height of 25 cm, a ridge width of 55 cm, a ridge spacing of 65 cm, and a distance of 120 cm between the center points of two adjacent ridges;

[0063] (3) Planting: Planting was carried out on March 1, 2023, at the two sides of the bed 13 cm away from the center line, with a plant spacing of 40 cm. The two planting rows on each bed were 26 cm apart, and the planting point of one planting row was opposite to the middle point of two adjacent plants in the other row;

[0064] (4) Plant adjustment: There are two planting rows on each bed, and the plants in one of the planting rows are not hung, so that they grow parallel to the ground in a direction perpendicular to the bed; the sub-vines of the 1st to 3rd nodes are removed as early as possible, and starting from the 4th node, the sub-vines that sprout at each node are pinched with one leaf, and the tops are cut at the 20th to 23rd nodes; after the female flowers of the sub-vines of the 10th to 13th nodes bloom, they are artificially pollinated, and then one is selected for fruiting;

[0065] Another planting row is planted with hanging vines to make them grow vertically on the ground; remove the sub-vines as early as possible from nodes 1 to 9, pinch off the top of each sub-vine at nodes 10 to 13, and top the vines at nodes 25 to 28. After the female flowers of the sub-vines at nodes 10 to 13 open, artificial pollination is carried out, and one fruit is selected after it sets;

[0066] The plant adjustment method for each planting row is to alternate between not hanging vines and hanging vines.

[0067] (5) Field management: Ensure that the temperature in the facility is not lower than 14°C and not higher than 36°C, and pay attention to water management, fertilizer management, and pest and disease control;

[0068] Water management method: water in time when the soil surface is dry during the vegetative growth period, try not to water during the flowering period, water frequently during the fruiting period, and do not water unless necessary after the fruit is set;

[0069] Fertilizer management method: Before flowering, apply rapeseed cake powder twice, each time with a dosage of 9.39 kg per mu. The method is to soak the rapeseed cake in water the night before, dilute it with water the next day, and evenly water it around each plant; every 10-15 days, apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium triple compound fertilizer once, each time with a dosage of 9.39 kg per mu; during the fruit expansion period, apply rapeseed cake powder three times, each time with a dosage of 9.39 kg per mu, and apply macro-element water-soluble fertilizer (Yipunong) once, each time with a dosage of 9.39 kg per mu.

[0070] Pest and disease control: Prevent insects through insect-proof nets, yellow-blue boards, high-temperature greenhouses before planting, etc., and prevent diseases through timely ventilation and adjustment of environmental temperature and humidity.

[0071] (6) Harvesting: Harvest in time to avoid harvesting unripe or overripe melons. In order to facilitate the judgment of whether the fruit is ripe, use the wool marking method during flowering and pollination. Specifically, from Monday to Sunday, tie red, yellow, green, blue, purple, black, and white wool around the melons; use a single thread in the first week, two threads in the second week, three threads in the third week, and so on. Record the time when each batch of melons begins pollination, and judge its pollination time based on the color and number of wool threads in front of the melons, and judge whether it is ripe based on the fruit maturity period of the variety.

[0072] The single plant yield, fruit sugar content, unit area yield, per mu yield, flowering and pollination period, fruit harvest period, fruit supply period, etc. of Example 1, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 were statistically analyzed, and the results are shown in the following table:

[0073] Table 1: Yield and quality of thick-skinned melons in Example 1, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2

[0074]

[0075] Note: Duncan's variance analysis was performed using SAS software, p<0.05.

[0076] As can be seen from Table 1, the yield per unit area and per mu of the cultivation method of Example 1 of the present invention are significantly higher than those of Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 of the conventional method. Among them, the yield per unit area and per mu of the method of Example 1 of the present invention are 2.0 times that of Comparative Example 1 of the conventional method, an increase of about 101% compared with Comparative Example 1 of the conventional method; and 1.4 times that of Comparative Example 2, an increase of about 36% compared with Comparative Example 2.

[0077] The sugar content of the fruit cultivated by the method of Example 1 of the present invention is significantly higher than that of the non-hanging vine plants of the conventional method comparative example 1 and comparative example 2. The average increase is about 11% compared with the conventional method comparative example 1, and the average increase is about 77% compared with the non-hanging vine plants of comparative example 2.

[0078] The yield per plant of the plants cultivated by the method of Example 1 of the present invention was significantly higher than that of the plants without hanging vines in Comparative Example 2, and the average increase was about 114% compared with the plants without hanging vines in Comparative Example 2.

[0079] Table 2 Supply-related information of muskmelon fruits in Example 1, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2

[0080]

[0081] As can be seen from Table 2, the fruit harvest period and fruit supply period of the cultivation method of Example 1 of the present invention are longer than those of the conventional method comparative examples 1 and 2, which are 2.0 times that of the conventional method comparative examples 1 and 2, and are extended by 1.0 times compared with the conventional method comparative examples 1 and 2.

Claims

1. A method for significantly increasing the yield of muskmelon, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) Seedling cultivation: Seedlings are cultivated in facilities in two batches, with an interval of 30-50 days between the first batch and the second batch; (2) Land preparation and ridge making: After applying base fertilizer, land preparation and ridge making are carried out. The ridge height is 20-30 cm, the ridge width is 50-70 cm, and the ridge spacing is 50-70 cm. (3) Planting: The first batch of seedlings are planted in a single row on the ridge, with the planting row 10-15 cm away from the center line of the ridge surface and in the same direction, with a spacing of 40-45 cm between plants; then the second batch of seedlings are planted on the ridge surface where the first batch of seedlings are located, 10-15 cm away from the center line of the ridge surface, parallel to the planting direction of the first batch of seedlings, 20-30 cm away from it, and the planting point is opposite to the midpoint of two adjacent plants of the first batch of seedlings; (4) Plant adjustment: After the first batch of seedlings are planted, the plants are not hung with vines, so that they grow parallel to the ground in a direction perpendicular to the ridge; after the second batch of seedlings are planted, the plants are hung with vines, so that they grow perpendicular to the ground; (5) Field management: Ensure that the temperature in the facility is not lower than 14°C and not higher than 36°C, and pay attention to water management, fertilizer management, and pest and disease control; (6) Harvesting: Harvest in time to avoid harvesting unripe or overripe melons; In step (4), during the plant adjustment process, for the first batch of seedlings: the 1st to 3rd nodes, the sub-vines are removed as early as possible, and starting from the 4th node, the sub-vines that sprout at each node are pinched with one leaf, and the tops are cut at the 20th to 23rd nodes; the female flowers of the sub-vines at the 10th to 13th nodes are artificially pollinated after they open, and then one is selected from them for fruiting; The second batch of seedlings: from nodes 1 to 9, remove the sub-vines as early as possible, from nodes 10 to 13, pinch off the sub-vines leaving one leaf on each node, top the sub-vines at nodes 25 to 28, and after the female flowers of the sub-vines at nodes 10 to 13 bloom, carry out artificial pollination, and select one fruit after it sets.

2. The method for significantly increasing the yield of muskmelon according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), if it is an early-maturing or medium-maturing variety, the second batch of seedlings is raised 30-40 days after the first batch of seedlings; if it is a medium-late maturing or late maturing variety, the second batch of seedlings is raised 40-50 days after the first batch of seedlings.

3. The method for significantly increasing the yield of muskmelon according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the scheme for applying base fertilizer is: applying 375.56 kg of rapeseed cake powder and 3004.50 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu; wherein the rapeseed cake powder is a powder obtained by directly crushing rapeseed cake without decomposing it.

4. The method for significantly increasing the yield of muskmelon as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step (5), the method of water management is as follows: water in time when the soil surface is dry during the vegetative growth period, try not to water during the flowering period, water frequently during the fruiting period, and do not water unless necessary after the fruit is set.

5. The method for significantly increasing the yield of muskmelon according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: In step (5), the method of fertilizer management is: The first batch of seedlings: before flowering, apply rapeseed cake powder once, with a dosage of 9.39 kg per mu. The method of use is to soak the rapeseed cake in water the night before, dilute it with water the next day, and evenly water it around each plant; during the fruit expansion period, apply rapeseed cake powder 1-2 times, with a dosage of 9.39 kg per mu each time; The second batch of seedlings: Before flowering, apply rapeseed cake powder once, with a dosage of 9.39 kg per mu. The method is to soak the rapeseed cake in water the night before, dilute it with water the next day, and evenly water it around each plant; every 10-15 days, apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium triple compound fertilizer once, with a dosage of 9.39 kg per mu each time; during the fruit expansion period, apply rapeseed cake powder 1-2 times, with a dosage of 9.39 kg per mu each time, and apply macro-element water-soluble fertilizer 1-2 times, with a dosage of 9.39 kg per mu each time.

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