A multi-layer heterogeneous bulletproof energy-absorbing composite plate and a preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The application provides a multilayer heterogeneous bulletproof energy-absorbing composite board and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of protective materials. The application is characterized in that hard anti-penetration layers and ductile energy-absorbing buffer layers are alternately arranged and combined, and the hard anti-penetration layers are covered with surface constraint layers. The hard anti-penetration layers are ceramic hollow sphere aluminum-based porous composite boards, and the material of the ductile energy-absorbing buffer layers is mixed fiber reinforced resin-based composite boards or open-cell aluminum foam boards, which play the energy-absorbing and stress wave attenuating roles, and the surface constraint layers are short fiber resin-based composite materials (for preventing secondary fragment damage). In the multilayer heterogeneous bulletproof energy-absorbing composite board, the arrangement of the materials in each layer can be designed according to actual requirements, and the bulletproof, energy-absorbing and stress wave attenuating functions are simultaneously realized.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of protective materials, in particular to a multi-layer heterogeneous bulletproof energy-absorbing composite plate and a preparation method and application thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] In explosion, penetration and impact application scenarios, the intrusion of high-speed projectiles or fragments from the outside will damage the integrity of equipment and endanger personnel safety. With the continuous increase of projectile and fragment penetration speed (more than 1.5 km / s in some cases) and the increasingly stringent lightweight indicators, the research and development requirements for protective armor are also becoming higher and higher. The existing technology generally uses bulletproof ceramic and flexible anti-blast material composite, armor steel and flexible anti-blast material composite, ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite and flexible anti-blast material composite to prevent bullets and penetration, but there are problems such as high density, poor energy absorption capacity, easy to produce secondary fragment damage, limited multi-bullet performance, no stress wave attenuation capability, and complex preparation process of laminated composite structure. SUMMARY

[0003] The purpose of the present application is to provide a multi-layer heterogeneous bulletproof energy-absorbing composite plate and a preparation method and application thereof, which can simultaneously realize the functions of bulletproofing, energy absorption and stress wave attenuation.

[0004] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the application, the present application provides the following technical solutions:

[0005] The present application provides a multi-layer heterogeneous bulletproof energy-absorbing composite plate, comprising a surface constraint layer and an alternating structure layer arranged in layers;

[0006] The alternating structure layer comprises a hard anti-penetration layer and a ductile energy-absorbing buffer layer arranged in layers in turn; the surface constraint layer is in contact with the hard anti-penetration layer;

[0007] The surface constraint layer covers one side surface of the alternating structure layer; the other side of the alternating structure layer is a ductile energy-absorbing buffer layer;

[0008] The material of the surface constraint layer is a short-fiber resin-based composite material;

[0009] The material of the hard anti-penetration layer is a ceramic hollow sphere aluminum-based porous composite plate;

[0010] The material of the ductile energy-absorbing buffer layer is a mixed-fiber reinforced resin-based composite plate or an open-cell aluminum foam plate;

[0011] In the multi-layer heterogeneous bulletproof energy-absorbing composite plate, the density of the ceramic hollow sphere aluminum-based porous composite plate decreases from the top layer to the bottom layer.

[0012] Preferably, the short fiber resin-based composite material, the short fibers used include one or more of glass fibers, alumina fibers and basalt fibers; the length of the short fibers is 1-4 mm; the thickness of the surface constraint layer is 2-5 mm.

[0013] Preferably, the thickness of each layer of the hard anti-penetration layer is independently 5-15 mm.

[0014] Preferably, the density of the ceramic hollow sphere aluminum-based porous composite plate in the multi-layer heterogeneous bulletproof energy-absorbing composite plate from the top layer to the bottom layer is 2.3-2.5 g / cm 3 , 1.7-2.3 g / cm 3 and 1.4-1.7 g / cm 3 .

[0015] Preferably, the thickness of each layer of the tough energy-absorbing buffer layer is independently 2-15 mm.

[0016] Preferably, in the mixed fiber reinforced resin-based composite plate, the fiber material used includes one or more of aramid fiber, PBO fiber and ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fiber, and the weaving structure used includes plain weave, twill weave or satin weave.

[0017] Preferably, the density of the open-cell aluminum foam aluminum plate is 0.5-1.2 g / cm 3 .

[0018] The present application provides a preparation method of the multi-layer heterogeneous bulletproof energy-absorbing composite plate described in the above technical solution, comprising the following steps:

[0019] After the hard anti-penetration layer and the tough energy-absorbing buffer layer are bonded in an alternating layering order, the surface constraint layer is bonded on the surface of the hard anti-penetration layer, to obtain the multi-layer heterogeneous bulletproof energy-absorbing composite plate.

[0020] Preferably, the hard anti-penetration layer and the tough energy-absorbing buffer layer are bonded by a polyurethane adhesive; and the surface constraint layer is bonded by a vinyl ester resin adhesive.

[0021] The present application provides an application of the multi-layer heterogeneous bulletproof energy-absorbing composite plate described in the above technical solution or the multi-layer heterogeneous bulletproof energy-absorbing composite plate prepared by the preparation method described in the above technical solution in protective equipment.

[0022] The application provides a multi-layer heterogeneous bulletproof energy-absorbing composite board, which is combined by alternately arranging hard anti-penetration layers and flexible energy-absorbing buffer layers and covering the hard anti-penetration layers with a surface constraint layer; wherein the hard anti-penetration layer is a ceramic hollow sphere aluminum-based porous composite board material, compared with general ceramic boards and foam aluminum boards, the ceramic hollow sphere aluminum-based porous composite board material is used as the hard anti-penetration layer, and the ceramic hollow sphere aluminum-based porous composite board material has high hardness and high energy-absorbing efficiency, and can effectively disperse and absorb the kinetic energy of fragments; the material of the flexible energy-absorbing buffer layer is a mixed fiber reinforced resin-based composite board or a perforated aluminum foam board, the fiber and the resin are combined into a fiber reinforced resin-based composite material in the application, the fiber reinforced resin-based composite material has strong designability, such as physical properties of strength, rigidity, toughness and the like, and mechanical properties of tensile, compression and strong impact resistance in different directions; the perforated aluminum foam is a new type of high-strength light-weight composite material integrating structural materials and functional materials, and has high rigidity, low density and buffering and energy-absorbing characteristics, and has more excellent performance in protection against impact and collision; the surface constraint layer is a short fiber resin-based composite material, which can prevent secondary fragment damage. In the multi-layer heterogeneous bulletproof energy-absorbing composite board, the arrangement of each layer of material can be designed according to actual requirements, and the multi-layer heterogeneous bulletproof energy-absorbing composite board can not only realize the functions of bulletproofing, energy-absorbing and stress wave attenuation, but also solve the problems of high density of existing materials, easy secondary fragment damage and limited anti-multiple bullet performance.

[0023] The application uses a high-hardness ceramic hollow sphere aluminum-based porous composite board material as a bulletproof surface, uses a material with high toughness (a mixed fiber reinforced resin-based composite board or a perforated aluminum foam board) on the back to support and absorb energy, uses a ceramic hollow sphere aluminum-based porous composite board material with a density gradient as a hard anti-penetration layer, and compared with general ceramic boards and foam aluminum boards, the hard anti-penetration layer has high hardness and high energy-absorbing efficiency, and can resist the damage caused by high-speed impact; a short fiber resin-based composite material constraint layer on the surface of the hard anti-penetration layer can effectively prevent secondary fragment damage, and the mixed fiber reinforced resin-based composite material (long fiber flexible bulletproof material) or the perforated aluminum foam pasted on the back of the hard anti-penetration layer can effectively absorb and disperse the shock wave and fragment energy generated by explosion, and has certain strength and rigidity, and can maintain stability when facing explosion impact, and can prevent the collapse of the structure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 A structure schematic view of the multi-layer heterogeneous bulletproof energy-absorbing composite board provided for the embodiment 1 is shown in the figure.

[0025] Figure 2 A structure schematic view of the multi-layer heterogeneous bulletproof energy-absorbing composite board provided for the embodiment 2 is shown in the figure.

[0026] Figure 3 A structure schematic view of the multi-layer heterogeneous bulletproof energy-absorbing composite board provided for the embodiment 3 is shown in the figure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The application provides a multi-layer heterogeneous bulletproof energy-absorbing composite board, which comprises a surface constraint layer and an alternating structure layer arranged in layers.

[0028] The alternating structure layer comprises hard anti-penetration layers and ductile energy-absorbing buffer layers arranged in layers alternately.

[0029] The surface constraint layer covers one side surface of the alternating structure layer, and the other side of the alternating structure layer is a ductile energy-absorbing buffer layer.

[0030] The material of the surface constraint layer is a short-fiber resin-based composite material.

[0031] The material of the hard anti-penetration layer is a ceramic hollow sphere aluminum-based porous composite board.

[0032] The material of the ductile energy-absorbing buffer layer is a mixed-fiber reinforced resin-based composite board or an open-cell aluminum foam board.

[0033] In the multi-layer heterogeneous bulletproof energy-absorbing composite board, the density of the ceramic hollow sphere aluminum-based porous composite board decreases from the top layer to the bottom layer.

[0034] The multi-layer heterogeneous bulletproof energy-absorbing composite board provided by the application comprises a surface constraint layer, the material of the surface constraint layer is a short-fiber resin-based composite material, and the preparation method of the short-fiber resin-based composite material is preferably as follows: a vinyl ester resin adhesive is sprayed onto a substrate by using an automatic spraying machine, and short fibers are sprayed onto the surface of the adhesive to obtain a short-fiber resin-based composite material. The short fibers include one or more of glass fibers, alumina fibers and basalt fibers. The application does not have special limitations on the vinyl ester resin adhesive, and any corresponding adhesive known in the art can be used.

[0035] In the application, the short fibers used in the short-fiber resin-based composite material preferably include one or more of glass fibers, alumina fibers and basalt fibers, the length of the short fibers is preferably 1-4 mm, and the thickness of the surface constraint layer is preferably 2-5 mm, and more preferably 2-3 mm. When two or more kinds of short fibers are selected, the application does not have special limitations on the ratio of different kinds of short fibers, and the ratio can be adjusted according to actual needs.

[0036] The multi-layer heterogeneous bulletproof energy-absorbing composite board provided by the application comprises an alternating structure layer, and the alternating structure layer comprises hard anti-penetration layers and ductile energy-absorbing buffer layers arranged in layers alternately.

[0037] In the present application, the material of the hard anti-penetration layer is a ceramic hollow sphere aluminum-based porous composite board; the density of the ceramic hollow sphere aluminum-based porous composite board in the multi-layer heterogeneous bulletproof energy-absorbing composite board decreases successively from the top layer to the bottom layer. The present application sets the corresponding ceramic hollow sphere aluminum-based porous composite board according to the number of layers of the multi-layer heterogeneous bulletproof energy-absorbing composite board, and the density of each layer is successively decreased, without special limitation on the density of each layer; in the specific embodiments of the present application, the density of the ceramic hollow sphere aluminum-based porous composite board in the multi-layer heterogeneous bulletproof energy-absorbing composite board successively from the top layer to the bottom layer is 2.3-2.5 g / cm 3 , 1.7-2.3 g / cm 3 , and 1.4-1.7 g / cm 3 , more preferably successively 2.3 g / cm 3 , 2.0-2.1 g / cm 3 , and 1.5 g / cm 3 .

[0038] In the present application, the aluminum base used in the ceramic hollow sphere aluminum-based porous composite board is preferably a cast aluminum silicon alloy, a cast aluminum copper alloy, a copper-containing wrought aluminum alloy or a silicon-containing wrought aluminum alloy, and the cast aluminum silicon alloy is preferably a ZL101, ZL102 or ZL111 series alloy; the cast aluminum copper alloy is preferably a ZL201 alloy. The present application does not have special limitation on the copper-containing wrought aluminum alloy or the silicon-containing wrought aluminum alloy, and commercially available products known in the art can be used.

[0039] In the present application, the preparation method of the ceramic hollow sphere aluminum-based porous composite board is preferably a vacuum infiltration method or a pressure infiltration method using ceramic hollow spheres and an aluminum alloy base. The material of the ceramic hollow sphere is preferably an alumina hollow sphere, a silicon carbide hollow sphere or a ceramic hollow sphere of floating beads; the aluminum alloy base is preferably a cast aluminum silicon alloy, a cast aluminum copper alloy, a copper-containing wrought aluminum alloy or a silicon-containing wrought aluminum alloy; the present application does not have special limitation on the specific process of the vacuum infiltration method or the pressure infiltration method, and the method known in the art can be used.

[0040] In the present application, the thickness of each layer of the hard anti-penetration layer is independently preferably 5-15 mm, and more preferably 8-10 mm.

[0041] In the present application, the material of the tough energy-absorbing buffer layer is a mixed fiber reinforced resin-based composite board or a perforated aluminum foam board; in the mixed fiber reinforced resin-based composite board, the fiber material used is preferably one or more of aramid fiber, PBO fiber and ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fiber, and the weaving structure used includes plain weave, twill weave or satin weave. When two or more of the above fibers are selected, the present application does not have special limitation on the ratio of different types of fibers, which can be adjusted according to actual needs.

[0042] In the present application, the preparation method of the mixed woven fiber reinforced resin-based composite plate is preferably as follows: the required fibers are woven according to the required weaving structure, the obtained fiber cloth is soaked in resin for 60-80 min, the obtained fiber cloth prepreg is laid flat, and then the pressure impregnation is carried out under vacuum conditions, and then the resin-based composite material forming process curing is carried out to obtain the mixed woven fiber reinforced resin-based composite plate. The present application does not have special limitations on the pressure impregnation and the resin-based composite material forming process curing, and the process known in the art can be used.

[0043] In the present application, the thickness of the mixed woven fiber reinforced resin-based composite plate is preferably 2-5 mm, and more preferably 3-4 mm.

[0044] In the present application, the density of the open-cell aluminum foam aluminum plate is preferably 0.5-1.2 g / cm 3 , and more preferably 0.6-0.9 g / cm 3 ; the thickness of the open-cell aluminum foam aluminum plate is preferably 8-10 mm.

[0045] In the present application, the open-cell foam aluminum plate is preferably prepared by vacuum infiltration or pressure infiltration method using inorganic salt as the preform particle and aluminum matrix; the inorganic salt is preferably NaCl, CaCl2 or KCl; and the aluminum matrix is preferably cast aluminum-silicon alloy, cast aluminum-copper alloy, copper-containing wrought aluminum alloy or silicon-containing wrought aluminum alloy. The present application does not have special limitations on the specific process of the vacuum infiltration or pressure infiltration method, and the method known in the art can be used.

[0046] In the present application, the thickness of each layer of the toughness energy-absorbing buffer layer is independently preferably 2-15 mm, more preferably 3-10 mm, and further preferably 4-8 mm.

[0047] The present application does not have special limitations on the number of times of alternation of the hard anti-penetration layer and the toughness energy-absorbing buffer layer, and the actual requirements can be adjusted; in the embodiments of the present application, the number of times of alternation is specifically 3 times or 2 times, i.e. 3 layers of hard anti-penetration layer and 3 layers of toughness energy-absorbing buffer layer, or 2 layers of hard anti-penetration layer and 2 layers of toughness energy-absorbing buffer layer.

[0048] The present application provides a preparation method of the multi-layer heterogeneous bulletproof energy-absorbing composite plate described in the above technical solution, which comprises the following steps:

[0049] After the hard anti-penetration layer and the toughness energy-absorbing buffer layer are bonded in the order of alternating layering, the surface constraint layer is bonded on the surface of the hard anti-penetration layer to obtain the multi-layer heterogeneous bulletproof energy-absorbing composite plate.

[0050] In the present application, before the hard anti-penetration layer and the tough energy-absorbing buffer layer are bonded in the order of alternating layering, the ceramic hollow sphere aluminum-based porous composite plate or the open-cell aluminum foam plate is preferably subjected to surface treatment: the surface of the material is polished flat with an angle grinder, the plate is roughened with a wire brush to enhance the surface roughness of the plate, facilitating the bonding of the metal layer and the fiber layer, the plate is cleaned with alcohol, and dried.

[0051] In the present application, the hard anti-penetration layer and the tough energy-absorbing buffer layer are preferably bonded by polyurethane adhesive; the present application preferably uses polyurethane adhesive as an interfacial bonding agent, the back of each ceramic hollow sphere aluminum-based porous composite plate is bonded to a mixed fiber reinforced resin-based composite plate or an open-cell aluminum foam aluminum plate, and the above-mentioned composite plates are sequentially bonded and riveted according to the density gradient of the ceramic hollow sphere aluminum-based porous composite plate.

[0052] In the present application, the surface constraint layer is preferably bonded by a vinyl ester resin adhesive; the present application preferably uses an automatic spraying machine to spray the vinyl ester resin adhesive onto the surface of the ceramic hollow sphere aluminum-based porous composite plate, and at the same time, short fibers are sprayed onto the surface of the adhesive, and the process is repeated several times until the desired thickness of the surface constraint layer is obtained.

[0053] The present application provides the application of the above-mentioned technical solution to the multi-layer heterogeneous bulletproof energy-absorbing composite plate or the multi-layer heterogeneous bulletproof energy-absorbing composite plate prepared by the above-mentioned technical solution in protective equipment. The present application does not have special limitations on the method of application, and can be applied according to the methods well known in the art; in the multi-layer heterogeneous bulletproof energy-absorbing composite plate, the ceramic hollow sphere aluminum-based porous composite plate serves as the bullet-facing surface.

[0054] The technical solutions provided by the present application will be described in detail below in conjunction with the examples, but they should not be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present application.

[0055] Example 1

[0056] The multi-layer heterogeneous bulletproof energy-absorbing composite plate provided in this example has a structure as shown in Figure 1

[0057] 1- alumina, basalt short fiber sprayed composite material surface constraint layer with a mass ratio of 1:1; 2- silicon carbide hollow sphere aluminum-based porous composite plate; 3- plain weave aramid-PBO fiber cloth; 4- alumina hollow sphere aluminum-based porous composite plate; 5- plain weave ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene-PBO fiber cloth; 6- alumina hollow sphere aluminum-based porous composite plate; 7- open-cell aluminum foam plate; 8- plain weave aramid-ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber cloth.

[0058] ​The total thickness of the multi-layer heterogeneous bulletproof energy-absorbing composite board is 43 mm, and from top to bottom, it is 2 mm of surface constraint layer, 8 mm of silicon carbide hollow sphere aluminum-based porous composite board (hard), 3 mm of aramid-PBO fiber cloth board with plain weave structure (tough), 8 mm of aluminum oxide hollow sphere aluminum-based porous composite board (hard), 3 mm of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene-PBO fiber cloth board with plain weave structure (tough), 8 mm of aluminum oxide hollow sphere aluminum-based porous composite board (hard), 8 mm of open-cell foam aluminum plate (tough), and 3 mm of aramid-ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber cloth board with plain weave structure (tough).

[0059] The preparation method of the multi-layer heterogeneous bulletproof energy-absorbing composite board comprises the following steps:

[0060] Step one: surface treatment of the ceramic hollow sphere aluminum-based porous composite board material (silicon carbide or aluminum oxide hollow sphere aluminum-based porous composite board) with a thickness of 8 mm prepared by vacuum infiltration method and the open-cell foam aluminum plate (prepared by vacuum infiltration method using NaCl and cast aluminum copper ZL201 alloy): polishing the surface of the plate material flat with an angle grinder, using a wire brush to roughen the plate material, cleaning the plate material with alcohol, and drying.

[0061] Step two: preparation of the mixed fiber reinforced resin-based composite board:

[0062] 1) Weaving of fiber cloth

[0063] The breaking elongation of aramid 1414 filaments is 3.5%, the breaking elongation of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber yarns is 3.5%, and the breaking elongation of PBO fiber yarns is 2.0-3.0%.

[0064] The two combinations of aramid fibers and PBO fibers, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers and PBO fibers, and aramid fibers and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers are mixed and woven into a plain weave structure with the former fibers as the warp and the latter fibers as the weft.

[0065] 2) Mixed fiber reinforced resin-based composite board

[0066] The woven fiber cloth is soaked in resin for 80 min, the obtained prepreg is laid flat, and the resin-based composite material is cured under vacuum conditions to obtain a 3 mm thick mixed fiber reinforced resin-based composite board.

[0067] Step three: bonding and riveting of the ceramic hollow sphere aluminum-based porous composite board material and the mixed fiber reinforced resin-based composite board:

[0068] The density of the ceramic hollow sphere aluminum-based porous composite board material decreases from top to bottom, and the density of each layer of the ceramic hollow sphere aluminum-based porous composite board material is 2.3 g / cm3 , 2.0 g / cm 3 , 1.5 g / cm 3 , using polyurethane adhesive as an interfacial bonding agent, the first layer of plate (silicon carbide hollow sphere aluminum-based porous composite plate) back pasting aramid-PBO fiber cloth; the second layer of plate (alumina hollow sphere aluminum-based porous composite plate) back pasting ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene-PBO fiber cloth; the third layer of plate (alumina hollow sphere aluminum-based porous composite plate) back pasting the density of 0.6 g / cm 3 of open-cell aluminum foam plate, the back of the open-cell aluminum foam plate pasting aramid-ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber cloth, and then according to the density gradient of the ceramic hollow sphere aluminum-based porous composite plate material, the above-mentioned composite plate material is sequentially bonded and riveted.

[0069] Step four: preparation of the surface constraint layer

[0070] The ethylene-vinyl ester resin adhesive is sprayed onto the surface of the ceramic hollow sphere aluminum-based porous composite plate material by using an automatic spraying machine, and the length of the alumina fiber and basalt fiber is 1-4 mm, which is mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1 and sprayed onto the surface of the adhesive. This process is repeated several times to obtain a surface constraint layer with a thickness of 2 mm.

[0071] After testing, the total thickness of the prepared multi-layer heterogeneous bulletproof energy-absorbing composite plate is 43 mm, and the areal density is 5.94 g / cm 2 After being shot by a 7.62 mm armor-piercing bullet, the bulletproof armor plate has no perforation phenomenon, the back concave depth is 15 mm, and the specific energy absorption is 58 J / g. Under the premise of the same anti-penetration ability, the mass of the ceramic-steel composite plate is reduced by 35-45%.

[0072] Example 2

[0073] The multi-layer heterogeneous bulletproof energy-absorbing composite plate provided by the present embodiment has the structure as shown in Figure 2 .

[0074] 1-1:1:1 mass ratio of alumina, basalt, and glass short fiber sprayed composite material surface constraint layer; 2-silicon carbide hollow sphere aluminum-based porous composite plate (hard); 3-open-cell aluminum foam plate (tough); 4-alumina hollow sphere aluminum-based porous composite plate (hard); 5-satin structure aramid-PBO fiber cloth (tough).

[0075] The total thickness of the above multi-layer heterogeneous bulletproof energy-absorbing composite plate is 37 mm, and from top to bottom, it is a 3 mm surface constraint layer, a 10 mm silicon carbide hollow sphere aluminum-based porous composite plate, a 10 mm open-cell aluminum foam plate, a 10 mm alumina hollow sphere aluminum-based porous composite plate, and a 4 mm satin structure aramid-PBO fiber cloth.

[0076] The preparation method of the above-mentioned multi-layer heterogeneous bulletproof energy-absorbing composite plate includes the following steps:

[0077] Step 1: Surface treatment is performed on the 10mm thick ceramic hollow sphere aluminum-based porous composite board (silicon carbide or alumina hollow sphere aluminum-based porous composite board) and the open-cell foam aluminum board (made by vacuum infiltration of NaCl and cast aluminum copper-based ZL201 alloy) prepared by pressure infiltration method: grind the surface of the board with an angle grinder, roughen the board with a roughening tool, clean the board with alcohol, and dry it.

[0078] Step 2: Preparation of Blended Fiber Reinforced Resin-Based Composite Boards:

[0079] 1) Weaving of fiber cloth

[0080] The breaking elongation of aramid 1414 filament is 3.5%, the breaking elongation of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber yarn is 3.5%, and the breaking elongation of PBO fiber yarn is 2.0-3.0%.

[0081] Aramid fibers are used as warp threads and PBO fibers as weft threads, with the warp and weft threads overlapping and interweaving to form a satin weave structure.

[0082] 2) Blended fiber reinforced resin-based composite board

[0083] The woven fiber cloth was soaked in resin for 80 minutes, laid flat according to the obtained prepreg, impregnated under vacuum pressure, and cured according to the resin-based composite material molding process to obtain a 4mm thick mixed-woven fiber reinforced resin-based composite board.

[0084] Step 3: Bond and rivet the ceramic hollow sphere aluminum-based porous composite board and the mixed fiber reinforced resin-based composite board.

[0085] The density of the ceramic hollow sphere aluminum-based porous composite panel decreases sequentially from the top layer to the bottom layer, with each layer having a density of 2.3 g / cm³. 3 2.1g / cm 3 Polyurethane adhesive was used as the interface adhesive, and the bonding density on the back of the first layer board (silicon carbide hollow sphere aluminum-based porous composite board) was 0.7 g / cm³. 3 The first board is an open-cell foam aluminum board. The second board (alumina hollow sphere aluminum-based porous composite board) has aramid-PBO fiber cloth pasted on its back. Then, the above composite boards are sequentially glued and riveted according to the density gradient of the ceramic hollow sphere aluminum-based porous composite board.

[0086] Step 4: Preparation of the surface constraint layer

[0087] The vinyl ester resin binder is sprayed onto the surface of the ceramic hollow sphere aluminum-based porous composite panel by using an automatic spraying machine, and the length of the mixed alumina fiber, basalt fiber and glass fiber is 1-4 mm. The process is repeated several times to obtain a 3mm thick surface constraint layer.

[0088] The total thickness of the prepared multilayer isomeric bulletproof energy-absorbing composite panel is 37mm, and the areal density is 6.07g / cm 2 After being shot by a 7.62mm armor-piercing bullet, the bulletproof armor panel has no perforation phenomenon, the back concave depth is 17mm, and the specific energy absorption is 56J / g. Under the same anti-penetration ability, the mass of the ceramic-steel composite panel is reduced by 35-45%.

[0089] Example 3

[0090] The multilayer isomeric bulletproof energy-absorbing composite panel provided in the embodiment has a structure as shown in Figure 3 .

[0091] Among them, 1 is the surface constraint layer of the mixed material of alumina and glass short fiber with a mass ratio of 1:1; 2 is a silicon carbide hollow sphere aluminum-based porous composite panel (hard); 3 is a satin structure aramid-PBO fiber cloth (tough); 4 is an alumina hollow sphere aluminum-based porous composite panel (hard); 5 is a satin structure ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene-PBO fiber cloth (tough); 6 is an alumina hollow sphere aluminum-based porous composite panel (hard); 7 is a satin structure aramid-ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber cloth (tough).

[0092] The total thickness of the multilayer isomeric bulletproof energy-absorbing composite panel provided in the embodiment is 38mm, and from top to bottom, it is a 2mm surface constraint layer, a 9mm silicon carbide hollow sphere aluminum-based porous composite panel, a 3mm satin structure aramid-PBO fiber cloth, a 9mm alumina hollow sphere aluminum-based porous composite panel, a 3mm satin structure ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene-PBO fiber cloth, a 9mm alumina hollow sphere aluminum-based porous composite panel, and a 3mm satin structure aramid-ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber cloth.

[0093] The preparation method of the multilayer isomeric bulletproof energy-absorbing composite panel comprises the following steps:

[0094] Step one: surface treatment of the ceramic hollow sphere aluminum-based porous composite panel (silicon carbide or alumina hollow sphere aluminum-based porous composite panel) prepared by the vacuum infiltration method in the cast aluminum silicon ZL101 alloy: use an angle grinder to polish the surface of the panel flat, use a wire brush to roughen the panel, use alcohol to clean the panel, and dry it.

[0095] Step two: preparation of the mixed fiber reinforced resin-based composite panel:

[0096] 1) Weaving of fiber cloth

[0097] The elongation at break of aramid 1414 filament is 3.5%, the elongation at break of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber yarn is 3.5%, and the elongation at break of PBO fiber yarn is 2.0-3.0%.

[0098] The two-by-two combinations of aramid fibers and PBO fibers, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers and PBO fibers, and aramid fibers and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers are mixed and woven into a satin structure with the former fibers as the warp and the latter fibers as the weft.

[0099] 2) Mixed woven fiber reinforced resin matrix composite plate

[0100] The woven fiber cloth is soaked in resin for 80 minutes, vacuum pressure impregnated, and cured according to the resin matrix composite forming process to obtain a mixed woven fiber reinforced resin matrix composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm.

[0101] Step three: bonding and riveting of the ceramic hollow sphere aluminum-based porous composite plate and the mixed woven fiber reinforced resin matrix composite plate:

[0102] The density of the ceramic hollow sphere aluminum-based porous composite plate decreases from the top layer to the bottom layer, and the density of each layer of the ceramic hollow sphere aluminum-based porous composite plate is 2.3 g / cm 3 , 1.9 g / cm 3 , and 1.7 g / cm 3 , respectively. Polyurethane adhesive is used as the interfacial bonding agent to bond the first layer of plate (silicon carbide hollow sphere aluminum-based porous composite plate) to the back of the aramid-PBO fiber cloth; the second layer of plate (alumina hollow sphere aluminum-based porous composite plate) is bonded to the back of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene-PBO fiber cloth; the third layer of plate (alumina hollow sphere aluminum-based porous composite plate) is bonded to the back of the aramid-ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber cloth, and then the above-mentioned composite plates are sequentially bonded and riveted according to the density gradient of the ceramic hollow sphere aluminum-based porous composite plate.

[0103] Step four: preparation of the surface constraint layer

[0104] Vinyl ester resin adhesive is sprayed onto the surface of the ceramic hollow sphere aluminum-based porous composite material using an automatic spraying machine, and alumina fibers and glass fibers with a length of 1-4 mm are mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1 and sprayed onto the surface of the adhesive. This process is repeated several times to obtain a 2 mm thick surface constraint layer.

[0105] After testing, the total thickness of the prepared multi-layer heterogeneous bulletproof energy-absorbing composite plate is 38 mm, and the areal density is 6.45 g / cm 2The bulletproof armor plate is shot by 7.62 mm armor-piercing bullets, and the bulletproof armor plate is not perforated, the back concave depth is 18 mm, and the specific energy absorption is 57 J / g. Under the premise of the same anti-penetration capacity, the mass of the ceramic-steel composite layer plate is reduced by 35-45%.

[0106] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application, and it should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several improvements and refinements without departing from the principles of the present application, and these improvements and refinements should also be considered within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A multi-layered heterogeneous ballistic resistant energy absorbing composite panel, characterized by, The surface constraint layer and the alternating structure layer are arranged in a stack; The alternating structure layer comprises hard anti-penetration layers and ductile energy-absorbing buffer layers arranged in an alternating stack; The surface constraint layer covers one side surface of the alternating structure layer, and the other side of the alternating structure layer is a ductile energy-absorbing buffer layer; The surface constraint layer is made of short-fiber resin-based composite material; The hard anti-penetration layer is made of ceramic hollow sphere aluminum-based porous composite plate; The ductile energy-absorbing buffer layer is made of mixed-fiber reinforced resin-based composite plate or open-cell aluminum foam plate; In the multilayer heterogeneous bulletproof energy-absorbing composite plate, the density of the ceramic hollow sphere aluminum-based porous composite plate decreases from the top layer to the bottom layer; In the short-fiber resin-based composite material, the short fibers include one or more of glass fiber, alumina fiber and basalt fiber, and the length of the short fibers is 1-4 mm; The ceramic hollow sphere aluminum-based porous composite board has densities of 2.3-2.5 g / cm 3 , 1.7-2.3 g / cm 3 , and 1.4-1.7 g / cm 3 from top layer to bottom layer in the multilayer heterogeneous bulletproof energy-absorbing composite board. In the mixed-fiber reinforced resin-based composite plate, the fiber materials include one or more of aramid fiber, PBO fiber and ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fiber, and the weaving structures include plain weave, twill weave or satin weave.

2. The multi-layered heterogeneous ballistic resistant energy absorbing composite panel according to claim 1, wherein, The thickness of the surface constraint layer is 2-5 mm.

3. The multi-layered heterogeneous ballistic resistant energy absorbing composite panel of claim 1, wherein, The thickness of each hard anti-penetration layer is independently 5-15 mm.

4. The multi-layered heterogeneous ballistic resistant energy absorbing composite panel of claim 1, wherein, The thickness of each ductile energy-absorbing buffer layer is independently 2-15 mm.

5. The multi-layered heterogeneous ballistic resistant energy absorbing composite panel of claim 1, wherein, The open-cell aluminum foam plate has a density of 0.5-1.2 g / cm 3 .

6. The method for preparing the multi-layer heterogeneous ballistic energy-absorbing composite board according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: After the hard anti-penetration layers and the ductile energy-absorbing buffer layers are bonded in an alternating stack, the surface constraint layer is bonded on the surface of the hard anti-penetration layer to obtain the multilayer heterogeneous bulletproof energy-absorbing composite plate.

7. The production method according to claim 6, wherein The hard anti-penetration layers and the ductile energy-absorbing buffer layers are bonded by polyurethane adhesive, and the surface constraint layer is bonded by vinyl ester resin adhesive.

8. Use of the multilayer heterogeneous bulletproof energy-absorbing composite plate of any one of claims 1-5 or the multilayer heterogeneous bulletproof energy-absorbing composite plate prepared by the method of any one of claims 6-7 in protective equipment.

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