A kind of olive dwarfing grafting method

Abstract

The invention discloses an olive dwarfing grafting method, comprising the following steps: leaving branches as nutrient branches and cutting off main branches above the position of the nutrient branches; cutting off part of the stock trunk to form a grafting port, wherein the cut stock trunk includes part of the wood; the stock is an olive tree with a trunk height exceeding 2.5 meters or a tree age greater than or equal to 30 years; arranging a scion socket at the grafting port, wherein the scion socket extends to the wood of the stock; and inserting a scion into the scion socket. The olive dwarfing grafting method of the invention can realize dwarfing grafting and replacement of large olive trees with tall trunks and relatively long tree ages.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, and in particular to an olive dwarfing grafting method. Background Art

[0002] Olive [Canarium album (Lour.) Raeusch.] belongs to the genus Canarium in the family Burseraceae. L) Evergreen tree, is a subtropical evergreen fruit tree unique to the south. Olive is also called white olive, green fruit, green olive, yellow olive, etc. It is native to China and is most cultivated in Guangdong and Fujian. In the past, olives in my country were mostly sown by seeds. The trunk of olives planted by seeds is straight, usually more than 2.5 meters, and the tree body is generally more than 6 meters, which is extremely inconvenient for production and management; olive seeds are polyembryonic, and the offspring of seed planting have great variation, resulting in mixed varieties, and a large proportion of fruitless, low-yield and inferior varieties; olive is a fruit tree with a long economic life span, and it will not officially enter the high-yield period until 20 years after planting. At present, the main problem of my country's olive industry is that there are many old olive orchards with long tree age, tall trunks, low yields and poor variety quality. The problem of grafting and replacing these olives is that the trunks are too tall to be grafted, and the trunks are easily killed by grafting. Dwarfing and grafting these olive trees is convenient for future production management, which is an important part of olive production to improve quality and efficiency.

[0003] There are three types of high grafting of olive trees: grafting of high-position branch twigs, grafting of main trunk belly, grafting of short trunk in the same year and grafting of new branches grown in the next year. The grafting methods used include bark cutting grafting, cleft grafting and scarfing grafting, and the technical methods are the same as those of other fruit tree grafting methods. Grafting of high-position branch twigs at the top of the tree (4-6m high) consumes more manpower and material resources, and the grafting operation is dangerous, and is not conducive to the dwarfing growth of the crown and the high-quality and efficient production management of olives in the future; the traditional scion grafting directly on the trunk belly (cutting the bark grafting in the middle of the trunk) is almost impossible to survive; the grafting method after short trunk pruning generally adopts scarfing and bark cutting grafting. The traditional bark cutting grafting (grafting the phloem layer on the stock surface) and scarfing grafting (cutting the phloem layer and xylem on the stock surface to form a large triangular incision) are difficult to heal after grafting, and the survival rate of the scion is extremely low. The inlay grafting method currently used in production is suitable for young olive trees that have not declined, but the operation is too complicated, time-consuming and inefficient. However, for olive trees that are declining and older (over 30 years old), the technology (inlay grafting method) used in the above patent often has a low survival rate, and the survival rate of traditional bark grafting is even lower. In production, the main trunk or primary branch is cut off, and new shoots are grown after the tree survives and then grafted to achieve dwarfing and replacement grafting, but the grafting time is missed by 1 to 2 years or even longer, the efficiency is low, and it is not conducive to the transformation and production of old orchards. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, the present invention is a low-position grafting method for the trunk of tall and old olive trees, which is a new grafting method that integrates bark grafting, cut grafting, and belly grafting, improves the grafting survival rate, and achieves grafting survival in the same year, solves the current problem of tree decline and renewal of old olive trees in many old olive orchards, realizes dwarf cultivation, facilitates production management, and promotes quality and efficiency improvement of the olive industry.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] The present invention provides an olive dwarfing grafting method, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Leave the branches as nutrient branches and cut off the main branches above the nutrient branches; cut off part of the stock trunk at a position 1.3-1.7m above the ground to form a grafting point, and the cut stock trunk includes part of the xylem; the stock is an olive tree with a trunk height of more than 2.5m or a tree age of 30 years or more;

[0008] A scion socket is arranged at the grafting port, and the scion socket extends to the wood part of the rootstock;

[0009] The scion is inserted into the scion socket, and the portion of the scion that is not inserted into the rootstock can be accommodated in the grafting port.

[0010] The grafting method after the stub trunk generally adopts scarfing and bark grafting, traditional bark grafting (grafting the phloem layer of the stock surface incision) and scarfing method (cutting the phloem layer and the xylem on the stock surface to form a triangular large incision), but the old olive tree (more than 30 years old) is difficult to heal after grafting, and the scion survival rate is extremely low. The applicant found that the reason for this phenomenon is that the phloem layer of the old olive tree is too thick and the cortex is hard and brittle, and the binding tightness between the callus of the xylem and the cambium after grafting is not enough. In addition, the stub trunk of the old olive tree in the prior art easily causes the death of the plant stock. In order to solve this problem, in the present invention, a grafting port is formed by cutting off part of the stock trunk in the middle part of the stock trunk, and a scion socket extending to the xylem of the stock is set at the grafting port, and the nutrient branch is retained, which preferably solves the problem of easy death and low survival rate of traditional grafting technology after the stub trunk. It is understandable that the general selection includes the first branch and the more robust branch as the nutrient branch.

[0011] In some embodiments, the phloem of the trunk at the grafting site is higher than the xylem, forming a groove, which is conducive to incision healing.

[0012] In some embodiments, the grafting depth does not exceed 1 / 3 of the trunk diameter.

[0013] In some embodiments, the grafting port is a 1 / 4 spherical incision with a depth of 6 to 8 cm, a height of about 10 cm, and a width of about 12 cm. It is understandable that the size and shape of the grafting port can be determined according to the actual situation of the stock, and the depth of the grafting port can be ensured to be no more than 1 / 3 of the trunk diameter, and the part of the scion not inserted into the stock can be accommodated in the grafting port.

[0014] In some embodiments, there is at least one grafting port.

[0015] In some embodiments, when multiple grafting points are provided, the height interval between adjacent grafting points is 30-40 cm.

[0016] In some embodiments, the multiple grafting ports face different directions.

[0017] In some embodiments, the scion plug is obtained by longitudinally cutting the trunk at the grafting port.

[0018] In some embodiments, the scion plug includes two intersecting longitudinal sections, and the intersection line of the two sections is located in the wood part of the rootstock.

[0019] In some embodiments, the longitudinal sections have different heights, and after the scion is grafted, a drainage hole is formed at the lower portion of a higher longitudinal section.

[0020] In some embodiments, the two intersecting longitudinal sections are perpendicular.

[0021] In some embodiments, a longitudinal section is first formed by cutting 3-5 mm deep into the xylem, and then a longitudinal section with xylem and phloem is cut starting from the phloem, and the intersection line of the two longitudinal sections is located in the xylem of the rootstock. Different from bark grafting (phloem), cut (cleft) grafting (xylem), and scarfing (hollowing out phloem and xylem), the scion plug in the present invention can play a better fixing role.

[0022] In some embodiments, the scion base includes at least two cutting surfaces, the cutting surfaces retain the cambium, and the area above the cutting surfaces is wrapped with a grafting film.

[0023] The scion in the present invention is a new variety of olive scion with full bud points, wherein the new variety refers to a variety different from the rootstock.

[0024] In some embodiments, the base of the scion is cut into a hatchet-shaped section with a grafting knife, with the double-edged blade gradually thinning, 4-5 cm long and 1-2 cm wide, retaining the cambium on three sides (the slightly darker part between the phloem and the xylem), and the part above the section is wrapped with a grafting film.

[0025] In some embodiments, when the scion is inserted, the cambium of the scion is aligned with the cambium of the scion plug, thereby increasing the contact area between the scion and the stock, which is beneficial to the formation of cambium callus.

[0026] In some embodiments, the number of the nutrient branches is 1-3.

[0027] In some embodiments, the number of the nutrient branches is 2.

[0028] In some embodiments, a light-proof material is used to seal the cut surface of the grafting port and the cut surface of the scion plug after the scion is inserted.

[0029] After the scion is inserted, a light-proof material is used to seal the cut surface of the grafting port and the cut surface of the scion plug, which plays a role in moisturizing and light-shielding, and is conducive to the growth of callus tissue.

[0030] In some embodiments, the light-impermeable material is aluminum foil.

[0031] In some embodiments, after the cut surface of the grafting port and the cut surface of the scion plug are sealed with a light-proof material, a grafting film is used to surround the trunk to wrap the grafting port.

[0032] It is understandable that when the grafting membrane is used to wrap the grafting joint, it is necessary to ensure that the drain outlet is not blocked by the grafting membrane.

[0033] In some embodiments, the method further comprises inducing the main trunk hidden buds below the grafting point to grow into new shoots, which are then grafted onto the scion after 1 to 2 years.

[0034] In some embodiments, the phloem is cut horizontally with a saw above the hidden bud point of the main trunk below the grafting point, and the hidden bud position is sprayed with a 3000 times solution of gibberellin to allow the main trunk hidden bud to grow into a new shoot, which is then grafted onto the grafted, survived and fully mature new shoot 1 to 2 years later to promote nutrient transport, accelerate the growth of the new shoot, and play a reinforcing role.

[0035] In some embodiments, the method further comprises cutting off the main trunk (including the retained nutrient branches) above the grafting point after the scion shoots mature and begin to branch, so as to accelerate the growth of new shoots.

[0036] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0037] The present invention provides an olive dwarfing grafting method for olive trees with tall trunks and long tree age, avoiding the traditional high-position twig grafting, with safe operation and low cost. After high grafting, the tree body is tall and easy to manage for production; the problem that the scion can hardly survive after the traditional belly grafting method for olive trees with tall trunks, long tree age and weak tree vigor is solved; the problem that the scion is difficult to survive after the trunk is cut and the bark grafting method and the scarfing method are used is also solved; compared with waiting for the trunk to grow new branches after 2-3 years and then implementing twig grafting, time is saved; and because the nutrient branches are retained, the tree body death easily caused by cutting the trunk is avoided. The olive dwarfing grafting method in the present invention can realize the dwarfing grafting and replanting of large olive trees with tall trunks and long tree age. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 Cut off the main branch to leave the main trunk and grafting position;

[0039] Figure 2 The cutting method for the ball grafting point and scion plug at the 1.5m position of the main trunk, Figure 2 The two cut surfaces of the scion plug in A (the right one is longer and the left one is shorter), Figure 2 The right side of the scion in B cuts into the wood 5mm, and the left side starts from the position of the cut wood to the main trunk cortex and cuts out the scion. According to the current status of the scion, the phloem is required to have xylem, and the cambium is between the phloem and the white xylem.

[0040] Figure 3 The grafting method is shown through cross-section. The blue arrows indicate the locations of the two cut surfaces of the scion plug.

[0041] Figure 4 For grafting new varieties of scion, Figure 4 A shows the cut surface of the scion base. Figure 4 B shows the scion wrapped with grafting film above the cutting surface;

[0042] Figure 5 After inserting the scion into the scion socket;

[0043] Figure 6 Seal the cut surface of the grafting port and the cut surface of the scion socket with aluminum foil;

[0044] Figure 7 Wrap the trunk with grafting membrane;

[0045] Figure 8 This is the situation after the grafting is successful. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] The present invention is further described in detail below by specific examples. Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials, reagents or devices used in the examples and comparative examples can be obtained from conventional commercial sources or can be obtained by prior art methods. Unless otherwise specified, the experiments or test methods are conventional methods in the art.

[0047] Example 1

[0048] In this embodiment, a fragrant olive tree of 32 years old and 6.5 meters in height was selected as the rootstock, and a three-angle olive branch with full buds was selected as the scion. The grafting steps are as follows:

[0049] 1. Cut off the main branches on the trunk, leave two side branches as nutrient branches (water extraction branches), and cut the main branches at a relatively flat position about 1.5 meters from the trunk (such as Figure 1 As shown), cut out a 1 / 4 sphere incision with a depth of 6 cm, a height of 10 cm, and a width of 12 cm, with the depth not exceeding 1 / 3 of the trunk diameter (as shown Figure 2 , 3 shown).

[0050] 2. Select a new variety of olive scion with full buds. Use a grafting knife to cut the base of the scion into a hatchet-shaped section, with double-edged blades that are gradually thinner, 5 cm long and 1.2 cm wide. Keep the cambium on three sides (the slightly darker part between the phloem and the xylem), and wrap the part above the section with a grafting film (such as Figure 4 shown).

[0051] 3. Trim the phloem and xylem of the incision so that the phloem is slightly higher than the xylem to form a groove, which is conducive to incision healing; on the phloem on one side of the main trunk surface below the incision at the grafting position, use a grafting knife to cut a section slightly longer than the length of the inserted scion. After the scion is inserted, a drainage hole can be formed at the bottom of the section, 5mm deep to the xylem; according to the size of the cross-section of the scion, use a grafting knife to cut a scion insertion with xylem and phloem vertically downward from the xylem position just cut to one side of the phloem on the other side. Be careful not to cut it off.

[0052] 4. Insert the wrapped scion into the scion socket (such as Figure 5 Adjust the position of the scion so that the cambium layer of the scion's hatchet-shaped section is aligned with the cambium layer of the cut stock grafting interface as much as possible, increasing the contact area between the scion and the rootstock, which is conducive to the formation of cambium callus. Seal the entire right-angled triangle incision with aluminum foil (as shown in the figure). Figure 6 Then wrap the incision with a wider grafting membrane around the trunk (as shown in Figure 7 Take care not to block the drain opening.

[0053] 5. Use a saw to cut the phloem horizontally above the hidden bud point of the main trunk below the grafting point, and spray the hidden bud position with 3000 times solution of gibberellin to make the hidden bud of the main trunk grow into a new shoot. After 2 years, graft it onto the grafted and fully mature new shoot to promote nutrient transport, accelerate the growth of new shoots, and play a reinforcing role.

[0054] 6. After the branches of the new variety of scion mature and begin to branch, saw off the main trunk above the incision (including the retained nutrient branches) to accelerate the growth of new shoots.

[0055] The survival of the grafted new variety scion in this embodiment is as follows Figure 8 As shown, it is shown that the method in this embodiment can achieve dwarfing grafting and replacement of large olive trees with tall trunks and long ages.

[0056] Example 2

[0057] In this embodiment, a native olive tree with an age of 35 years and a height of 7 meters is selected as the rootstock, and a Lingfeng variety olive branch with full buds is selected as the scion. The grafting steps are as follows:

[0058] 1. Cut off the main branch on the trunk, leaving one side branch as a nutrient branch (water extraction branch), and cut a 1 / 4 spherical incision of about 7cm deep, 10cm high, and 12cm wide at a relatively flat position about 1.7 meters from the trunk. The depth should not exceed 1 / 3 of the trunk diameter. There should be one spherical incision in front and behind the trunk, with a height interval of 35cm between the two.

[0059] 2. Select a new variety of olive scion with full buds. Use a grafting knife to cut the base of the scion into a hatchet-shaped section with gradually thinning double edges, 4 cm long and 1.1 cm wide. Keep the cambium on three sides (the slightly darker part between the phloem and the xylem), and wrap the area above the section with grafting film.

[0060] 3. Trim the phloem and xylem of the incision so that the phloem is slightly higher than the xylem to form a groove, which is conducive to incision healing; on the phloem on one side of the grafting position on the surface of the trunk below the incision, use a grafting knife to cut a section slightly longer than the length of the inserted scion. After inserting the scion, a drainage hole can be formed at the bottom of the section, 3mm deep to the xylem; according to the size of the cross-section of the scion, use a grafting knife to cut a scion insertion with xylem and phloem vertically downward from the xylem position just cut to one side of the phloem on the other side. Be careful not to cut it off.

[0061] 4. Insert the wrapped scion into the scion socket and adjust the position of the scion so that the cambium of the hatchet-shaped section of the scion is aligned with the cambium of the cut stock grafting interface as much as possible, increasing the contact area between the scion and the rootstock, which is conducive to the formation of cambium callus. Seal the entire right-angled triangle incision with aluminum foil, and then wrap the incision around the trunk with a wider grafting film, and be careful not to seal the drainage port.

[0062] 5. Use a saw to cut the phloem horizontally above the hidden bud point of the main trunk below the grafting point, and spray the hidden bud position with 3000 times solution of gibberellin to make the hidden bud of the main trunk grow into a new shoot. After 2 years, graft it onto the grafted and fully mature new shoot to promote nutrient transport, accelerate the growth of new shoots, and play a reinforcing role.

[0063] 6. After the branches of the new variety of scion mature and begin to branch, saw off the main trunk above the incision (including the retained nutrient branches) to accelerate the growth of new shoots.

[0064] Example 3

[0065] In this embodiment, a native olive tree with an age of 34 and a height of 7.5 meters was selected as the rootstock, and an olive branch with full buds and sharp edges was selected as the scion. The grafting steps are as follows:

[0066] 1. Cut off the main branch on the trunk, leaving one side branch as a nutrient branch (water extraction branch), and cut a 1 / 4 spherical incision of about 7cm deep, 10cm high, and 12cm wide at a relatively flat position about 1.6 meters from the trunk. The depth should not exceed 1 / 3 of the trunk diameter. There is one spherical incision in front and behind the trunk, with a height interval of 38cm between the two.

[0067] 2. Select a new variety of olive scion with full buds. Use a grafting knife to cut the base of the scion into a hatchet-shaped section with gradually thinning double edges, 4.5 cm long and 1.5 cm wide. Keep the cambium on three sides (the slightly darker part between the phloem and the xylem), and wrap the area above the section with grafting film.

[0068] 3. Trim the phloem and xylem of the incision so that the phloem is slightly higher than the xylem to form a groove, which is conducive to incision healing; on the phloem on one side of the main trunk surface below the incision at the grafting position, use a grafting knife to cut a section slightly longer than the length of the inserted scion. After inserting the scion, a drainage hole can be formed at the bottom of the section, 4mm deep to the xylem; according to the size of the cross-section of the scion, use a grafting knife to cut a scion insertion with xylem and phloem vertically downward from the xylem position just cut to one side of the phloem on the other side. Be careful not to cut it off.

[0069] 4. Insert the wrapped scion into the scion socket and adjust the position of the scion so that the cambium of the hatchet-shaped section of the scion is aligned with the cambium of the cut stock grafting interface as much as possible, increasing the contact area between the scion and the rootstock, which is conducive to the formation of cambium callus. Seal the entire right-angled triangle incision with aluminum foil, and then wrap the incision around the trunk with a wider grafting film, and be careful not to seal the drainage port.

[0070] 5. Use a saw to cut the phloem horizontally above the hidden bud point of the main trunk below the grafting point, and spray the hidden bud position with 3000 times solution of gibberellin to make the hidden bud of the main trunk grow into a new shoot. After 2 years, graft it onto the grafted and fully mature new shoot to promote nutrient transport, accelerate the growth of new shoots, and play a reinforcing role.

[0071] 6. After the branches of the new variety of scion mature and begin to branch, saw off the main trunk above the incision (including the retained nutrient branches) to accelerate the growth of new shoots.

[0072] Example 4

[0073] In this embodiment, a native olive tree with an age of 31 and a height of 8 meters was selected as the rootstock, and a Qinglan 2 variety olive branch with full buds was selected as the scion. The grafting steps are as follows:

[0074] 1. Cut off the main branch on the trunk, leaving one side branch as a nutrient branch (water extraction branch), and cut a 1 / 4 spherical incision of about 6cm deep, 10cm high, and 12cm wide at a relatively flat position about 1.7 meters from the trunk. The depth should not exceed 1 / 3 of the trunk diameter. There should be one spherical incision in front and behind the trunk, with a height interval of 40cm between the two.

[0075] 2. Select a new variety of olive scion with full buds. Use a grafting knife to cut the base of the scion into a hatchet-shaped section with gradually thinning double edges, 4 cm long and 1.3 cm wide. Keep the cambium on three sides (the slightly darker part between the phloem and the xylem), and wrap the area above the section with grafting film.

[0076] 3. Trim the phloem and xylem of the incision so that the phloem is slightly higher than the xylem to form a groove, which is conducive to incision healing; on the phloem on one side of the main trunk surface below the incision at the grafting position, use a grafting knife to cut a section slightly longer than the length of the inserted scion. After the scion is inserted, a drainage hole can be formed at the bottom of the section, 5mm deep to the xylem; according to the size of the cross-section of the scion, use a grafting knife to cut a scion insertion with xylem and phloem vertically downward from the xylem position just cut to one side of the phloem on the other side. Be careful not to cut it off.

[0077] 4. Insert the wrapped scion into the scion socket and adjust the position of the scion so that the cambium of the hatchet-shaped section of the scion is aligned with the cambium of the cut stock grafting interface as much as possible, increasing the contact area between the scion and the rootstock, which is conducive to the formation of cambium callus. Seal the entire right-angled triangle incision with aluminum foil, and then wrap the incision around the trunk with a wider grafting film, and be careful not to seal the drainage port.

[0078] 5. Use a saw to cut the phloem horizontally above the hidden bud point of the main trunk below the grafting point, and spray the hidden bud position with 3000 times solution of gibberellin to make the hidden bud of the main trunk grow into a new shoot. After 2 years, graft it onto the grafted and fully mature new shoot to promote nutrient transport, accelerate the growth of new shoots, and play a reinforcing role.

[0079] 6. After the branches of the new variety of scion mature and begin to branch, saw off the main trunk above the incision (including the retained nutrient branches) to accelerate the growth of new shoots.

[0080] The above embodiments are preferred implementation modes of the present invention, but the implementation modes of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments. Any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not deviate from the spirit and principles of the present invention should be equivalent replacement methods and are included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for dwarfing olive grafting, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Leave the branches as nutrient branches and cut off the main branches above the nutrient branches; cut off part of the stock trunk at a position 1.3-1.7m above the ground to form a grafting point, and the cut stock trunk includes part of the xylem; the stock is an olive tree with a trunk height of more than 2.5m or a tree age of 30 years or more; A scion socket is arranged at the grafting port, and the scion socket extends to the wood part of the rootstock; Inserting a scion into the scion socket, wherein the portion of the scion not inserted into the stock is accommodated in the grafting port; The phloem of the main trunk at the grafting position is higher than the xylem to form a groove.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The depth of the grafting port does not exceed 1 / 3 of the trunk diameter.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: There is at least one grafting port.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that: When multiple grafting points are provided, the height interval between adjacent grafting points is 30-40 cm.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that: Multiple grafting ports face different directions.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The scion socket is obtained by longitudinally cutting the trunk at the grafting port.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The scion socket comprises two intersecting longitudinal sections, and the intersection line of the two sections is located in the wood part of the rootstock.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The heights of the longitudinal sections are different, and after the scion is grafted, a drainage outlet is formed at the lower part of the higher longitudinal section.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The two intersecting longitudinal sections are perpendicular.

10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The scion base includes at least two cutting surfaces, the cutting surfaces retain the cambium, and the parts above the cutting surfaces are wrapped with a grafting film; When inserting the scion, the cambium of the scion is aligned with the cambium of the scion plug.

11. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the nutrient branches is 1-3.

12. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that After the scion is inserted, a light-proof material is used to seal the cut surface of the grafting port and the cut surface of the scion socket.

13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that: The light-proof material is aluminum foil.

14. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that After the cut surface of the grafting port and the cut surface of the scion plug are sealed with a light-proof material, a grafting film is used to surround the main trunk and wrap the grafting port.

15. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The method further comprises inducing the main trunk hidden buds below the grafting point to grow into new shoots, which are then grafted onto the scion after 1 to 2 years.

16. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The method further comprises cutting off the main trunk above the grafting point after the scion shoots mature and begin to branch.

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