Sound insulation structures and building materials

Abstract

The present application provides a sound insulation structure and building material. The sound insulation structure is provided with at least two relatively fixed sound absorption structures in sequence along the propagation direction of the sound wave, and the at least two sound absorption structures include a first sound absorption structure and a second sound absorption structure; wherein the first sound absorption structure includes a phononic crystal, and the phononic crystal is configured to absorb sound waves in a first frequency band; the second sound absorption structure includes at least one resonant cavity, and at least one resonant cavity is configured to absorb sound waves in a second frequency band through resonance; wherein the lower limit value of the first frequency band is less than the lower limit value of the second frequency band. The above-mentioned sound insulation structure can achieve lower-frequency wide-band sound absorption, and can increase the sound insulation amount of the sound absorption frequency band, thereby improving the sound insulation effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of sound insulation, in particular to a sound insulation structure and building materials. Background Art

[0002] Traditional sound insulation materials usually can only provide limited sound insulation effects, and cannot meet the requirements of sound insulation and sound absorption at the same time. In addition, traditional sound insulation materials are usually composite materials combining porous materials and plates, but due to the presence of porous materials, the application scenarios of the materials will be limited, and the acoustic performance of the materials will be reduced or even lost under high temperature, high pressure and harsh environments. Summary of the invention

[0003] Based on this, the present invention aims to provide an improved sound insulation structure to solve at least one of the above problems.

[0004] In a first aspect, the present application provides a sound insulation structure, wherein at least two relatively fixed sound absorbing structures are sequentially arranged along the propagation direction of sound waves, and the at least two sound absorbing structures include a first sound absorbing structure and a second sound absorbing structure;

[0005] Wherein, the first sound absorbing structure comprises a phononic crystal, and the phononic crystal is configured to absorb sound waves in a first frequency band; the second sound absorbing structure comprises at least one resonant cavity, and the at least one resonant cavity is configured to absorb sound waves in a second frequency band through resonance;

[0006] The lower limit value of the first frequency band is smaller than the lower limit value of the second frequency band.

[0007] The above-mentioned sound insulation structure is provided with a first sound absorption structure having phononic crystals along the propagation direction of the sound wave to absorb sound in the first frequency band, and a second sound absorption structure having at least one resonant cavity is provided to absorb sound in the second frequency band. Since the lower limit value of the first frequency band is less than the lower limit value of the second frequency band, the combination of the two can achieve lower-frequency wide-band sound absorption; and the acoustic characteristics and density differences of each sound absorption structure can cooperate with each other, which is conducive to improving the sound insulation amount of the sound absorption frequency band, further reducing the penetration of sound waves, and improving the sound insulation effect; in addition, the above-mentioned sound insulation structure can also reduce the use of porous sound absorbing materials, which is conducive to extending the service life and ensuring that the sound insulation structure still has good sound insulation performance under high temperature and high pressure environment.

[0008] In one of the embodiments, the sound insulation structure is an axisymmetric structure, wherein along the propagation direction of the sound wave, the second sound absorbing structure is respectively arranged on both sides of at least one of the first sound absorbing structures.

[0009] In one of the embodiments, an air gap is provided between at least one of the first sound absorbing structures and the second sound absorbing structure adjacent thereto, and the air gap is connected to the resonant cavity in the second sound absorbing structure.

[0010] In one of the embodiments, along the propagation direction of the sound wave, the value range of the air gap is 1 mm to 2 mm.

[0011] In one of the embodiments, a damping support is provided between at least one of the first sound absorbing structures and the second sound absorbing structure adjacent thereto, and the damping support has a hollow area.

[0012] In one of the embodiments, the phononic crystal includes a plurality of minimum repeating units that are sequentially connected and periodically arranged along at least one direction, and the minimum repeating unit includes at least one neck and a mass block connected to the at least one neck.

[0013] In one of the embodiments, the second sound absorbing structure includes a cover plate and a bottom plate arranged opposite to each other along the propagation direction of the sound wave, and a supporting structure arranged between the cover plate and the bottom plate; wherein the cover plate faces the first sound absorbing structure and is provided with at least one opening connected to the at least one resonant cavity, and the supporting structure, the cover plate and the bottom plate are enclosed to form a plurality of independent resonant cavities.

[0014] In one of the embodiments, the aperture of the opening ranges from 0.8 mm to 10 mm, the depth of the resonance cavity along the propagation direction of the sound wave ranges from 7 mm to 30 mm, and the porosity of the opening ranges from 0.5% to 85%.

[0015] In one of the embodiments, the bottom plate comprises a damping plate; and / or, a porous sound absorbing material is arranged in at least one of the resonance cavities.

[0016] In a second aspect, the present application provides a building material comprising the sound insulation structure as described in any of the preceding embodiments.

[0017] The above-mentioned building materials, including the sound insulation structure as described above, can effectively block the ingress and egress of sound and meet the user's demand for a quiet living environment. Among them, the above-mentioned building materials can be soundproof walls, soundproof windows, etc. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the implementation methods of this specification or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the implementation methods or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some implementation methods recorded in this specification. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the present application;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the present application;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a structural schematic diagram of a specific embodiment of the present application;

[0022] Figure 4 This is an exploded schematic diagram of a specific embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Figure 5 for Figure 4 The enlarged schematic diagram of the P part;

[0024] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of a transmission loss curve of a specific embodiment of the present application.

[0025] Component number description:

[0026] 100, sound insulation structure, 110, first sound absorption structure, 120, second sound absorption structure;

[0027] 200. Sound insulation structure, 210. First sound absorption structure, 211. Honeycomb hollow area, 212. Neck, 213. Mass block, 220. Second sound absorption structure, 221. Cover plate, 221A, opening, 222. Support structure, 223. Bottom plate, 230. Damping support, 231. Hollow area. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without violating the connotation of the present invention, so the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0029] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0030] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0031] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "disposed on" another element, it may be directly on the other element or there may be a central element. When an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or there may be a central element at the same time. The terms "vertical", "horizontal", "upper", "lower", "left", "right" and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to be the only implementation method.

[0032] Before describing the concept and embodiments of the present invention, the following related terms are explained:

[0033] 1. Sound absorption performance of materials: Focus on the size of the reflected sound energy on the sound source side, and the goal is to reduce the reflected sound energy; the sound-absorbing material reflects very little incident sound energy, and its usual structural characteristics are that the material has a large number of micropores that are interconnected from the surface to the inside, that is, it has a certain degree of air permeability;

[0034] 2. Sound insulation performance of materials: Focus on the size of the transmitted sound energy on the other side of the incident sound source, and the goal is to reduce the transmitted sound energy; sound insulation materials have very weak transmission of incident sound energy and can block the propagation of sound, so they are usually not as porous, loose and breathable as sound absorbing materials. On the contrary, their materials should be heavy and dense (such as steel plates, lead plates, brick walls, etc.);

[0035] 3. Weighted sound insulation: It is an acoustic parameter used to evaluate sound insulation performance, expressed as Rw. It is measured through a weighting network, taking into account the auditory characteristics of the human ear and the frequency characteristics of the sound insulation components. It can better reflect the sound insulation effect of the material or component, which is consistent with the subjective hearing perception. It can be calculated by subtracting the decibel number of the sound transmitted into the room from the decibel number of the outdoor noise. For example, the outdoor decibel of a certain sound is 85dB, and the decibel when it is transmitted into the room is 40dB, then the weighted sound insulation (Rw) of the window is 45dB. Generally speaking, the larger the weighted sound insulation Rw, the better the sound insulation effect, but the larger is not necessarily better. Other factors need to be considered, such as cost and installation difficulty.

[0036] The embodiment of the present application provides a sound insulation structure, which can absorb and attenuate sound waves and reduce the reflection and propagation of noise by combining at least two sound absorbing structures, thereby overcoming the problem that traditional sound insulation materials can only provide a relatively limited sound insulation effect and cannot meet the requirements of sound insulation and sound absorption at the same time.

[0037] like Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the present application provides a sound insulation structure 100, wherein at least two relatively fixed sound absorbing structures are sequentially arranged along the propagation direction of the sound wave, and the at least two sound absorbing structures include a first sound absorbing structure 110 and a second sound absorbing structure 120; wherein the first sound absorbing structure 110 includes a phononic crystal, and the phononic crystal is configured to absorb sound waves in a first frequency band; the second sound absorbing structure 120 includes at least one resonant cavity, and the at least one resonant cavity is configured to absorb sound waves in a second frequency band through resonance; wherein the lower limit value of the first frequency band is less than the lower limit value of the second frequency band.

[0038] Exemplarily, by periodically arranging different materials or structural units, a phononic crystal with a specific frequency band structure can be formed. Since sound waves are mechanical waves, their propagation is affected by the elasticity, density and wave velocity of the dielectric material. Therefore, by designing the structure of the phononic crystal, the propagation path of the sound waves can be controlled, thereby realizing the localization and manipulation of the sound wave energy. The phononic crystal of the present application is configured to absorb sound waves in the first frequency band, for example, it can absorb sound waves by forming local resonance, that is, the phononic crystal dissipates the vibration energy by converting the sound wave energy into other forms of energy (such as heat) during the vibration absorption process. This energy dissipation mechanism is the key to the vibration absorption effect of the phononic crystal, which can effectively reduce the vibration transmission in the structure, thereby reducing noise and preventing structural damage; further, resonant frequency matching is an important means to optimize the vibration absorption performance of the phononic crystal plate. By adjusting the resonant frequency of the phononic crystal to match the frequency of the sound wave to be absorbed, the scattering and energy dissipation of the sound wave in the phononic crystal are enhanced, and the vibration absorption effect is significantly improved.

[0039] Exemplarily, when the sound wave enters the resonant cavity, and when the acoustic impedance of the second sound absorbing structure 120 matches the acoustic impedance of the air, the sound wave can cause the air in the resonant cavity to vibrate violently to form resonance, thereby generating heat by friction with the side wall of the resonant cavity, so that the sound energy is first converted into mechanical energy and then into internal energy dissipation, thereby achieving resonant sound absorption. Usually, a single type of resonant cavity corresponds to a resonant frequency, but there is a near-field coupling effect between resonant cavities with different resonant frequencies, which can produce multiple coupled resonant frequencies, thereby broadening the sound absorption frequency band range and improving the overall sound absorption performance of the sound absorbing panel. Among them, the intensity of the coupling effect can be adjusted according to the interval of the resonant frequency. For example, the larger the interval of the resonant frequency, the greater the intensity of the coupling effect can be adjusted; the smaller the interval of the resonant frequency, the smaller the intensity of the coupling effect can be adjusted. Optionally, the resonant cavity may include a Helmholtz resonant cavity, a Fabry-Pérot (FP) channel, and the like.

[0040] Exemplarily, the lower limit value of the first frequency band is less than the lower limit value of the second frequency band, indicating that the first sound absorbing structure 110 can absorb lower frequency sound waves than the second sound absorbing structure 120. For ordinary porous materials, the lower the sound wave absorption frequency, the larger the volume required. For the meta-structure sound absorbing structure using a resonant cavity, although the volume required to absorb low-frequency sound waves is reduced compared to ordinary porous materials, it still occupies more space. The present application achieves the absorption of low-frequency sound waves through phononic crystals, which is conducive to further reducing the space occupied by the sound absorbing structure, and further helps to reduce the overall thickness of the sound insulation structure 100. Optionally, the first frequency band includes 100Hz to 500Hz, the second frequency band includes 500Hz to 3000Hz, and further, the second frequency band includes 500Hz to 1200Hz.

[0041] Exemplarily, adjacent sound absorbing structures may be bonded by adhesive to be relatively fixed.

[0042] The above-mentioned sound insulation structure 100 is provided with a first sound absorption structure 110 having a phononic crystal along the propagation direction of the sound wave to absorb sound in the first frequency band, and a second sound absorption structure 120 having at least one resonant cavity is provided to absorb sound in the second frequency band. Since the lower limit value of the first frequency band is less than the lower limit value of the second frequency band, the combination of the two can achieve lower-frequency wide-band sound absorption; and the acoustic characteristics and density differences of each sound absorption structure can cooperate with each other, which is conducive to improving the sound insulation amount of the sound absorption frequency band, further reducing the penetration of sound waves, and improving the sound insulation effect; in addition, the above-mentioned sound insulation structure can also reduce the use of porous sound absorbing materials, which is conducive to extending the service life and ensuring that the sound insulation structure still has good sound insulation performance under high temperature and high pressure environment.

[0043] In some embodiments of the present application, Figure 2As shown, the sound insulation structure 100 is an axisymmetric structure, wherein, along the propagation direction of the sound wave, at least one first sound absorbing structure 110 is provided with a second sound absorbing structure 120 on both sides thereof. Figure 2 The sound insulation structure 100 is symmetrical about an axis M (shown by a dotted line), and the axis M is perpendicular to the propagation direction of the sound wave. If the phononic crystals are directly arranged on both sides of the sound insulation structure 100 close to the outside, it is difficult for the sound waves to couple into the phononic crystals, which may easily lead to a poor sound insulation effect of the sound insulation structure 100; at the same time, since the phononic crystals are usually prepared with a steel plate as a substrate, they are heavy. By arranging the first sound absorbing structure 110 with the phononic crystals in the middle of the sound insulation structure 100, the overall weight distribution of the sound insulation structure 100 can be made more uniform.

[0044] In some embodiments of the present application, Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, at least one first sound absorbing structure 110 has an air gap with the second sound absorbing structure adjacent thereto, and the air gap is connected to the resonant cavity in the second sound absorbing structure 120. The resonant cavity can play a sound absorbing role only when it is connected to the air. Therefore, by providing an air gap between the first sound absorbing structure 110 and the second sound absorbing structure adjacent thereto, the second sound absorbing structure 120 can play its sound absorbing role, thereby ensuring the sound insulation effect of the sound insulation structure 100.

[0045] In some embodiments of the present application, along the propagation direction of the sound wave, the value range of the air gap is 1 mm to 2 mm, for example, it can be one of 1 mm, 1.2 mm, 1.4 mm, 1.6 mm, 1.8 mm, and 2 mm.

[0046] Optional, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, a damping support 230 can be provided between at least one first sound absorbing structure 210 and the second sound absorbing structure 220 adjacent thereto to separate the first sound absorbing structure 210 from the second sound absorbing structure 220, and a hollow area 231 is provided on the damping support 230 to form an air gap connected to the resonance cavity to ensure that the second sound absorbing structure 220 functions; in addition, the damping support 230 can also improve the equivalent elastic modulus of the whole sound insulation structure 200, thereby further reducing vibration and noise propagation and improving the sound insulation effect of the sound insulation structure 200. Optionally, the damping support 230 includes a rubber pad. Optionally, the thickness of the damping support 230 ranges from 1 mm to 2 mm, for example, it can be one of 1 mm, 1.2 mm, 1.4 mm, 1.6 mm, 1.8 mm, and 2 mm. It is understandable that if the damping support 230 is set too thick, it is easy to increase the thickness of the sound insulation structure 100, which is not conducive to the thinning of the structure. If the damping support 230 is set too thin, it is easy to reduce the overall elastic modulus of the sound insulation structure 100, which is not conducive to improving the sound insulation effect.

[0047] In some embodiments of the present application, Figure 5 As shown, the phononic crystal includes a plurality of minimum repeating units connected in sequence and arranged periodically along at least one direction, and the minimum repeating unit includes at least one neck 212 and a mass block 213 connected to at least one neck. The phononic crystal can be formed by periodically opening a hexagonal slit 211 on a steel plate, and finally a mass block 213 having a neck 212 and connected to the neck 212 is obtained. The phononic crystal can adjust its structural parameters (such as neck width, mass block size, minimum repeating unit period, etc.) according to the frequency of the sound wave to be absorbed, so that when the sound wave of this frequency is incident, it can form a local resonance when propagating in the phononic crystal, and then the sound energy is consumed by the vibration of the mass block 213 to achieve sound absorption. Optionally, the value range of the width of the neck is 0.8mm to 3mm, for example, it can be one of 0.8mm, 1.2mm, 1.6mm, 2mm, 2.4mm, 2.8mm, and 3mm. The size of the mass block can be determined according to the size of the honeycomb unit in the honeycomb support structure 222. For example, when the side length of the honeycomb unit in the honeycomb support structure 222 is L, the side length of the mass block can be in the range of 0.5L to 0.95L, for example, it can be at least one of 0.5L, 0.6L, 0.7L, 0.8L, 0.9L, and 0.95L. Optionally, the mass block is a hexagonal honeycomb, and the side length thereof can be in the range of 3mm to 50mm, for example, it can be at least one of 3mm, 10mm, 20mm, 30mm, 40mm, and 50mm. The above parameters can enable the first sound absorbing structure 110 to have a better absorption effect on low-frequency sound waves, especially for sound waves of 100Hz to 500Hz.

[0048] In some embodiments of the present application, see Figure 3 and Figure 4 , the second sound absorbing structure 220 includes a cover plate 221 and a bottom plate 223 which are arranged opposite to each other along the propagation direction of the sound wave, and a support structure 222 arranged between the cover plate 221 and the bottom plate 223; wherein the cover plate 221 faces the first sound absorbing structure 210 and is provided with at least one opening 221A connected to at least one resonant cavity, and the support structure 222, the cover plate 221 and the bottom plate 223 are enclosed to form a plurality of independent resonant cavities. It can be seen that each independent resonant cavity corresponds to a resonant frequency, but there is a near-field coupling effect between resonant cavities with different resonant frequencies, which can generate a plurality of coupled resonant frequencies, thereby broadening the sound absorption frequency band range and improving the overall sound absorption performance of the second sound absorbing structure 220. Optionally, the second sound absorbing structure can adjust its structural parameters (such as resonant cavity depth, opening aperture, opening rate, etc.) according to the frequency of the sound wave to be absorbed, so that when the sound wave of this frequency is incident, the air in the resonant cavity vibrates violently to form resonance through impedance matching, thereby consuming sound energy. It is understandable that the second sound absorbing structure 220 may also be provided with a micro-perforated plate to further broaden the sound absorbing frequency band and sound absorbing performance of the second sound absorbing structure 220 .

[0049] Optionally, the aperture of the opening 221A ranges from 0.8 mm to 10 mm, for example, the aperture of each opening 221A can be one of 0.8 mm, 1.5 mm, 2.5 mm, 4 mm, 6 mm, 8 mm, and 10 mm, the depth of the resonance cavity along the propagation direction of the sound wave ranges from 7 mm to 30 mm, for example, the depth of each resonance cavity can be one of 7 mm, 10 mm, 15 mm, 20 mm, 25 mm, and 30 mm, and the porosity of the opening 221A ranges from 0.5% to 85%, for example, it can be one of 0.5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 85%. The above parameters can make the first sound absorbing structure 110 have a better absorption effect on low-frequency sound waves, especially for sound waves of 500 Hz to 1200 Hz.

[0050] Optionally, the shape of the opening 221A is not limited to a circle, and may also be designed to be a square, a rectangle, a triangle, a diamond, etc. Optionally, the support structure 222 is a honeycomb support structure to improve the stability of the overall sound insulation structure 200 .

[0051] In some embodiments of the present application, the bottom plate 223 includes a damping plate; and / or, a porous sound-absorbing material is provided in at least one resonant cavity. By setting the bottom plate 223 as a damping plate, it can absorb vibration energy and reduce the resonance effect, thereby effectively controlling the vibration of the material and structure and reducing the transmission of noise; on the other hand, the provision of a damping plate is also conducive to improving the equivalent elastic modulus of the sound insulation structure, thereby further improving the sound insulation effect of the sound insulation structure 200. Optionally, the damping plate can be made of a soft material, such as rubber, polymer composite materials, etc. By providing a porous sound-absorbing material in at least one resonant cavity, it is conducive to broadening the sound absorption frequency of the second sound-absorbing structure 220, thereby improving the sound absorption effect of the second sound-absorbing structure 220, and then improving the sound insulation effect of the sound insulation structure 200.

[0052] Figure 6 FIG. 1 shows a transmission loss curve diagram of a specific embodiment of the present application, wherein the specific embodiment adopts Figure 3 and Figure 4 The sound insulation structure shown has a thickness of 27 mm, which is beneficial to reducing space occupation. It can be seen that the sound insulation structure of this specific embodiment has a good sound insulation effect from low frequency to high frequency, and its weighted sound insulation can reach 32 dB.

[0053] An embodiment of the present application also provides a building material, comprising the sound insulation structure as described in any of the above embodiments.

[0054] The above-mentioned building materials, including the sound insulation structure as described above, can effectively block the entry and exit of sound and meet the user's demand for a quiet living environment. Among them, the above-mentioned building materials can be soundproof walls, soundproof windows, etc. The above-mentioned building materials are compounded with different sound-absorbing structures, which absorb noise through phononic crystals and resonant cavity resonance systems, and can improve the sound insulation of the sound absorption frequency band, thereby eliminating the indoor "standing wave" and "reverberation" effects, and having sound insulation performance, preventing noise from propagating outdoors, and meeting the sound absorption, insulation and noise reduction needs of large scenes such as classrooms, hotels, concert halls, museums, libraries, film and television theaters, meeting rooms, and transportation facilities.

[0055] The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0056] The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present invention, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this field, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present invention shall be subject to the attached claims.

Claims

1. A sound insulation structure, characterized in that: At least two relatively fixed sound absorbing structures are sequentially arranged along the propagation direction of the sound wave, and the at least two sound absorbing structures include a first sound absorbing structure and a second sound absorbing structure; the sound insulation structure is an axisymmetric structure, wherein, along the propagation direction of the sound wave, the second sound absorbing structure is respectively arranged on both sides of at least one of the first sound absorbing structures; in, The first sound absorbing structure comprises a phononic crystal, wherein the phononic crystal is configured to absorb sound waves in a first frequency band, wherein the phononic crystal comprises a plurality of minimum repeating units that are sequentially connected and periodically arranged along at least one direction, wherein the minimum repeating unit comprises at least one neck and a mass block connected to the at least one neck; The second sound absorbing structure comprises at least one resonant cavity, the at least one resonant cavity is configured to absorb sound waves in a second frequency band by resonance, the second sound absorbing structure comprises a cover plate and a bottom plate arranged opposite to each other along a propagation direction of the sound waves, and a support structure arranged between the cover plate and the bottom plate, the cover plate faces the first sound absorbing structure and is provided with at least one opening communicating with the at least one resonant cavity, and the support structure, the cover plate and the bottom plate are enclosed to form a plurality of independent resonant cavities; in, The lower limit value of the first frequency band is smaller than the lower limit value of the second frequency band.

2. The sound insulation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first frequency band includes 100 Hz to 500 Hz, and the second frequency band includes 500 Hz to 3000 Hz.

3. The sound insulation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: An air gap is provided between at least one of the first sound absorbing structures and the second sound absorbing structure adjacent thereto, and the air gap is communicated with the resonance cavity in the second sound absorbing structure.

4. The sound insulation structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: Along the propagation direction of the sound wave, the value range of the air gap is 1mm to 2mm.

5. The sound insulation structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: A damping support is arranged between at least one of the first sound absorbing structures and the second sound absorbing structure adjacent thereto, and the damping support has a hollow area.

6. The sound insulation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aperture of the opening is in the range of 0.8 mm to 10 mm, the depth of the resonance cavity along the propagation direction of the sound wave is in the range of 7 mm to 30 mm, and the porosity of the opening is in the range of 0.5% to 85%.

7. The sound insulation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom plate includes a damping plate; and / or, a porous sound absorbing material is arranged in at least one of the resonance cavities.

8. The sound insulation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The width of the neck ranges from 0.8 mm to 3 mm; the support structure is a honeycomb support structure, and the side length of the mass block ranges from 0.5L to 0.95L, wherein L represents the side length of the honeycomb unit in the honeycomb support structure.

9. The sound insulation structure according to claim 8, characterized in that: The side length of the honeycomb unit ranges from 3 mm to 50 mm.

10. A building material, characterized in that: The invention comprises the sound insulation structure as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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