A design method and test system for a column structure ultimate bearing capacity test model

Abstract

The present invention relates to a design method for a test model of the ultimate bearing capacity of a column structure, comprising the following steps: the first step: the column is an elliptical column, in a three-dimensional coordinate system, the coordinate origin O is the center of the ellipse of the bottom section of the column, the X axis is the direction of the major axis of the elliptical section, the Y axis is the direction of the minor axis of the elliptical section, and the Z axis is the height direction of the column; the second step: the major axis of the elliptical section is ≥2m, the height of the elliptical column is ≥3m, and the ultimate bearing capacity in the height direction is ≥500t; the third step: a bottom plate is provided at the bottom end of the column, the length of the bottom plate is 1.1-1.2 times the major axis of the elliptical section, and the width of the bottom plate is 1.2-1.3 times the minor axis of the elliptical section; the fourth step: a plurality of transverse brackets and longitudinal brackets are provided between the column and the bottom plate. The present invention can provide technical means for studying the damage mechanism and failure mode of large column structures under extreme compression loads, and thus provide support for the design of large column structures.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ship structure bearing capacity testing, in particular to a column structure ultimate bearing capacity testing model design method and a testing system. Background Art

[0002] In the field of shipbuilding and marine engineering, accurately understanding the damage evolution process and failure mode of typical structures under extreme loads is of great significance for the formulation of structural strength criteria and structural safety design. For column structures, considering the actual working conditions, it is necessary to conduct experiments to study the response characteristics of the structure when it is subjected to compressive loads in the axial direction (height direction).

[0003] In particular, when the height dimension of the column structure is large, the internal structure of the column is complex, and its height bearing capacity is very strong, the relevant test implementation will be difficult. On the one hand, the column structure must be placed in a suitable posture during the test, standing vertically or lying flat. Different methods have different corresponding instrument use requirements and loading methods, and the test results are different;

[0004] On the other hand, due to the large scale parameters of the column structure, in order to meet the implementation requirements of the ultimate bearing capacity test, a larger loading load and a larger displacement thread are required, and higher requirements are placed on the fixing device of the test object and related safety protection devices.

[0005] Therefore, we propose a design method and test system for the ultimate bearing capacity test model of column structures. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the shortcomings in the above-mentioned existing production technology, the applicant provides a design method and a test system for a column structure ultimate bearing capacity test model, thereby providing a technical means for studying the damage mechanism and failure mode of large column structures under extreme compressive loads, and further providing support for the design of large column structures.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0008] A method for designing a column structure ultimate bearing capacity test model comprises the following steps:

[0009] Step 1: The cylinder is an elliptical cylinder. In the three-dimensional coordinate system, the origin O is the center of the ellipse of the bottom section of the cylinder, the X axis is the direction of the major axis of the ellipse section, the Y axis is the direction of the minor axis of the ellipse section, and the Z axis is the height direction of the cylinder;

[0010] Step 2: The major axis of the elliptical section is ≥ 2m, the height of the elliptical column is ≥ 3m, and the ultimate bearing capacity in the height direction is ≥ 500t;

[0011] Step 3: A bottom plate is provided at the bottom end of the column, the length of the bottom plate is 1.1-1.2 times the major axis of the elliptical cross section, and the width of the bottom plate is 1.2-1.3 times the minor axis of the elliptical cross section;

[0012] Step 4: Multiple transverse brackets and longitudinal brackets are arranged between the column and the base plate.

[0013] It is further characterized by:

[0014] The top of the column is arc-shaped.

[0015] The transverse bracket and the longitudinal bracket are both in the shape of a right-angle trapezoid.

[0016] The present invention also discloses a column structure ultimate bearing capacity test system, comprising:

[0017] A tripod, used to fix the column structure;

[0018] The three-dimensional transition section is arranged on the side of the column structure away from the tripod, so as to make the load on the column structure more uniform;

[0019] A loading system is arranged on one side of the three-dimensional transition section and loads the column structure through the three-dimensional transition section;

[0020] Among them, the column structure is in a horizontal state, and is supported by the first auxiliary tooling. The top of the column structure is arc-shaped, and the load application point of the loading system is located at the resistance center of the column.

[0021] The number of the tripods is an integer obtained by rounding off the length of the major axis of the elliptical cross section of the cylinder divided by 1.5. The multiple tripods are arranged at intervals and connected to the cylinder structure by bolts.

[0022] The column structure comprises a bottom plate and a column, the bottom of the column is welded to the bottom plate, and a transverse elbow plate and a longitudinal elbow plate are arranged between the column and the bottom plate.

[0023] The number of the transverse brackets is four times the number of the tripods; the number of the longitudinal brackets is determined according to the size of the minor axis of the bottom section of the elliptical cylinder, and the number is 4 or 6.

[0024] Two hooks are arranged at intervals on the top of the three-dimensional transition section, and a transition gasket is arranged between the three-dimensional transition section and the column structure.

[0025] A fourth auxiliary tooling is arranged at the bottom of the loading system, the loading system contacts the three-dimensional transition section through the third auxiliary tooling, and a second auxiliary tooling is arranged at the bottom of the three-dimensional transition section.

[0026] The loading system includes a single loading device and a double loading device.

[0027] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0028] The invention has a compact and reasonable structure and is easy to operate.

[0029] At the same time, the present invention also has the following advantages:

[0030] (1) A bracket is provided at the connection between the base plate and the column. The bracket is in the shape of a right-angle trapezoid. One side of the bracket is fixedly connected to the column, and the other side of the bracket is fixed to the base plate. The bracket parallel to the YOZ plane is the transverse bracket, and the bracket parallel to the XOZ plane is the longitudinal bracket. It enhances the connection strength between the column and the base plate.

[0031] (2) The bottom of the tripod is fixed on the horizontal ground. The side of the tripod is prefabricated with screw holes. The tripod and the base plate are fixed by bolts. The XOZ plane of the column is parallel to the horizontal ground of the laboratory. The bottom of the column is supported by the first auxiliary tooling, and the column structure is in a horizontal state. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the column structure of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 2 for Figure 1 main view.

[0034] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Top view of the .

[0035] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Side view of.

[0036] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the test loading transition section of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the test order loading device of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the experimental double loading device of the present invention.

[0039] Among them: 1. column structure; 101. bottom plate; 102. column; 103. transverse bracket; 104. longitudinal bracket; 2. tripod; 3. transition gasket; 4. three-dimensional transition section; 5. loading system; 6. first auxiliary tooling; 7. second auxiliary tooling; 8. third auxiliary tooling; 9. fourth auxiliary tooling. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The specific implementation of the present invention will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0041] like Figure 1-Figure 4 As shown, a method for designing a column structure ultimate bearing capacity test model includes the following steps:

[0042] The cylinder 102 is an elliptical cylinder. In the three-dimensional coordinate system, the origin of the coordinate is O, which is also the center of the ellipse of the bottom cross section of the cylinder 102. The X axis is the direction of the major axis of the ellipse cross section, the Y axis is the direction of the minor axis of the ellipse cross section, and the Z axis is the height direction of the cylinder 102.

[0043] The major axis of the elliptical cross section is ≥ 2m, the height of the column 102 is ≥ 3m, and the ultimate bearing capacity in the height direction is ≥ 500t;

[0044] A variety of frame materials parallel to the Z axis and ring ribs parallel to the XOY plane are arranged inside the column 102; the top of the column 102 is flat or has a certain arched arc shape;

[0045] The bottom end of the column 102 is provided with a bottom plate 101, which is of regular shape and made of steel. The length of the bottom plate 101 is greater than the length of the major axis of the elliptical cross section, and the length of the bottom plate 101 is 1.1-1.2 times the major axis of the elliptical cross section. The width of the bottom plate 101 is greater than the length of the minor axis of the elliptical cross section, and the width of the bottom plate 101 is 1.2-1.3 times the minor axis of the elliptical cross section. The bottom plate 101 and the bottom end of the column 102 are connected by full welding.

[0046] A toggle plate is provided at the connection between the bottom plate 101 and the column 102 . The shape of the toggle plate is a right-angled trapezoid. One side of the toggle plate is fixedly connected to the column 102 , and the other side of the toggle plate is fixed to the bottom plate 101 .

[0047] The bracket parallel to the YOZ plane is the transverse bracket 103, and the bracket parallel to the XOZ plane is the longitudinal bracket 104. A tripod 2 is arranged on the other side of the bottom plate 101. The number of transverse brackets 103 is four times the number of tripods 2. The number of tripods 2 is determined according to the length of the major axis of the elliptical cross section and the specific test conditions. The integer obtained by rounding off the length of the major axis of the elliptical cross section of the column 102 divided by 1.5 is the number of tripods 2. The position of the transverse bracket 103 is determined according to the position of the tripod 2. Four transverse brackets 103 are included within the width of a panel of a tripod 2; the transverse brackets 103 are symmetrical with respect to the XOZ plane; the lower base length and height corresponding to the trapezoidal type of the transverse bracket 103 close to the YOZ plane are smaller than those of the transverse bracket 103 far from the YOZ plane.

[0048] The number of longitudinal brackets 104 is determined according to the size of the minor axis of the bottom section of the column 102, and the number of longitudinal brackets 104 can generally be 4 or 6. When the minor axis of the elliptical section of the column 102 is small, that is, the width of the bottom plate 101 is small, 4 longitudinal brackets 104 can be set, and the 4 longitudinal brackets 104 are symmetrical to the XOZ plane, and 2 are set on both sides; when the minor axis of the elliptical section of the column 102 is large, that is, the width of the bottom plate 101 is relatively large, 6 longitudinal brackets 104 are set, in addition to 2 on both sides of the symmetrical XOZ plane, 2 should be set in the XOZ plane.

[0049] Bolt holes are correspondingly arranged on both sides of a single transverse bracket 103 for fixing the base plate 101 and the panel of the tripod 2. The position and size parameters of the bolt holes on the base plate 101 should correspond to the bolt holes on the panel of the tripod 2. The transverse bracket 103 away from the YOZ plane may have slightly more corresponding bolt holes.

[0050] like Figure 5-Figure 7 As shown, a column structure ultimate bearing capacity test system includes a tripod 2, a plurality of tripods 2 are provided, and the plurality of tripods 2 are used to fix the column structure 1, the bottom end of the tripod 2 is fixed to the horizontal ground, the side of the tripod 2 is prefabricated with screw holes, and the tripod 2 and the bottom plate 101 are fixed by bolts, the column structure 1 is in a horizontal state, and the XOZ plane of the column 102 is parallel to the horizontal ground of the laboratory. The bottom of the column 102 is supported by the first auxiliary tooling 6. The top of the column 102 is arc-shaped.

[0051] A three-dimensional transition section 4 is arranged on one side of the column structure 1 away from the tripod 2. The material of the three-dimensional transition section 4 is steel. A transition gasket 3 is arranged between the three-dimensional transition section 4 and the column structure 1. The transition gasket 3 is relatively thin and soft. The transition gasket 3 can be made of wood. Two hooks are arranged at intervals on the top of the three-dimensional transition section 4. A second auxiliary tool 7 is arranged at the bottom of the three-dimensional transition section 4. The second auxiliary tool 7 is used to support the three-dimensional transition section 4. A rolling wood is arranged at the bottom of the three-dimensional transition section 4 to ensure that during the test, when the test model is deformed greatly, the three-dimensional transition section 4 can synchronously slide the displacement of the large thread. The center line of the three-dimensional transition section 4 is flush with the XOZ plane of the column 102.

[0052] The loading system 5 includes a single loading device and a double loading device. When the scale parameters of the test model of the column structure 1 are relatively small and the bearing capacity is not large, consider using a single loading device. A fourth auxiliary tooling 9 is provided at the bottom of the loading system 5, and one end of the loading system 5 contacts the three-dimensional transition section 4 through the third auxiliary tooling 8. The single loading device provides the load during the implementation of the test. The loading end of the loading system 5 continuously squeezes the third auxiliary tooling 8, and the load is evenly applied to the top of the test model through the three-dimensional transition section 4. With the deformation or destruction of the model, the displacement of the loading end continues to increase. The fourth auxiliary tooling 9 is used to support the loading system 5 to ensure that the load application point is located at the resistance center of the column 102 test model.

[0053] When the scale parameters of the column structure 1 are relatively large and the bearing capacity is large, consider using a double loading device. The bottom of the two loading systems 5 is provided with a fourth auxiliary tooling 9, and both are in contact with the three-dimensional transition section 4 through the third auxiliary tooling 8. The double loading device provides the load during the test, and its loading end continuously squeezes the corresponding third auxiliary tooling 8; if the test model of the column 102 is a structure symmetrical with the YOZ plane, the loading load steps of the two sets of loading devices should be the same to ensure that the loading ends of the two sets of equipment have the same displacement history; if the column 102 is an asymmetric structure, the loading load steps should be considered separately to ensure that the loading ends of the two sets of equipment have the same displacement history. The third auxiliary tooling 8 is set between the loading system 5 and the three-dimensional transition section 4; the fourth auxiliary tooling 9 is used to support the loading system 5 to ensure that the output loads of the two sets of loading systems 5 are located on the resistance center line of the column structure 1. It can provide technical means for studying the damage mechanism and failure mode of large column structures under extreme compression loads, and thus provide support for the design of large column structures.

[0054] The above description is an explanation of the present invention, not a limitation of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined in the claims. Any form of modification may be made within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A column structure ultimate bearing capacity test system, characterized in that: include: A tripod (2) for fixing the column structure (1); A three-dimensional transition section (4) is arranged on a side of the column structure (1) away from the tripod (2) and is used to make the load on the column structure (1) more uniform; A loading system (5) is arranged on one side of the three-dimensional transition section (4) and loads the column structure (1) through the three-dimensional transition section (4); The column structure (1) comprises a bottom plate (101) and a column (102); the bottom of the column (102) is welded to the bottom plate (101); a transverse toggle plate (103) and a longitudinal toggle plate (104) are arranged between the column (102) and the bottom plate (101); the column structure (1) is in a horizontal state; the column structure (1) is supported by a first auxiliary tool (6); the top of the column structure (1) is arc-shaped; the load application point of the loading system (5) is located at the resistance center of the column (102); a second auxiliary tool (7) is arranged at the bottom of the three-dimensional transition section (4) for supporting the three-dimensional transition section (4); a rolling log is arranged at the bottom of the three-dimensional transition section (4) for ensuring that the three-dimensional transition section (4) can synchronously slide the displacement of the large thread when the deformation of the test model is large during the test.

2. A column structure ultimate bearing capacity test system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the tripods (2) is an integer obtained by dividing the length of the major axis of the elliptical cross section of the column (102) by 1.5 and rounding off. The plurality of tripods (2) are arranged at intervals and connected to the column structure (1) via bolts.

3. A column structure ultimate bearing capacity test system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the transverse brackets (103) is four times the number of the tripods (2); the number of the longitudinal brackets (104) is determined according to the size of the minor axis of the bottom section of the elliptical cylinder, and is 4 or 6.

4. A column structure ultimate bearing capacity test system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: Two hooks are arranged at intervals on the top of the three-dimensional transition section (4), and a transition gasket (3) is arranged between the three-dimensional transition section (4) and the column structure (1).

5. A column structure ultimate bearing capacity testing system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: A fourth auxiliary tooling (9) is provided at the bottom of the loading system (5), the loading system (5) contacts the three-dimensional transition section (4) through a third auxiliary tooling (8), and a second auxiliary tooling (7) is provided at the bottom of the three-dimensional transition section (4).

6. A column structure ultimate bearing capacity test system as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The loading system (5) comprises a single loading device and a double loading device.

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