Laser and arc composite oscillation welding device

Abstract

The invention discloses a laser and arc composite oscillating welding device, comprising a welding gun, a laser head, a connecting assembly, a filament spacing adjustment assembly, a motor drive assembly and an angle adjustment assembly; the connecting assembly comprises a flange connecting column, a main body rib plate, an oscillating welding gun main body connecting plate and a laser head connecting plate, the oscillating welding gun main body connecting plate is connected to the filament spacing adjustment assembly and the motor drive assembly, and the laser head connecting plate is fixed to the laser head; the angle adjustment assembly is connected to the motor drive assembly, and the welding gun is fixed to the angle adjustment assembly; the invention combines laser oscillation and arc oscillation to obtain a laser and arc composite heat source, giving full play to the advantages of laser and arc composite welding and oscillating welding; at the same time, by increasing the melt width, the acceptable weld gap of the welding process is increased and the fault tolerance of the workpiece assembly is improved; by stirring the molten pool, the flow behavior of the molten pool is changed to make the distribution of metal elements in the weld more uniform; by combining the heat sources, the heat input is increased and the penetration depth is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of welding equipment, and in particular relates to a laser and arc composite oscillation welding device. Background Art

[0002] Laser-arc hybrid welding is a new welding technology that uses two heat sources, laser and arc, to melt the metal base material, thus forming a metallurgical bond between the welded workpieces. Single laser welding has high energy density, small thermal deformation, and fast welding speed; arc welding has strong bridging ability and can weld a wide range of materials; laser-arc hybrid welding fully utilizes the advantages of single laser welding and arc welding by combining two heat sources. During the welding process, the laser stabilizes the arc and enhances the droplet transfer ability, while the arc improves the metal's absorption capacity of the laser, effectively increasing the penetration depth and joint adaptability through heat source coupling. At present, laser-arc hybrid welding is widely used in the welding and manufacturing of medium and thick plates. However, laser-arc hybrid welding has many process parameters and is difficult to control, which leads to defects such as undercut and spatter at the weld edge. In addition, the poor arc penetration ability leads to uneven weld structure along the penetration direction.

[0003] Swing welding uses galvanometer movement, robot swing, motor drive and other methods to make the heat source swing forward along a specific trajectory. Swing welding significantly increases the length of the heat source's travel path by swinging the heat source, reducing the impact of heat input on the quality of the joint; the stirring effect of the swinging heat source on the molten pool promotes the escape of weld gas and reduces the temperature gradient, thereby achieving the effect of reducing porosity and refining grains. At the same time, during the welding process, the swinging of the heat source promotes the spreading of molten metal, improves weld formation, and suppresses defects such as spatter, undercuts, and humps. However, compared with traditional welding, swing welding has a smaller weld penetration due to the dispersed heat input. Therefore, it is necessary to propose a new laser and arc composite swinging welding device, which combines the two swinging heat sources of swinging laser and swinging arc through a mechanical device to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides a laser and arc composite oscillating welding device, which effectively solves the problems of frequent defects such as undercut, spatter, and hump in laser-arc composite welding and uneven weld structure along the penetration direction by combining oscillating laser and oscillating arc, as well as the problems of dispersed heat input and small penetration in oscillating welding.

[0005] To solve the above problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] An embodiment of the present invention provides a laser and arc composite oscillating welding device, which comprises a welding gun (19), a laser head (20), a connecting assembly, a light wire spacing adjustment assembly, a motor drive assembly and an angle adjustment assembly; the connecting assembly comprises a flange connecting column (1), a main body rib plate (2), an oscillating welding gun main body connecting plate (3) and a laser head connecting plate (4); the flange connecting column (1) is connected to the end of a robot; the main body rib plate (2) is connected to the flange connecting column (1); the oscillating welding gun main body connecting plate (3) and the laser head connecting plate (4) are connected to the main body rib plate (2); the oscillating welding gun main body connecting plate (3) is connected to the light wire spacing adjustment assembly and the motor drive assembly; the laser head (20) is fixed to the laser head connecting plate (4);

[0007] The filament spacing adjustment assembly includes a Z-axis adjustment component (5), an XY adjustment component fixing plate (6), an X-axis adjustment component (7) and a Y-axis adjustment component (8); the motor drive assembly includes a motor body (9), a slide (10), a first welding gun and motor connecting plate (11), a second welding gun and motor connecting plate (12), a motor fixing bottom plate (13) and a first motor fixing reinforcement rib (14), a motor fixing side plate (15) and a second motor fixing reinforcement rib (16); the angle adjustment assembly includes a welding gun angle adjustment plate (17) and a welding gun fixing plate (18);

[0008] The Z-axis adjustment component (5) is arranged on the swing welding gun main body connecting plate (3), the XY adjustment component fixing plate (6) and the X-axis adjustment component (7) are arranged on the Z-axis adjustment component (5), and the Y-axis adjustment component (8) is connected to the X-axis adjustment component (7);

[0009] The slide (10) and the motor fixing base plate (13) are respectively installed on both sides of the motor body (9); the motor fixing side plate (15) is connected to the motor fixing base plate (13); a first motor fixing reinforcing rib (14) and a second motor fixing reinforcing rib (16) are installed between the motor fixing base plate (13) and the motor fixing side plate (15); the motor fixing side plate (15) is connected to the Y-axis adjustment component (8);

[0010] The second welding gun and motor connecting plate (12) is connected to the slide (10), and the first welding gun and motor connecting plate (11) is connected to the second welding gun and motor connecting plate (12); the welding gun angle adjustment plate (17) is connected to the first welding gun and motor connecting plate (11), the welding gun fixing plate (18) is connected to the welding gun angle adjustment plate (17), and the welding gun (19) is fixed on the welding gun fixing plate (18).

[0011] According to an optional embodiment of the present invention, a first workpiece (21) and a second workpiece (25) to be welded are provided below the welding gun (19) and the laser head (20).

[0012] According to an optional embodiment of the present invention, the Z-axis adjustment component (5) is used to adjust the axis of the welding gun (19) so that it is installed on the same plane as the axis of the laser beam (22) of the laser head (20), ensuring that the line connecting the welding wire of the welding gun (19) and the midpoint of the laser spot of the laser head (20) is on the same straight line as the welding path, and the adjustment range is 0 to 20 mm;

[0013] The X-axis adjustment component (7) is used to adjust the light wire spacing (26) between the welding wire of the welding gun (19) and the laser beam (22), and the adjustment range of the light wire spacing (26) is 0 to 50 mm;

[0014] The Y-axis adjustment component (8) is used to adjust the distance between the welding gun (19) and the zero-focal-length plane of the laser beam (22). The upper and lower distances between the welding gun (19) and the zero-focal-length plane of the laser beam (22) can be adjusted. The upper and lower distance adjustment ranges are 0 to 20 mm respectively. The Y-axis adjustment component (8) is adjusted according to welding requirements to achieve positive defocus welding and negative defocus welding.

[0015] According to an optional embodiment of the present invention, the motor body (9) is used to provide driving force for the swinging arc. Under the drive of the motor, the welding wire is swung through the slide (10), the first welding gun and motor connecting plate (11), the second welding gun and motor connecting plate (12) and the angle adjustment assembly connecting the welding gun (19), thereby providing a swinging heat source for welding.

[0016] According to an optional embodiment of the present invention, the welding gun fixing plate (18) is used to connect the welding gun (19) and the welding gun angle adjustment plate (17). During installation, the inclination angle of the welding gun (19) is adjusted by adjusting the angle of the welding gun angle adjustment plate (17). The adjustment range of the inclination angle of the welding gun (19) is 20° to 60°.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the laser and arc composite oscillation welding device proposed in the embodiment of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] (1) The present invention combines laser oscillation and arc oscillation to obtain a laser and arc composite heat source, giving full play to the advantages of laser and arc composite welding and oscillation welding; at the same time, by increasing the weld width, the acceptable weld gap of the welding process is increased and the fault tolerance of the workpiece assembly is improved; by stirring the molten pool, the flow behavior of the molten pool is changed to make the distribution of metal elements in the weld more uniform; by combining the heat source, the heat input is increased and the penetration depth is increased.

[0019] (2) The present invention realizes the combination of two oscillating heat sources, oscillating laser and oscillating arc, through the filament spacing adjustment component. By setting the oscillating trajectory, oscillating frequency and oscillating amplitude, the heat sources are well coupled, achieving the effects of stabilizing the arc, increasing the laser absorption rate, and improving the keyhole stability.

[0020] (3) The present invention can also combine an independent swinging arc heat source and an independent swinging laser heat source. By independently adjusting the arc swing frequency and swing amplitude and the laser beam swing frequency and swing amplitude, it can meet the welding needs of ships, bridges, aerospace and other fields. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments or the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0022] Figure 1 A structural schematic diagram of a laser and arc composite oscillation welding device provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0023] Figure 2 Another structural schematic diagram of a laser and arc composite oscillation welding device provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0024] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a laser and arc composite oscillating welding device provided in an embodiment of the present application using an arc-guided laser process.

[0025] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a laser and arc composite oscillating welding device using a laser-guided arc process provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0026] Explanation of the accompanying drawings: flange connecting column 1, main body rib 2, swing welding gun main body connecting plate 3, laser head connecting plate 4, Z-axis adjustment component 5, XY adjustment component fixing plate 6, X-axis adjustment component 7, Y-axis adjustment component 8, motor body 9, slide 10, first welding gun and motor connecting plate 11, second welding gun and motor connecting plate 12, motor fixed bottom plate 13, first motor fixed reinforcement rib 14, motor fixed side plate 15, second motor fixed reinforcement rib 16, welding gun angle adjustment plate 17, welding gun fixing plate 18, welding gun 19, laser head 20, first workpiece 20, laser beam 22, weld 23, joint gap 24, second workpiece 25, filament spacing 26, welding direction 27. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0028] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a laser and arc composite oscillation welding device, including a welding gun 19, a laser head 20, a connecting component, a filament spacing adjustment component, a motor drive component and an angle adjustment component.

[0029] The connection assembly includes a flange connection column 1, a main body rib plate 2, an oscillating welding gun main body connection plate 3, and a laser head connection plate 4. The flange connection column 1 is connected to the end of the robot, the main body rib plate 2 is connected to the flange connection column 1, the oscillating welding gun main body connection plate 3 and the laser head connection plate 4 are connected to the main body rib plate 2. The oscillating welding gun main body connection plate 3 is connected to the filament spacing adjustment assembly and the motor drive assembly, and the laser head 20 is fixed to the laser head connection plate 4. The angle adjustment assembly is connected to the motor drive assembly, and the welding gun 19 is fixed to the angle adjustment assembly.

[0030] The filament spacing adjustment assembly includes a Z-axis adjustment component 5, an XY adjustment component fixing plate 6, an X-axis adjustment component 7, and a Y-axis adjustment component 8. The motor drive assembly includes a motor body 9, a slide 10, a first welding gun and motor connection plate 11, a second welding gun and motor connection plate 12, a motor fixing base plate 13, a first motor fixing reinforcement rib 14, a motor fixing side plate 15, and a second motor fixing reinforcement rib 16. The angle adjustment assembly includes a welding gun angle adjustment plate 17 and a welding gun fixing plate 18.

[0031] The Z-axis adjustment component 5 is arranged on the oscillating welding gun main body connecting plate 3 , the XY adjustment component fixing plate 6 and the X-axis adjustment component 7 are arranged on the Z-axis adjustment component 5 , and the Y-axis adjustment component 8 is connected to the X-axis adjustment component 7 .

[0032] The slide 10 and the motor fixed base plate 13 are respectively installed on both sides of the motor body 9. The motor fixed base plate 13 is connected to the motor fixed side plate 15. The first motor fixed reinforcement rib 14 and the second motor fixed reinforcement rib 16 are installed between the motor fixed base plate 13 and the motor fixed side plate 15. The motor fixed side plate 15 is connected to the Y-axis adjustment component 8.

[0033] The second welding gun and motor connecting plate 12 is connected to the slide 10, and the first welding gun and motor connecting plate 11 is connected to the second welding gun and motor connecting plate 12; the welding gun angle adjustment plate 17 is connected to the first welding gun and motor connecting plate 11, the welding gun fixing plate 18 is connected to the welding gun angle adjustment plate 17, and the welding gun 19 is fixed on the welding gun fixing plate 18.

[0034] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, a first workpiece 21 and a second workpiece 25 to be welded are arranged below the welding gun 19 and the laser head 20 . Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the arc-guided laser process in a welding device that combines laser and arc oscillation. Figure 4 Schematic diagram of a laser-guided arc welding device employing a laser-guided arc process. A wire spacing 26 is formed between the welding wire of welding torch 19 and laser beam 22. Weld seam 23 represents the weld location between first workpiece 21 and second workpiece 25. Joint gap 24 represents the gap between first workpiece 21 and second workpiece 25. Welding direction 27 represents the direction of movement of the welding wire of welding torch 19 and laser beam 22.

[0035] The Z-axis adjustment component 5 is used to adjust the axis of the welding gun 19 so that it is installed on the same plane as the axis of the laser beam 22 of the laser head 20, ensuring that the line connecting the welding wire of the welding gun 19 and the midpoint of the laser spot of the laser head 20 is on the same straight line as the welding path. The adjustment range is 0 to 20 mm.

[0036] The X-axis adjustment component 7 is used to adjust the wire spacing 26 between the welding wire of the welding gun 19 and the laser beam 22. The adjustment range of the wire spacing 26 is 0 to 50 mm.

[0037] The Y-axis adjustment component 8 is used to adjust the distance between the welding gun 19 and the zero-focal-length plane of the laser beam 22. Both the upper and lower distances between the welding gun 19 and the zero-focal-length plane of the laser beam 22 are adjustable, with an adjustment range of 0 to 20 mm. Depending on the welding requirements, the Y-axis adjustment component 8 can be adjusted to achieve positive or negative defocus welding. Positive defocus means the focus is above the workpiece; negative defocus means the focus is inside the workpiece, that is, below the welding surface.

[0038] The motor body 9 is used to provide driving force for the swinging arc. Under the drive of the motor, the welding wire is swung through the slide 10, the first welding gun and the motor connecting plate 11, the second welding gun and the motor connecting plate 12 and the angle adjustment assembly connecting the welding gun 19, providing a swinging heat source for welding.

[0039] The welding gun fixing plate 18 is used to connect the welding gun 19 and the welding gun angle adjustment plate 17. During installation, the welding gun 19's inclination is adjusted by adjusting the angle of the welding gun angle adjustment plate 17. The adjustment range of the welding gun 19's inclination is 20° to 60°. The welding gun inclination angle is the angle between the welding wire axis and the normal to the workpiece plane.

[0040] A laser-arc composite heat source is obtained by combining a swinging laser beam and a swinging arc above the first workpiece 21 and the second workpiece 25. According to welding conditions and welding requirements, two guiding modes, arc guidance and laser guidance, can be selected.

[0041] As described above, a laser and arc composite oscillating welding device of the present invention adopts a dynamic laser beam and an oscillating arc coupling method to realize laser-arc composite oscillating welding of medium and thick plate components. The molten pool is stirred by oscillating the laser beam, thereby improving the problem of uneven structure of the weld along the direction of penetration; and the welding wire is swung to ensure good fusion between the two sides of the weld and the base material. The oscillating laser beam changes the direction of the laser beam through the movement of the galvanometer, and then guides the laser beam to swing back and forth in the weld. Compared with the single laser welding process, the laser oscillating welding process using an oscillating laser beam changes the flow direction of the molten pool. The melt in the area near the solidification edge behind the molten pool flows from top to bottom, forming a counterclockwise eddy current circulation inside the molten pool, which is beneficial to bring other metal elements entering the molten pool to the lower part of the molten pool, and through a certain degree of stirring, the distribution of metal elements in the weld is made more uniform.

[0042] The laser head is used to provide an oscillating laser beam. The oscillation trajectory of the oscillating laser beam includes circular, linear, infinite, and figure-8 shapes. The oscillation trajectory is pre-set before welding according to welding requirements. The oscillation frequency of the oscillating laser beam ranges from 0 to 700 Hz, preferably from 50 to 300 Hz. The oscillation frequency is pre-set before welding according to welding requirements. Furthermore, the oscillation amplitude of the oscillating laser beam ranges from 0 to 6 mm, preferably from 0.5 to 3 mm. The oscillation amplitude is pre-set before welding according to welding requirements.

[0043] The swinging arc drives the welding wire to swing left and right through the motor, and then guides the arc to swing back and forth in the weld after the arc is struck. By adjusting the swing amplitude and frequency, the use of a swinging arc can increase the acceptable weld gap of the welding process compared to traditional arc welding, improve the fault tolerance of the workpiece assembly, reduce the time for placing and adjusting the workpiece, and further improve the welding quality and welding efficiency under high-power welding conditions. The swing frequency range of the swinging arc is 0 to 20 Hz, preferably in the range of 2 to 10 Hz, and the swing frequency is pre-set before welding according to the welding requirements. Furthermore, the swing amplitude range of the swinging arc is 0 to 10 mm, preferably in the range of 0.5 to 3 mm, and the swing amplitude is pre-set before welding according to the welding requirements.

[0044] The wire spacing adjustment assembly adjusts the relative position between the welding wire and the laser spot. The wire position is adjustable across the weld width within a range of 0 to 20 mm. The distance between the wire and the laser spot is adjustable across the weld direction within a range of 0 to 50 mm. In the height direction perpendicular to the workpiece surface, the distance between the welding gun and the zero-focal-length plane of the laser beam is adjustable up and down within a range of 0 to 20 mm. Furthermore, the angle adjustment assembly adjusts the angle between the welding wire axis and the normal to the workpiece plane within a range of 20 to 60 degrees.

[0045] In summary, although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, the above preferred embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention. A person skilled in the art may make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention shall be based on the scope defined in the claims.

Claims

1. A laser and arc composite oscillation welding device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a welding gun (19), a laser head (20), a connecting assembly, a light wire spacing adjustment assembly, a motor drive assembly and an angle adjustment assembly; the connecting assembly comprises a flange connecting column (1), a main body rib plate (2), an oscillating welding gun main body connecting plate (3) and a laser head connecting plate (4); the flange connecting column (1) is connected to the end of the robot; the main body rib plate (2) is connected to the flange connecting column (1); the oscillating welding gun main body connecting plate (3) and the laser head connecting plate (4) are connected to the main body rib plate (2); the oscillating welding gun main body connecting plate (3) is connected to the light wire spacing adjustment assembly and the motor drive assembly; the laser head (20) is fixed to the laser head connecting plate (4); The filament spacing adjustment assembly includes a Z-axis adjustment component (5), an XY adjustment component fixing plate (6), an X-axis adjustment component (7) and a Y-axis adjustment component (8); the motor drive assembly includes a motor body (9), a slide (10), a first welding gun and motor connecting plate (11), a second welding gun and motor connecting plate (12), a motor fixing bottom plate (13) and a first motor fixing reinforcement rib (14), a motor fixing side plate (15) and a second motor fixing reinforcement rib (16); the angle adjustment assembly includes a welding gun angle adjustment plate (17) and a welding gun fixing plate (18); The Z-axis adjustment component (5) is arranged on the swing welding gun main body connecting plate (3), the XY adjustment component fixing plate (6) and the X-axis adjustment component (7) are arranged on the Z-axis adjustment component (5), and the Y-axis adjustment component (8) is connected to the X-axis adjustment component (7); The slide (10) and the motor fixing base plate (13) are respectively installed on both sides of the motor body (9); the motor fixing side plate (15) is connected to the motor fixing base plate (13); a first motor fixing reinforcing rib (14) and a second motor fixing reinforcing rib (16) are installed between the motor fixing base plate (13) and the motor fixing side plate (15); the motor fixing side plate (15) is connected to the Y-axis adjustment component (8); The second welding gun and motor connecting plate (12) is connected to the slide (10), and the first welding gun and motor connecting plate (11) is connected to the second welding gun and motor connecting plate (12); the welding gun angle adjustment plate (17) is connected to the first welding gun and motor connecting plate (11), the welding gun fixing plate (18) is connected to the welding gun angle adjustment plate (17), and the welding gun (19) is fixed to the welding gun fixing plate (18); The welding gun fixing plate (18) is used to connect the welding gun (19) and the welding gun angle adjustment plate (17). During installation, the inclination angle of the welding gun (19) is adjusted by adjusting the angle of the welding gun angle adjustment plate (17). The adjustment range of the inclination angle of the welding gun (19) is 20° to 60°. The Z-axis adjustment component (5) is used to adjust the axis of the welding gun (19) so that it is installed on the same plane as the axis of the laser beam (22) of the laser head (20), ensuring that the line connecting the welding wire of the welding gun (19) and the midpoint of the laser spot of the laser head (20) is on the same straight line as the welding path, and the adjustment range is 0 to 20 mm; The X-axis adjustment component (7) is used to adjust the light wire spacing (26) between the welding wire of the welding gun (19) and the laser beam (22), and the adjustment range of the light wire spacing (26) is 0 to 50 mm; The Y-axis adjustment component (8) is used to adjust the distance between the welding gun (19) and the zero-focus plane of the laser beam (22). The upper and lower distances between the welding gun (19) and the zero-focus plane of the laser beam (22) can be adjusted. The upper and lower distance adjustment ranges are 0 to 20 mm respectively. The Y-axis adjustment component (8) is adjusted according to welding requirements to achieve positive defocus welding and negative defocus welding. A first workpiece (21) and a second workpiece (25) to be welded are arranged below the welding gun (19) and the laser head (20).

2. A laser and arc composite oscillation welding device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The motor body (9) is used to provide driving force for the swinging arc. Under the drive of the motor, the welding wire swings through the slide (10), the first welding gun and motor connecting plate (11), the second welding gun and motor connecting plate (12) and the angle adjustment assembly connecting the welding gun (19), thereby providing a swinging heat source for welding.

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