Multi-energy utilization cogeneration system

Abstract

The application relates to a method for utilizing a combined heat and power system, which comprises a supercritical water gasification reaction device, a supercritical water oxidation reaction device, a photovoltaic power generation device, a solar heat collecting device, a power generation device, an oxygen supply device, a heat exchange device, a separation device, a heat storage water tank, a liquid hydrogen storage tank, a purification separator and the like. The supercritical water gasification reaction device is used for completing sludge supercritical water gasification reaction; sludge supercritical water gasification reaction products flow through a second steam turbine, steam drives turbine blades of the second steam turbine to rotate at high speed to do work, converts heat energy of the steam into kinetic energy of the turbine blades, drives a main shaft of the steam turbine to rotate, thereby drives a first generator set to generate power, hydrogen is separated from the supercritical water gasification products in a second hydrogen separation device, the hydrogen is compressed into liquid hydrogen by a hydrogen compressor, the liquid hydrogen enters a liquid hydrogen storage tank, the liquid hydrogen storage tank provides hydrogen for a hydrogen fuel cell to generate power; the solar heat collecting device absorbs solar heat to heat sludge supercritical water gasification reaction products except hydrogen, solar cell panels absorb sunlight to generate power; the supercritical water oxidation reaction device completes supercritical water oxidation reaction, high-temperature and high-pressure steam generated by the supercritical water oxidation reaction drives turbine blades of a first steam turbine to rotate at high speed to do work, converts heat energy of the steam into kinetic energy of the turbine blades, drives a main shaft of the first steam turbine to rotate, thereby drives a second generator set to do work to generate power.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of new energy utilization and energy conservation technology, specifically a multi-energy cogeneration system. Background Technology

[0002] Sludge is a resource. Converting the organic matter in sludge into clean energy can achieve a win-win situation of sludge reduction and clean energy acquisition. Proper treatment of sludge can turn waste into treasure, enabling resource utilization and achieving sustainable environmental and economic development. Supercritical water gasification (SCWG) technology can recover energy from waste biomass and stabilize heavy metals. Utilizing the unique physicochemical properties of supercritical water, it can achieve efficient sludge gasification. Currently, the practical application of supercritical water gasification technology is still limited by funding and technology, and its commercialization faces significant challenges. SCWG has a very low conversion efficiency, with a net electrochemical efficiency of only 29% to 40%. To improve reaction efficiency, a relatively successful alternative is combined heat and power (CHP) technology. CHP technology can be used as a means to improve energy utilization and is currently a clearly encouraged and promoted approach.

[0003] Currently, the efficiency of sludge supercritical water gasification technology systems is low, and research on sludge supercritical water gasification polygeneration technology is limited. Meanwhile, due to the finite nature of conventional energy sources and the environmental pollution caused by traditional energy sources, new energy sources such as solar energy, biomass energy, and geothermal energy, which are characterized by environmental protection and renewability, are receiving increasing attention from various countries. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a multi-energy cogeneration system.

[0005] The objective of this invention is achieved as follows:

[0006] A multi-energy combined heat and power (CHP) system includes a supercritical water gasification reactor connected to a three-stage heat exchanger; a second steam turbine connected to the supercritical water gasification reactor; a first generator set connected to the second steam turbine; a first steam turbine connected to the supercritical water oxidation reactor; a second generator set connected to the first steam turbine; a third generator set connected to a gas turbine; a liquid hydrogen storage tank connected to a hydrogen fuel cell; a third steam turbine connected to underground hot water; a fourth generator set connected to the third steam turbine; a solar photovoltaic power generation device for supplying electricity to power users; and a hot water storage tank for supplying hot water to heat users.

[0007] The high-temperature and high-pressure steam generated by the supercritical water gasification reactor flows through the second steam turbine. The steam drives the turbine blades of the second steam turbine to rotate at high speed and do work, converting the thermal energy of the steam into the kinetic energy of the turbine blades, which drives the main shaft of the steam turbine to rotate, thereby driving the first generator set to operate to generate electricity to supply power users.

[0008] The high-temperature and high-pressure steam generated by the supercritical water oxidation reactor flows through the first steam turbine. The steam drives the turbine blades of the first steam turbine to rotate at high speed and do work, converting the thermal energy of the steam into the kinetic energy of the turbine blades, which drives the main shaft of the steam turbine to rotate, thereby driving the second generator set to operate to generate electricity to supply power users.

[0009] The high-temperature gas in the gas turbine drives the turbine blades to rotate at high speed to do work, thereby driving the third generator set to generate electricity to supply electricity users;

[0010] Liquid hydrogen storage tanks supply hydrogen to hydrogen fuel cells, which in turn generate electricity to power users.

[0011] Solar photovoltaic power generation devices collect sunlight and convert light energy into electrical energy to supply electricity users;

[0012] The flash evaporator flashes the water from the second purification separator. The steam generated by the flash evaporator flows through the third steam turbine. The steam drives the turbine blades of the third steam turbine to rotate at high speed and do work, converting the thermal energy of the steam into the kinetic energy of the turbine blades, which drives the main shaft of the steam turbine to rotate, thereby driving the fourth generator set to operate and generate electricity to supply electricity users.

[0013] Hot water storage tanks store underground hot water, and geothermal water pumps supply hot water to users.

[0014] The steam turbine and the heat exchanger are connected by a pipeline. The exhaust steam from the steam turbine outlet enters the heat exchanger to exchange heat with the reactants, thereby heating the reactants.

[0015] The multi-energy cogeneration system also includes a mixer connected to the heat exchanger by pipeline, a water storage tank and a sludge collection tank connected to the mixer, and the heat exchanger includes a primary heat exchanger, a secondary heat exchanger and a tertiary heat exchanger connected in sequence by pipeline. The supercritical water gasification reactor is connected to the tertiary heat exchanger by pipeline. The reactants are preheated by the primary heat exchanger, the secondary heat exchanger and the tertiary heat exchanger respectively before entering the supercritical water gasification reactor.

[0016] The supercritical water gasification reactor includes a reactant flow channel and a supercritical water gasification reaction chamber. A reactant nozzle is installed between the reactant flow channel and the supercritical water gasification reaction chamber. A first stirring rod is installed in the supercritical water gasification reaction chamber. Swirl plates are arranged on the inner wall of the first stirring rod and the inner wall of the supercritical water gasification reaction chamber. A water pump is installed on the pipeline between the water storage tank and the mixer, and a sludge booster pump is installed on the pipeline between the sludge storage tank and the mixer.

[0017] The water pump and sludge booster pump are started. The liquid in the water storage tank and the sludge in the sludge collection tank enter the mixer through the pipeline and are mixed to form the reaction material. The reaction material enters the reaction material flow channel through the first-stage heat exchanger, the second-stage heat exchanger and the third-stage heat exchanger. The reaction material enters the supercritical water gasification reaction chamber through the nozzle.

[0018] In the supercritical water gasification reaction chamber, the reactants are thoroughly mixed by the rotation of the first stirring rod. At the same time, swirling plates are installed on the inner wall of the stirrer to realize the swirling flow field design in the reaction chamber, enhance the mixing and separation of the flow field, and complete the supercritical water gasification reaction of sludge.

[0019] The bottom of the supercritical water gasification reaction chamber is equipped with a first residue discharge port, from which the residue is discharged under the action of gravity.

[0020] Sludge and water are pressurized by a sludge booster pump and a water pump, respectively, and flow through a mixer. The sludge and water mix in the mixer to form reactants. The reactants then flow through a primary heat exchanger. The steam turbine system includes a first steam turbine connected to a secondary heat exchanger via piping, a second steam turbine connected to a tertiary heat exchanger via piping, and a third steam turbine connected to the primary heat exchanger via piping. Exhaust steam from the third steam turbine enters the primary heat exchanger, where the reactants exchange heat with the exhaust steam, resulting in a second temperature increase. The reactants then flow from the secondary heat exchanger into the tertiary heat exchanger, where they exchange heat with the exhaust steam from the second steam turbine. After being heated three times, the reactants flow into the supercritical water gasification reactor.

[0021] The generator set includes a first generator set and a second steam turbine connected to the first generator set. The reactants undergo supercritical water gasification in a supercritical water gasification reactor, and the residue is discharged from the bottom of the reactor. The high-temperature, high-pressure steam generated by the supercritical water gasification reactor enters the second steam turbine. The steam drives the turbine blades of the second steam turbine to rotate at high speed, converting the thermal energy of the steam into the kinetic energy of the turbine blades, which in turn drives the main shaft of the steam turbine to rotate, thereby driving the first generator set to generate electricity. A second hydrogen separation device and a hydrogen compressor are respectively installed between the three-stage heat exchanger and the liquid hydrogen storage tank. The four tanks are connected to each other through pipelines. The gas flowing out of the three-stage heat exchanger is separated into hydrogen in the second hydrogen separation device. The separated hydrogen is compressed into liquid hydrogen by the hydrogen compressor and stored in the liquid hydrogen storage tank. The hydrogen is then fed into the hydrogen fuel cell to provide electricity to power users. The supercritical water oxidation reactor is used to complete the supercritical water oxidation reaction. The steam turbine unit that works with it is the first steam turbine. The high-temperature and high-pressure steam generated by the supercritical water oxidation reaction flows through the first steam turbine. The steam drives the turbine blades of the first steam turbine to rotate at high speed and do work, converting the thermal energy of the steam into the kinetic energy of the turbine blades, which drives the main shaft of the steam turbine to rotate, thereby driving the second generator set to operate and generate electricity.

[0022] The multi-energy combined heat and power system also includes a supercritical water oxidation reactor. The solar energy system includes a solar collector connected to a second hydrogen separator via a pipeline, a heliostat located on one side of the solar collector for reflecting solar heat, solar panels, and an inverter connected to the solar panels. The mixture other than hydrogen from the outlet of the second hydrogen separator enters the solar collector, where it absorbs solar heat reflected by the heliostat and is heated. After being heated, the mixture flows into the supercritical water oxidation reactor. The solar panels absorb solar energy to generate direct current, which is then supplied to electricity users via the inverter.

[0023] An oxygen storage tank is provided on one side of the supercritical water oxidation reactor. The oxygen storage tank is connected to the supercritical water oxidation reactor via a pipeline, and a second oxygen compressor is provided on the pipeline between the supercritical water oxidation reactor and the oxygen storage tank. The generator set includes a second generator set connected to the first steam turbine. The oxygen storage tank provides oxygen, which is pressurized by the second oxygen compressor and enters the supercritical water oxidation reactor. In the supercritical water oxidation reactor, the mixture from the solar collector and the oxygen complete the supercritical water oxidation reaction. The high-temperature and high-pressure steam generated by the supercritical water oxidation reaction flows through the first steam turbine. The steam drives the turbine blades of the first steam turbine to rotate at high speed and do work, converting the thermal energy of the steam into the kinetic energy of the turbine blades, which drives the main shaft of the steam turbine to rotate, thereby driving the second generator set to operate and generate electricity to supply electricity users.

[0024] The multi-energy combined heat and power system also includes a condenser, a gas-liquid separator, a first hydrogen separator, a carbon dioxide separator, and a combustion chamber, all connected sequentially by pipelines. The exhaust steam from the first steam turbine flows through a secondary heat exchanger, exchanges heat with the reactants, and then enters the condenser to be condensed. The gas-liquid mixture flowing out of the condenser is separated by the gas-liquid separator; water flows out from the bottom of the gas-liquid separator, and the remaining gas enters the first hydrogen separator. In the first hydrogen separator, hydrogen is separated and sent to a hydrogen compressor to be compressed into liquid hydrogen. The liquid hydrogen enters a liquid hydrogen storage tank, and the remaining mixed gas enters... A carbon dioxide separator separates carbon dioxide, and the remaining gas enters the combustion chamber of the gas turbine. An oxygen storage tank is connected to the gas turbine via a pipeline. The pipeline between the oxygen storage tank and the gas turbine is equipped with a first oxygen compressor. The first oxygen compressor pressurizes oxygen and delivers it to the combustion chamber of the gas turbine. Oxygen and methane-based gases are burned in the combustion chamber. The high-temperature, high-pressure gas produced by combustion flows through the gas turbine unit. The high-temperature gas in the gas turbine drives the turbine blades to rotate at high speed, thereby driving the third generator unit to generate electricity to supply electricity users.

[0025] The multi-energy combined heat and power system also includes underground hot water flowing through a first purification separator and a hot water storage tank. The underground hot water then flows through a second purification separator, where it is purified and enters a flash evaporator. The hot water is flashed in the flash evaporator, and the steam generated by the flash evaporation enters a third steam turbine. The steam flowing through the third steam turbine drives the turbine blades to rotate at high speed, converting the thermal energy of the steam into the kinetic energy of the turbine blades, which in turn drives the main shaft of the steam turbine to rotate, thereby driving a fourth generator set to generate electricity to supply power users. The exhaust steam from the outlet of the third steam turbine flows through a first-stage heat exchanger. In addition, users are connected to the hot water storage tank via pipelines. A geothermal water pump is installed on the pipeline between the users and the hot water storage tank. The underground hot water flows through the first purification separator and the hot water storage tank, and is pressurized by the geothermal water pump to supply hot water to the heat users.

[0026] The multi-energy cogeneration system also includes a supercritical water oxidation reactor, which includes a material flow channel and a supercritical water oxidation reaction chamber. A material nozzle is installed between the material flow channel and the supercritical water oxidation reaction chamber. The material flow channel is connected to a solar collector. A second stirring rod is installed in the supercritical water oxidation reaction chamber, and a pipe is installed at the bottom of the supercritical water oxidation reaction chamber to connect to an oxygen storage tank.

[0027] In the supercritical water oxidation reaction chamber, the mixture is fully mixed under the stirring of the second stirring rod. Swirl patches are arranged on the second stirring rod and the inner wall of the supercritical water oxidation reaction chamber, which can realize the swirling flow field design in the reaction chamber and enhance the mixing of the reaction fluid.

[0028] The bottom of the supercritical water oxidation reaction chamber is equipped with a second residue discharge port, from which the residue is discharged under the action of gravity.

[0029] The mixture, preheated in the solar collector, flows into the material flow channel and enters the supercritical water oxidation reaction chamber through the material nozzle. High-pressure oxygen from the second oxygen compressor enters the supercritical water oxidation reaction chamber through the oxygen nozzle. The oxygen and the mixture complete the supercritical water oxidation reaction in the supercritical water oxidation reaction chamber.

[0030] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0031] This invention achieves multi-system coupling, including a sludge supercritical water gasification system, a solar thermal collection system, a supercritical water oxidation system, a geothermal heating system, a steam turbine-driven generator power generation system, a gas turbine power generation system, a solar power generation system, and a hydrogen fuel cell power generation system. Currently, supercritical water gasification combined heat and power (CHP) technology has become a major research focus for improving the net electricity efficiency of supercritical water gasification technology, and sludge supercritical water gasification CHP technology can effectively improve the system's CHP efficiency.

[0032] This system plays an important role in sludge treatment.

[0033] This system includes a supercritical water oxidation system, in which the mixed materials undergo supercritical water oxidation reaction, and the oxidation process can achieve self-heating of the system.

[0034] This system combines with solar energy, geothermal energy, and hydrogen energy to generate heat and electricity, enabling the effective utilization of new energy sources.

[0035] This invention incorporates a multi-stage heat exchanger, which can fully utilize the waste heat from the exhaust steam at the outlet of the steam turbine and gas turbine. The exhaust steam flows through the heat exchanger to exchange heat with the reactants, and the preheating of the reactants can effectively improve system efficiency.

[0036] This system fully considers the utilization of byproducts in the supercritical water gasification reaction of sludge. Hydrogen is used for hydrogen fuel cell power generation; carbon dioxide is captured and stored underground to increase oil production during oilfield extraction; a mixture of methane and oxygen is burned in a gas turbine to generate high-temperature gas to drive a generator set for power generation.

[0037] The system not only considers electricity production but also generates heat energy, thereby realizing combined heat and power (CHP) of the sludge supercritical water gasification system.

[0038] The system includes hydrogen fuel cell power generation, photovoltaic power generation, geothermal power generation, gas turbine power generation, and steam turbine-driven generator power generation, solving the problem of unstable power supply caused by the use of a single energy source.

[0039] The system improves the supercritical water gasification reactor and the supercritical water oxidation reactor. The reactants and mixtures enter the reaction chamber through multi-stage nozzles. Swirl patches are arranged on the inner wall of the reaction chamber and the stirring rod to realize the swirling flow field design in the reaction chamber, enhance the mixing of the reaction fluids, accelerate the reaction rate, and improve the conversion rate of the reaction products. Attached Figure Description

[0040] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a multi-energy cogeneration system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a supercritical water gasification reactor according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the supercritical water gasification reactor from another orientation according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a supercritical water oxidation reactor according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the supercritical water oxidation reactor from another orientation according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0046] See Figures 1-5 This invention relates to a multi-energy combined heat and power (CHP) system, comprising a water pump 1, a sludge booster pump 2, a primary heat exchanger 3, a first steam turbine 4, a supercritical water oxidation reactor 5, a secondary heat exchanger 6, a condenser 7, a gas-liquid separator 8, a first hydrogen separator 9, a carbon dioxide separator 10, a supercritical water gasification reactor 11, a second steam turbine 12, a tertiary heat exchanger 13, a second hydrogen separator 14, a liquid hydrogen storage tank 15, a fourth generator set 16, a first oxygen compressor 17, a gas turbine 18, a solar collector 19, a heliostat 20, solar panels 21, an inverter 22, and a hydrogen fuel cell 23. 24. First generator set, 25. Power user, 26. Geothermal water pump, 27. Hot water storage tank, 28. Oxygen storage tank, 29. First purification separator, 30. Second purification separator, 31. Third steam turbine, 32. Second oxygen compressor, 33. Mixer, 34. Flash evaporator, 35. Hydrogen compressor, 36. Reactant flow channel, 37. Supercritical water vaporization reaction chamber, 38. Reactant nozzle, 39. First stirring rod, 40. Second stirring rod, 41. Material flow channel, 42. Supercritical water oxidation reaction chamber, 43. Material nozzle, 44. Oxygen nozzle, 45. Second generator set, 46. Third generator set, 47. Heat user, 48. Third oxygen compressor.

[0047] The outlet of the third-stage heat exchanger 13 is connected to the inlet of the second steam turbine 12; the outlet of the second hydrogen separator 14 is connected to the inlet of the solar collector 19; the outlet of the solar collector 19 is connected to the inlet of the supercritical water oxidizer 5; the outlet of the first steam turbine 4 is connected to the inlet of the second-stage heat exchanger 6; and the outlet of the third steam turbine 31 is connected to the inlet of the first-stage heat exchanger 3.

[0048] Steam turbines 31, 4, and 12 are connected to heat exchangers 3, 6, and 13, respectively. The waste heat of the exhaust steam from the steam turbine outlet is utilized to preheat the reactants. By-products are fully utilized through hydrogen fuel cell 23, methane combustion, and carbon dioxide capture and storage.

[0049] The first generator set 24, hydrogen fuel cell 23, inverter 22, second generator set 45, third generator set 46, and fourth generator set 16 are connected to the power user 25, avoiding the problem of unstable power supply caused by the use of a single energy source.

[0050] The geothermal water pump 26 supplies hot water from the hot water storage tank 27 to the heat user 47.

[0051] The operating steps of a multi-energy combined heat and power system and method are as follows:

[0052] Sludge supercritical water gasification reaction: Before startup, there is no flow at any inlet or outlet. First, turn on water pump 1 and sludge booster pump 2. Water and sludge enter mixer 33. In mixer 33, water and sludge are mixed to form reactants. The reactants flow through primary heat exchanger 3, secondary heat exchanger 6, and tertiary heat exchanger 13 respectively, and then enter reactant flow channel 36. The reactants enter supercritical water gasification reaction chamber 37 through reactant nozzle 38, and the sludge supercritical water gasification reaction begins.

[0053] Supercritical water oxidation reaction: The mixture preheated in the solar collector 19 flows into the material flow channel 41, passes through the multi-stage nozzle 43 and enters the supercritical water oxidation reaction chamber 42; high-pressure oxygen from the second oxygen booster pump 32 enters the supercritical water oxidation reaction chamber 42 through the oxygen nozzle 44, and the mixture and oxygen complete the supercritical water oxidation reaction in the supercritical water oxidation reaction chamber 42.

[0054] Methane combustion reaction: The supercritical water oxidation reaction products enter the condenser 7 and are condensed. The condensed mixture undergoes multi-stage separation to separate water, H2, CO2 and other mixed gases, mainly methane. Oxygen enters the gas turbine 18 through the first oxygen compressor 17. The mixed gas, mainly methane, begins to burn with oxygen in the combustion chamber of the gas turbine 18.

[0055] Workflow:

[0056] After being purified in the second purification separator 30, the underground hot water enters the flash evaporator 34, where it is flashed into steam. The steam drives the turbine blades of the third steam turbine 31 to rotate at high speed, converting the thermal energy of the steam into the kinetic energy of the turbine blades, which in turn drives the main shaft of the steam turbine to rotate, thereby driving the fourth generator set 16 to generate electricity, which is then supplied to the power users 25.

[0057] The underground hot water flows through the first purification separator 29 and enters the hot water storage tank 27. The hot water in the storage tank is then supplied to the heat users 47 via the geothermal water pump 26.

[0058] Sludge and water are pressurized by sludge booster pump 2 and water pump 1 respectively and enter mixer 33. In mixer 33, sludge and water form reactants. The reactants flow through primary heat exchanger 3 and exchange heat with the exhaust steam from the outlet of third steam turbine 31 to increase their temperature. After the first heating, the reactants flow into secondary heat exchanger 6 and exchange heat with the exhaust steam from first steam turbine 4 to increase their temperature a second time. The reactants flow out of secondary heat exchanger 6 and enter tertiary heat exchanger 13, where they exchange heat with the exhaust steam from second steam turbine 12 to increase their temperature a third time. After that, they flow into supercritical water gasification reactor 11.

[0059] The reactants undergo supercritical water gasification reaction in the supercritical water gasification reactor 11, and the residue is discharged from the bottom of the supercritical water gasification reactor 11 under gravity. The high-temperature and high-pressure steam generated by the supercritical water gasification reaction of the sludge enters the second steam turbine 12. The steam drives the turbine blades of the second steam turbine 12 to rotate at high speed and do work, converting the thermal energy of the steam into the kinetic energy of the turbine blades, which drives the main shaft of the steam turbine to rotate, thereby driving the first generator set 24 to operate and generate electricity, which is supplied to the power user 25. The exhaust steam from the outlet of the second steam turbine 12 flows through the third-stage heat exchanger 13. The gas flowing out of the third-stage heat exchanger 13 is separated in the second hydrogen separation device 14, and H2 is sent to the hydrogen compressor 35 for compression. The hydrogen is compressed into liquid hydrogen and stored in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 15. Then the hydrogen provides electricity to the power user 25 through the hydrogen fuel cell 23.

[0060] After the second hydrogen separation device 14 separates hydrogen, the remaining mixture enters the solar collector 19, where it absorbs solar radiation heat reflected by the heliostat 20 and is heated. The heated mixture then enters the supercritical water oxidation reactor 5.

[0061] Solar panel 21 absorbs sunlight and converts light energy into electrical energy (direct current) through the photovoltaic effect. Inverter 22 converts direct current into alternating current to supply electricity user 25.

[0062] Oxygen storage tank 28 is connected to second oxygen compressor 32. Second oxygen compressor 32 pressurizes oxygen. Oxygen is injected into supercritical water oxidation reactor 5 through oxygen nozzle 44. In supercritical water oxidation reactor 5, the mixture from solar collector 19 and oxygen complete supercritical water oxidation reaction. The high temperature and high pressure steam generated by supercritical water oxidation reaction flows through first steam turbine 4. Steam drives the turbine blades of first steam turbine 4 to rotate at high speed and do work, converting the thermal energy of steam into the kinetic energy of turbine blades, driving the main shaft of steam turbine to rotate, thereby driving second generator set 45 to operate and generate electricity, which is supplied to power user 25.

[0063] The exhaust steam from the outlet of the first steam turbine 4 flows through the secondary heat exchanger 6. After exchanging heat with the reactants, the exhaust steam enters the condenser 7 and is condensed. The mixture at the outlet of the condenser 7 is separated in the gas-liquid separator 8. Water flows out from the bottom of the gas-liquid separator 8, and the remaining gas flows through the first hydrogen separator 9. In the first hydrogen separator 9, hydrogen is separated, and the separated hydrogen enters the hydrogen compressor 35 and is compressed into liquid hydrogen. The liquid hydrogen enters the liquid hydrogen storage tank 15, and the remaining mixed gas enters the carbon dioxide separator 10. The carbon dioxide separator 10 separates carbon dioxide, which can be captured and sealed underground for use in fracturing oilfields. The remaining gas, mainly methane, enters the combustion chamber of the gas turbine 18, where the mixed gas is burned with oxygen supplied under pressure by the first oxygen compressor 17. The high-temperature and high-pressure gas generated by combustion drives the turbine blades to rotate at high speed, thereby driving the third generator set 46 to generate electricity to supply the power users 25.

[0064] A method for a multi-energy combined heat and power (CHP) system includes a supercritical water gasification reactor, a supercritical water oxidation reactor, a photovoltaic power generation unit, a solar thermal collector, a power generation unit, an oxygen supply unit, a heat exchanger, a separation unit, a hot water storage tank, a liquid hydrogen storage tank, and a purification separator. The supercritical water gasification reactor completes the supercritical water gasification reaction of sludge. The products of the supercritical water gasification reaction flow through a second steam turbine. The steam drives the turbine blades of the second steam turbine to rotate at high speed, converting the thermal energy of the steam into the kinetic energy of the turbine blades, which drives the main shaft of the steam turbine to rotate, thereby driving the first generator set to generate electricity. A second hydrogen separation unit separates the hydrogen from the supercritical water gasification products. A hydrogen compressor compresses the hydrogen into liquid hydrogen, which then enters the liquid hydrogen storage tank and is supplied to a hydrogen fuel cell for power generation. The solar thermal collector absorbs solar heat to heat the supercritical water gasification reaction products, excluding hydrogen. The solar panels absorb sunlight to generate electricity. In the supercritical water oxidation reactor, the mixture from the solar collector reacts with oxygen to complete the supercritical water oxidation reaction. The high-temperature and high-pressure steam generated by oxidation flows through the first steam turbine. The steam drives the turbine blades of the first steam turbine to rotate at high speed and do work, converting the thermal energy of the steam into the kinetic energy of the turbine blades, which drives the main shaft of the steam turbine to rotate, thereby driving the second generator set to operate and generate electricity. The exhaust steam from the outlet of the first steam turbine flows through the second-stage heat exchanger and then enters the condenser to be condensed. The condensed mixture is separated in multiple stages to separate water, hydrogen, carbon dioxide and a mixed gas mainly composed of methane. Hydrogen is compressed into liquid hydrogen and stored in liquid hydrogen tanks, which are then used to generate electricity from hydrogen fuel cells. Carbon dioxide is captured and sealed underground for use in fracturing oil fields. A mixture of gases, mainly methane, enters the combustion chamber of a gas turbine and is fully combusted with oxygen to generate high-temperature, high-pressure gas. This high-temperature gas drives the turbine blades to rotate at high speed to generate electricity. Geothermal energy is fully utilized. Part of it passes through a second purification separator and enters a flash evaporator, where water is flashed into steam. The steam enters a third steam turbine, which drives the turbine blades to rotate at high speed, converting the thermal energy of the steam into the kinetic energy of the turbine blades. This converts the steam turbine's main shaft to rotate, thereby driving a fourth generator set to generate electricity. The exhaust steam from the third steam turbine flows through a first-stage heat exchanger to preheat the reactants. Part of the hot water passes through a first purification separator and enters a hot water storage tank. A geothermal water pump supplies the hot water to heat users.

[0065] Furthermore, the reactants are preheated in multiple stages by passing through a primary heat exchanger, a secondary heat exchanger, and a tertiary heat exchanger before entering the supercritical water gasification reactor.

[0066] Furthermore, the high-temperature and high-pressure steam generated by the supercritical water gasification reactor flows through the second steam turbine. The steam drives the turbine blades of the second steam turbine to rotate at high speed and do work, converting the thermal energy of the steam into the kinetic energy of the turbine blades, which drives the main shaft of the steam turbine to rotate, thereby driving the first generator set to generate electricity to supply power users.

[0067] Furthermore, the second hydrogen separation device separates hydrogen, which enters the hydrogen compressor and is compressed into liquid hydrogen, which then enters the liquid hydrogen storage tank. The hydrogen is then used to generate electricity through hydrogen fuel cells to supply power to users.

[0068] Furthermore, the other mixtures from which hydrogen has been separated enter a solar collector, which absorbs solar energy to heat the mixture. The heated mixture then enters a supercritical water oxidation reactor.

[0069] Furthermore, the solar panels absorb solar energy to generate direct current (DC), which is then converted into alternating current (AC) by an inverter to supply electricity to users.

[0070] Furthermore, the mixture undergoes a supercritical water oxidation reaction with oxygen in a supercritical water oxidation reactor, where the mixture is partially oxidized by oxygen.

[0071] Furthermore, the high-temperature, high-pressure steam generated by the supercritical water oxidation reaction flows through the first steam turbine. The steam drives the turbine blades of the first steam turbine to rotate at high speed and do work, converting the thermal energy of the steam into the kinetic energy of the turbine blades, which in turn drives the main shaft of the steam turbine to rotate, thereby driving the second generator set to generate electricity to supply power users.

[0072] Furthermore, the exhaust steam from the outlet of the first steam turbine flows through the second-stage heat exchanger, where the waste heat is used to heat the reactants before entering the condenser to be condensed.

[0073] Furthermore, the condensed mixture is separated into water and gas in a gas-liquid separator.

[0074] Furthermore, the gas undergoes multi-stage separation. Hydrogen is separated and sent to a hydrogen compressor. The compressed hydrogen becomes liquid hydrogen and enters a liquid hydrogen storage tank. The hydrogen is used to generate electricity for users through hydrogen fuel cells. Carbon dioxide is captured and sealed underground for use in fracturing oil fields. A mixture of gases, mainly methane, enters the combustion chamber of a gas turbine and reacts with oxygen. The resulting gas flows through the gas turbine, where the high-temperature gas drives the turbine blades to rotate at high speed, thereby driving a third generator set to generate electricity for users.

[0075] Furthermore, after passing through the second purification separator, the high-temperature water enters the flash evaporator, where it is converted into steam. The steam then flows through the third steam turbine, which drives the turbine blades to rotate at high speed, converting the thermal energy of the steam into the kinetic energy of the turbine blades. This drives the main shaft of the steam turbine to rotate, thereby driving the fourth generator set to generate electricity for power users. The exhaust steam from the outlet of the third steam turbine flows through the first-stage heat exchanger to heat the reaction materials.

[0076] Furthermore, the extracted geothermal water flows through the first purification separator into the hot water storage tank, and the geothermal water pump supplies the hot water to the heat users.

[0077] Sludge supercritical water gasification reaction: Sludge and water enter the mixer through a sludge booster pump and a water pump, respectively, forming reactants in the mixer. The reactants are preheated by flowing through a primary heat exchanger, a secondary heat exchanger, and a tertiary heat exchanger before entering the reactant flow channel. The reactants complete the supercritical water gasification reaction in the supercritical water gasification reactor.

[0078] Supercritical water oxidation reaction: The mixture preheated by the solar collector enters the material flow channel of the supercritical water oxidation reactor. The mixture enters the reaction chamber of the supercritical water oxidation reactor through multi-stage material nozzles. Oxygen enters the reaction chamber of the supercritical water oxidation reactor through an oxygen booster pump. In the reaction chamber of the supercritical water oxidation reactor, oxygen and the mixture complete the supercritical water oxidation reaction.

[0079] Methane combustion reaction: The products of the supercritical water oxidation reaction flow through the first steam turbine and enter the condenser. After being condensed in the condenser, the products are separated in multiple stages to separate water, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and other mixed gases, mainly methane. The mixed gas, mainly methane, enters the combustion chamber of the gas turbine. At the same time, oxygen enters the combustion chamber through the first oxygen compressor. The mixed gas, mainly methane, begins to burn with oxygen in the combustion chamber.

[0080] The above describes the preferred embodiments of the present invention, illustrating and describing the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A multi-energy cogeneration system, characterized in that: It includes a supercritical water gasification reactor (11) connected to a three-stage heat exchanger (13), a second steam turbine (12) that works with the supercritical water gasification reactor (11), and a first generator set (24) that works with the second steam turbine (12). The high-temperature and high-pressure steam generated by the supercritical water gasification reactor (11) flows through the second steam turbine (12). The steam drives the turbine blades of the second steam turbine (12) to rotate at high speed and do work, converting the thermal energy of the steam into the kinetic energy of the turbine blades, driving the main shaft of the steam turbine to rotate, thereby driving the first generator set (24) to operate and generate electricity to supply power users (25). Sludge and water are pressurized and enter the mixer (33) through a sludge booster pump (2) and a water pump (1), respectively. In the mixer (33), sludge and water are mixed to form reactants. The reactants flow through the primary heat exchanger (3). The steam turbine unit includes a first steam turbine (4) connected to the secondary heat exchanger (6) by pipeline, a second steam turbine (12) connected to the tertiary heat exchanger (13) by pipeline, and a third steam turbine (31) connected to the primary heat exchanger (3) by pipeline. The third steam turbine (31) The exhaust steam from the outlet enters the first-stage heat exchanger (3), where the reactants exchange heat with the exhaust steam and are heated. After the first heating, the reactants enter the second-stage heat exchanger (6) and exchange heat with the exhaust steam from the outlet of the first steam turbine (4), where the reactants are heated a second time. The reactants flow out of the second-stage heat exchanger (6) and into the third-stage heat exchanger (13), where they exchange heat with the exhaust steam from the second steam turbine (12). After the third heating, the reactants flow into the supercritical water gasification reactor (11). A second hydrogen separation device (14) and a hydrogen compressor (35) are respectively provided between the three-stage heat exchanger (13) and the liquid hydrogen storage tank (15). The three-stage heat exchanger (13), the second hydrogen separation device (14), the hydrogen compressor (35), and the liquid hydrogen storage tank (15) are connected to each other through pipelines. The exhaust gas mixture at the outlet of the three-stage heat exchanger (13) enters the second hydrogen separation device (14). H2 is separated from the exhaust gas mixture in the second hydrogen separation device (14). The separated hydrogen enters the hydrogen compressor (35) and is compressed into liquid hydrogen, which is stored in the liquid hydrogen storage tank (15). The hydrogen is fed into the hydrogen fuel cell (23) to provide electricity to the power user (25). It also includes a supercritical water oxidation reactor (5). The solar energy device includes a solar collector (19) connected to the second hydrogen separation unit (14) by a pipeline, a heliostat (20) set on one side of the solar collector (19) for reflecting sunlight, a solar panel (21), and an inverter (22) connected to the solar panel (21). The mixture other than hydrogen from the outlet of the second hydrogen separation unit (14) enters the solar collector (19). The mixture in the solar collector (19) absorbs the solar radiation heat reflected by the heliostat (20) and is heated. After being heated, the mixture flows into the supercritical water oxidation reactor (5). The solar panel (21) absorbs solar energy and generates direct current through the photovoltaic effect. After being generated, it is supplied to the power user (25) by the inverter (22) as alternating current, or directly supplied to the user (25) as direct current. An oxygen storage tank (28) is provided on one side of the supercritical water oxidation reactor (5). The oxygen storage tank (28) is connected to the supercritical water oxidation reactor (5) through a pipeline. A second oxygen compressor (32) is provided on the pipeline between the supercritical water oxidation reactor (5) and the oxygen storage tank (28). The generator set includes a second generator set (45) connected to the first steam turbine (4). The oxygen storage tank (28) provides oxygen. The oxygen is pressurized by the second oxygen compressor (32) and enters the supercritical water oxidation reactor (5). In the supercritical water oxidation reactor (5), the mixture from the solar collector (19) is partially oxidized by oxygen. The high-temperature and high-pressure steam generated after the oxidation reaction flows through the first steam turbine (4). The steam drives the turbine blades of the first steam turbine (4) to rotate at high speed and do work, converting the thermal energy of the steam into the kinetic energy of the turbine blades, driving the main shaft of the steam turbine to rotate, thereby driving the second generator set (45) to operate to generate electricity to supply the electricity users (25). It also includes a condenser (7), a gas-liquid separator (8), a first hydrogen separator (9), and a carbon dioxide separator (10) connected to each other by pipes. The exhaust steam from the outlet of the first steam turbine (4) flows through the secondary heat exchanger (6), exchanges heat with the reactants, and then enters the condenser (7) to be condensed. The gas-liquid mixture flowing out of the condenser (7) is separated in the gas-liquid separator (8). Water flows out from the bottom of the gas-liquid separator (8), and the remaining gas flows through the first hydrogen separator (9). In the first hydrogen separator (9), hydrogen is separated and enters the hydrogen compressor (35) to be compressed into liquid hydrogen. The liquid hydrogen is stored in the liquid hydrogen storage tank (15), and the remaining mixed gas enters the carbon dioxide separator (10). Carbon dioxide separation device (10) separates carbon dioxide, and the remaining gas enters the combustion chamber of gas turbine (18). Oxygen storage tank (28) is connected to gas turbine (18) through a pipeline. The pipeline between oxygen storage tank (28) and gas turbine (18) is equipped with a first oxygen compressor (17). The first oxygen compressor (17) pressurizes oxygen and delivers it to gas turbine (18). Oxygen and methane-based gas are burned in the combustion chamber of gas turbine (18). The high-temperature and high-pressure gas generated by combustion flows through gas turbine (18). The high-temperature gas in gas turbine (18) drives turbine blades to rotate at high speed to do work, thereby driving the third generator set (46) to operate to generate electricity to supply electricity users (25).

2. The multi-energy cogeneration system according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a water storage tank and a sludge collection tank that are connected to the mixer (33) by pipeline.

3. The multi-energy cogeneration system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The supercritical water gasification reactor (11) includes a reactant flow channel (36) and a supercritical water gasification reaction chamber (37). A reactant nozzle (38) is provided between the reactant flow channel (36) and the supercritical water gasification reaction chamber (37). A first stirring rod (39) is provided inside the supercritical water gasification reaction chamber (37). Swirl plates are arranged on the inner wall of the first stirring rod (39) and the supercritical water gasification reaction chamber (37). A water pump (1) is provided on the pipeline between the water storage tank and the mixer (33), and a sludge booster pump (2) is provided on the pipeline between the sludge storage tank and the mixer (33). The water pump (1) is started and the sludge booster pump (2) is started. The liquid in the water storage tank and the sludge in the sludge collection tank enter the mixer (33) through the pipeline to mix and form the reaction material. The reaction material enters the reaction material flow channel (36) through the first-stage heat exchanger (3), the second-stage heat exchanger (6), and the third-stage heat exchanger (13). The reactants enter the reactant flow channel (36) and pass through the nozzle (38) into the supercritical water gasification reaction chamber (37). In the supercritical water gasification reaction chamber (37), the reactants are further stirred and fully mixed by the first stirring rod (39). At the same time, the first stirring rod (39) and the inner wall of the supercritical water gasification reaction chamber (37) are arranged with swirling patches to realize the swirling flow field design in the supercritical water gasification reaction chamber (37), enhance the mixing of the reaction fluid, and complete the sludge supercritical water gasification reaction. The bottom of the supercritical water gasification reaction chamber (37) is provided with a first residue discharge port, and the residue is discharged from the discharge port under the action of gravity.

4. The multi-energy cogeneration system according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes underground hot water flowing through the first purification separator (29) and the hot water storage tank (27). The underground hot water enters the second purification separator (30). After being purified, the hot water enters the flash evaporator (34). The flash evaporator (34) flashes the water from the second purification separator (30). The steam generated by the flash evaporation enters the third steam turbine (31). The steam flowing through the third steam turbine (31) drives the turbine blades of the third steam turbine (31) to rotate at high speed and do work, converting the thermal energy of the steam into the kinetic energy of the turbine blades, and driving the steam... The turbine shaft rotates, thereby driving the fourth generator set (16) to generate electricity to supply the electricity user (25). The exhaust steam flowing out from the third steam turbine (31) flows through the first-stage heat exchanger (3). In addition, the user and the hot water storage tank (27) are connected by a pipeline. A geothermal water pump (26) is installed on the pipeline between the user and the hot water storage tank (27). The geothermal water flows through the first purification separator (29) and the hot water storage tank (27) respectively. The geothermal water pump (26) pressurizes the water and supplies it to the heat user (47).

5. The multi-energy cogeneration system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The supercritical water oxidation reactor (5) includes a material flow channel (41) and a supercritical water oxidation reaction chamber (42). A multi-stage material nozzle (43) is provided between the material flow channel (41) and the supercritical water oxidation reaction chamber (42). The material flow channel (41) is connected to the solar collector (19). A second stirring rod (40) is provided in the supercritical water oxidation reaction chamber (42). A pipe is provided at the bottom of the supercritical water oxidation reaction chamber (42) to connect to the oxygen storage tank (28). Inside the supercritical water oxidation reaction chamber (42), the mixture is fully mixed under the rotation and stirring of the second stirring rod (40). Swirl patches are arranged on the inner wall of the second stirring rod (40) and the supercritical water oxidation reaction chamber (42). Swirl flow field design can be realized in the reaction chamber to enhance the mixing of the reaction fluid. The bottom of the supercritical water oxidation reaction chamber (42) is provided with a second residue discharge port, and the residue is discharged from the discharge port under the action of gravity; The mixture preheated in the solar collector (19) flows into the material flow channel (41) and enters the supercritical water oxidation reaction chamber (42) through the material nozzle (43). High-pressure oxygen from the second oxygen compressor (32) enters the supercritical water oxidation reaction chamber (42) through the oxygen nozzle (44). The oxygen and the mixture complete the supercritical water oxidation reaction in the supercritical water oxidation reaction chamber (42).

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