A desktop fully automatic drilling machine

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of drilling machines, and discloses a desktop full-automatic drilling machine, which includes a machine body, a workbench and a processing tool set. A moving seat is linearly movably arranged on the workbench, and a placing seat is arranged on the moving seat and can move synchronously with the moving seat or move relative to the moving seat; a driving structure is used to drive the placing seat to move; a one-way slipping structure is used to control the synchronous or relative movement between the placing seat and the sliding seat; a magnetic adsorption structure includes a containing cavity, a magnetic plate that rises and falls in the containing cavity, and a lifting structure that controls the lifting of the magnetic plate; a transmission structure. When the placing seat moves relative to the moving seat, it can control the lifting structure to drive the magnetic plate to rise and fall. This drilling machine uses magnetic attraction of the workpiece to replace the pressing plate to press the workpiece for positioning, ensuring product quality; and only one driving structure is required to drive the placing seat and the moving seat to move synchronously or drive the placing seat to move relative to the moving seat, realizing the switching of the workpiece between processing stations and realizing the magnetic attraction positioning or release of magnetic attraction of the workpiece.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of drilling machines, and particularly to a desktop full-automatic drilling machine. Background Art

[0002] A car door hinge (also called a hinge) is an important part during the installation of a car door, used to connect the car door and the vehicle body to realize the opening and closing of the car door. As shown in the workpiece 1 (car door hinge) Figure 1 shown, it includes a bottom plate 101 for installation on the car door and a connecting portion 102 for installation on the vehicle body. A bottom mounting hole 1011 is formed on the bottom plate 101; a pin shaft hole 1021 is formed on the connecting portion 102.

[0003] Chinese Patent No. 201820840081.X discloses a drilling and chamfering integrated machine for hinge processing, including a machine tool. A feeding device, a pushing device, and a pressing device are provided on the machine tool. The pushing device is arranged at the output end of the feeding device, the pressing device is placed on the moving path of the pushing device, a drilling machine and a chamfering machine are sequentially arranged on both sides of the pressing device. The pushing device includes a translation cylinder and a pushing member, and the pushing member and the machine tool are slidably connected through a slide rail. The pressing device includes a frame body, two lifting cylinders placed on the frame body, and a pressing plate placed at the output end of the lifting cylinder. A bottom plate for supporting the hinge is formed on the frame body, and a chute for the hinge to move when being pushed is also formed on the bottom plate.

[0004] In the above solution, the movement of the hinge between processing stations is driven separately by a translation cylinder, and the pressing and limiting of the hinge at the processing station are separately realized by driving the pressing plate to lift by a lifting cylinder. The movement and limiting of the hinge are respectively controlled by different driving components, with poor linkage and cumbersome operation steps, and there is room for improvement. In addition, the lifting cylinder drives the pressing plate to lift to press and limit the hinge. To ensure that the hinge does not move during drilling, a relatively large pressing force needs to be applied, which will cause the hinge to be deformed or damaged, increasing the defective rate and cost at the same time. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Aiming at the shortcomings in the prior art that the movement and limiting of the hinge are respectively controlled by different driving components with poor linkage, and the hinge will be deformed or damaged, increasing the defective rate, the present invention provides a desktop full-automatic drilling machine.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention is solved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A desktop full-automatic drilling machine includes a machine body, a workbench arranged inside the machine body, and a processing tool set arranged on at least one side of the workbench inside the machine body. The drilling machine further includes:

[0008] A moving seat and a placing seat, the moving seat linearly moves on a workbench along a direction close to or away from the body opening, the placing seat is arranged on the moving seat and can move synchronously with the moving seat or linearly move relative to the moving seat along the moving direction of the moving seat;

[0009] A driving structure for driving the placing seat to linearly move;

[0010] A one-way slipping structure is arranged between the moving seat and the placing seat. During the process of the placing seat moving towards the outside of the body, when the moving resistance received by the moving seat is less than a preset value, the placing seat and the moving seat move synchronously; when the moving resistance received by the moving seat is greater than or equal to the preset value, the placing seat slips relative to the moving seat; during the process of the placing seat moving towards the inside of the body, the placing seat first moves relative to the moving seat to reset and then drives the moving seat to move synchronously;

[0011] A magnetic adsorption structure includes a receiving cavity arranged inside the placing seat, a magnetic plate that moves up and down in the receiving cavity and magnetically adsorbs the workpiece on the placing seat when rising or releases the magnetic adsorption of the workpiece when descending, and a lifting structure for controlling the lifting of the magnetic plate;

[0012] A transmission structure is arranged between the placing seat and the moving seat. When the placing seat moves relative to the moving seat towards the outside of the body, it controls the lifting structure to drive the magnetic plate to descend to release the magnetic adsorption; when the placing seat moves relative to the moving seat towards the inside of the body, it controls the lifting structure to drive the magnetic plate to rise to generate magnetic adsorption.

[0013] Adopting the above solution, the driving structure drives the placing seat to move towards the outside of the body for loading or unloading. The one-way slipping structure drives the moving seat to move synchronously with it until the moving resistance received by the moving seat is greater than or equal to the preset value, and the moving seat stops moving. This is state one; the driving structure drives the placing seat to continue moving, so that the placing seat continues to move towards the outside of the body relative to the moving seat, that is, the placing seat slips relative to the moving seat. During the process of the placing seat moving relative to the moving seat, the transmission structure drives the lifting structure to control the magnetic plate to descend. After the placing seat moves to the maximum stroke and stops moving, there is no magnetism on the upper end surface of the placing seat, which is convenient for loading or unloading of the workpiece. This is state two. After the workpiece loading is completed, the driving structure drives the placing seat to move towards the inside of the body relative to the moving seat until it resets to state one. During this process, the transmission structure drives the lifting structure to control the magnetic plate to rise, and the workpiece is magnetically adsorbed and limited on the placing seat. Thereafter, the one-way slipping structure enables the moving seat and the placing seat to move synchronously towards the inside of the body, so that the workpiece on the placing seat passes through the processing tool set for processing. After the processing is completed, the above steps are repeated to unload the processed workpiece and load and process a new batch of workpieces. By using magnetic adsorption to replace external force pressing, the deformation of the workpiece is avoided and the quality is guaranteed; and only one driving structure is required to drive the placing seat and the moving seat to move synchronously to realize the switching between processing stations, or drive the placing seat to move relative to the moving seat to realize the magnetic adsorption and limitation or release of the magnetic adsorption of the workpiece.

[0014] Preferably, the one-way slipping structure includes a limiting groove recessed in the placing seat and a limiting block elastically telescopically arranged on the moving seat, which is inserted into the limiting groove when partially protruding or disengaged from the limiting groove when retracting. An extrusion inclined surface is arranged on the side of the limiting block away from the body outlet to drive the limiting block to retract when the placing seat moves relative to the moving seat towards the outside of the body.

[0015] With the above solution, due to the existence of the extrusion inclined surface, when the moving resistance on the moving seat is less than the preset value, the inner wall of the limiting groove abuts against the extrusion inclined surface, but cannot overcome the elastic resistance, and the limiting block remains in the state of partially protruding and inserted into the limiting groove, and the placing seat and the moving seat move synchronously. When the moving resistance on the moving seat is greater than or equal to the preset value, the moving seat no longer moves. Under the drive of the driving structure, the inner wall of the limiting groove squeezes and slides along the extrusion inclined surface and overcomes the elastic resistance, driving the limiting block to retract and disengage from the limiting groove, so as to ensure that the placing seat moves smoothly relative to the moving seat. On the contrary, when the placing seat moves relative to the moving seat towards the inside of the body until the limiting block is aligned with the limiting groove, the limiting block elastically protrudes and partially inserts into the limiting groove. Since the side of the limiting block close to the body opening is a plane, the placing seat can drive the moving seat to move synchronously when it continues to move towards the inside of the body. Thus, one-way slipping is achieved.

[0016] Preferably, the lifting structure includes a first lead screw vertically rotatably arranged in the accommodating cavity, a vertical guide block fixedly arranged at the bottom of the magnetic plate and vertically lifting in the accommodating cavity, a groove recessed on the side of the vertical guide block away from the magnetic plate for the first lead screw to insert and move, and a nut fixedly arranged on the side of the vertical guide block away from the magnetic plate and threadedly engaged with the first lead screw.

[0017] With the above solution, the first lead screw is threadedly engaged with the nut, and the vertical guide block lifts vertically. Therefore, the rotation of the first lead screw drives the vertical guide block to lift vertically, thereby driving the magnetic plate to lift vertically.

[0018] Preferably, the transmission structure includes a rotating shaft extending outward at one end of the first lead screw away from the magnetic plate, a gear concentrically fixed on the rotating shaft, and a rack meshing with the gear fixedly arranged on the upper end surface of the moving seat along the moving direction of the placing seat.

[0019] With the above solution, since the rack is fixed on the moving seat, when the placing seat moves relative to the moving seat, the gear and the rotating shaft will rotate, thereby driving the first lead screw to rotate.

[0020] Preferably, the driving structure includes a second lead screw rotatably arranged in the fuselage, a connecting block protruding from the bottom of the placing seat, passing through the moving seat and threadedly engaged with the second lead screw, an avoidance through groove arranged on the moving seat for the connecting block to pass through and move axially along the second lead screw, and a motor for driving the second lead screw to rotate. A second guiding structure for controlling the moving seat to linearly move axially along the second lead screw is arranged between the moving seat and the workbench, and a first guiding structure for controlling the placing seat to linearly move axially along the second lead screw is arranged between the placing seat and the moving seat.

[0021] With the above solution, the second lead screw and the connecting block are threadedly connected, and the motor drives the second lead screw to rotate. Due to the existence of the first guiding structure and the second guiding structure, it is ensured that when the second lead screw rotates, both the placing seat and the moving seat can linearly move axially along the second lead screw. Since the second lead screw is arranged below the moving seat, the avoidance through groove is provided so that the movement of the placing seat relative to the moving seat is not hindered.

[0022] Preferably, the first guiding structure includes a sliding guide groove arranged on the upper end surface of the moving seat and a first guide block protruding from the bottom of the placing seat and engaged with the sliding guide groove for guiding sliding; the second guiding structure includes a guide rod arranged on the workbench and a second guide block protruding from the moving seat and sleeved on the guide rod and engaged with the guide rod for guiding sliding.

[0023] With the above solution, the first guide block and the sliding guide groove are engaged for sliding, so that the placing seat linearly moves axially along the second lead screw on the moving seat; the second guide block is sleeved on the guide rod and engaged with the guide rod for guiding sliding, so that the moving seat linearly moves axially along the second lead screw on the workbench. Thus, it is realized that both the placing seat and the moving seat can linearly move axially along the second lead screw.

[0024] Preferably, mounting seats fixed on the workbench are respectively arranged at both ends of the guide rod. When the moving seat moves outward to the fuselage until the second guide block abuts against the mounting seat near the opening of the fuselage, the moving resistance on the moving seat increases to be greater than or equal to a preset value.

[0025] With the above solution, when the moving seat and the placing seat synchronously move axially outward along the second lead screw until the second guide block near the opening of the fuselage abuts against the mounting seat near the opening of the fuselage, the moving seat cannot continue to move outward to the fuselage. At this time, the moving resistance on the moving seat gradually increases to be greater than or equal to the preset value, and the placing seat still moves outward to the fuselage under the drive of the driving structure, so as to realize the relative movement between the placing seat and the moving seat.

[0026] Preferably, a locking structure is provided between the second guide block and the workbench to prevent the moving seat from moving when the placing seat moves relative to the moving seat towards the inside of the fuselage. The locking structure includes a locking groove recessed in the second guide block, a second telescopic groove recessed in the workbench and facing the locking groove when the second guide block moves to abut against the mounting seat near the opening of the fuselage, a locking block elastically telescopically arranged in the second telescopic groove and capable of being inserted into the locking groove when partially protruding or disengaging from the locking groove when retracting, and an electromagnet arranged at the bottom of the second telescopic groove. The extension and retraction of the locking block are controlled by the power-off or power-on of the electromagnet, and the power-off or power-on of the electromagnet is controlled by the relative movement or synchronous movement of the placing seat relative to the moving seat.

[0027] With the above solution, after the placing seat moves relative to the moving seat towards the outside of the fuselage, the limiting block elastically abuts against the outer surface of the placing seat, increasing the moving resistance between the limiting block and the placing seat. As a result, when the placing seat moves relative to the moving seat towards the inside of the fuselage, before the limiting block is inserted into the limiting groove, there is a risk that the moving seat also moves towards the inside of the fuselage, leading to the workpiece not being magnetically attracted to the placing seat or having a small magnetic attraction force, and the workpiece cannot be limited. Therefore, a locking structure is provided. When the placing seat moves relative to the moving seat, the electromagnet remains powered off, and the locking block partially protrudes and inserts into the locking groove to limit the relative movement between the second guide block and the workbench; when the placing seat moves synchronously with the moving seat, the electromagnet remains powered on, and the locking block retracts into the second telescopic groove and disengages from the locking groove to ensure the smooth movement of the moving seat.

[0028] Preferably, a positioning structure is provided on the placing seat to drive the workpiece to be positioned when the workpiece is not magnetically attracted and limited.

[0029] With the above solution, the positioning structure drives the workpiece to move and be positioned before the workpiece is magnetically attracted and limited, facilitating the precise machining of the machining tool set.

[0030] Preferably, the positioning structure includes an insertion post protruding from the placing seat and capable of being inserted into the bottom mounting hole of the workpiece, an annular airbag arranged on the outer circumferential wall of the insertion post and hermetically communicated with the accommodating cavity, and a sealing layer arranged on the circumferential direction of the magnetic plate and hermetically and movably matched with the side wall of the accommodating cavity. During the rising process of the magnetic plate, the annular airbag is first driven to expand and abut against the inner circumferential wall of the bottom mounting hole to drive the workpiece to move and be positioned, and then the workpiece is magnetically attracted to the placing seat; during the descending process of the magnetic plate, the magnetic attraction on the workpiece is first released, and then the annular airbag is driven to contract and disengage from the inner circumferential wall of the bottom mounting hole.

[0031] By adopting the above scheme, the workpiece is initially positioned by inserting the insertion column into the bottom mounting hole. However, the diameters of the bottom mounting holes of workpieces of different sizes may be different, resulting in a slight deviation of the workpiece position when the workpiece is placed on the placement seat, even if the insertion column is inserted into the bottom mounting hole, thereby affecting the processing accuracy. Therefore, an annular airbag is provided. When the magnetic plate rises, the sealing layer is driven to move upward relative to the sealing of the accommodating cavity, and the air in the accommodating cavity is squeezed into the annular airbag to drive the annular airbag to expand. After the annular airbag expands, it abuts against the inner ring wall of the bottom mounting hole to drive the workpiece to move until the center is positioned, and then the magnetic plate continues to rise to achieve the magnetic attraction limit of the workpiece. On the contrary, the magnetic plate descends, releasing the magnetic attraction limit of the workpiece, and at the same time driving the sealing layer to descend relative to the sealing of the accommodating cavity, extracting the gas inside the annular airbag into the accommodating cavity, and the annular airbag shrinks and is stored in the insertion column and separated from the bottom mounting hole, so as to facilitate the direct removal of the workpiece.

[0032] The present invention has significant technical effects due to the adoption of the above technical scheme: the motor drives the second screw to rotate, drives the placement seat to move, and the placement seat drives the moving seat to move synchronously, so that multiple workpieces are moved between the processing knife groups for processing. When it is necessary to load and unload the workpiece, the placement seat and the moving seat move synchronously to the outside of the fuselage until the second guide block abuts against the mounting seat to limit the movement of the moving seat, the placement seat moves relative to the moving seat, the magnetic plate and the sealing layer descend, the magnetic limit on the workpiece is released, and the annular airbag is separated from the workpiece, which is convenient for the workpiece to be taken. Then place the workpiece to be processed on the placement seat, and the placement seat moves toward the inside of the fuselage. The placement seat first moves relative to the moving seat until the limit block is inserted into the limit groove, and then drives the moving seat to move synchronously. In the process of the placement seat moving relative to the moving seat toward the inside of the fuselage, the magnetic plate and the sealing layer rise, and the workpiece is positioned under the drive of the annular airbag and then limited under the magnetic attraction of the magnetic plate. Only one motor needs to be controlled to realize the positioning, limiting and movement of the workpiece between the processing knife groups, increase linkage and simplify the operation steps. In addition, magnetic suction is used instead of external force to limit the workpiece while avoiding deformation of the workpiece and ensuring quality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a workpiece in the prior art;

[0034] Figure 2 This is a disassembled diagram of a desktop fully automatic drilling machine in the embodiment;

[0035] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A in the enlarged view;

[0036] Figure 4 yes Figure 2 The enlarged view of point B in the figure;

[0037] Figure 5It is the front view of a desktop full-automatic drilling machine in an embodiment when the second guide block abuts against the mounting seat and the placing seat does not move relative to the moving seat;

[0038] Figure 6 It is Figure 5 The cross-sectional view taken along C-C in

[0039] Figure 7 It is Figure 6 The enlarged view at G in

[0040] Figure 8 It is the semi-sectional schematic view of a desktop full-automatic drilling machine in an embodiment when the second guide block abuts against the mounting seat and the placing seat moves relative to the moving seat to the maximum moving stroke;

[0041] Figure 9 It is Figure 8 The enlarged view at H in

[0042] Figure 10 It is Figure 5 The cross-sectional view taken along D-D in

[0043] Figure 11 It is Figure 10 The enlarged view at I in

[0044] Figure 12 It is the partial enlarged view of a desktop full-automatic drilling machine in an embodiment when the second guide block abuts against the mounting seat and the placing seat moves relative to the moving seat to the maximum moving stroke;

[0045] Figure 13 It is Figure 5 The cross-sectional view taken along E-E in

[0046] Figure 14 It is Figure 13 The enlarged view at J in

[0047] Figure 15 It is the partial enlarged view of a desktop full-automatic drilling machine in an embodiment when the second guide block abuts against the mounting seat and the placing seat moves relative to the moving seat to the maximum moving stroke;

[0048] Figure 16 It is Figure 5 The cross-sectional view taken along F-F in

[0049] Figure 17 It is Figure 16 The enlarged view at K in

[0050] Figure 18 It is the partial enlarged view of a desktop full-automatic drilling machine in an embodiment when the second guide block abuts against the mounting seat and the placing seat moves relative to the moving seat to the maximum moving stroke;

[0051] Figure 19 Left view of a bench - type fully - automatic drilling machine in an embodiment when the second guide block abuts against the mounting seat and the placing seat does not move relative to the moving seat;

[0052] Figure 20 Yes Figure 19 Cross - sectional view taken along L - L in

[0053] Figure 21 Yes Figure 20 Enlarged view of M in

[0054] Figure 22 Semi - sectional schematic view of a bench - type fully - automatic drilling machine in an embodiment when the second guide block abuts against the mounting seat and the placing seat moves relative to the moving seat to the maximum moving stroke;

[0055] Figure 23 Yes Figure 22 Enlarged view of N in

[0056] The names of the parts referred to by each digital label in the above drawings are as follows: 1, workpiece; 101, base plate; 1011, bottom mounting hole; 102, connecting part; 1021, pin shaft hole; 2, fuselage; 3, workbench; 4, processing cutter set; 5, moving seat; 6, placing seat; 7, second lead screw; 8, connecting block; 9, avoidance through - slot; 10, motor; 11, sliding guide groove; 12, first guide block; 13, guide rod; 14, second guide block; 15, mounting seat; 16, limiting groove; 17, first telescopic groove; 18, limiting block; 1801, extrusion inclined surface; 19, first spring; 20, locking groove; 21, second telescopic groove; 22, locking block; 23, electromagnet; 24, second spring; 25, sensor; 26, accommodating cavity; 27, magnetic plate; 28, vertical guide groove; 29, first lead screw; 30, vertical guide block; 31, groove; 32, nut; 33, rotating shaft; 34, gear; 35, rack; 36, mounting groove; 37, avoidance groove; 38, inserting column; 39, annular airbag; 3901, annular groove; 40, connecting pipeline; 41, sealing layer; 42, mounting frame; 43, cylinder; 44, pressing plate; 45, pressing head; 46, guide sleeve; 47, guide post. Detailed implementation mode

[0057] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and embodiments.

[0058] Embodiment

[0059] A bench - type fully - automatic drilling machine, referring to Figures 1 to 23, including a fuselage 2, a workbench 3 is arranged inside the fuselage 2, and processing tool sets 4 are arranged on both sides of the workbench 3 inside the fuselage 2. The processing tool set 4 includes a fixed seat, and a positioning tool head, a drilling tool head, and a reaming tool head are sequentially arranged at intervals along the direction from near the opening of the fuselage 2 to far from the opening of the fuselage 2 on the fixed seat. The installation of the positioning tool head, the drilling tool head, and the reaming tool head and the way of separately controlling the three to process the workpiece 1 are all prior arts, not shown in the figure and not elaborated here.

[0060] A moving seat 5 is horizontally movably arranged on the workbench 3, and the moving seat 5 makes a linear movement close to or away from the opening of the fuselage 2 along the direction perpendicular to the opening of the fuselage 2. Guide rods 13 are arranged between the workbench 3 and the moving seat 5 along the moving direction of the moving seat 5, and mounting seats 15 for fixing the ends of the guide rods 13 are respectively fixedly arranged at both ends of the guide rods 13 on the workbench 3. A second guide block 14 protrudes from the bottom surface of the moving seat 5 close to the workbench 3, and the second guide block 14 is sleeved on the guide rod 13 and is in guiding sliding fit with the guide rod 13.

[0061] A placing seat 6 for placing the workpiece 1 is arranged on the upper end surface of the moving seat 5 away from the workbench 3. The bottom surface of the placing seat 6 close to the workbench 3 is attached to or has a gap with the upper end surface of the moving seat 5. A sliding guide groove 11 is concavely arranged on the upper end surface of the moving seat 5, and the sliding guide groove 11 is linearly arranged along the moving direction of the moving seat 5. A first guide block 12 protruding from the bottom surface of the placing seat 6 is embedded in the sliding guide groove 11, and the first guide block 12 and the sliding guide groove 11 are in guiding sliding fit. In this embodiment, the cross-sections of the first guide block 12 and the sliding guide groove 11 are arranged in an "inverted T shape".

[0062] A second lead screw 7 is rotatably arranged on the workbench 3, and the second lead screw 7 is arranged along the moving direction of the moving seat 5. The rotation of the second lead screw 7 is controlled by a motor 10, and the motor 10 is fixed on the workbench 3. The output shaft of the motor 10 is fixedly connected to the end of the second lead screw 7 far from the opening of the fuselage 2. The connection mode between the output shaft of the motor 10 and the second lead screw 7 is a prior art, not shown in the figure and not elaborated here. The second lead screw 7 is arranged between the workbench 3 and the moving seat 5. A connecting block 8 protruding from the bottom surface of the placing seat 6 passes through the moving seat 5 and is in threaded fit with the second lead screw 7. An avoidance through groove 9 for the connecting block 8 to pass through is arranged on the moving seat 5. When the placing seat 6 moves relative to the moving seat 5, the connecting block 8 can move smoothly in the avoidance through groove 9.

[0063] In this embodiment, two groups of the mounting seats 15 and the guide rods 13 are symmetrically arranged with the axis of the second lead screw 7 as the axis of symmetry, and two second guide blocks 14 are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of each guide rod 13. Two groups of the first guide block 12 and the sliding guide groove 11 are symmetrically arranged with the axis of the second lead screw 7 as the axis of symmetry.

[0064] A limiting groove 16 is concavely provided on the first guide block 12 of the placing seat 6. A first telescopic groove 17 is concavely provided on the sliding guide groove 11 of the moving seat 5. A limiting block 18 that can be inserted into the limiting groove 16 when partially extended is telescopically arranged in the first telescopic groove 17, and the limiting block 18 can be disengaged from the limiting groove 16 when retracted. A first spring 19 with both ends fixedly connected to the bottom of the first telescopic groove 17 and the limiting block 18 respectively is arranged between the bottom of the first telescopic groove 17 and the limiting block 18 in the first telescopic groove 17. The first spring 19 is arranged along the telescopic direction of the limiting block 18 and drives the limiting block 18 to partially extend out of the first telescopic groove 17 when in the initial state. An extrusion inclined surface 1801 is arranged on one side of the limiting block 18 away from the outlet of the fuselage 2.

[0065] When the second lead screw 7 drives the placing seat 6 to move towards the outside of the fuselage 2, before the second guide block 14 near the opening of the fuselage 2 abuts against the mounting seat 15 near the opening of the fuselage 2, the moving resistance on the moving seat 5 is less than the preset value. At this time, the placing seat 6 cannot drive the limiting block 18 to retract. Therefore, the moving seat 5 is driven to move synchronously until the second guide block 14 near the opening of the fuselage 2 abuts against the mounting seat 15 near the opening of the fuselage 2. The moving seat 5 cannot move, and the moving resistance on the moving seat 5 increases to be greater than or equal to the preset value. The placing seat 6 can be in extrusion sliding fit with the extrusion inclined surface 1801 to drive the limiting block 18 to elastically retract and disengage from the limiting groove 16, ensuring that the placing seat 6 continues to slip and move towards the outside of the fuselage 2 relative to the moving seat 5. Conversely, when the second lead screw 7 drives the placing seat 6 to move towards the inside of the fuselage 2, the placing seat 6 first moves towards the inside of the fuselage 2 relative to the moving seat 5 until the limiting groove 16 moves to be directly opposite to the first telescopic groove 17. The limiting block 18 elastically partially extends and is inserted into the limiting groove 16. Since one side of the limiting block 18 near the opening of the fuselage 2 is a plane, there will be no slipping. The placing seat 6 drives the moving seat 5 to move synchronously towards the inside of the fuselage 2.

[0066] A locking structure for preventing the moving seat 5 from moving when the placing seat 6 moves towards the inside of the fuselage 2 relative to the moving seat 5 is arranged between the second guide block 14 and the workbench 3. The locking structure includes a locking groove 20 concavely provided on the bottom surface of the second guide block 14 close to the workbench 3. A second telescopic groove 21 is concavely provided on the upper end surface of the workbench 3. When the second guide block 14 near the opening of the fuselage 2 moves to abut against the mounting seat 15 near the opening of the fuselage 2, the second telescopic groove 21 is directly opposite to the locking groove 20. A locking block 22 that can be inserted into the locking groove 20 when partially extended or disengaged from the locking groove 20 when retracted is telescopically arranged in the second telescopic groove 21. A second spring 24 with both ends fixedly connected to the bottom of the second telescopic groove 21 and the locking block 22 respectively is arranged between the bottom of the second telescopic groove 21 and the locking block 22 in the second telescopic groove 21. The second spring 24 is arranged along the telescopic direction of the locking block 22 and drives the locking block 22 to partially extend out of the second telescopic groove 21 when in the initial state.

[0067] An electromagnet 23 is provided at the bottom of the second telescopic groove 21, a sensor 25 is provided at the bottom of the limiting groove 16, and a control module electrically connected to the electromagnet 23 and the sensor 25 respectively is provided on the workbench 3. When the limiting block 18 is inserted into the limiting groove 16, the sensor 25 transmits a signal to the control module, and the control module controls the electromagnet 23 to be energized, driving the locking block 22 to retract until it disengages from the locking groove 20; conversely, when the limiting block 18 disengages from the limiting groove 16, the sensor 25 transmits a signal to the control module, and the control module controls the electromagnet 23 to lose power. Driven by the second spring 24, a part of the locking block 22 extends out and inserts into the locking groove 20 to limit the movement of the moving seat 5 relative to the workbench 3. In this embodiment, the sensor 25 is a displacement sensor 25, the displacement sensor 25 and the control module are both prior arts, and the control method and logic programming between the control module, the electromagnet 23 and the sensor 25 are also prior arts, which are not shown in the figure and will not be elaborated here.

[0068] An accommodating cavity 26 is provided inside the placing seat 6, a magnetic plate 27 is provided in the accommodating cavity 26 in a lifting manner, and after the magnetic plate 27 rises, it abuts against the inner top wall of the accommodating cavity 26 for magnetically attracting and limiting the workpiece 1 placed on the placing seat 6; after the magnetic plate 27 descends, it moves away from the workpiece 1 to release the magnetic attraction and limitation of the workpiece 1. A vertical guide groove 28 is concavely provided downward on the inner bottom wall of the accommodating cavity 26, a first lead screw 29 is vertically rotatably provided in the vertical guide groove 28, and a vertical guide block 30 protrudes upward on the bottom surface of the magnetic plate 27 away from the workpiece 1, and the vertical guide block 30 vertically moves up and down in the vertical guide groove 28. A groove 31 for the first lead screw 29 to insert and move is concavely provided on one side of the vertical guide block 30 away from the magnetic plate 27, and a nut 32 threadedly engaged with the first lead screw 29 is fixedly provided on one side of the vertical guide block 30 away from the magnetic plate 27. In this embodiment, the cross sections of the vertical guide groove 28 and the vertical guide block 30 are rectangular, ensuring that the vertical guide block 30 can vertically move up and down when the first lead screw 29 rotates.

[0069] An installation groove 36 is concavely provided upward on the bottom surface of the placing seat 6, a rotating shaft 33 extends in a direction away from the magnetic plate 27 at one end of the first lead screw 29 away from the magnetic plate 27, and the end of the rotating shaft 33 away from the first lead screw 29 is located in the installation groove 36. A gear 34 is concentrically and fixedly provided on the rotating shaft 33 in the installation groove 36, a rack 35 engaged with the gear 34 is fixedly provided on the upper end surface of the moving seat 5 along the moving direction of the placing seat 6, and an avoidance groove 37 communicating with the installation groove 36 is also concavely provided on the bottom surface of the placing seat 6. The rack 35 is located in the avoidance groove 37, and the avoidance groove 37 can also ensure that there is no interference with the rack 35 when the placing seat 6 moves relative to the moving seat 5.

[0070] The upper end surface of the placement seat 6 is convexly provided with an insertion post 38, which can be inserted into the bottom mounting hole 1011 of the workpiece 1. A circumferential annular groove 3901 is concavely provided on the outer circumferential wall of the insertion post 38, and an annular airbag 39 is fixedly arranged in the annular groove 3901. A communication pipeline 40 with both ends hermetically communicated with the inside of the annular airbag 39 and the inside of the accommodation cavity 26 is arranged in the insertion post 38. A sealing layer 41 that is hermetically and movably matched with the side wall of the accommodation cavity 26 is circumferentially arranged on the magnetic plate 27.

[0071] An installation frame 42 is arranged on the placement seat 6. A pressing plate 44 is arranged on the installation frame 42 above the placement seat 6 in a lifting manner. A pressing head 45 for pressing the workpiece 1 is arranged on the pressing plate 44 and is opposite to the insertion post 38. The lifting of the pressing plate 44 is controlled by a cylinder 43 installed on the installation frame 42. A guide sleeve 46 is arranged on the installation frame 42, and a guide post 47 that is inserted into the guide sleeve 46 and is in guiding and lifting cooperation is arranged on the pressing plate 44. The pressing of the pressing head 45 on the workpiece 1 can serve as an auxiliary limiting function. On the basis of magnetic attraction, pressure is increased for pressing, further ensuring the limitation of the workpiece 1. And since the pressing head 45 only plays an auxiliary role, the pressing force will not be too large to avoid causing deformation of the workpiece 1.

[0072] The specific process is as follows: The motor 10 drives the second lead screw 7 to rotate, driving the placement seat 6 to linearly move towards the outside of the fuselage 2, driving the moving seat 5 to move synchronously until the second guide block 14 near the opening of the fuselage 2 abuts against the mounting seat 15 near the opening of the fuselage 2. The moving seat 5 cannot move, and the placement seat 6 can be in extrusion and sliding fit with the extrusion inclined surface 1801 to drive the limiting block 18 to elastically retract until it disengages from the limiting groove 16, ensuring that the placement seat 6 continues to slip and move towards the outside of the fuselage 2 relative to the moving seat 5. At this time, the locking groove 20 and the second telescopic groove 21 are aligned. And since the limiting block 18 disengages from the limiting groove 16, the electromagnet 23 loses power, and the locking block 22 partially extends under the action of the second spring 24 and is inserted into the locking groove 20 to limit the movement of the moving seat 5.

[0073] The placement seat 6 continues to move towards the outside of the fuselage 2 relative to the moving seat 5 until it stops after reaching the maximum moving stroke. The maximum moving stroke of the placement seat 6 can be calculated and controlled by combining the number of rotation turns of the output shaft of the motor 10 with the pitch of the second lead screw 7. The above method is prior art and will not be elaborated here. During this process, the gear 34 rotates to drive the rotating shaft 33 and the first lead screw 29 to rotate, driving the vertical guide block 30 to descend vertically, driving the magnetic plate 27 and the sealing layer 41 to descend synchronously, so that the annular airbag 39 contracts and is received in the annular groove 3901 and there is no magnetic force on the upper end surface of the placement seat 6. And during this process, the side of the limiting block 18 away from the first spring 19 is always elastically abutted and slidably matched with the side wall of the first guide block 12, that is, the limiting block 18 always maintains an elastically retracted state.

[0074] The workpiece 1 is placed on the upper end face of the placement seat 6, and the insertion post 38 is inserted into the bottom mounting hole 1011 of the workpiece 1. The motor 10 drives the second lead screw 7 to rotate in the reverse direction, driving the placement seat 6 to linearly move into the fuselage 2 until the limit groove 16 and the first telescopic groove 17 are aligned. The limit block 18 partially extends under the drive of the first spring 19 and is inserted into the limit groove 16. At this time, the electromagnet 23 is powered on, driving the locking block 22 to retract and disengage from the locking groove 20, releasing the limit on the moving seat 5. During the above process, the gear 34 rotates in the reverse direction to drive the rotating shaft 33 and the first lead screw 29 to rotate in the reverse direction, driving the vertical guide block 30 to rise vertically, driving the magnetic plate 27 and the sealing layer 41 to rise synchronously. First, the annular airbag 39 expands and abuts against the inner ring wall of the bottom mounting hole 1011 to drive the workpiece 1 to move and position. Subsequently, the positioned workpiece 1 is magnetically attracted and limited on the placement seat 6.

[0075] After the limit on the moving seat 5 is released, since the side of the limit block 18 close to the opening of the fuselage 2 is a plane, the placement seat 6 can drive the moving seat 5 to linearly move into the fuselage 2, enabling the machining tool set 4 to machine the workpiece 1. During this process, the workpiece 1 is always magnetically attracted and limited.

[0076] After the machining of the workpiece 1 is completed, by repeating the above process, the machined workpiece 1 can be unloaded and the workpiece 1 to be machined can be loaded. Moreover, there is no magnetic attraction during the unloading of the workpiece 1, making the unloading more convenient.

[0077] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. All technical solutions falling within the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art in this technical field, several improvements and refinements made without departing from the principle of the present invention should also be regarded as within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A desktop fully automatic drilling machine, comprising a machine body (2), a workbench (3) arranged in the machine body (2), and a processing tool group (4) arranged in the machine body (2) on at least one side of the workbench (3), characterized in that: The drilling machine also includes: A movable seat (5) and a placement seat (6), wherein the movable seat (5) moves linearly on the workbench (3) in a direction close to or away from the opening of the machine body (2), and the placement seat (6) is arranged on the movable seat (5) and can move synchronously with the movable seat (5) or move linearly relative to the movable seat (5) in a moving direction of the movable seat (5); A driving structure is used to drive the placement seat (6) to move linearly; the driving structure comprises a second screw rod (7) rotatably arranged in the machine body (2), a connecting block (8) protruding from the bottom of the placement seat (6) and passing through the moving seat (5) and threadedly engaged with the second screw rod (7), an avoidance groove (9) arranged on the moving seat (5) for the connecting block (8) to pass through and move along the axial direction of the second screw rod (7), and a motor (10) driving the second screw rod (7) to rotate, a second guide structure for controlling the moving seat (5) to move linearly along the axial direction of the second screw rod (7) is arranged between the moving seat (5) and the workbench (3), and a first guide structure for controlling the placement seat (6) to move linearly along the axial direction of the second screw rod (7) is arranged between the placement seat (6) and the moving seat (5); A guide structure comprises a sliding guide groove (11) arranged on the upper end surface of the moving seat (5) and a first guide block (12) protruding from the bottom of the placement seat (6) and embedded in the sliding guide groove (11) for guiding sliding cooperation; a second guide structure comprises a guide rod (13) arranged on the workbench (3) and a second guide block (14) protruding from the moving seat (5) and sleeved on the guide rod (13) and guiding sliding cooperation with the guide rod (13); mounting seats (15) fixed on the workbench (3) are respectively arranged at both ends of the guide rod (13); when the moving seat (5) moves toward the outside of the machine body (2) until the second guide block (14) abuts against the mounting seat (15) near the opening of the machine body (2), the moving resistance on the moving seat (5) increases to be greater than or equal to a preset value; The one-way sliding structure is arranged between the moving seat (5) and the placement seat (6). When the movement resistance of the moving seat (5) is less than a preset value, the placement seat (6) and the moving seat (5) move synchronously during the movement of the placement seat (6) toward the outside of the fuselage (2). When the movement resistance of the moving seat (5) is greater than or equal to the preset value, the placement seat (6) moves relative to the moving seat (5) by sliding. When the placement seat (6) moves toward the inside of the fuselage (2), the placement seat (6) first moves relative to the moving seat (5) and then moves relative to the moving seat (5). After the movement is reset, the movable seat (5) is driven to move synchronously; the one-way sliding structure comprises a limit groove (16) recessed on the placement seat (6) and a limit block (18) elastically arranged on the movable seat (5) and inserted into the limit groove (16) when the part is extended or disengaged from the limit groove (16) when it is retracted; the side of the limit block (18) away from the outlet of the fuselage (2) is provided with an extrusion inclined surface (1801) for driving the limit block (18) to retract when the placement seat (6) moves relative to the movable seat (5) toward the outside of the fuselage (2); The magnetic adsorption structure comprises a receiving cavity (26) arranged inside a placement seat (6), a magnetic plate (27) arranged to be lifted and lowered in the receiving cavity (26) and magnetically attracting a workpiece (1) to the placement seat (6) when ascending or releasing the magnetic attraction of the workpiece (1) when descending, and a lifting structure for controlling the lifting and lowering of the magnetic plate (27); the lifting structure comprises a first screw rod (29) arranged to rotate vertically in the receiving cavity (26), a vertical guide block (30) fixedly arranged at the bottom of the magnetic plate (27) and vertically lifted and lowered in the receiving cavity (26), a groove (31) recessed on a side of the vertical guide block (30) away from the magnetic plate (27) for the first screw rod (29) to be inserted and moved, and a groove (31) fixedly arranged on a side of the vertical guide block (30) away from the magnetic plate (27) and connected to the first screw rod (29) a nut (32) threadedly matched; a transmission structure, arranged between the placement seat (6) and the moving seat (5); when the placement seat (6) moves relative to the moving seat (5) toward the outside of the fuselage (2), the control lifting structure drives the magnetic plate (27) to descend to release the magnetic attraction; when the placement seat (6) moves relative to the moving seat (5) toward the inside of the fuselage (2), the control lifting structure drives the magnetic plate (27) to rise to generate magnetic attraction; the transmission structure includes a rotating shaft (33) extending outwardly from one end of the first screw rod (29) away from the magnetic plate (27), a gear (34) concentrically fixed on the rotating shaft (33), and a rack (35) fixedly arranged on the upper end surface of the moving seat (5) along the moving direction of the placement seat (6) and meshing with the gear (34); The placement seat (6) is provided with a positioning structure for driving the workpiece (1) to be positioned when the workpiece (1) is not magnetically limited; the positioning structure comprises an insertion column (38) protruding from the placement seat (6) and insertable into a bottom mounting hole (1011) of the workpiece (1), an annular airbag (39) arranged on the outer ring wall of the insertion column (38) and in sealing communication with the accommodating cavity (26), and a sealing layer (41) arranged in the circumferential direction of the magnetic plate (27) and in sealing and moving cooperation with the side wall of the accommodating cavity (26); during the ascending process of the magnetic plate (27), the annular airbag (39) is first expanded to abut against the inner ring wall of the bottom mounting hole (1011) to drive the workpiece (1) to move and position, and then the workpiece (1) is magnetically attracted to the placement seat (6); during the descending process of the magnetic plate (27), the magnetic attraction on the workpiece (1) is first released, and then the annular airbag (39) is driven to shrink and separate from the inner ring wall of the bottom mounting hole (1011).

2. A desktop fully automatic drilling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: A locking structure is provided between the second guide block (14) and the workbench (3) for preventing the movable seat (5) from moving when the placement seat (6) moves relative to the movable seat (5) toward the inside of the fuselage (2), and the locking structure comprises a locking groove (20) recessed on the second guide block (14), and a second telescopic groove (21) recessed on the workbench (3) that faces the locking groove (20) when the second guide block (14) moves to abut against the mounting seat (15) near the opening of the fuselage (2). , a locking block (22) elastically arranged in the second telescopic groove (21) and capable of being inserted into the locking groove (20) when the part is extended or disengaged from the locking groove (20) when it is retracted, and an electromagnet (23) arranged at the bottom of the second telescopic groove (21), wherein the extension and retraction of the locking block (22) is controlled by the de-energization or energization of the electromagnet (23), and the de-energization or energization of the electromagnet (23) is controlled by the movement of the placement seat (6) relative to the movable seat (5) or the synchronous movement with the movable seat (5).

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