Optical measuring device and method for the position and attitude of a shaft journal

Abstract

The application belongs to the field of shafting position measurement, and particularly discloses an optical measurement device and method for the position and posture of the journal of a shafting, which comprises a whole by a door-shaped support, a laser generator and a CCD camera, each camera corresponding to a laser to detect a laser spot; the bottom surface of the support is taken as a reference surface, and the positions of the upper and lower cameras are calibrated by a standard cylindrical rod to ensure the measurement accuracy, the measurement assembly detects and reads the coordinate values at the interface shielded by the edge of the journal, so that the center height of the journal section is calculated and obtained, and the measurement of the positions and postures of the two ends of the journal is realized. The measurement method is simple, convenient, rapid, high in measurement accuracy and strong in pertinence.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of shaft position measurement, and more specifically, relates to an optical measurement device and method for the position and attitude of shaft journals. Background Technology

[0002] Rotating shaft systems are crucial components of many mechanical systems, such as marine propulsion systems, gas turbines, and aero engines. Their primary function is to support rotating parts and transmit torque and motion. During shaft system operation, the working parts of the bearing are the bearing bore and the journal that mates with it. The bearing bore is the supporting part of the bearing, and the journal is the part of the shaft supported by the bearing. The bearing's central axis is also the central axis of the bearing bore. Due to deflection, there may be a relative angle between the bearing's central axis and the mating shaft, resulting in uneven contact between the bearing bore and the shaft during rotation. This unevenness in stress or pressure at the bearing bore-shaft contact point leads to different wear amounts at different locations along the axial direction, causing uneven bearing wear. A deviation of 0.2 mrad between the actual and theoretical axis within the bearing bore can reduce the bearing's load-bearing capacity by 40%, affecting its characteristics and efficiency, thus impacting the lifespan of the shaft system and causing significant noise and vibration.

[0003] The main methods for solving the above problems include: Yang Yong's "Development of a Simulation Test Bench for Ship Propulsion Shafts and Research on Longitudinal and Transverse Coupling Vibration Characteristics" uses displacement sensors to measure the deflection of a simulated scaled-down test bench shaft system. During measurement, at the same measuring point, the auxiliary fixture is moved circumferentially three times to allow the displacement sensor to pass through the highest point, and a CCD camera captures three non-diffraction light images at the point where the displacement gauge reading is at its maximum. This measurement method is prone to measurement errors when finding the measuring point, ultimately affecting the measurement results. Wang Zhihao's "Inspection Device for the Position and Attitude of Bearing Holes in Rotating Shafts Based on Compliance Deflection Curves" judges the bearing compliance by observing the difference in oil output at both ends of the oil supply bearing or the fit clearance at both ends of the hydraulic bearing. This is based solely on visual observation and does not provide specific measurement methods to characterize whether the oil output or fit clearance at both ends of the bearing is consistent. Zhu Hanhua's "A Dynamic Load Measurement Method for Ship Bearings Based on Resistance Strain Gauges" places resistance strain gauges on both sides of the bearing base to measure the bearing force. This measurement method may be affected by external factors during measurement, resulting in measurement errors. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned defects or improvement needs of the prior art, the present invention provides an optical measurement device and method for the position and attitude of a shaft journal, the purpose of which is to accurately obtain the position and attitude of the journal by accurately measuring the center height of the cross sections at both ends of the journal.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, according to one aspect of the present invention, an optical measurement method for the position and attitude of a shaft journal is proposed, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1. Fix a standard cylindrical bar with a known diameter, and determine the heights H1 and H2 of the upper and lower ends of the cross section A of the standard cylindrical bar relative to the preset reference plane;

[0007] A pair of laser generators and a camera are placed on either side of the upper end of the cross section A of a standard cylindrical rod. Part of the laser emitted by the laser generator is blocked by the upper end of the standard cylindrical rod, and the laser forms bright and dark spots in the camera. In the pixel coordinate system of the camera, the Y-axis coordinate value Y1 corresponding to the light and dark boundary is obtained when the X-axis coordinate value is x0. Then, the height H1' = H1 - Y1 of the upper camera at x0 on the X-axis relative to the reference plane is obtained.

[0008] Another pair of laser generators and cameras are placed on both sides of the lower end of the cross section A of the standard cylindrical rod. Part of the laser emitted by the laser generator is blocked by the lower end of the standard cylindrical rod, and the laser forms bright and dark spots in the camera. In the pixel coordinate system of the camera, the Y-axis coordinate value Y2 corresponding to the light and dark boundary is obtained when the X-axis coordinate value is x0. Then, the height H2' = H2 – Y2 of the lower camera at x0 on the X-axis relative to the reference plane is obtained.

[0009] S2. Determine the center height of the cross sections at both ends of the journal relative to the reference plane, and then obtain the journal deflection and tilt angle to determine the journal position and orientation; the method for determining the center height of a certain cross section of the journal is as follows:

[0010] Keeping the heights of the two pairs of laser generators and cameras constant, measurements are taken at the upper and lower ends of the journal cross-section to obtain the Y-axis coordinates Y1' and Y2' at the corresponding light-dark boundary when the X-axis coordinate of the upper and lower cameras is x0. Then, combined with H1' and H2', the center height of the journal cross-section is obtained.

[0011] As a further preferred embodiment, step S1, determining the heights H1 and H2 of the upper and lower ends of the standard cylindrical bar cross section A relative to the reference plane, includes the following steps:

[0012] Take a certain number of gauge block sets, make the height of the gauge block sets close to the top of the standard cylindrical bar, and read the height value H of the gauge block sets.

[0013] Using the same dial indicator, touch the top of the gauge block group and the top of the cross section A of the standard cylindrical rod respectively to obtain the change in the dial indicator ΔH, and then obtain H1=H+ΔH, H2=H1–D, where D is the diameter of the standard cylindrical rod.

[0014] As a further preferred option, in step S2, the formula for calculating the center height h of the journal cross-section is: h = (Y1' + H1' + Y2' + H2') / 2.

[0015] As a further preferred embodiment, in step S2, the journal inclination angle θ is calculated as follows: θ=arctan(△h / l), where △h is the difference in center height between the two ends of the journal cross-section relative to the reference plane, and l is the journal length.

[0016] According to another aspect of the present invention, an optical measuring device is provided for realizing the optical measurement method of the above-mentioned shaft journal position and attitude, comprising a measuring component, the measuring component comprising a gantry bracket, and two pairs of laser generators and cameras, wherein one pair of laser generators and cameras are respectively mounted on the upper relative positions of two vertical columns of the gantry bracket, and the other pair of laser generators and cameras are respectively mounted on the lower relative positions of two vertical columns of the gantry bracket.

[0017] As a further preferred embodiment, the measuring components are in two sets.

[0018] As a further preferred embodiment, it also includes two sets of support components, one set of support components corresponding to one set of measuring components; the support component includes a pad and a bracket, one side of the pad is attached to the inner side of the gantry bracket, and the other side is attached to the side of the object being measured, and the pad is mounted on the bracket; the pads of the two sets of support components are set on the same side of the object being measured.

[0019] As a further preferred option, the two sets of measuring components are fixedly connected by a gate-shaped bracket.

[0020] As a further preferred embodiment, the two sets of measuring components are movably connected to a gantry bracket with an adjustable distance.

[0021] As a further preferred embodiment, the measuring assembly also includes two square rods, which are respectively fixed in rectangular slots on the two vertical columns of the portal frame; the square rods are provided with receiving slots for receiving the laser generator and the camera.

[0022] In summary, compared with the prior art, the above-described technical solutions conceived by this invention mainly possess the following technical advantages:

[0023] 1. This invention uses a laser generator and a camera to measure the position and attitude of shaft journals. Specifically, the positions of the upper and lower cameras are calibrated using a standard cylindrical rod, and then the position coordinates of the uppermost and lowermost ends of the journal section are measured. This allows for the calculation of the relative height between the centers of the two ends of the journal section, thus achieving the position and attitude measurement of the front and rear journals. This invention offers high measurement accuracy, is simple, convenient, and rapid to operate, and has strong adaptability.

[0024] 2. Errors exist in the manufacturing and installation of various components in the measuring device, resulting in low measurement accuracy. These error values ​​remain fixed after manufacturing and installation. Calibrating the positions of the upper and lower cameras using a standard cylindrical rod eliminates manufacturing and installation errors, thus better ensuring measurement accuracy.

[0025] 3. This invention connects the laser and camera into a single unit using a portal frame, allowing the bottom surface of the frame to serve as a measurement reference surface, ensuring relative position and improving measurement accuracy. The measuring device can be used directly when pre-assembling a flexible shafting system on a simulation bench, making it particularly suitable for measuring the position and attitude of ship shafting journals, and has broad application prospects in shafting calibration and installation. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the optical measurement device for the position and attitude of the shaft journal in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a right view of the optical measurement device for the position and attitude of the shaft journal in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the connection between the measuring bracket and the connecting rod in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of measuring the journal section according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of single-journey section measurement according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the support component structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] In all the accompanying drawings, the same reference numerals are used to denote the same elements or structures, wherein: 1-camera, 2-laser generator, 3-front door type bracket, 4-rear door type bracket, 5-connecting rod, 6-square rod, 7-fastening bolt, 8, 9-double-ended bolt, 10-journal, 11-data acquisition and processing unit, 13-rectangular slot, 14-upper receiving slot, 15-lower receiving slot, 16-pad, 17-bracket. Detailed Implementation

[0033] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of this invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0034] This invention provides an optical measurement device for the position and attitude of a shaft journal, comprising a measurement assembly. The measurement assembly includes a portal frame and two pairs of laser generators 2 and cameras 1 (specifically, industrial CCD cameras). One pair of laser generators and cameras are respectively mounted on the upper, opposite positions of two vertical columns of the portal frame, while the other pair of laser generators and cameras are respectively mounted on the lower, opposite positions of two vertical columns of the portal frame. The bottom surface of the portal frame is used as a reference plane, and the vertical columns are perpendicular to the reference plane.

[0035] Specifically, the centerlines of a pair of laser generators 2 and cameras 1 are located in a normal plane of the reference plane, and both centerlines are parallel to the reference plane; the upper and lower cameras are located in the same vertical plane (which is perpendicular to the reference plane) to ensure measurement accuracy.

[0036] Furthermore, the measuring assembly also includes two square rods 6, which are respectively fixed to the two vertical columns of the portal frame. Specifically, as shown... Figure 2 As shown, each square rod 6 is machined on the same machine tool and has two slots: an upper receiving slot 14 and a lower receiving slot 15. The dimensions and slot positions are exactly the same, and the bottom surfaces of the upper receiving slot 14 and the lower receiving slot 15 are parallel to the reference surface. The pair of laser generators and cameras at the top are respectively installed on the bottom surface of the corresponding upper receiving slot 14, and the pair of laser generators and cameras at the bottom are respectively installed on the bottom surface of the corresponding lower receiving slot 15. The square rod 6 can meet the measurement requirements of different sized journals depending on the slot position. The two vertical columns of the portal frame are each provided with corresponding rectangular slots 13. A pair of square rods 6 are respectively installed in the two rectangular slots 13 by fastening bolts 7. The height of the square rod 6 is slightly less than the height of the rectangular slot 13 to facilitate the installation of the square rod 6. The square rod 6 is generally installed close to the lower end face of the rectangular slot 13. The rectangular slots on the same horizontal plane are cut with a single cut, and the slotting direction of the rectangular slots is parallel to the bottom surface of the frame.

[0037] Furthermore, camera 1 is fixed to the bottom of the receiving slot of square rod 6 with fixing bolts and is electrically connected to data processing unit 11. Laser generator 2 is fixed with laser tube socket, and then laser tube socket is fixed to the bottom of the receiving slot of square rod 6 with fixing bolts.

[0038] In some embodiments, there are two sets of measuring components, and the two sets of measuring components are fixedly connected by a gate-type bracket. Specifically, such as Figure 1 and Figure 3As shown, the front door bracket 3 and the rear door bracket 4, which are symmetrically arranged, are connected into one unit by two connecting rods 5. The two connecting rods 5 are perpendicular to the front door bracket 3 and the rear door bracket 4. The two connecting rods 5 have symmetrical countersunk holes at both ends, and internal threads are machined in the countersunk holes of the connecting rods. The front door bracket 3 and the rear door bracket 4 have symmetrical countersunk holes at their upper ends. The sleeve is fixed in the countersunk holes of the connecting rods 5, the front door bracket 3, and the rear door bracket 4. They are locked together into one unit by double-headed bolts 8 and fixed with another double-headed bolt 9.

[0039] In some embodiments, there are two sets of measuring components, and the distance between the gantry brackets of the two sets of measuring components is adjustable. For example, the front gantry bracket 3 and the rear gantry bracket 4 are connected by a length-adjustable component, so as to facilitate the adjustment of the distance between the two gantry brackets to accommodate the measurement of journals of different lengths.

[0040] Furthermore, the measuring device also includes two sets of support components, with one set of measuring components corresponding to one set of support components; that is, when there are two sets of measuring components, the two sets of support components support the object being measured (cylindrical rod / journal) on both sides respectively, with one set of support components located at the front door-type bracket 3 and the other set of support components located at the rear door-type bracket 4.

[0041] Specifically, such as Figure 6 As shown, the support assembly includes a pad 16 and a bracket 17. One side of the pad 16 is fitted against the inner side of the portal frame, and the other side is fitted against the side of the object being measured. The pad 16 is mounted on the bracket 17. The corresponding pads of the front and rear portal frames are on the same side of the object being measured. More specifically, the pads are cuboids, and two cuboid pads are machined using a high-precision machine tool. The length of the cuboid pad is the difference between half the distance between the two inner faces of the portal frame and the radius of the measured axis. To ensure that the lengths of the two pads are consistent, a "one-cut" machining process is used to achieve high machining accuracy and surface quality, with the cutting tool passing sequentially through the machined surfaces of the two cuboid pads.

[0042] The above design can reduce cosine error and laser beam offset error, specifically:

[0043] For ease of explanation, construct as follows Figure 1 The spatial rectangular coordinate system shown has the XZ base plane as the reference plane of the measuring device. The X-axis is the theoretical direction of the axis being measured and is parallel to the reference plane; the Y-axis is the height direction and is also the radial direction of the axis being measured; the Z-axis is the theoretical direction of the laser beam generated by the laser.

[0044] The measuring device is theoretically designed with a central working section, located precisely at the midpoint between the frame housing the laser and the frame housing the industrial CCD cameras. The XY reference plane is defined on this central working section, and the mechanical structure is symmetrically designed with this section in mind. Four industrial CCD cameras and four lasers are positioned on either side of the central working section, which is the theoretical longitudinal section where the axis of the measured shaft is placed. Theoretically, the central working section is perpendicular to both the laser beam and the reference bottom surface; that is, in the design, the reference plane and the central working section are perpendicular, and the laser beam is theoretically parallel to the reference bottom surface. However, during actual measurement, the central working section may deviate from the exact midpoint of the front and rear portal frames of the measuring device, resulting in a cosine error.

[0045] Two pads are placed on brackets on the same axial side of the front and rear portal frames, with one end of the pad contacting the frame and the other end fitting against the side of the shaft being measured. At this point, the intermediate working section is near the center of the inner side of the portal frame, ensuring parallelism between the axis of the shaft being measured and the portal frame is ±0.01mm. Through the design of the pads, the deviation of the intermediate working section can be controlled within ±0.5mm. The manufacturing error of the laser tilt angle θ is ±0.08mm in perpendicularity. When the length between the two inner planes of the portal frame is 200mm, tanθ=0.0004, i.e., θ=0.02291831°, and the cosine error is 0.5×(cosθ-1)=0.00000004. The cosine error is very small and its influence is negligible.

[0046] Furthermore, since the laser and laser beam remain perpendicular to the inner side of the portal frame, when the parallelism between the inner side of the front and rear portal frames and the measured axis is ±0.01mm, it is equivalent to the perpendicularity between the measured axis and the laser beam being ±0.01mm. Therefore, the calculated rotation angle for perpendicularity is ±0.005730°. Taking the maximum bearing rotation angle of 0.01495rad in the transfer matrix calculation results of the existing simulated scale-down test bench as an example, the height difference between the actual beam and the theoretical beam in the Y-axis coordinate value of the industrial CCD camera coordinate system is 0.0001496mm, which is less than half a pixel, thus meeting the calculation requirements.

[0047] This invention provides an optical measurement method for the position and attitude of a shaft journal, which is described based on the aforementioned optical measurement device.

[0048] The design value of the height of the zero point of the camera's pixel coordinate system from the reference plane is H0. However, due to inaccuracies in the manufacturing process of the gantry bracket and the installation of the camera, errors occur, and the actual height value is not equal to H0. Consequently, the Y-axis value of the camera's pixel coordinate system also changes, resulting in low measurement accuracy.

[0049] During the manufacturing process of the gantry bracket in the measuring device, there is a certain manufacturing error J1 compared with the ideal design position size; after the industrial CCD camera is installed, there is an installation error J2 between it and the theoretical installation position. Assuming the manufacturing tolerance J1 of the gantry bracket is -0.03mm to +0.03mm, and the installation tolerance J2 of the CCD camera is -0.04mm to +0.04mm, then according to the analytical calculation specification of the dimensional chain in the national standard GB / T 5847 "Dimensional Chain Calculation Method", the total error dT can be obtained as -0.07mm to +0.07mm.

[0050] In actual measurement, after all parts are installed, the error dT is a fixed value, resulting in the actual height corresponding to H0 being H0' = H0 + dT. This invention uses a standard cylindrical rod to calibrate the positions of the upper and lower cameras, thereby eliminating this error and ensuring measurement accuracy, which can be calibrated to the pixel level.

[0051] The following are specific instructions; the measurement includes the following steps:

[0052] S1. Calibration measurement structure, including:

[0053] S11. Fix the standard cylindrical bar and determine the heights H1 and H2 of the upper and lower ends of a certain cross section A of the standard cylindrical bar relative to the reference plane.

[0054] In some embodiments, step S11 specifically includes:

[0055] Using the bottom surface of the portal frame as the measurement reference surface, select a standard cylindrical bar of appropriate size according to the journal to be measured. Use two V-shaped brackets to support the standard cylindrical bar from both ends, so that the standard cylindrical bar is placed horizontally. Take an appropriate number of gauge blocks, so that the height of the gauge block set is close to the top of the standard cylindrical bar, and read the height value H of the gauge block set. Use a dial indicator to touch the top of the gauge block set and the top of the cross-section of the standard cylindrical bar respectively, and obtain the change of the dial indicator ΔH. Then, obtain the height of the uppermost part of the cross-section H1 = H + ΔH. If the diameter D of the standard cylindrical bar is known, then the height of the lowermost part of the cross-section H2 = H1 – D.

[0056] S12, such as Figure 4 As shown, in the measurement assembly, a pair of laser generators and cameras at the top are located on both sides of the upper end of the cross section A of the standard cylindrical rod. Part of the laser emitted by the laser generator is blocked by the upper end of the standard cylindrical rod, and the axis falls precisely on the middle working section. After the laser is received by the camera, it will form bright and dark spots on the camera coordinate axis. When the X-axis coordinate value of the upper camera is x0, the Y-axis coordinate value Y1 at the corresponding bright and dark boundary is obtained (the value of Y1 can be read from the number of camera pixels); then the height H1' of the upper camera at x0 on the X-axis relative to the reference plane is obtained as H1-Y1.

[0057] A pair of laser generators and cameras are placed on both sides of the lower end of the cross section A of a standard cylindrical rod. Part of the laser emitted by the laser generator is blocked by the lower end of the standard cylindrical rod. The laser forms bright and dark spots on the camera coordinate axis. When the X-axis coordinate value of the lower camera is x0, the Y-axis coordinate value Y2 of the corresponding bright and dark boundary is obtained. Then, the height H2' = H2 – Y2 of the lower camera at x0 on the X-axis relative to the reference plane is obtained.

[0058] S2. After calibration, measure the journal position and attitude. The specific process is as follows:

[0059] Determine the center height of the cross sections at both ends of the journal relative to the reference plane. Based on the center height of the journal at both ends, the deflection and tilt angle of the journal can be obtained, and the position and attitude of the journal of the shaft system can be determined.

[0060] like Figure 5 As shown, the method for determining the center height of a certain cross section of the journal is as follows:

[0061] The measuring assembly is placed at the cross-section of the journal to be measured. The heights of the two pairs of laser generators and cameras remain unchanged. The axis of the journal to be measured falls precisely on the middle working section. Measurements are taken at the upper and lower ends of the journal cross-section. The working principle is the same as in S12. When the pixel coordinates of the upper and lower cameras are x0, the corresponding Y-axis coordinates Y1' and Y2' at the light and dark boundary are obtained. Here, the X-axis is the axial direction, and the Y-axis is the radial direction of the height and the height of the journal. Since the Y value will change when measuring the axial edge, a specific point x0 is taken on the X-axis for measurement. Then, the height value of the uppermost end of the journal cross-section is H1" = H1' + Y1', and the height value of the lowermost end of the cross-section is H2" = H2' + Y2'. Thus, the center height h of the journal cross-section is obtained as h = (Y1' + H1' + Y2' + H2') / 2.

[0062] The method for determining journal deflection is as follows: taking the center height h' of the corresponding fixed end of the shaft as the reference, the deflection at the journal cross section is h'-h.

[0063] The journal inclination angle θ is calculated as follows: θ = arctan(Δh / l), where Δh is the difference in center height between the two ends of the journal and the reference plane, and l is the journal length.

[0064] Furthermore, when the measuring device has two sets of measuring components, the two sets of measuring components are located at the cross-sections at both ends of the journal, so that the center height of the cross-sections at both ends of the journal relative to the reference plane can be obtained simultaneously.

[0065] Those skilled in the art will readily understand that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An optical measurement method for the position and attitude of a shaft journal, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Fix a standard cylindrical bar with a known diameter, and determine the heights H1 and H2 of the upper and lower ends of the cross section A of the standard cylindrical bar relative to the preset reference plane; A pair of laser generators and a camera are placed on either side of the upper end of the cross section A of a standard cylindrical rod. Part of the laser emitted by the laser generator is blocked by the upper end of the standard cylindrical rod, and the laser forms bright and dark spots in the camera. In the pixel coordinate system of the camera, the Y-axis coordinate value Y1 corresponding to the light and dark boundary is obtained when the X-axis coordinate value is x0. Then, the height H1' = H1 - Y1 of the upper camera at x0 on the X-axis relative to the reference plane is obtained. Another pair of laser generators and cameras are placed on both sides of the lower end of the cross section A of the standard cylindrical rod. Part of the laser emitted by the laser generator is blocked by the lower end of the standard cylindrical rod, and the laser forms bright and dark spots in the camera. In the pixel coordinate system of the camera, the Y-axis coordinate value Y2 corresponding to the light and dark boundary is obtained when the X-axis coordinate value is x0. Then, the height H2' = H2 – Y2 of the lower camera at x0 on the X-axis relative to the reference plane is obtained. S2. Determine the center height of the cross sections at both ends of the journal relative to the reference plane, and then obtain the journal deflection and tilt angle to determine the journal position and orientation; the method for determining the center height of a certain cross section of the journal is as follows: Keeping the heights of the two pairs of laser generators and cameras constant, measurements are taken at the upper and lower ends of the journal cross-section to obtain the Y-axis coordinates Y1' and Y2' at the corresponding light-dark boundary when the X-axis coordinate of the upper and lower cameras is x0. Then, combined with H1' and H2', the center height of the journal cross-section is obtained.

2. The optical measurement method for the position and attitude of shaft journals as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Step S1, determining the heights H1 and H2 of the upper and lower ends of the standard cylindrical bar cross section A relative to the reference plane, includes the following steps: Take a certain number of gauge block sets, make the height of the gauge block sets close to the top of the standard cylindrical bar, and read the height value H of the gauge block sets. Using the same dial indicator, touch the top of the gauge block group and the top of the cross section A of the standard cylindrical rod respectively to obtain the change in the dial indicator ΔH, and then obtain H1=H+ΔH, H2=H1–D, where D is the diameter of the standard cylindrical rod.

3. The optical measurement method for the position and attitude of shaft journals as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Step S2, the formula for calculating the center height h of the journal cross section is: h=(Y1'+H1'+Y2'+H2') / 2.

4. The optical measurement method for the position and attitude of shaft journals as described in any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, Step S2, the formula for calculating the journal inclination angle θ is: θ=arctan(△h / l), where △h is the difference in center height between the two ends of the journal cross section and the reference plane, and l is the journal length.

5. An optical measuring apparatus for implementing the optical measurement method for the position and attitude of a shaft journal as described in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The device includes a measuring assembly comprising a portal frame and two pairs of laser generators and cameras. One pair of laser generators and cameras are respectively mounted on the upper part of two vertical columns of the portal frame at opposite positions, and the other pair of laser generators and cameras are respectively mounted on the lower part of two vertical columns of the portal frame at opposite positions.

6. The optical measuring device as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The measurement components are in two sets.

7. The optical measuring device as described in claim 6, characterized in that, It also includes two sets of support components, one set of support components corresponding to one set of measuring components; the support component includes a pad and a bracket, one side of the pad is attached to the inner side of the gate-shaped bracket, and the other side is attached to the side of the object being measured, and the pad is mounted on the bracket; the pads of the two sets of support components are set on the same side of the object being measured.

8. The optical measuring device as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The two sets of measuring components are fixedly connected by a gate-shaped bracket.

9. The optical measuring device as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The two sets of measuring components are movably connected by a gantry bracket with adjustable distance.

10. The optical measuring device according to any one of claims 5-9, characterized in that, The measuring assembly also includes two square rods, which are fixed in rectangular slots on the two vertical columns of the portal frame. The square rods are provided with receiving slots for accommodating the laser generator and the camera.

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