Deflectable cleat system for footwear

Abstract

A sole portion for an article of footwear having a plurality of cleat systems, cleats, or plate structures that dissipate forces by deflecting, deforming, displacing, or otherwise moving under selected forces, or by facilitating movement of the cleats about a radial line during ground engagement.

Description

[0001] Related applications

[0002] This application claims the benefit and priority of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 332,654, filed April 19, 2022, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 300,775, filed January 19, 2022, both of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety for all purposes, as if fully set forth herein.

[0003] background

[0004] Many sports and outdoor activities use footwear with cleats to optimize traction for users. Traditionally, when athletes run, pivot, etc., cleats or anti-slip spikes improve traction by partially embedding into or otherwise gripping the ground surface.

[0005] In basic terminology, a typical shoe with cleats or studs includes a sole unit with a longitudinal axis that typically extends along the midline of the shoe from the distal end (forefoot) to the proximal end (heel), dividing the shoe into an outer and medial half. Multiple cleats are attached to the bottom of the sole, protruding outwards from the sole and adapted to engage and partially embed or securely grip the ground support surface. (As used herein, "cleat" refers to a cleat or stud having a discrete, projecting form protruding from the bottom of the sole as a fixed or non-removable extension of a plate or saddle, or a removable / replaceable extension. Cudgels are commonly found on athletic shoes (such as American football or soccer shoes) or boots, and similar footwear used on typically soft playing surfaces (such as natural or artificial turf). Cudgels and similar constructions can also be used in other athletic shoes (such as golf shoes) or non-athletic shoes where enhanced traction may be required.)

[0006] While cleated athletic shoes were previously known to improve traction for athletes during running, they also increased the risk of knee and ankle ligament injuries. More specifically, because cleated shoes partially embed or firmly grip the ground, the lateral inward force applied to the athlete's lower limbs often causes the lower limbs to deflect inward. However, because the cleats on these previously known shoes grip the ground and resist this lateral inward movement, injuries can and do occur. Certain types of injuries, such as damage to ligaments, cartilage, and other soft tissues, can cause permanent damage to athletes.

[0007] Overview

[0008] In its simplest sense, the subject of this invention relates to a sole portion for footwear articles having a plurality of anti-slip stud systems, studs, or plate structures that dissipate force by deflecting, deforming, displacing, or otherwise shifting under selected forces, or by facilitating movement of the studs about a radial line during ground engagement.

[0009] In one possible embodiment, the subject matter of the invention generally relates to the sole portion of a shoe. The sole portion includes a plurality of anti-slip stud systems disposed on a sole plate. Each anti-slip stud system has an anti-slip stud disposed on a sole unit, each stud having a head portion for engaging the ground and a base portion disposed on the sole unit. Each stud is associated with an elastomeric structure that deflects or deforms under sufficient lateral load, thereby allowing the anti-slip stud to deflect or deform laterally.

[0010] In the foregoing or other embodiments, each anti-slip stud system may have a head portion disposed below the body portion, the head portion being relatively rigid than the body portion and adapted to penetrate into a selected ground, and the body portion being made of an elastomeric material that is laterally deflected or deformable under the high loads typically encountered in sports or outdoor use, and wherein the base portion has an elongated or oblong profile that allows anisotropic deformation under lateral loads.

[0011] In the foregoing or other embodiments, the anti-slip stud system or anti-slip studs may be arranged in a generally radial pattern.

[0012] In the foregoing or other embodiments, the anti-slip studs may have an elongated arc shape.

[0013] In the foregoing or other embodiments, for each anti-slip stud in the anti-slip stud system, an anchor is provided on the sole plate extending downward into a cavity in each anti-slip stud, and an elastomeric structure is disposed around the anchor or on a selected side of the anchor and between the walls of the cavity, thereby enabling the anti-slip stud to move freely on the anchor and relative to the sole plate under the action of sufficient lateral force, based on the compression of the elastic material in response to the force.

[0014] In the foregoing or other embodiments, the sole plate may include a lower plate and an upper plate, the lower plate and the upper plate being configured to move laterally relative to each other via the elastomeric structure, thereby causing lateral movement of the anti-slip stud system.

[0015] In the foregoing or other embodiments, the elastomeric structure may be an elastomeric pad disposed between the lower plate and the upper plate and interconnected to one or both plates, the deformation of the elastomeric pad allowing relative movement of the plates.

[0016] In the foregoing or other embodiments, a plurality of elastomeric strut elements may be disposed between the lower plate and the upper plate and operably interconnected to one or both plates, the deformation of the elastomeric struts allowing relative movement of the plates.

[0017] In the foregoing or other embodiments, the sole unit may be configured with a pivot point, and the sole unit or the plate therein may be movable in a radial path about the pivot point.

[0018] In the foregoing or other embodiments, pivoting can be achieved by providing a pin element spanning the plate and the intermediate elastomeric pad, allowing the lower plate to pivot relative to the upper plate.

[0019] In the foregoing or other embodiments, the lower plate and the upper plate may have different rigidities such that one plate elastically deforms relative to the other plate under compressive load, and the opposing surfaces of the plates are separated by one or more spacers that engage elastically deformable surfaces to deform under load.

[0020] In another possible general embodiment, the subject matter of the invention relates to a sole portion of a shoe, comprising a plurality of anti-slip stud systems disposed on a sole plate. Each anti-slip stud system or stud has an elastomeric structure or is associated with an elastomeric structure that allows the stud to be displaced laterally and / or vertically under sufficient lateral load. The sole plate includes a lower plate and an upper plate configured to move relative to each other, thereby providing the lateral and / or vertical displacement. Furthermore, the lower and upper plates have different rigidities such that one plate elastically deforms relative to the other under compressive load, and the opposing surfaces of the plates are separated by one or more spacers that engage elastically deformable surfaces of the plates to deform under load.

[0021] In the foregoing or other embodiments, each anti-slip stud system may have a top portion and a base portion, the base portion being fixed to the sole plate, and the top portion being segmented along a line substantially orthogonal to the surface of the sole plate, each segment being elastically laterally displaceable under sufficient force.

[0022] In the foregoing or other embodiments, in order to control the displacement direction of the segment, the segment may be disposed in a groove or slot, the groove or slot being configured with sidewalls that anisotropically control the displacement direction and / or range of the segment.

[0023] In the foregoing or other embodiments, the anti-slip stud system may be arranged in a radial pattern, and the anti-slip studs may be configured to deflect along the radial lines of the pattern.

[0024] In the foregoing or other embodiments, there may be a plurality of first anti-slip stud systems disposed on the sole plate and a plurality of second anti-slip stud systems disposed on the sole plate, the plurality of first anti-slip stud systems being configured to provide pivoting about a point defined by the arrangement of the anti-slip stud systems, and the plurality of second anti-slip stud systems being configured to avoid impeding the pivoting action of the plurality of first anti-slip stud systems.

[0025] In the foregoing or other embodiments, one of the plurality of first anti-slip studs may be higher than one of the plurality of second anti-slip studs, and the plurality of first anti-slip studs are arranged around a selected point for pivoting.

[0026] In the foregoing or other embodiments, the selected pivot point may be located on the sole plate at or near the location corresponding to the user's first metatarsal head.

[0027] In the foregoing or other embodiments, the sole portion may be the forefoot portion of the shoe.

[0028] In the foregoing or other embodiments, the sole portion may be configured with a pivot point at or near the location corresponding to the first metatarsal head.

[0029] In another possible general embodiment, the subject matter of the invention relates to a sole portion of a shoe having a plurality of anti-slip stud systems. Each anti-slip stud system has an anti-slip stud having a head portion for engaging the ground and a support portion extending from the head portion, the support portion having an end that engages with a sole plate in the sole portion. The sole portion includes a concave or convex receptacle in the sole plate portion. The anti-slip stud support portion includes sections having complementary convex or concave shapes, the complementary convex or concave sections being pivotally engaged with the concave or convex receptacle in response to shear forces. Furthermore, one or more elastomeric elements are included in the anti-slip stud system, the elastomeric elements engaging with the anti-slip stud head portion and / or the support to control the degree of deformation or deflection in response to lateral shear forces, and to restore the anti-slip stud to its neutral position once the force is removed.

[0030] In the foregoing or other embodiments, the elastomeric element may be configured and / or arranged to directionally control the deformation or deflection of the anti-slip stud.

[0031] In the foregoing or other embodiments, the anti-slip stud system may be configured to anisotropically allow deformation or deflection primarily toward one of the outer or inner sides of the shoe in response to a predetermined shear force applied to the anti-slip stud.

[0032] In the foregoing or other embodiments, the sole portion may include a protrusion in the sole plate and a recess in the anti-slip stud head portion, the protrusion and recess being pivotally engaged under the shear force.

[0033] In the foregoing or other embodiments, the protrusion includes a channel through which the anti-slip stud portion passes, and the channel defines a predetermined amount of travel for the anti-slip stud support portion.

[0034] In the foregoing or other embodiments, at least one elastomeric element may be disposed in the channel, the elastomeric element being operatively engaged with the strut and the protrusion to control the degree of deflection of the deformation.

[0035] In the foregoing or other embodiments, the anti-slip stud post may be disposed in a channel of the sole plate, and the elastomeric element is disposed adjacent to the anti-slip stud post within the channel, such that the elastomeric element operatively engages the anti-slip stud post and the sole plate.

[0036] In the foregoing or other embodiments, the elastomeric element may be a ring disposed around the anti-slip stud post.

[0037] In the foregoing or other embodiments, the receiving portion may be at least partially disposed in the channel of the sole, and the elastomeric element is disposed near the portion of the receiving portion within the channel, such that the elastomeric element operatively engages the receiving portion and the sole plate.

[0038] In the foregoing or other embodiments, the anti-slip stud post may be disposed in a channel of the sole plate, and the elastomeric element is disposed adjacent to the anti-slip stud post within the channel, such that the elastomeric element operatively engages the anti-slip stud post and the sole plate.

[0039] In the foregoing or other embodiments, at the operating interface between the anti-slip stud head and the sole plate, one or both of the anti-slip stud head and the sole portion may be elastomeric portions at the interface region. In the foregoing or other embodiments, the elastomeric element at the interface may be or include the elastomeric base portion of the anti-slip stud head. In the foregoing or other embodiments, the elastomeric element at the interface may be or include the elastomeric base portion of the sole plate.

[0040] In another possible general embodiment, the subject matter of the invention relates to a footwear article having an anti-slip stud system. The footwear includes an upper and a sole unit, the upper being configured to receive a wearer's foot, and the sole unit being coupled to the upper for contact with the ground. The sole unit has a plurality of anti-slip studs projecting from a ground-facing surface of the sole unit. Each anti-slip stud is located in an anti-slip stud system including the stud. The anti-slip stud has a head portion and a base portion. The anti-slip stud is coupled to a post having a first end fixedly or removably anchored to the anti-slip stud and a second end fixedly or removably anchored to a plate portion in the sole unit. The anti-slip stud is capable of lateral deflection by: (i) pivoting of the second end of the post relative to the plate portion and (ii) pivoting and / or deformation caused by engagement of the base of the anti-slip stud with the ground-facing surface of the sole unit.

[0041] In the foregoing or other embodiments, deflectability can be facilitated by pivoting the complementary convex and concave surfaces associated with the second end of the strut and the plate.

[0042] In the foregoing or other embodiments, the concave / convex surface may be associated with the column and the receiving portion included in the plate portion.

[0043] In the foregoing or other embodiments, the concave / convex surface may be associated with the receiving portion included in the plate portion and the sidewall of the plate portion.

[0044] In the foregoing or other embodiments, deflectability is facilitated by pivoting of complementary concave and convex surfaces associated with the support and the receiving portion included in the plate portion.

[0045] In the foregoing or other embodiments, deflectability is facilitated by pivoting complementary concave and convex surfaces associated with the receiving portion included in the plate portion and the sidewall of the plate portion.

[0046] In the foregoing or other embodiments, deflectability can be facilitated by pivoting complementary convex and concave surfaces associated with the base of the anti-slip stud and the ground-facing surface of the sole unit.

[0047] In the foregoing or other embodiments, deflectability can be facilitated by deformation of the base portion of the anti-slip stud and / or the mounting portion of the sole unit adjacent to the base portion.

[0048] In other possible general embodiments, the subject matter of the invention relates to methods of manufacturing any of the foregoing embodiments. For example, in one possible method, the subject matter of the invention relates to a method of manufacturing a shoe sole plate, the method comprising the steps of: providing a slip stud having a head portion for engaging the ground and a base or support portion extending from the head portion, the base or support portion having an end portion engaging a sole plate for a sole portion of a shoe, a concave or convex receiving portion included in the sole plate portion, the slip stud support or base portion including segments having complementary convex or concave shapes, the segments pivotally engaging the concave or convex receiving portion in response to a shear force; and providing one or more elastomeric elements in the slip stud system, the elastomeric elements engaging with the slip stud head portion and / or the support to control the degree of deformation or deflection in response to a lateral shear force, and restoring the slip stud to a neutral position once the force is removed.

[0049] In another possible general embodiment, the subject matter of the invention relates to a sole portion of a shoe, comprising a plurality of anti-slip stud systems disposed on a sole plate, each anti-slip stud system having an anti-slip stud body having one or more supports disposed on a side of the anti-slip stud body, at least one support restricting the deflectability or deformability of the anti-slip stud body. The supports are configured for selected modifications to not restrict the deflectability or deformability of the anti-slip stud body in a selected lateral or vertical direction, and / or the supports are configured to be selectively removed and replaced with different anti-slip studs having different deflectability or deformability properties.

[0050] In the foregoing or other embodiments, the support may be configured for selected modifications to provide directional control over the deflection or deformation of the anti-slip studs.

[0051] In the foregoing or other embodiments, the anti-slip stud system may be configured to anisotropically deflect or deform primarily toward one of the outer or inner sides of the sole portion in response to a predetermined shear force applied to the anti-slip stud.

[0052] In the foregoing or other embodiments, each modifiable support includes a scoring line that indicates to the user how to cut the anti-slip stud for a selected modification.

[0053] Various embodiments of the subject matter of the invention are described in more detail in the following detailed description and accompanying drawings. The appended claims, originally filed or subsequently amended in this document, are incorporated herein by reference in the summary section as if written directly therein. The foregoing is not intended to be an exhaustive list of embodiments and features of the subject matter of the invention. Other embodiments and features will become apparent to those skilled in the art in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description. Brief description of the attached diagram

[0055] The accompanying drawings illustrate embodiments of the invention, unless otherwise indicated as illustrating prior art.

[0056] Figure 1 A side view of a representative athletic shoe with anti-slip studs is shown (the right shoe is shown and the left shoe is a mirror image).

[0057] Figure 2A Schematic illustration of what can be used Figure 1 A frontal cross-section of the anti-slip stud system in an athletic shoe, showing the anti-slip studs in a neutral, unloaded state.

[0058] Figure 2B It shows Figure 2A The anti-slip studs, wherein the anti-slip studs deflect in a predetermined direction under a predetermined lateral directional load and form a predetermined angle relative to the sole of the shoe.

[0059] Figure 3 A separate plan perspective view is shown, which may be included on the sole unit of a shoe with anti-slip studs.

[0060] Figure 4 It shows that it can be installed to Figure 3 A front side perspective view of the installation area for removable anti-slip studs.

[0061] Figure 5 A planar perspective view of an elastic element is shown, which limits the deflection of the anti-slip studs in the anti-slip stud system and promotes the return of the anti-slip studs to the center, while also sealing the shoe to prevent debris from being introduced into the anti-slip stud housing.

[0062] Figure 6 Schematic illustration of what can be used Figure 1 A frontal cross-section of an alternative anti-slip stud system in athletic shoes, with the anti-slip studs in a neutral, unloaded state.

[0063] Figure 7 Schematic illustration of what can be used Figure 1 A frontal cross-section of another alternative anti-slip stud system in athletic shoes, in which the anti-slip studs are in a neutral, unloaded state.

[0064] Figure 8 Schematic illustration of what can be used Figure 1 A frontal cross-section of another alternative anti-slip stud system in athletic shoes, in which the anti-slip studs are in a neutral, unloaded state.

[0065] Figure 9 Schematic illustration of what can be used Figure 1 A frontal cross-section of another alternative anti-slip stud system in athletic shoes, in which the anti-slip studs are in a neutral, unloaded state.

[0066] Figures 10-19 Various other possible embodiments of the subject matter of the invention are shown. (The main views of the embodiments are labeled with figure numbers, and the additional views of the embodiments or portions thereof are labeled with letter labels, such as...) Figure 10A ...)

[0067] Figure 10 A bottom view is shown of a sole unit embodying a set of deflectable or deformable anti-slip studs.

[0068] Figure 10A It comes from Figure 10 An independent view of the anti-slip stud system.

[0069] Figure 11 A bottom view is shown of another embodiment of a sole unit embodying a set of deflectable or deformable anti-slip studs system.

[0070] Figure 11A It is a section taken along the long axis of the anti-slip studs from Figure 11 An independent cross-sectional view of the anti-slip stud system.

[0071] Figure 11B It is a section taken along the orthogonal minor axis of the anti-slip stud from Figure 11 An independent cross-sectional view of the anti-slip stud system.

[0072] Figure 11C It shows Figure 11B Cross section under transverse load.

[0073] Figure 12 A bottom view is shown of another embodiment of a sole unit embodying a set of deflectable or deformable anti-slip studs system.

[0074] Figure 12A It is taken from the center line of the curvature shown. Figure 12 An independent cross-sectional view of the anti-slip stud system.

[0075] Figure 12B It shows Figure 12A Cross section under transverse load.

[0076] Figure 13 A bottom view is shown of another embodiment of a sole unit embodying a set of deflectable or deformable anti-slip studs system.

[0077] Figure 13A It comes from Figure 13 An independent cross-sectional view of a pair of anti-slip stud systems.

[0078] Figure 13B Showing from Figure 13 A perspective view of a representative anti-slip stud system.

[0079] Figure 14 A side view of another embodiment of a shoe with a sole unit embodying a set of deflectable or deformable anti-slip studs is shown.

[0080] Figure 14A It shows Figure 14 A bottom view of an embodiment.

[0081] Figure 14B It shows along Figure 14A The line indicated in the middle is taken from Figure 14 A view of the cross-section of the shoe.

[0082] Figure 14C and Figure 14B The same, but under lateral load.

[0083] Figure 15 A side view of another embodiment of a shoe with a sole unit embodying a set of deflectable or deformable anti-slip studs is shown.

[0084] Figure 15A It shows Figure 15 A bottom view of an embodiment.

[0085] Figure 15B It shows along Figure 15A The line indicated in the middle is taken from Figure 15 A cross-sectional view of the shoe.

[0086] Figure 16 A bottom view is shown of another embodiment of a sole unit embodying a set of deflectable or deformable anti-slip studs system.

[0087] Figure 16A It is along Figure 16 The line indicated in the middle is taken from Figure 16 An independent cross-sectional view of the anti-slip stud system.

[0088] Figure 16B It shows Figure 16A Cross section under vertical (compressive) load.

[0089] Figure 17 A bottom view is shown of another embodiment of a sole unit embodying a set of deflectable or deformable anti-slip studs system.

[0090] Figure 17A It is along Figure 17 An independent cross-sectional view of the anti-slip stud system, taken from the indicator lines in the image.

[0091] Figure 17B It shows Figure 17A Cross section under transverse load.

[0092] Figure 18 A side view of another embodiment of a shoe with a sole unit embodying a set of deflectable or deformable anti-slip studs is shown.

[0093] Figure 18A It shows Figure 18 A bottom view of an embodiment.

[0094] Figure 19 A bottom view is shown of another embodiment of a sole unit embodying a set of deflectable or deformable anti-slip studs system.

[0095] Figure 19A It comes from Figure 19 An independent perspective view of the anti-slip stud system.

[0096] Detailed description

[0097] Representative embodiments and features of the subject matter of the present invention are described in... Figures 1-19 As shown, features that are identical or substantially similar may share common reference numerals. The figures are for illustrative purposes and are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0098] The present invention generally relates to a stud system that allows a stud to laterally deform or deflect in response to a predetermined shear force applied to it. In some embodiments, the stud system includes a concave or convex receptacle in a sole plate portion of a shoe sole assembly, and the stud includes a support portion having a complementary convex or concave shape, the support portion being pivotally engaged with the concave receptacle in response to a shear force. The system includes an elastomeric element that engages with the stud head and / or support to control the degree of deformation or deflection and to restore the stud to its neutral position once the force is removed. In some embodiments, the elastomeric element is configured and / or arranged to directionally control the deformation or deflection of the stud. For example, the stud system may be configured to anisotropically allow deflection primarily toward either the outer or inner side of the shoe.

[0099] Figure 1An athletic shoe 1 is shown, having an upper 2 and a sole unit 3 associated with and located below the upper. The sole unit has a longitudinal axis extending from the distal end (forefoot) of the shoe to the proximal end (heel). (The reference numerals used herein may be general indicators of common structures, but details may vary from figure to figure, as will be apparent from the figures and text). The sole unit may have multiple components, including any one or more of the following: an insole, a Strobel or other last, a midsole or other cushioning element, a rigid or semi-rigid plate (e.g., polymers (such as plastics), robust elastomers; semi-rigid plates; composite materials (such as carbon fiber or glass fiber); thermosetting materials; metals; leather; etc.) and / or an outsole. Any such material may correspond to the full length and width of the foot or a portion thereof. These components are well known to those skilled in the art. Suitable plastics and elastomers include thermoplastic and thermoelastic polymers.

[0100] The shoe includes a stud system 10 having a plurality of spaced-apart studs or spikes 12 disposed on a sole unit 3, such that the studs protrude outward from the bottom of the sole unit. The studs are adapted to embed or grip a yieldable ground support surface to improve traction for athletes or other users. Some of the studs are disposed in the forefoot section of the sole unit, and some are disposed in the heel section of the sole unit. The studs can be removably attached to a mounting area 20 in the sole unit 3 using threaded supports. The number, size, and shape of the studs on the shoe, as well as their spacing and arrangement, can vary significantly, as is known in the art. One or more studs may be deflectable. Not all studs need to be deflectable. For example, deflectable studs may be included only in the forefoot region of the shoe, but not in the heel region. Furthermore, among the deflectable studs, some deflectable studs may deflect differently from the others in terms of deflection direction and / or angle. More details about anti-slip studs and their installation on the sole unit are provided below.

[0101] Figures 2A-2B A possible example of an anti-slip stud system 10 with multiple deflectable anti-slip studs 12 is shown. The system includes anti-slip studs 12, each located in the mounting area 20 of the sole unit 3.

[0102] The anti-slip stud 12 includes a head portion 14 for engaging the ground and a base portion 15 located near the sole unit. Extending from the head portion is a post 16 having an end portion 18 that engages with a receiving portion in the installation area. Typically, the post is made of metal or other structurally robust material that will not yield to the compressive forces typically encountered during intended use conditions. (The post portion may be simply referred to as the "post"). Figures 2A-2BIn the example, the strut can be a threaded member that engages with the internal threads in the head section. The strut can be pre-attached to the head or sole unit. The strut can be a rigid or substantially rigid structure, but it can elastically deform to a desired degree under compressive, tensile, or bending forces.

[0103] The mounting area 20 of the sole unit can be a robust material, such as a rigid or robust plate structure 22 for securing the anti-slip stud to the sole unit. In the example shown, the sole unit includes a relatively rigid sole plate 22 at least in the area where the anti-slip stud is to be mounted. The sole plate shown includes a fixed concave receiving portion 24. (In other embodiments, the receiving portion may be convex). The open side of the receiving portion faces away from the bottom of the shoe. The end portion 18 of the anti-slip stud post includes a segment 25 having a convex shape complementary to the concave surface of the receiving portion. Thus, the convex structure can pivotally engage the concave receiving portion 24 in response to lateral forces, thereby allowing the anti-slip stud 12 to deflect in any desired direction. A variety of materials can be used to manufacture the sole plate discussed herein. For example, thermoplastic elastomers, such as thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), glass composites, nylon including glass-filled nylon, spring steel, carbon fiber, ceramics, or foam or rubber materials (such as, but not limited to, foams or rubbers with a Shore A hardness of about 50-70 (using the ASTM D2240-05 (2010) standard test method) or an Asker C hardness of 65-85 (using the hardness test JIS K6767 (1976)) can be used for sole plates. Other natural and synthetic materials used for sole units as described above are also suitable.

[0104] Suitable mounting areas or other parts of the sole include TPU, nylon, Pebax, and composite materials. Similarly, anti-slip studs can be made wholly or partially of these materials, as well as many other materials known to those skilled in the art.

[0105] To control the degree or angle of deflection, the stud system includes one or more resilient elastomeric elements 26 that engage with the stud head portion and / or the support 16 to control the degree of deformation or deflection in response to lateral forces and to return the stud to its neutral position once the force is removed. The elastomeric elements act as elastic dampers to control the range of deflection or deformation of the stud. Typically, the elastomeric elements are moldable polymer materials, such as natural or synthetic rubber or rubber-like materials. However, the elastomeric elements can also be mechanical springs, such as compression springs. The elastomeric elements can be discrete structures directly or indirectly operably coupled to other components of the stud system. The elastomeric elements can also be integrated with other components into a monolithic structure, for example, by co-molding materials with different material properties.

[0106] exist Figures 2A-2BIn this embodiment, deflectability is facilitated by an annular elastomer element 26. The elastomer element is inserted between the post end portion 18 and the sole plate 22 and is operatively coupled to these components. As shown, the sole plate includes a channel or other cavity 30 that is wider than the post and defines the extent of travel or free play of the post and associated anti-slip studs when the elastomer element is compressed. In this embodiment, the elastomer element fills the gaps between the cavity walls.

[0107] like Figure 2B As shown, under the action of force, the elastomeric element deforms under lateral load to facilitate the deflection of the strut and the anti-slip stud. In this example, because the elastomeric element is annular and fitted into a complementary circular channel in the sole plate, the anti-slip stud can be oriented to deflect 360 degrees and to a predetermined angle, approximately 12 degrees (the angle of the strut relative to the sole plate) in this exemplary case.

[0108] In other cases, the cavity can be a directional channel that restricts the direction and degree of deflection. For example, the channel can be oblong, with its longitudinal axis oriented between the outer and inner sides of the shoe, i.e., the lateral axis of the shoe. The channel can be sized and shaped to allow a predetermined amount of free play along the longitudinal axis and a different amount of free play along the lateral axis of the shoe. For example, there may be little or no free play along the longitudinal axis of the shoe, while there may be significant free play along the lateral axis of the shoe.

[0109] exist Figures 2A-2B In one embodiment, the sole plate 22 has a protruding or raised region 28 on the outer mounting area of ​​the sole. The raised surface is configured to pivotally engage with a complementary concave surface on the bottom of the anti-slip stud.

[0110] Figure 3 A separate plan perspective view is shown, which may be included on the sole unit of a shoe with anti-slip studs.

[0111] Figure 4 It shows that it can be installed to Figure 3 A front side perspective view of the installation area for removable anti-slip studs.

[0112] Figure 5 A planar perspective view of an elastic element is shown, which limits the deflection of the anti-slip stud and promotes return to the center within the anti-slip stud system, while also sealing the shoe to prevent foreign, unwanted debris from being introduced into the anti-slip stud housing.

[0113] Figures 6-9 Variations of the subject matter of this invention are shown. In these alternative embodiments, the anti-slip stud system uses, for example... Figure 3 The internal thread receiving part shown and as shown Figure 4 The anti-slip pin shown has a fixed threaded support element.

[0114] exist Figure 6 In one embodiment, the support 116 has a portion anchored to the anti-slip stud 112 and a threaded portion extending from the anti-slip stud into a complementary threaded region of the receiving portion 124. The receiving portion has a flange portion 125 that protrudes on the side engaging with a recessed portion 127 of the sole plate 122. The sole plate includes a cavity or channel 130 that defines a range of free play between the support and the associated anti-slip stud. A resilient elastomeric element 126 is inserted between the sidewalls of the support and the cavity to control the deflection range of the support and the anti-slip stud. The bottom of the anti-slip stud also includes an annular elastomeric element 226, which is essentially an elastic, resiliently deformable material to facilitate deflection in response to lateral forces.

[0115] The sole plate can be reinforced with a rigid washer or metal plate 132 at its bottom adjacent to the anti-slip stud. The rigid and elastically deformable portions of the anti-slip stud can be an integral structure formed of different co-molded polymer materials. Alternatively, the rigid and elastically deformable portions of the anti-slip stud can be discrete structures bonded or otherwise fixed together. The portion of the support inserted into the anti-slip stud can be fixedly or removably anchored to the anti-slip stud by, for example, insertion molding, threaded fastening, chemical or thermal bonding. Based on the arrangement of the elastomer elements 126 and 226 on the inner and outer sides of the sole plate 122, the anti-slip stud can rock in different directions. When the elastomer element 226 is compressed and deformed to one side, the axes of the anti-slip stud support and the anti-slip stud are angled to that side. On the opposite side of the support, the receiving flange 125 moves downward onto the elastomer element 126, which is compressed and deformed towards that opposite side. Notably, the arrangement of the elastomer elements in this embodiment also allows for cushioning of longitudinal or vertical compressive forces on the anti-slip stud.

[0116] Figure 7 The embodiments are similar to Figure 6 The embodiment differs in that, instead of inserting the elastomeric element 126 between the support 216 of the anti-slip stud and the wall of the cavity 230 in the sole plate 222, the elastomeric element 326 is disposed between the outer wall of the receiving portion 224 and the cavity wall. There is no significant functional difference because the receiving portion and the support are physically connected together in the overall structure. Another difference is that, instead of the bottom portion of the anti-slip stud being deformable, the sole plate includes an elastically deformable elastomeric element 426 adjacent to and abutting the bottom of the anti-slip stud 212. In this case, the element is not circumferential but rather on a selected side of the sole plate 422. This provides anisotropic deflection of the anti-slip stud and support to that side under lateral forces from the opposite side.

[0117] Figure 8 It shows something similar to Figures 6-7Another alternative embodiment of the present invention. One difference is that the support post 316 is removably anchored to the anti-slip stud 312 via a threaded element. The support post includes an anti-slip stud engagement portion 317 with external threads, which screws into a receiving portion 319 with complementary internal threads. The receiving portion can be inserted into the anti-slip stud. Another difference is that the opposite ends 325 of the support post 316 anchored to the sole plate have round bolt heads with grooves for engaging tools such as screwdrivers, hex wrenches, star screwdrivers, etc. Figure 2A The embodiment illustrates a support 16 with an end having a similar construction. Similar to... Figure 7 In one embodiment, the outer side of the sole plate 322 includes an integrated elastomer element 526 that deformably engages with the base of the anti-slip stud head. Figure 8 In this embodiment, the elastomeric element 626 is not directly coupled to the support 316. The support is pivotally anchored to the sole plate via a receiving portion 324. The elastomeric element 626 is inserted between the receiving portion and the peripheral wall in the sole plate. Thus, the receiving portion, the support, and the anti-slip stud are connected together and deflect as a single unit under lateral forces.

[0118] Figure 9 The embodiment is the same, except that instead of integrating the elastomer element 526 into the sole plate 422, the elastomer element 726 is integrated into the base of the anti-slip stud (similar to...). Figure 6 (Except for the embodiments).

[0119] Therefore, it can be understood from the aforementioned disclosure that different arrangements of the elastomeric elements can be directly or indirectly connected to the anti-slip stud system components to allow deflection under lateral forces.

[0120] During exercise, the application of shear forces (lateral forces) can cause injury to athletes, particularly to the joints, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments in their knees and ankles. Alternatively, this force can cause stress on the joints, cartilage, tendons, or ligaments, which can be mitigated by the damping system in the shoe.

[0121] like Figure 2B As shown, in response to a predetermined lateral inward force, the anti-slip stud 12 yields by pivoting at any one of the pivots in a 360-degree range or a selected portion of the 360-degree range, for example, pivoting only to the outer and / or inner side of the shoe.

[0122] observe Figure 1 For a shoe, which is the right shoe (the left shoe, not shown, is a mirror image), the distal side or forefoot side of the anti-slip stud can be considered 0 degrees or 360 degrees, and the proximal side or heel side of the anti-slip stud can be considered 180 degrees. The outer or right side of the shoe will be 90 degrees, while the inner or left side will be 270 degrees.

[0123] In some embodiments, using the right shoe as a reference point, the studs can deflect in directions toward the outside and / or inside of the shoe, i.e., in a direction between 0 and 180 degrees (outside) and / or in a direction between 180 and 360 degrees (inside). In some embodiments, there may be little or no deflection along the longitudinal line of the shoe. For example, deflectability can be limited to a range of 90 degrees plus or minus 45 degrees and / or 270 degrees plus or minus 45 degrees.

[0124] So far, we have been discussing the direction of deflection. The anti-slip stud has a vertical axis angled relative to the bottom of the sole unit (e.g., Figure 9 (Axis A in the text). Typically, the vertical axis will be perpendicular to the plane of the bottom surface. When the anti-slip stud deflects in a particular direction, the vertical axis of the anti-slip stud and the sole unit will change. Depending on the force and the predetermined force for deflection built into the anti-slip stud assembly, the anti-slip stud can be designed to shift from 0 degrees to 45 degrees in response to forces typically encountered by a person during active use of the shoe. In some embodiments, the anti-slip stud can deflect from 2 degrees to 20 degrees, in some embodiments from 5 degrees to 20 degrees, and in some embodiments from 12 degrees plus or minus 3 degrees.

[0125] It can be understood from the aforementioned publicly available information that Figures 1-9 All variations are based on studs or anti-slip studs attached to supports connected to the sole unit. On the side of the sole plate opposite the ground-facing side, or within the sole plate, the anti-slip stud and / or its receiving portion has a pivoting (widely used to refer to pivoting, rotation, or otherwise allowing relative rotation between articles) end, such that the anti-slip stud is deflected or deformed relative to the ground-facing surface of the sole using complementary, curved, and preferably low-friction support surfaces. On the ground-facing side of the sole, the base of the anti-slip stud may also pivot or deform using similar complementary curved support surfaces or via deformable elements integrated into the base of the anti-slip stud and / or the adjacent area of ​​the sole plate (or another sole surface). In other embodiments, the base of the anti-slip stud is not centered at a fixed point but can be displaced; for example, the entire anti-slip stud remains perpendicular to the sole but moves laterally away from the center point under the action of lateral forces.

[0126] Figures 10-19 Additional embodiments of deflectable or deformable anti-slip studs according to the subject matter of the present invention are shown. Figure 10An adjustable anti-slip stud or spike system 10 is shown on the sole unit 3. Each system includes an anti-slip stud body 512 and one or more associated support portions 513 disposed on the vertical side portion of the anti-slip stud body 512 extending to the bottom of the sole unit. One or more supports on the anti-slip stud body are modifiable, resulting in fewer supports and thus allowing the associated anti-slip stud body to deflect or deform more easily.

[0127] As in various other embodiments, the anti-slip stud body may have a tapered shape, which in this example is a truncated cone shape. The base portion 515 of the support may or may not be connected to the sole unit, but in any case, at least before modification, the base portion 515 of the support will be firmly pressed against the sole unit to provide support.

[0128] In the illustrated embodiment, the anti-slip stud system is disposed in the forefoot-midfoot portion of the footwear; however, in other embodiments, the anti-slip stud system may be disposed in any one or more of the forefoot, midfoot, and / or heel portions of the sole unit (as is generally the case for any other embodiment disclosed herein). Generally, the anti-slip stud has adjustable deflectability by reducing the support of one or more supports. The directionality of the deflection can be adjusted by the user's choice of which supports to modify.

[0129] In one possible embodiment, the anti-slip stud body 512 is made of a material less rigid than conventional hard plastic anti-slip studs, such that the anti-slip stud body 512 will have a certain degree of deflectability in the absence of a support. For example, the body can be a plastic or elastomer with a hardness near any point in the range of Asker 40A to Asker 90A (soft rubber to very hard plastic) or nearby. The support is a relatively more rigid material, such as a thermoplastic with a hardness of Asker 40A to Asker 55D. Therefore, the relatively higher rigidity of the support limits the deflectability of the body portion. In other embodiments, the anti-slip stud body and / or support does not need to be made of thermoplastic. For example, the anti-slip stud body can be metal or other rigid structures that can be deflected by an elastomer system, as described above for... Figures 1-9 As described in the embodiments.

[0130] In the illustrated embodiment, the support is a fin-like element that physically spans between the stud body and the sole plate to support the stud body. The fins may be positioned along the entire length or partially along the length of the stud body. The stud body may have a length of 4 mm to 10 mm (or any range therearound), and the fins may have a web thickness of 1 mm to 3 mm (or any range therearound). As shown, the fins have a triangular shape that tapers downwards from the base of the sole unit toward the head of the stud body. Other geometries are also possible, such as straight or curved shapes. The support can not only allow for adjustable deflection or deformation of the stud body, but can also be a traction feature that penetrates the ground or otherwise engages with the ground.

[0131] In addition to the integral anti-slip stud / support structure, the support can be removed from the anti-slip stud body. For example, the body may have a slot for engaging one side of the fin-shaped support. In other embodiments, the connection may be made with screws or other known fastening systems. By making the supports removable, they can be replaced to provide the user with more adjustment options as needed to adapt to changing conditions or environments. Similar advantages are achieved by making the entire anti-slip stud system 10 removable and replaceable.

[0132] The anti-slip stud system can be integral with the sole unit, for example, co-molded but with different stiffness to provide the indicated function. Alternatively, the anti-slip stud system can be a separate item integrated with the sole unit, for example, using a threaded support system, as is commonly known.

[0133] Any given support may have one or more scribing lines 517, wherein the support may be divided into multiple parts such that one part can move freely relative to another part.

[0134] Supports can be placed anywhere around the anti-slip stud body to restrict the body's deflection toward the support. In the illustrated embodiment, there are four supports, each at a 90-degree angle to the next support. Therefore, the anti-slip stud body is restricted to 360-degree deflection. Typically, observing any anti-slip stud system 10, there is a pair of opposing distal-proximal supports that restrict forward and backward deflection along approximately the longitudinal line of the sole unit, and a second pair of opposing outer-inner supports that restrict longitudinal movement of the anti-slip stud body. However, it can be seen that the opposing support pairs for a given anti-slip stud system can have alignment transverse to the longitudinal and lateral axes of the sole unit. Although the illustrated embodiment shows four evenly spaced supports around the anti-slip stud body, more or fewer supports can be used. For example, to adjust lateral deflection, only a single support needs to be placed on the outer or inner side of the anti-slip stud body.

[0135] The adjustability of a stud system can be achieved by modifying one or more notches on one or more supports to create cut-off areas that weaken or eliminate the support's support. Notches can be physical features, such as notches, grooves, or a set of recesses or perforations in the surface of the support, creating weakened sections that facilitate cutting or otherwise separating the support into one or more parts. Separation lines can be linear, curved, or another non-linear path. For example, Figure 10A This is a separate view of the anti-slip stud system 10. The scoring lines 517 can be cut by the user (as indicated by the scissors icon) or otherwise severed to separate the support body 513 into an upper portion 513A and a lower portion 513B. One advantage of providing scoring lines on the side of the support body is that the head portion of the anti-slip stud body remains structurally intact for engagement with the ground. Furthermore, by providing scoring lines contained within the support body and not extending into the body of the anti-slip stud, the body of the anti-slip stud remains intact and is not unduly weakened. (However, this does not mean that scoring lines cannot or should not be used in the anti-slip stud body).

[0136] In addition to physical markings on the surface of the support, markings can also be visual markers, such as printed lines on the surface of the support that indicate where the user can create cuts.

[0137] Multiple notches can be provided on a given support to allow for different user choices and effects. For example, higher or shallower notches can be provided to allow limited deflection, or lower or deeper notches can be provided to allow more or no deflection at all. Users can adjust the footwear not only by selecting the anti-slip stud system to be modified, but also by selecting which of one or more notches on a given anti-slip stud system to cut or the depth of the cut.

[0138] In some embodiments, the stud system is rotatable, allowing the supports to be oriented in any direction. One advantage of this is that it eliminates the need for multiple supports with scoring lines on a given stud body. For example, the stud body may have four spaced-apart supports, and only one or two supports need to each have scoring lines to provide lateral or outside-in deflection.

[0139] Not only can lateral deflection be adjusted, but vertical (longitudinal) deflection can also be provided by cutting away or otherwise removing the support from around the head or tip area of ​​the stud body to expose it. The degree of vertical deflection can be controlled by varying how much of the head portion of the stud body is without support, thus not limiting the vertical deflectability of the stud body. The stud position can also be changed to create a custom profile.

[0140] Certain orientations of deflectable or deformable cleats can result in better or more appropriate traction for a particular activity or sport. For example, in baseball or golf, it might be desirable for the cleats to deform in a side-to-side (inside / outside) or rotational manner to aid in the twisting motion of the foot during impact / hitting / swing. In soccer, certain skill positions may require delayed traction for side-to-side movement (cutting), while longitudinal movement requires a more direct transfer of power.

[0141] Figure 11 Another embodiment of a deflectable or deformable anti-slip stud system is shown, which has a plurality of anti-slip stud systems 10 disposed on the sole plate 22 of the sole unit 3. In this embodiment, the anti-slip stud system includes an anti-slip stud 12 having a head portion 114 and a base portion 115. The base portion attaches the anti-slip stud to the sole plate or other sole unit structure. The head portion 114 is typically a rigid material adapted to engage the ground to provide traction and some penetration into hard surfaces, like conventional anti-slip studs and cleats. For example, it can be a thermoplastic or robust elastomer material. The base portion is an elastomer material capable of lateral deflection under the higher loads typically encountered in sports or outdoor use.

[0142] At least the base portion 115 has an elongated or rectangular profile that allows for anisotropic deformation under lateral loads. Given its elongated profile, the anti-slip stud system 10 will deflect more easily along its lateral axis, as it is narrower than its longitudinal axis. In the illustrated embodiment, the elongated structure is hexagonal. The head portion is also in the form of a hexagon concentric with the bottom of the base portion.

[0143] Figures 11A-11B The cross-section of the anti-slip stud system 10 when it is not under load is shown, while Figure 11C It shows Figure 11B Cross-section under lateral load (force applied through the lateral axis of the stud system, i.e., orthogonal to the long wall). It can be seen that the stud system deflects in the direction of the applied load. A similar load applied through the longitudinal axis of the stud system would be relatively more resistant to deflection. (In all such views in the figures, unless otherwise stated, it is assumed that the stud head is under a vertical load, such as that of a person wearing shoes with a stud system).

[0144] The base portion 115 of the anti-slip stud may include a core region 34 of elastomeric material having an accordion-like structure that can elastically stretch beyond its compaction height, thereby allowing a greater range of deflection. The accordion structure represents a rigid rope that is initially slack and, at a predetermined deflection limit (i.e., when the slack is tightened), restricts the movement of the anti-slip stud.

[0145] Figure 12 Another possible embodiment of a deflectable or deformable anti-slip stud system is shown, which has a plurality of anti-slip stud systems 10 disposed on a sole plate 22 of a sole unit 3. In this embodiment, the anti-slip stud system includes an anti-slip stud 12 having a head portion 214, a base portion 215, and a support portion 216. The head portion is essentially a cap. The base portion disposed below the head portion defines a cavity comprising an elastomer or other compressible material 826. The base portion is configured to allow movement on the sole plate. A support or other anchor 216 attached to the sole plate extends from the sole plate into the compressible material. The anchor has a flared or flanged top portion 218. The anti-slip stud is held on the anchor by being embedded in and encapsulated within the anti-slip stud system 10 by the material 826. The flared portion increases the contact surface area for better embedding. The anti-slip stud includes an abutment 36 that projectes horizontally into the cavity of the base segment to help retain the material 826. Although the illustrated embodiment shows an elastomeric structure surrounding all sides of the anchor, in other embodiments, the elastomeric structure may be placed on selected sides, or the elastomeric structure may be placed in multiple segments in a spaced-out manner.

[0146] As shown in the figure, the anti-slip stud system 10 in this embodiment is an elongated, arc-shaped element that naturally has convex and concave sides. Some are arranged in the forefoot portion of the sole unit, with the concave sides facing inward and defining a radial (circular) path in a generally end-to-end (but spaced) pattern. Not all anti-slip studs are on this path. It can be seen that one anti-slip stud system is on the outer and distal side of the path, while another anti-slip stud system is on the outer and proximal side of the path. All anti-slip stud systems are positioned and arranged to generally allow the user's foot to pivot around the center of the circular pattern, which is located at or near the center of the forefoot portion of the shoe.

[0147] Based on the arrangement of the anti-slip stud system 10 along a generally circular path, the anti-slip stud system 10 can rotate on the ground along a radial or arc-shaped path, such as... Figure 12 As indicated by the arrow in the image. See also Figure 12A (Anti-slip stud system in unloaded state) and Figure 12B (In a loaded stud system), based on the free play of the stud 12 on the anchor 216, the stud can deflect laterally in response to a lateral force applied to the long wall of the stud, such as... Figure 12B The force arrows shown indicate the displacement of the anti-slip stud 12 in the direction of the applied force. Once the force is removed, the compressible material applies a return force to return the anti-slip stud system to its original position. Figure 12A The state is not loaded.

[0148] Figure 13Another possible embodiment of a deflectable or deformable anti-slip stud system on the sole unit 3 is shown. In this embodiment, the sole plate 22 has a plurality of different anti-slip stud systems 10.1, 10.2, 10.3 disposed thereon. Each anti-slip stud system is typically removable, allowing the sole unit to be adjusted using anti-slip stud systems with different deflectability. In this embodiment, the anti-slip stud system has an anti-slip stud comprising one or more supports, similar to those shown above. Figure 10 The anti-slip studs 12.1, 12.2, and 12.3 described in the discussion are removable, based on a system similar to conventional anti-slip stud systems or threaded support systems as described above for other embodiments. In this case, the anti-slip studs are screwed onto supports 16 mounted on the sole plate 3. Figure 13A As shown, a slip stud (e.g., slip stud 12.1) may have fewer supports, or it may have no supports but be made of a less rigid material than another slip stud (e.g., slip stud 12.3) to provide a relative difference in deflectability or deformability. In other embodiments where the slip studs do not have supports, they may be made of different materials or have different structures or profiles that provide a relative difference in deflectability or deformability. Figure 13B Showing from Figure 13 A perspective view of a representative anti-slip stud system.

[0149] In some embodiments, both the anti-slip studs surrounding the post and the post itself are deflectable or deformable. The anti-slip studs are relatively more rigid to limit the movement of the post. However, the anti-slip studs typically bend along with the post. Different anti-slip studs have different effects on the post, for example, affecting stiffness or providing deflectability or deformation in a selected direction.

[0150] Figure 14 Another possible embodiment of a deflectable or deformable anti-slip stud system is shown, which has a plurality of anti-slip stud systems 10 disposed on a sole plate 22 of a sole unit 3. In this embodiment, a plurality of anti-slip studs 12 are connected to a deformable sole plate 22 configured to deform in multiple dimensions, such that the anti-slip studs on its surface are deflected laterally, longitudinally, and vertically (i.e., along any one of the XYZ axes). As shown, the anti-slip studs are arranged in a radial pattern around the forefoot portion of the sole unit, similar to... Figure 11 The anti-slip studs are arranged in the following embodiment. In this example, the anti-slip studs are not strictly curved, but have a similar shape. In this case, they are elbow-shaped, with a vertex on one side and an open angle on the other side.

[0151] The sole plate 22 includes a lower plate 38, an upper plate 40, and deformable support elements 42 operably interconnecting the lower and upper plates. Anti-slip studs 12 are provided on the lower plate 38. As shown, the plates are generally in parallel planes. The support elements are deformable or deflectable under force to allow the upper and lower plates to shift relative to each other in the net direction of the forces applied along the X, Y, and Z axes.

[0152] In the illustrated embodiment, the support element is a thin, elongated elastomer element arranged in a radial pattern, such as... Figure 14A As shown. They are arranged in a circular or radial pattern in the forefoot portion of the sole unit. Each has an end positioned at or near the edge of the forefoot portion, collectively defining the shape of the forefoot portion (the outline in the horizontal plane) and opposing edges extending toward the central region of the forefoot portion, wherein multiple of these support ends define a circular region 44 (again, as seen from the outline in the horizontal plane). In other words, each support radiates from the periphery of the circle toward the edge of the forefoot.

[0153] In many cases, it is appropriate to adjust the sole unit so that it pivots on or around the head of the first metatarsal bone. As shown in the figure, the circle is offset inward toward the forefoot portion of the shoe so that it corresponds to the head of the first metatarsal bone. The idea is to position the (virtual) center of the radial structure below the center of rotation at the forefoot. The center of rotation may or may not occur below the head of the first metatarsal bone. This radial arrangement adjusts the sole unit to allow radial movement of the lower plate relative to the upper plate while restricting lateral and longitudinal movement. It is worth noting that the clockwise and counterclockwise deformations may or may not be symmetrical.

[0154] Figure 14B It is along Figure 14A The cross-section shown is a section line. It shows the sole unit in an unloaded state. As shown, strut 42 is orthogonally positioned between the lower and upper plates. (The plates can be rigid or semi-rigid plate materials, as previously mentioned, such as thermoplastics).

[0155] Figure 14C It is shown in accordance with Figure 14 and Figure 14A The force arrow represents the load applied to the sole unit. As shown in the figure, under load, the strut shifts to a lateral orientation, and the upper plate (along with the foot compartment of the shoe) shifts laterally on the lower plate in the direction of the applied force.

[0156] The above is merely one possible implementation of the support rod and its dimensions and shape. Those skilled in the art will recognize from the teachings herein that many other configurations are possible, allowing for adjustment of the displacement of the lower and upper plates. For example, instead of operably interconnecting the plates with elongated elements, the plates can be operably interconnected by other geometries such as columns, pillars, spherical elements, or other discrete forms spaced apart between the plates. Furthermore, the elongated elements need not be linear; they can be curved or have other non-linear paths.

[0157] Figure 15 It shows something similar to Figure 14 An embodiment of the invention. In this example, instead of a strut, an elastomeric pad 142 is disposed between the lower plate 38 and the upper plate 40 of the sole plate 22, and operatively interconnects the lower and upper plates. The elastomeric pad is a generally planar structure that allows the plates to shift at least in the horizontal plane (X-axis, Y-axis) and is optionally compressible, thereby allowing vertical (Z-axis) shift. To allow radial movement of the lower plate relative to the upper plate, as in... Figure 14 In one embodiment, the sole unit 3 includes a pivot point 44. Pivoting is achieved by providing a pin element 46 spanning the plates 38, 40 and an intermediate elastomeric pad, thereby allowing plate 38 to pivot relative to plate 40. One end of the pin can be secured to one of the plates, while the other end can rotate freely in a hole in the other plate. For example, the upper end of the pin element 46 can be secured to the upper plate 40, while the upper end can freely reside in a hole in the lower plate 38. The pin may have flange structures at one or both ends to engage the surfaces of adjacent plates.

[0158] The elastomeric pad 142 can have a uniform thickness, or it can have a varying thickness. In the illustrated embodiment, its thickness gradually tapers downwards from the outer and inner edges of the forefoot portion. The thickness can also vary from the distal to the proximal end. For example, as seen, the distal end of the forefoot portion can be thinner than the proximal end.

[0159] Figures 14-15 The elastomeric pad shown extends along with the forefoot portion of the sole unit. However, in other embodiments, the pad may extend into the midfoot or forefoot. Alternatively, it may only partially cover the forefoot portion.

[0160] Furthermore, the liner can be a continuous or discontinuous structure. A continuous structure would be a sheet of material with an uninterrupted surface. A discontinuous structure would be a generally planar structure with holes or other perforations in its perimeter, such as a perforated structure or a web structure.

[0161] Furthermore, the elastomeric liner can have an uneven or rough surface. For example, the liner can have an undulating or other form, wherein, within the periphery of the liner, one of its two surfaces is higher or lower than the general base level at regular or irregular intervals. Figure 14 The support rod can also have variations in thickness and surface profile similar to the pad.

[0162] Figure 16 Another possible embodiment of a deflectable or deformable anti-slip stud system is shown, which has a plurality of anti-slip stud systems 10 disposed on a sole plate 22 of a sole unit 3. In this embodiment, a plurality of anti-slip studs 12 are connected to the sole plate 22, which is configured with anti-slip stud mounting areas 120 that are deformable at least in the vertical direction (Z-axis). The sole plate 22 is a system comprising (1) a lower plate 138 and (2) an upper plate 140, the lower plate 138 including an elastomeric region, the anti-slip stud mounting areas 120, and a relatively rigid region 121.

[0163] The combined operation of the plates creates a spring-like, spring-compression effect within the sole unit. Sufficient vertical or compressive force between the user's foot and the ground causes the plates to converge. The degree of convergence depends on the ground reaction force. Softer ground will generate and provide lower reaction force and less convergence, while harder ground will provide higher ground force and more convergence. Therefore, each stud can adapt to the properties of the surface it encounters and dissipate force more optimally than a conventional system with studs mounted on a rigid plate, which does not allow the stud to yield to varying ground surfaces alone. As explained in more detail below, the lower and upper plates have different rigidities, allowing one plate to elastically deform relative to the other under compressive load. The opposing surfaces of the plates are separated by one or more spacers that engage elastically deformable surfaces to deform under load. When the load is removed, the sole plate system dissipates the stored energy, allowing the sole plate to return to its original state.

[0164] See more details Figure 16 The exposed mounting area 120 of the sole unit, lower plate 138, can be made of a more flexible material than the surrounding area 121 of the lower plate 138. The idea is that anti-slip studs are attached to a flexible plate (film). When encountering a hard surface, the anti-slip studs will dent or retract.

[0165] The anti-slip studs 12 disposed on the installation area can be of a conventional type of robust plastic or elastomer suitable for engaging the ground and providing traction. However, unlike conventional anti-slip studs, the anti-slip stud of this embodiment according to the subject matter of the invention includes a channel 415 that receives a support post 416 disposed on the lower surface of the upper plate 140. The support post is slidable within the channel along the vertical (longitudinal) axis of the support post and the anti-slip stud. The support post and the channel are shown configured with a complementary tight fit. In this example, the support post and the channel have a cylindrical profile. Under compressive force, the support post moves downward into the channel. The channel has a closed end or other abutment surface to restrict the travel of the support post. In this case, the abutment surface is located at or near the end head of the anti-slip stud.

[0166] Figure 16A The shoe sole plate 22 is shown in an unloaded state. In this case, the spacer portion 48 of the upper plate 140 causes the upper plate 140 to be offset from the lower plate 138. The spacer may be a protruding area on the lower surface of the upper plate 140. Figure 16B The sole plate 22 is shown under load as indicated by the force arrow. Under sufficient load, the spacer 48 engages the top surface of the lower plate 138 and deforms it downwards. In this embodiment, the upper plate is a rigid or semi-rigid structure, and the lower plate is an elastic structure, at least in the stud mounting area (it can still have some supporting stiffness sufficient to limit deformation when the user is in a stationary position). The spacer can be formed of the same or different material as the typical upper plate material. The spacer has sufficient strength to deform the corresponding lower plate portion under sufficient forces (e.g., forces encountered in dynamic use).

[0167] according to Figures 14-16 According to the teachings of the embodiments, an elastomeric element may be disposed between the upper plate and the lower plate, and / or one or both of the sole plates may have an elastomeric portion at least in the anti-slip stud mounting area to allow adjustment of the displacement of the anti-slip stud disposed on the lower plate. Unlike earlier embodiments, any one or more anti-slip studs on such a plate or elastomeric portion will deflect or displace simultaneously with the movement of the lower plate or elastomeric portion.

[0168] U.S. Patent No. 6,516,540 describes elements for footwear that provide deformation under shear forces, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety for all purposes. These elements are specifically designed to deform in three dimensions. Thus, these elements can deform vertically (i.e., compressing perpendicular to the ground toward the foot) and horizontally (i.e., shearing or deforming in a plane parallel to the ground). In this way, these elements dissipate the energy of impacts to the foot while reducing force transmission in all three directions and reducing overall stress and strain on the wearer's foot, ankle, knee, back, and joints. However, the '540 patent does not teach or suggest the use of parallel upper and lower plates, or how to adapt its elements to footwear with anti-slip studs or spikes. Using the teachings herein, it will be understood how the structures and materials disclosed in the '540 patent can be adapted to the inventive subject matter disclosed herein.

[0169] Figure 17 Another possible embodiment of a deflectable or deformable anti-slip stud system on the sole unit 3 is shown. In this embodiment, the sole plate 22 has a plurality of anti-slip stud systems 10 disposed thereon. In this embodiment, each anti-slip stud 12 has a top portion and a base portion. The base portion is fixed to the sole plate 22. The top portion is segmented along a line substantially orthogonal to the surface of the sole plate. Each segment 12.1, 12.2, 12.3....12.x can therefore be laterally displaced under sufficient force. Any number of segments disposed on the base of the anti-slip stud can be present, from 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or more. The segments can be adjacent to each other, or the segments can be spaced apart but close enough that when the segments are under static load or light force, the segments collectively act like a single anti-slip stud structure. Under sufficient force, the segments can be displaced in the opposite direction of the applied force.

[0170] As shown in the figure, the anti-slip studs are arranged in a roughly radial pattern, and the studs can be arranged along a radial path and moved within that path, such as... Figure 17 As shown by the dashed lines in the diagram. To control the displacement direction of the segment, the segment can be positioned in a groove or slot that anisotropically controls the deflection direction and / or range. For example, Figure 17A A cross-section of the anti-slip stud 12 disposed in the groove 50 is shown. The length of the anti-slip stud 12 is less than the length of the groove. The groove has opposing sidewalls. A first sidewall 51 is disposed abutting against or adjacent to segment 12.1. Therefore, this segment is prevented from displacing in the direction of this sidewall, and so are the other segments, as they are compacted together. On the other hand, an opposing second sidewall 52 is spaced apart from the nearest end segment 12.x. Therefore, a gap exists between this segment and the sidewall, allowing segment 12.x and all other segments to displace toward this sidewall in response to a sufficient force in the opposite direction, such as... Figure 17B As shown by the arrows, the degree of displacement is controlled by the size of the gap. (As indicated by...) Figure 17B As shown, the sidewalls can be angled so that once segment 12.x is adjacent to sidewall 52, the segments stack neatly and parallel to each other without folding or knotting. The idea is to reduce traction after a certain torque is reached. Lower stud height and stud angle both contribute to reducing torque.

[0171] Figure 18 Another possible embodiment of a deflectable or deformable anti-slip stud system on the sole unit 3 is shown. In this embodiment, the sole plate 22 has a plurality of different anti-slip stud systems 12.1 and 12.2 disposed in the forefoot portion of the sole plate. One set of anti-slip studs is configured for pivoting about a point defined by the arrangement of the anti-slip studs, while another set of anti-slip studs is configured to avoid hindering the pivoting action. For example, three anti-slip studs 12.2 are evenly spaced and arranged about a selected pivot point 144, which in this example is configured to correspond to or be near the first metatarsal head. The anti-slip studs 12.2 are longer than the anti-slip studs 12.1. This arrangement facilitates contact with the ground through the anti-slip studs 12.2, where the shorter anti-slip studs 12.1 have reduced or no contact, allowing pivoting to occur about a pivot point defined by the radial arrangement of the anti-slip studs 12.2. The number of anti-slip studs defining the pivot point can be more than three, such as four, five, six, seven, eight, or more. They may have different shapes. For example, Figure 19 The radial pattern of the anti-slip studs on the sole unit 3 is shown. (Compared to...) Figure 18 Compared to the columnar anti-slip studs, the anti-slip stud 12 in this embodiment has an elongated arc shape.

[0172] Figure 19 Other aspects of the subject matter of the invention are also illustrated. An external radial pattern exists on the anti-slip stud 12.1. An internal radial pattern also exists on the sole unit 22 on the anti-slip stud 12.2, wherein a pivot point 144 is defined at the center of the internal pattern. The anti-slip stud 12.2 may be longer than the anti-slip stud 12.1.

[0173] Internal and external radial patterns, with or without differences in anti-slip stud lengths within the pattern, allow for radial movement, such as... Figure 19 and Figure 19A As shown by the longer force arrow, it simultaneously restricts lateral and longitudinal movement, as... Figure 19A The shorter force arrow indicates this. As shown, the curved anti-slip stud tapers gradually from top to bottom. Therefore, the narrower top 54 is configured for ground penetration. The curved anti-slip stud can also have tapered sidewalls 56 as shown, allowing it to more easily cut into and rotate through the ground.

[0174] As can be seen from the foregoing, the subject matter of this invention provides advantageous sole units and anti-slip stud systems for sports or other high-traction footwear, which can increase the performance and safety of the footwear in response to forces on it.

[0175] Those skilled in the art will recognize that many modifications and variations in the details, materials, arrangement, and behavior of the parts described and illustrated in order to explain the nature of the subject matter of this invention are possible, and such modifications and variations do not depart from the spirit and scope of the teachings and claims contained herein.

[0176] For all purposes, any patent and non-patent literature cited herein is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0177] As used herein, “and / or” means “and” or “or”, as well as “and” and “or”. Furthermore, any and all patent and non-patent literature cited herein is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference for all purposes.

[0178] The principles described above with respect to any particular example can be combined with the principles described with respect to any one or more other examples. Therefore, this detailed description should not be construed in a limiting sense, and those skilled in the art, upon reviewing this disclosure, will understand that various systems can be designed using the various concepts described herein. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that the exemplary embodiments disclosed herein can be adapted to various constructions without departing from the disclosed principles.

[0179] The prior description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to implement or use the disclosed innovations. Various modifications to those embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this disclosure. Therefore, the claimed invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is intended to be accorded the full scope consistent with the language of the claims, wherein reference to elements in the singular, such as by the use of the articles “a” or “an”, is not intended to mean “one and only one” (unless specifically stated so), but rather “one or more”.

[0180] All structural and functional equivalents of elements of the various embodiments described throughout this disclosure, as known or to be known by one of ordinary skill in the art, are intended to be covered by the features described and claimed herein. Furthermore, all content disclosed herein is not intended to be offered to the public, whether or not it is expressly recited in the claims. No claim element should be construed as a “means plus function” claim under U.S. patent law unless that element is expressly stated using the phrases “means for…” or “steps for…”.

[0181] The inventors reserve all rights to the subject matter disclosed herein, including the right to claim all rights within the scope and spirit of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A sole portion of a shoe having a plurality of cleat systems, the sole portion comprising: each cleat system having a cleat having a head portion for engaging the ground and a post portion extending from the head portion, the post portion having an end portion that engages a sole plate in the sole portion; a concave or convex receptacle in the sole plate, the cleat post portion including a segment having a complementary convex or concave shape that pivotably engages the concave or convex receptacle in response to a shear force; and one or more elastomeric elements included in the cleat system that engage the cleat head portion and / or the cleat post portion to control the degree of deformation or deflection that occurs in response to a lateral shear force and to return the cleat to a neutral position once the force is removed.

2. The sole portion of claim 1, wherein, the elastomeric elements are configured and / or disposed to directionally control the deformation or deflection of the cleat.

3. The sole portion of claim 2, wherein, the cleat system is configured to anisotropically allow deformation or deflection primarily toward one of the lateral or medial sides of the shoe in response to a predetermined size of shear force exerted on the cleat.

4. The sole portion of claim 1, further comprising a protrusion in the sole plate and a recess in the cleat head portion that pivotably engage under the shear force.

5. The sole portion of claim 4, wherein, the protrusion includes a channel through which the cleat passes and the channel defines a predetermined amount of travel of the cleat post portion.

6. The sole portion of claim 5, wherein, at least one elastomeric element is disposed in the channel that operably engages the cleat post portion and the protrusion to control the degree of deflection of deformation.

7. The sole portion of claim 1, wherein, the cleat post portion is disposed in a channel of the sole plate and the elastomeric element is disposed adjacent to the cleat post portion within the channel such that the elastomeric element operably engages the cleat post portion and the sole plate.

8. The sole portion of claim 7, wherein, the elastomeric element includes a ring disposed around the cleat post portion.

9. The sole portion of claim 1, wherein, the concave or convex receptacle is at least partially disposed in a channel of the sole and the elastomeric element is disposed adjacent to a portion of the concave or convex receptacle within the channel such that the elastomeric element operably engages the concave or convex receptacle and the sole plate.

10. The sole portion of claim 1, wherein, an operational interface is provided between the cleat head portion and the sole plate, one or both of the cleat head portion and the sole portion include an elastomeric element at the interface.

11. The sole portion of claim 10, wherein, the elastomeric element at the interface includes an elastomeric base portion of the cleat head portion.

12. The sole portion of claim 10, wherein, the elastomeric element at the interface includes an elastomeric base portion of the sole plate.

13. The sole portion of claim 1, wherein, the engagement of the segment having a complementary convex or concave shape with the concave or convex receptacle is on a side of the sole plate opposite a ground-facing surface of the sole plate.

14. An article of footwear having a cleat system, comprising: An upper configured to receive a wearer's foot, a sole unit coupled to the upper for engaging the ground, the sole unit having a plurality of cleats protruding from a ground-facing surface of the sole unit, each cleat being located in a cleat system, the cleat system comprising: the cleat having a head portion and a base portion, the cleat being coupled to a post having a first end fixedly or removably anchored to the cleat and a second end fixedly or removably anchored to a plate portion in the sole unit, the cleat being able to be laterally deflected by (i) pivoting of the second end of the post relative to the plate portion and (ii) pivoting and / or deformation action by the base portion of the cleat engaging the ground-facing surface of the sole unit; and wherein one or more elastomeric elements are included in the cleat system, the elastomeric elements engaging the cleat head portion and / or the post to control the degree of deformation or deflection that occurs in response to a lateral shear force and to restore the cleat to a neutral position once the force is removed. wherein the deflectability is facilitated by a complementary convex and concave engagement associated with the second end of the post and the plate portion.

15. The article of footwear of claim 14, wherein, The deflectability is facilitated by the complementary convex and concave pivoting associated with the post and a receptacle included in the plate portion.

16. The article of footwear of claim 14, wherein, The deflectability is facilitated by the complementary convex and concave pivoting associated with a receptacle included in the plate portion and a sidewall of the plate portion.

17. The article of footwear of claim 14, wherein, The deflectability is facilitated by the complementary convex and concave pivoting associated with the base portion of the cleat and the ground-facing surface of the sole unit.

18. The article of footwear of claim 14, wherein, The deflectability is facilitated by deformation of the base portion of the cleat and / or a mounting portion of the sole unit adjacent the base portion.

19. The article of footwear of claim 14, wherein, The complementary convex and concave engagement is located on a side of the sole unit opposite the ground-facing surface of the sole unit.

20. A method of manufacturing a sole plate, comprising: providing a cleat system including a cleat having a head portion for engaging the ground and a post or base portion extending from the head portion, the post or base portion having an end portion that engages a sole plate for a sole portion of a shoe; a concave or convex receptacle is located in the sole plate, the cleat post or base portion includes a segment having a complementary convex or concave shape that pivotably engages the concave or convex receptacle in response to a shear force; and providing one or more elastomeric elements in the cleat system, the elastomeric elements engaging the cleat head portion and / or the post to control the degree of deformation or deflection that occurs in response to a lateral shear force and to restore the cleat to a neutral position once the force is removed.

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