A method for reconstructing rows of small-section buildings by making full use of old buildings

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of construction measures for existing buildings, and discloses a method for reconstructing rows of small-section buildings that fully utilizes old buildings. In the present invention, the door and window holes that need to be opened for the reconstruction of old buildings are gathered together to form vertical strip-shaped construction holes with lintels and hidden columns, which does not affect the vertical bearing capacity and overcomes the interference caused by the exterior walls of the old buildings to the internal major renovation construction. After overcoming the interference, a new set of load-bearing walls can be implanted to carry the newly added floors, avoiding the problem of relying solely on the old load-bearing walls to carry the newly added load. Then, the previously non-interference columns are implanted and together with the frame beams, a stable three-dimensional beam-column grid is formed. After the construction on the exterior wall of the old building is completed, the previously non-interference columns are expanded horizontally outward to form plate-shaped composite columns. When overcoming the influence of the opening on the lateral force resistance of the old building, it will not interfere with the construction on the exterior wall of the building, and after the cantilevered corridors are installed on the plate-shaped composite columns, the old buildings can be connected without side effects. Finally, the excess vertical bearing capacity is fully utilized by the top board house.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of construction measures for existing buildings, and in particular to a method for reconstructing rows of small-section buildings by fully utilizing old buildings. Background Art

[0002] The fate of most old buildings is to be demolished to make way for the construction of new buildings, but there are some old buildings with special significance that need to be changed in use while retaining their original appearance, which requires in-depth renovation of the buildings.

[0003] Considering that the old building itself has been seriously aged, its structural strength has seriously declined, and its appearance has become very dilapidated. These problems are difficult to solve without deep transformation of the building itself. Therefore, the transformation of old buildings often needs to be carried out in the form of dismantling into parts and reassembling. During the dismantling process, the building parts can be tested separately and the parts that do not meet the strength standards or are seriously damaged can be replaced. The internal reinforcement treatment can be carried out or the internal layout of the building can be changed to adapt to the changes in the use of the building.

[0004] However, this renovation method is not applicable to some rows of small-section buildings. The biggest problem is that such rows of small-section buildings have higher requirements for stability (because if they are unstable, they will hit the adjacent buildings in the same row), and high requirements for rigidity. A large number of high-rigidity components such as shear walls are required, and several adjacent buildings are often connected together. At the same time, due to the small cross-section, the proportion of high-rigidity components in the building structure is high, and these high-rigidity components cannot be disassembled.

[0005] Due to the passage of time, the load-bearing structures of old buildings, including the load-bearing walls, have various defects, which are not only unreliable in terms of load bearing, but also unreliable in terms of waterproofing. Therefore, not only can the new load not be carried by the old load-bearing walls, but the old load-bearing walls also need to be repaired. Even if the strength of the old building itself meets the standards under the existing standards, there are many difficulties in its transformation. Since the conversion of the use of the building is bound to involve a major change in the building layout, it is inevitable to involve the demolition of the building's load-bearing components. Rows of small-section buildings are mostly closed buildings such as storage tanks. If they are converted to other uses, many additional door and window holes need to be opened on them. At the same time, huge construction holes need to be opened to prevent the load-bearing walls of the old buildings from blocking large-sized building components (beams, columns, steel sections, steel bars, plates, etc.) from entering and exiting the building. These holes seriously damage the original load-bearing system of the building, making its safety unable to meet the requirements. Among them, the most affected is the building's bearing capacity to resist horizontal loads (lateral forces) (because the bearing capacity of such buildings to resist vertical loads is often seriously excessive).

[0006] What is even more fatal is that these small-section buildings are not interconnected. They can be used to store supplies, but if they are converted into buildings for living, the independent rooms will affect normal use (for example, to reach the adjacent room, you need to go downstairs first and then go upstairs). The internal space of small-section buildings is relatively tight. If the buildings are connected and corridors are set up inside, the space shortage will be further aggravated and the maximum size of a single room in the building will be cut in half (originally, small-section buildings can use the entire building plane as a single room, but if corridors are set up inside the building, such a single room will be blocked by the corridor and cannot be bypassed, and it is impossible to reach other rooms without passing through this single room).

[0007] Take the Jinyu Xingfa Science Park project in the northern area of ​​Beijing Huairou Science City as an example. The project site is the Xingfa Cement Factory, which was built in the early 1990s and contributed a large amount of building materials to Beijing's urban construction. It is an important industrial heritage site. Therefore, the buildings there need to be transformed into research facilities of the nearby Beijing Yanqi Lake Institute of Applied Mathematics while retaining their appearance. A large number of cement silos need to be transformed into residential buildings for experts. These cement silos are arranged in rows, and each cement silo is a reinforced concrete cylinder. The area of ​​a single silo is not enough to meet the requirements of one household and needs to be connected. At the same time, due to the major changes involved in the renovation process, including the addition of new floor slabs, a large number of door and window holes and construction holes need to be opened on the cement silos, making their bearing capacity against horizontal loads not up to standard. Summary of the invention

[0008] The invention provides a method for reconstructing rows of small-section buildings by fully utilizing old buildings.

[0009] The technical problem to be solved is: during the reconstruction of a row of small-section buildings, their bearing capacity for horizontal loads does not meet the standards due to the opening of door and window holes and construction holes, and there are difficulties in the connectivity of the buildings.

[0010] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: a method for reconstructing rows of small-section buildings that fully utilize old buildings, which is used to connect rows of small-section buildings and construct new floors inside the buildings. The small-section buildings are old buildings whose cross-sectional area cannot meet the living needs of a household, and the outer walls of the old buildings are load-bearing walls. The reconstruction method comprises the following steps:

[0011] Step 1: Expand the foundation of the old building to form a raft foundation that can support the new components;

[0012] Step 2: Install pre-interference-free columns evenly distributed in a matrix shape in each old building and fixedly connected to the outer walls of the old building respectively, and then install frame beams between the pre-interference-free columns;

[0013] The prior non-interference column is located in the exterior wall of the old building or in the old building;

[0014] The frame beams are arranged in multiple layers between adjacent pre-interference-free columns, and are fixedly connected to the pre-interference-free columns to form a long strip-shaped three-dimensional beam-column grid extending along the arrangement direction of the old buildings;

[0015] Step 3: Slot the exterior wall of the old building to construct the hidden columns on both sides of the cross-layer door and window holes and the top lintel. The two ends of the lintel fall on the hidden columns. The cross-layer door and window holes are rectangular holes that meet the following conditions:

[0016] Condition 3.1: Set up on the unobstructed side of the old building;

[0017] Condition 3.2: The top is higher than the highest new floor slab, and the gap between the top and the highest new floor slab can accommodate at least one door and one window; the bottom is lower than the lowest new floor slab, and the gap between the bottom and the lowest new floor slab can accommodate at least one concrete pump pipe;

[0018] Condition 3.3: Each old building has at least one cross-story door and window opening located on the same side of the row of old buildings;

[0019] Step 4: Cut out cross-layer door and window holes on the exterior wall of the old building;

[0020] Step 5: construct the later anti-torsion columns next to the earlier non-interference columns, the later anti-torsion columns are fixedly connected with the earlier non-interference columns to form a plate-like composite column whose long side of the cross section is perpendicular to the arrangement direction of the rows of old buildings, and then install a temporary construction corridor cantilevered from the plate-like composite column, and each old building has at least one cross-story door and window opening leading to the temporary construction corridor;

[0021] Step 6: Chisel the inner wall of the old building's exterior wall; then construct a new reliable layer next to the exterior wall. The new reliable layer is a load-bearing wall that meets the following conditions:

[0022] Condition 6.1: Fixedly connected to the exterior wall of the old building;

[0023] Condition 6.2: An interface is reserved for installing the new floor slab;

[0024] Condition 6.3: Can be stable without the existing exterior wall of the old building;

[0025] Condition 6.4: Waterproof;

[0026] Step 7: Install the new floor slabs on the new reliable layer layer by layer from bottom to top;

[0027] Step 8: Install a top plate house on the top of the old building to fully utilize the excess vertical bearing capacity, wherein the top plate house is a steel structure plate house;

[0028] Step 9: Install doors and windows in the cross-layer door and window openings, and then install the ceiling and glass curtain wall with openable glass windows on the temporary construction corridor to form a closed and light-transmitting corridor;

[0029] The three-dimensional beam-column grid groups and connects the old buildings together, and each group of old buildings is recorded as a building group; the building group is divided by the anti-extra-length seams opened on the frame beams, cantilevered corridors and top board houses, and the buildings between two adjacent anti-extra-length seams are not overlong.

[0030] Furthermore, the steel bars of the newly added floor slab penetrate the newly added reliable layer and are implanted into the outer wall of the old building;

[0031] Step 6 includes the following sub-steps:

[0032] Step 6.1: Chisel the inner wall of the old building's exterior wall;

[0033] Step 6.2: implanting the reinforcement of the newly added floor slab on the inner wall surface of the outer wall of the old building, wherein the reinforcement passes through the newly added reliable layer and extends to the interior of the old building;

[0034] Step 6.3: Tie up the steel cage of the newly added reliable layer, and install embedded parts for connecting with the beams of the newly added floor below the position of the newly added floor, wherein the beams of the newly added floor are connected to each other in a grid shape;

[0035] Step 6.4: Pour the concrete of the newly added reliable layer, and reserve a groove with a rough inner surface at the location of the newly added floor slab during pouring;

[0036] Step 7 The construction process of each new floor slab is as follows:

[0037] Install the beams of the new floor slab - tie the reinforcement cage of the new floor slab and fix it with the reinforcement in step 6.2 - pour concrete.

[0038] Furthermore, the newly added reliable layer is a reinforced concrete shear wall, and a ring beam is protruded outward from the bottom of the newly added floor to support the edge of the newly added floor. Continuous steel bars or steel sections are arranged in the ring beam and the edge of the new floor, which surround the entire old building.

[0039] Furthermore, in the cross-layer door and window openings, all doors and windows are arranged in the vertical direction; and in the doors and windows on the same floor, from top to bottom, there are shutters for ventilation, glass windows for lighting, and doors for passage.

[0040] Furthermore, before the construction of step three, the defects of the concrete on the outer wall surface of the old building are checked and repaired; among them, the cracks are repaired by grouting, and the defects other than the cracks are repaired by chiseling the defective parts to form V-shaped grooves and then filling them with new concrete.

[0041] Furthermore, at least one layer of exterior wall of the bottom floor of the old building is completely demolished, and in the demolished floor, a glass curtain wall is arranged between adjacent plate-like composite columns, and the glass curtain wall and the plate-like composite columns enclose a glass corridor;

[0042] The plate-like composite columns are arranged in two rows on both sides of the old building, and the parts of the plate-like composite columns extending outside the building serve as decorative lines of the building.

[0043] Furthermore, the cross-section of the old building is cylindrical, and six plate-like composite columns are arranged in each old building. The six plate-like composite columns are arranged in two rows on both sides of the building. Among the three plate-like composite columns in the same row, the plate-like composite column located in the middle extends horizontally outward from the building, and the length extending outside the building is shorter than that of the other two.

[0044] Furthermore, at the position where the plate-like composite column merges with the load-bearing wall of the old building, the main reinforcement of the early non-interference column and the later anti-torsion column intersects with the main reinforcement of the load-bearing wall exposed after chiseling.

[0045] Furthermore, both the early non-interference column and the later anti-torsion column are equipped with complete steel cages, the stirrups of the later anti-torsion column extend outward and are anchored in the concrete of the early non-interference column and cross the main reinforcement of the early non-interference column, and the concrete of the later anti-torsion column extends outward and wraps around the early non-interference column.

[0046] Furthermore, the anti-extra-long seam on the cantilever corridor is filled with fiber material, rubber or foam plastic, and the surface of the anti-extra-long seam is blocked by a decorative panel. The decorative panel is fixedly connected to one side of the anti-extra-long seam and has no connection with the other side of the anti-extra-long seam.

[0047] Compared with the prior art, the method for reconstructing rows of small-section buildings by fully utilizing old buildings has the following beneficial effects:

[0048] In the present invention, by gathering all the door and window holes needed for the reconstruction of the old building together, vertical strip-shaped cross-layer door and window holes are formed as construction holes (such holes allow various large-sized beams / slabs / columns to enter, and the pump pipe for pouring concrete inside can also slide up and down along the hole to any position), the construction holes required for the construction of each floor are provided while minimizing the damage to the bearing capacity of the outer wall of the old building, and a small number of lintels and hidden columns can be used to overcome the influence of the opening on the vertical bearing capacity, thereby overcoming the interference of the outer wall of the old building on the internal major reconstruction construction; by constructing a new reliable layer close to the outer wall of the old building as a new load-bearing wall, the new reliable layer can reliably bear the newly added floor slab, and has an interface that can be reliably connected to the newly added floor slab, and also pulls the old load-bearing wall to prevent it from collapsing, and at the same time, the old load-bearing wall does not need to be renovated with a waterproof structure;

[0049] In the present invention, by implanting pre-interference-free columns in the outer wall of the old building and forming a stable three-dimensional beam-column grid together with the frame beams, after the construction on the outer wall of the old building is completed, the pre-interference-free columns are horizontally expanded outward to form plate-shaped composite columns. The plate-shaped composite columns are equivalent to shear walls with increased thickness and denser stirrups, which greatly enhance the bearing capacity of the old building against lateral forces. While overcoming the influence of the opening on the lateral force resistance of the old building, it will not interfere with the construction on the outer wall of the building, and also has a decorative effect similar to decorative lines in appearance.

[0050] At the same time, the plate-like composite columns and the frame beams together form a long three-dimensional beam-column grid, and a part of the plate-like composite columns is located outside the building, so that the cantilevered corridors can be easily installed on the plate-like composite columns, thereby connecting the old buildings without destroying the connection structure between the old buildings, reducing the number of openings (the holes leading to the cantilevered corridors can be used for ventilation and lighting, thereby reducing the number of holes used for ventilation and lighting) and without occupying the internal space of the old buildings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0051] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the installation method of plate-shaped composite columns, frame beams, and cantilever corridors;

[0052] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the old building;

[0053] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the building's exterior facade after reconstruction;

[0054] In the figure, 1-old building, 2-plate-shaped composite column, 21-early non-interference column, 22-later torsion-resistant column, 3-frame beam, 4-cantilevered corridor, 5-anti-excessive long seam, 6-cross-layer door and window openings, 7-lintel, 8-newly added reliable floor, 9-top board house. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] Take the cement silo of the Jinyuxingfa Science Park project in the northern area of ​​Huairou Science City, Beijing, as an example. Figure 1-3 As shown, a reconstruction method for rows of small-section buildings that fully utilizes old buildings is used to connect the rows of small-section buildings and construct new floor slabs inside the buildings. The small-section buildings are old buildings 1 whose cross-sectional area cannot be met (generally less than 80 square meters) (if the cross-sectional area of ​​the old buildings 1 is large enough, the need for interconnection will be small), and the outer walls of the old buildings 1 are load-bearing walls.

[0056] The reconstruction process in the present invention has to achieve four conflicting goals, namely, adding doors and windows, adding new floors, connecting old buildings 1, and meeting the horizontal and vertical bearing capacity standards. The mutual influences are as follows:

[0057] Adding doors and windows: seriously affects the horizontal and vertical bearing capacity;

[0058] Adding new floors: adding new vertical loads and being interfered by the exterior wall of the old building 1;

[0059] Connecting old buildings 1: seriously affecting the horizontal and vertical bearing capacity, and affecting the layout of new floors;

[0060] Both horizontal and vertical bearing capacities meet the standards: the reinforcement components interfere with the construction of the above three aspects.

[0061] The solution ideas in the present invention are as follows:

[0062] Increase doors and windows: concentrate the door and window openings into long vertical strip-shaped cross-layer door and window openings 6 to minimize the impact on the vertical bearing capacity, and use lintels 7 and hidden columns to make up for the vertical bearing capacity; the impact on the horizontal bearing capacity is solved by the subsequent plate-shaped composite columns 2 and frame beams 3;

[0063] Adding a new floor: Since the door and window openings are integrated into long vertical strips, it is possible to build a new load-bearing wall on the inside close to the exterior wall of the old building 1. The added vertical load is borne by the new load-bearing wall. At the same time, the interference caused by the exterior wall during construction is also solved by the cross-layer door and window openings 6;

[0064] Connecting old buildings 1: Setting the connecting structure outside the building instead of inside, and hanging it on the newly added reinforcement components instead of relying on the old building 1 for support;

[0065] Both horizontal and vertical bearing capacities meet the standards: the shear wall used for reinforcement changes its internal structure and is disassembled into two self-sustaining columns, which are constructed successively. The non-interfering column 21 is constructed first, and the construction content that will be interfered with is sandwiched between the construction process of the two columns.

[0066] Finally, the sequence of each construction step is fine-tuned to ensure that the dependencies of each structure are met and the transformation of the main body is completed. After the transformation is completed, the vertical bearing capacity will be excessive. At this time, a steel structure top plate house 9 is added on the top of the old building 1. The top plate house 9 is not a rigid structure and does not affect the horizontal bearing capacity. At the same time, the vertical bearing capacity is fully utilized.

[0067] The specific reconstruction method includes the following steps:

[0068] Step 1: Expand the foundation of the old building 1 to form a raft foundation capable of supporting the newly added components;

[0069] Step 2: Installing pre-interference-free columns 21 evenly distributed in a matrix shape and respectively fixedly connected to the outer walls of the old building 1 in each old building 1, and then installing frame beams 3 between the pre-interference-free columns 21;

[0070] The early non-interference columns 21 and the subsequent late anti-torsion columns 22 do not need to extend to the top of the old building 1, but only need to meet the strength requirements and reach all floors that need corridors. The early non-interference columns 21 are constructed first and need to support structures such as frame beams 3, so it is necessary to ensure that it is connected to the old building 1 as a whole and forms a complete grid with the frame beams 3 therein. Some frame beams 3 in this embodiment also serve as beams supporting the newly added floor slabs.

[0071] The prior non-interference column 21 is located in the outer wall of the old building 1 or in the old building 1;

[0072] The frame beams 3 are arranged in multiple layers between adjacent pre-interference-free columns 21, and are fixedly connected to the pre-interference-free columns 21 to form a long strip-shaped three-dimensional beam-column grid extending along the arrangement direction of the old building 1;

[0073] Step 3: Grooves are made on the outer wall of the old building 1 to construct concealed columns on both sides of the cross-layer door and window openings 6 and the top lintel 7, with both ends of the lintel 7 falling on the concealed columns.

[0074] That is to say, the construction of the hidden column and the lintel 7 is completed before the opening, and the hidden column is constructed first, and then the lintel 7 is constructed. While compensating for the adverse effect of the opening on the vertical bearing capacity of the old building 1, the construction safety is guaranteed. Here, when the groove is opened, a part of the horizontal steel bars in the groove can be retained for connection with the horizontal steel bars of the hidden column and the lintel 7 to increase the strength. The specific method is to leave a part of the under-excavated wall on the left and right sides of the groove when the groove is opened, and then chisel out the concrete in the under-excavated wall.

[0075] The cross-layer door and window opening 6 is a rectangular hole that meets the following conditions:

[0076] Condition 3.1: Set on the unobstructed side of the old building 1;

[0077] This condition is to meet the needs of transporting building materials into the building along the cross-layer door and window openings 6 during the building reconstruction process and the ventilation and lighting needs of the reconstructed building. If there are obstructions, it will affect the hoisting and ventilation and lighting.

[0078] Condition 3.2: The top is higher than the highest new floor slab, and the gap between the top and the highest new floor slab can accommodate at least one door and one window; the bottom is lower than the lowest new floor slab, and the gap between the bottom and the lowest new floor slab can accommodate at least one concrete pump pipe;

[0079] That is to say, the cross-layer door and window hole 6 in the present application is a very long strip-shaped hole, which can not only take into account the construction of all floors, but also various large beams / columns / slabs can be directly hoisted in, including the composite slabs and templates used in the concrete pouring process. At the same time, the concrete pump pipe can slide up and down along the cross-layer door and window hole 6 to various positions on the floor. In addition to the convenience of construction, this structure also causes minimal damage to the old building 1, there is no danger during the hole opening process, and only a small number of hidden columns and lintels 7 are needed to complete the reinforcement.

[0080] At the same time, this structure has advantages in appearance. Compared with the existing door and window layout, this layout of doors and windows is more beautiful. Its beauty and comfort have been recognized by the experts and professors of the Beijing Yanqi Lake Institute of Applied Mathematics who have stayed there.

[0081] Condition 3.3: Each old building 1 has at least one cross-story door and window opening 6 located on the same side of the row of old buildings 1;

[0082] This condition is to ensure that the cantilevered gallery 4 can be used normally.

[0083] Step 4: cutting out cross-layer door and window holes 6 on the exterior wall of the old building 1;

[0084] Here, a water saw is used to cut the door and window holes, which makes the holes regular and convenient for the subsequent installation of doors and windows, while avoiding additional damage to the walls of the old building 1.

[0085] Step 5: construct the later anti-torsion columns 22 next to the earlier non-interference columns 21, the later anti-torsion columns 22 are fixedly connected with the earlier non-interference columns 21 as a whole, forming a plate-like composite column 2 whose long side of the cross section is perpendicular to the arrangement direction of the rows of old buildings 1, and then install a temporary construction corridor cantilevered outward from the plate-like composite column 2, and each old building 1 has at least one cross-layer door and window hole 6 leading to the temporary construction corridor;

[0086] The plate-shaped composite column 2 is similar to a thickened shear wall with denser internal stirrups, and the long side of the cross section is located in the torsion direction.

[0087] If the old buildings 1 are arranged in a row, it will be difficult to connect them, and there will be a need for material / personnel exchange between different old buildings 1 during the construction process. Therefore, a temporary construction corridor is chosen to be cantilevered here. The cantilevering can avoid interference with the ground, does not impose additional loads on the old buildings 1, and does not affect the interior of the building. At the same time, it meets the needs of material / personnel exchange between different old buildings 1 during construction and the needs of connecting different old buildings 1 after construction.

[0088] Step 6: Chisel the inner wall of the exterior wall of the old building 1; then construct a new reliable layer 8 close to the exterior wall. The new reliable layer 8 is a load-bearing wall that meets the following conditions:

[0089] Condition 6.1: Fixedly connected to the outer wall of the old building 1;

[0090] The purpose here is to hold the outer wall of the old building 1 so that it does not collapse after the hole is opened.

[0091] Condition 6.2: An interface is reserved for installing the new floor slab;

[0092] The interfaces here refer to the embedded parts used to install beams, the rebars used to connect the floor slabs, and the rough surfaces and grooves used to connect to the concrete of the floor slabs.

[0093] Even if the outer wall of the old building 1 has a qualified bearing capacity, it is impossible to install the floor slab without large-scale demolition, and the demolition is horizontal, which is equivalent to directly interrupting the old building 1, which is completely unfeasible in terms of safety. Therefore, it is chosen here to install the new floor slab on the new reliable layer 8.

[0094] Condition 6.3: Can be stable without the existence of the exterior wall of the old building 1;

[0095] That is to say, the outer wall of the old building 1 does not bear the newly added building components, and the newly added reliable layer 8 can be separated from the outer wall of the old building 1 and stably bear the newly added floor slab thereon, and meet various requirements of building specifications.

[0096] Condition 6.4: Waterproof;

[0097] The waterproofing on the outer wall of the old building 1 is no longer reliable, and the leaking position is unknown, so the renovation cannot guarantee the effect. Here, the newly added reliable layer 8 is selected to be waterproof, so that no additional workload is required to ensure reliable waterproofing effect after the building reconstruction.

[0098] Step 7: Install the new floor slabs on the new reliable layer 8 layer by layer from bottom to top;

[0099] Step 8: Install a top board house 9 on the top of the old building 1 to fully utilize the excess vertical bearing capacity. The top board house 9 is a steel structure board house;

[0100] Step 9: Install doors and windows in the cross-layer door and window openings 6, and then install a ceiling and a glass curtain wall with openable glass windows on the temporary construction corridor to form a closed and light-transmitting cantilevered corridor 4;

[0101] Note that the cantilevered corridor 4 here is a common transparent glass corridor with openable windows, and is supported by steel beams cantilevered from the plate-like composite columns 2. The doors and windows of the old building 1 facing the cantilevered corridor 4 are connected to the cantilevered corridor 4 and are ventilated and lit, thereby reducing the number of holes required for ventilation and lighting (if it is a corridor set inside the building, the holes opened will not be able to play a role in ventilation and lighting). The additional corridor in this embodiment can complete the connection of the old buildings 1 without destroying the original connection structure between the old buildings 1, but because a large number of new connection structures are introduced, even if the original connection structure between the old buildings 1 is destroyed, it will not cause negative effects. In the subsequent decoration process, the original connection structure between the old buildings 1 is partially demolished.

[0102] The three-dimensional beam-column grid connects the old buildings 1 into groups, and each group of old buildings 1 is recorded as a building group; the building groups are divided by the anti-extra-long seams 5 opened on the frame beams 3, the cantilevered corridors 4 and the top board houses 9, and the buildings between two adjacent anti-extra-long seams 5 are not overlong.

[0103] Here, the old buildings 1 in the same building group can be connected at the tangent position. If they are originally connected, the anti-excessive length seam 5 is set at the position where they are not connected. Whether a building is too long is a clear concept, see the corresponding design standards for details. Generally, it is considered to be too long if it exceeds 50 meters.

[0104] The steel bars of the newly added floor slab penetrate the newly added reliable layer 8 and are implanted into the outer wall of the old building 1;

[0105] The operation of planting reinforcement can be carried out without damaging the exterior wall of the old building 1, which affects its strength, while improving the pull-out resistance of the rebar. If the rebar is not planted in the exterior wall of the old building 1, the rebar needs additional fixing measures to ensure that it does not tilt when the concrete of the newly added reliable layer 8 is poured. At the same time, considering that the newly added reliable layer 8 is relatively thin, additional structures need to be added to the rebar if the pull-out resistance is to meet the standard.

[0106] Step 6 includes the following sub-steps:

[0107] Step 6.1: Chisel the inner wall surface of the outer wall of the old building 1;

[0108] In order to ensure that the outer wall of the old building 1 is effectively connected with the newly added reliable layer 8, it is necessary not only to roughen the surface, but also to chisel away until the outer wall of the old building 1 exposes the steel bars, that is, to chisel away a layer of concrete protective layer. This layer of concrete mainly serves to protect the internal steel bars and is basically not subjected to stress, so it will not affect safety.

[0109] Step 6.2: implant the reinforcement of the newly added floor slab on the inner wall surface of the outer wall of the old building 1, and the reinforcement passes through the newly added reliable layer 8 and extends to the interior of the old building 1;

[0110] The steel bars of the newly added floor slabs need to be connected with the loose bars when binding.

[0111] Step 6.3: Tie up the steel cage of the newly added reliable layer 8, and install embedded parts for connecting with the beams of the newly added floor below the position of the newly added floor, and the beams of the newly added floor are connected to each other in a grid shape;

[0112] The embedded parts here can be the connecting plates needed for steel beams, or the rebars used for the construction of reinforced concrete columns. The beams here are connected in a grid shape to hold the exterior wall.

[0113] Step 6.4: pouring concrete of the newly added reliable layer 8, and reserving a groove with a rough inner surface at the location of the newly added floor slab during pouring;

[0114] Step 7 The construction process of each new floor slab is as follows:

[0115] Install the beams of the new floor slab - tie the reinforcement cage of the new floor slab and fix it with the reinforcement in step 6.2 - pour concrete.

[0116] The newly added reliable layer 8 is a reinforced concrete shear wall, and protrudes outward from the bottom of the newly added floor to form a ring beam for supporting the edge of the newly added floor. Continuous steel bars or steel sections are arranged in the ring beam and the edge of the newly added floor, which surround the entire old building 1.

[0117] This structure in the newly added reliable layer 8, in addition to improving the effect of the load-bearing floor, also has another function of making the newly added reliable layer 8 more continuous and complete, so that it can bear stress better like the lining of a tunnel.

[0118] In the cross-layer door and window openings 6, all doors and windows are arranged in the vertical direction; and among the doors and windows on the same floor, from top to bottom, there are shutters for ventilation, glass windows for lighting, and doors for passage.

[0119] This arrangement is to meet the needs of use. The blinds do not need to be opened or closed normally to meet the needs of the range hood and fresh air air conditioner, so they are set at the highest position. The door is set at the lowest position to ensure normal use. The glass window for lighting is set above the door and can be opened and closed with the help of an auxiliary handle.

[0120] Before the construction of step three, the defects of the concrete on the outer wall surface of the old building 1 are checked and repaired; cracks are repaired by grouting, and defects other than cracks are repaired by chiseling the defective parts to form V-shaped grooves and then filling with new concrete.

[0121] The purpose of repairing defects here is mainly to meet the requirements of appearance, and the impact on strength is only reflected in avoiding the impact of defects on the concrete on the exterior wall of the old building 1 on the connection with the newly added reliable layer 8. Of course, repairing defects here can also improve the strength of the exterior wall of the old building 1 to a certain extent, but this is not required here.

[0122] At least one layer of exterior wall of the ground floor of the old building 1 is completely demolished, and in the demolished floor, a glass curtain wall is arranged between adjacent plate-shaped composite columns 2, and the glass curtain wall and the plate-shaped composite columns 2 enclose a glass corridor;

[0123] In this way, the ground floor of the entire row of buildings is completely connected to form a long and wide indoor corridor, thereby providing a corridor leading to different locations of the building from the ground outside the cantilevered corridor 4.

[0124] The plate-like composite columns 2 are arranged in two rows on both sides of the old building 1, and the portions of the plate-like composite columns 2 extending outside the building serve as decorative lines of the building.

[0125] Sometimes some vertical aluminum profile decorative lines or cantilever column decorative lines are set on the exterior walls of buildings. Here, the length of the plate-like composite column 2 extending outward is adjusted so that the cantilevered surface of the plate-like composite column 2 is distributed according to a specific pattern, achieving an effect similar to decorative lines, thereby avoiding the newly added structure affecting the appearance of the building.

[0126] In this embodiment, the cross section of the old building 1 is cylindrical, and six plate-like composite columns 2 are arranged in each old building 1. The six plate-like composite columns 2 are arranged in two rows on both sides of the building. Among the three plate-like composite columns 2 in the same row, the plate-like composite column 2 located in the middle extends horizontally outward from the building, and the length extending out of the building is less than that of the other two. This arrangement makes the facades of the plate-like composite columns 2 protruding outwards staggered, and at the same time makes the pre-interference-free columns 21 merge with the old building 1 as much as possible.

[0127] At the fusion position of the plate-like composite column 2 and the load-bearing wall of the old building 1, the main reinforcement of the early non-interference column 21 and the later anti-torsion column 22 crosses with the main reinforcement of the load-bearing wall exposed after chiseling, thereby meeting the connection requirements.

[0128] Both the initial non-interference column 21 and the later anti-torsion column 22 are equipped with complete steel cages. The stirrups of the later anti-torsion column 22 extend outward and are anchored in the concrete of the initial non-interference column 21 and cross the main reinforcement of the initial non-interference column 21 . The concrete of the later anti-torsion column 22 extends outward and wraps around the initial non-interference column 21 .

[0129] This is done to ensure that the two parallel columns can be constructed one after another without cracking. Note that during the construction of the plate-shaped composite column 2, if there is a part that interferes with the load-bearing wall of the old building 1, the steel bars must not be broken during the chiseling process.

[0130] The anti-extra-long seam 5 on the cantilever 4 is filled with fiber material, rubber or foam plastic, and the surface of the anti-extra-long seam 5 is blocked by a decorative plate. The decorative plate is fixedly connected to one side of the anti-extra-long seam 5 and has no connection with the other side of the anti-extra-long seam 5.

[0131] The anti-overlength gap 5 is to prevent the building from being too long, but it is easy to cause items to fall at the location of the cantilevered corridor 4, so it is necessary to block the gap without transmitting force. In addition, the cantilevered corridor 4 also extends between the adjacent old buildings 1, filling the gap therein, expanding the activity area and eliminating the glass near the side of the building.

[0132] The embodiments described above are merely descriptions of preferred implementation modes of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for reconstructing rows of small-section buildings that fully utilize old buildings, for connecting rows of small-section buildings and constructing new floors inside the buildings, wherein the small-section buildings are old buildings (1) whose cross-sectional area cannot meet the living needs of a household, and the outer walls of the old buildings (1) are load-bearing walls, characterized in that: The reconstruction method comprises the following steps: Step 1: Expand the foundation of the old building (1) to form a raft foundation that can support the new components; Step 2: Installing pre-interference-free columns (21) evenly distributed in a matrix shape and respectively fixedly connected to the outer wall of the old building (1) in each old building (1), and then installing frame beams (3) between the pre-interference-free columns (21); The pre-interference-free column (21) is located in the outer wall of the old building (1) or in the old building (1); The frame beams (3) are arranged in multiple layers between adjacent pre-interference-free columns (21) and are fixedly connected to the pre-interference-free columns (21) to form a long strip-shaped three-dimensional beam-column grid extending along the arrangement direction of the old building (1); Step 3: Grooving is performed on the exterior wall of the old building (1) to construct concealed columns on both sides of the cross-layer door and window opening (6) and a lintel (7) on the top, with both ends of the lintel (7) falling on the concealed columns. The cross-layer door and window opening (6) is a rectangular hole that meets the following conditions: Condition 3.1: Set up on the unobstructed side of the old building (1); Condition 3.2: The top is higher than the highest new floor slab, and the gap between the top and the highest new floor slab can accommodate at least one door and one window; the bottom is lower than the lowest new floor slab, and the gap between the bottom and the lowest new floor slab can accommodate at least one concrete pump pipe; Condition 3.3: Each old building (1) has at least one cross-story door and window opening (6) located on the same side of the row of old buildings (1); Step 4: cutting out cross-layer door and window holes (6) on the exterior wall of the old building (1); Step 5: constructing later anti-torsion columns (22) against each of the earlier non-interference columns (21), wherein the later anti-torsion columns (22) are fixedly connected to the earlier non-interference columns (21) as a whole, forming a plate-like composite column (2) whose long side of the cross section is perpendicular to the arrangement direction of the rows of old buildings (1), and then installing a temporary construction corridor cantilevered outward from the plate-like composite column (2), wherein each old building (1) has at least one cross-story door and window opening (6) leading to the temporary construction corridor; Step 6: Chisel the inner wall surface of the outer wall of the old building (1); then construct a new reliable layer (8) close to the outer wall, wherein the new reliable layer (8) is a load-bearing wall that meets the following conditions: Condition 6.1: Fixedly connected to the exterior wall of the old building (1); Condition 6.2: An interface is reserved for installing the new floor slab; Condition 6.3: Can be stable without the existence of the exterior wall of the old building (1); Condition 6.4: Waterproof; Step 7: Install the new floor slabs on the new reliable layer (8) layer by layer from bottom to top; Step 8: Installing a top plate house (9) on the top of the old building (1) to fully utilize the excess vertical bearing capacity, wherein the top plate house (9) is a plate house with a steel structure; Step 9: Install doors and windows in the cross-layer door and window openings (6), and then install a ceiling and a glass curtain wall with openable glass windows on the temporary construction corridor to form a closed and light-transmitting cantilevered corridor (4); The three-dimensional beam-column grid groups the old buildings (1) into a whole, and each group of old buildings (1) is recorded as a building group; the building group is divided by the anti-excessive length seams (5) opened on the frame beams (3), the cantilevered corridors (4) and the top board house (9), and the buildings between two adjacent anti-excessive length seams (5) are not excessively long; At the fusion position of the plate-shaped composite column (2) and the load-bearing wall of the old building (1), the main reinforcement of the early non-interference column (21) and the later anti-torsion column (22) intersects with the main reinforcement of the load-bearing wall exposed after chiseling; The early non-interference column (21) and the later anti-torsion column (22) are both provided with complete steel cages, the stirrups of the later anti-torsion column (22) extend outwards and are anchored into the concrete of the early non-interference column (21) and cross the main reinforcement of the early non-interference column (21), and the concrete of the later anti-torsion column (22) extends outwards and wraps around the early non-interference column (21).

2. A method for renovating rows of small-section buildings that fully utilize old buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steel bars of the newly added floor slab penetrate the newly added reliable layer (8) and are implanted into the outer wall of the old building (1); Step 6 includes the following sub-steps: Step 6.1: Chisel the inner surface of the exterior wall of the old building (1); Step 6.2: implanting the reinforcement bars of the newly added floor slab on the inner wall surface of the outer wall of the old building (1), wherein the reinforcement bars pass through the newly added reliable layer (8) and extend into the interior of the old building (1); Step 6.3: Tie up the steel cage of the newly added reliable layer (8), and install embedded parts for connecting with the beams of the newly added floor below the position of the newly added floor, wherein the beams of the newly added floor are connected to each other in a grid shape; Step 6.4: pouring concrete for the newly added reliable layer (8), and during pouring, a groove with a rough inner surface is reserved at the location of the newly added floor slab; Step 7 The construction process of each new floor slab is as follows: Install the beams of the new floor slab - tie the reinforcement cage of the new floor slab and fix it with the reinforcement in step 6.2 - pour concrete.

3. A method for renovating rows of small-section buildings that fully utilize old buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The newly added reliable layer (8) is a reinforced concrete shear wall and protrudes outwards from the bottom of the newly added floor slab to form a ring beam for supporting the edge of the newly added floor slab. Continuous steel bars or steel sections are arranged in the ring beam and in the edge of the newly added floor slab, which surround the entire old building (1).

4. The method for renovating rows of small-section buildings by fully utilizing old buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the cross-floor door and window openings (6), all doors and windows are arranged in a vertical direction; and the doors and windows on the same floor are, from top to bottom, shutters for ventilation, glass windows for lighting, and doors for passage.

5. The method for renovating rows of small-section buildings by fully utilizing old buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before the construction of step 3, the defects of the concrete on the outer wall surface of the old building (1) are inspected and repaired; cracks are repaired by grouting, and defects other than cracks are repaired by chiseling the defective parts to form V-shaped grooves and then filling with new concrete.

6. The method for renovating rows of small-section buildings to fully utilize old buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: At least one layer of exterior wall of the ground floor of the old building (1) is completely removed, and a glass curtain wall is arranged between adjacent plate-shaped composite columns (2) on the removed floor, and the glass curtain wall and the plate-shaped composite columns (2) enclose a glass corridor; The plate-like composite columns (2) are arranged in two rows on both sides of the old building (1), and the portions of the plate-like composite columns (2) extending outside the building serve as decorative lines of the building.

7. A method for renovating rows of small-section buildings to fully utilize old buildings according to claim 6, characterized in that: The cross section of the old building (1) is cylindrical. Six plate-shaped composite columns (2) are arranged in each old building (1). The six plate-shaped composite columns (2) are arranged in two rows on both sides of the building. Among the three plate-shaped composite columns (2) in the same row, the plate-shaped composite column (2) located in the middle extends horizontally outward from the building, and the length extending outside the building is shorter than that of the other two.

8. The method for renovating rows of small-section buildings to fully utilize old buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anti-extra-long seam (5) on the cantilever porch (4) is filled with fiber material, rubber or foam plastic, and the surface of the anti-extra-long seam (5) is blocked by a decorative plate, and the decorative plate is fixedly connected to one side of the anti-extra-long seam (5) and has no connection with the other side of the anti-extra-long seam (5).

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