Method and system for measuring multi-directional load of bolt based on array longitudinal and transverse ultrasonic waves

Abstract

The application provides a bolt multi-directional load measurement method and system based on array longitudinal and transverse ultrasonic waves, and the method comprises the following steps: a film coating sensor is arranged on a circular end face of a bolt to be detected; a central electrode longitudinal and transverse wave axial load calibration formula is obtained; a relationship function of axial load of each edge electrode and a longitudinal and transverse wave transverse load slope calibration coefficient is obtained; and the size and direction of each directional load of the bolt to be detected are obtained according to the central electrode longitudinal and transverse wave axial load calibration formula and the relationship function of axial load of each edge electrode and a longitudinal and transverse wave transverse load slope calibration coefficient. The longitudinal and transverse wave array sensor of the central electrode and the plurality of edge electrodes can be used for, but is not limited to, accurate measurement of a bolt fastener under complex alternating load action, which is affected by irregular vibration, alternating load, impact load and the like, and can distinguish the load action direction in real time, so that omnidirectional stress judgment is realized.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of load measurement, in particular to a bolt multi-directional load measurement method and system based on array longitudinal and transverse ultrasonic waves. BACKGROUND

[0002] The fasteners of wind turbines often bear irregular vibrations, alternating loads, impact loads and the like, resulting in problems such as bolt fracture or loosening of the wind turbine, which greatly affects the safe operation of the unit and even causes the blade to fall or even collapse. Therefore, it is necessary to measure the fasteners of the wind turbine with high precision to meet the requirement of real-time detection of the internal stress of the fasteners and enhance the reliability and safety of the operation of the wind turbine.

[0003] The bolt stress measurement research work has been carried out early at home and abroad. The ultrasonic method is based on the acoustic elasticity principle, and the mathematical function relationship between the ultrasonic wave transit time and the bolt fastening force is established through calibration experiments, so as to indirectly measure the stress borne by the bolt. The measurement method of ultrasonic axial load has been widely applied, but the research in the transverse load direction is relatively less. The traditional ultrasonic longitudinal and transverse wave method mainly relies on the mathematical relationship between the elastic stress and the ultrasonic longitudinal and transverse wave velocities to detect those bolts which have been fastened and cannot be calibrated by longitudinal wave acoustic elasticity. However, this method has certain limitations in measuring multi-directional load.

[0004] The method of the prior art at least has the following technical problems:

[0005] The current bolt ultrasonic detection technology can only measure the stress in one direction and can only obtain one acoustic time data, and cannot measure the size and direction of a single load at the same time, not to mention simultaneously measuring the multi-directional load of the bolt. The current method is limited to the scene where the load direction is known, such as the process of applying pre-tightening force to the bolt; but in the process of wind turbine operation, the external environment will exert complex alternating load on the fastener, so it is necessary to develop a new stress measurement method.

[0006] In the current bolt ultrasonic detection technology, the ultrasonic probe has only one electrode, which is placed in the center area of the head or bottom of the bolt during measurement. When the bolt is subjected to transverse load, the center area of the bolt is not subjected to stretching and compression, and the acoustic time hardly changes when the transverse load is applied, so the single center electrode in the ultrasonic sensor cannot measure the size and direction of the transverse load.

[0007] In the current bolt ultrasonic detection technology, only single longitudinal wave is used to measure the axial load and transverse load of the bolt, and the transverse load and the propagation direction of the longitudinal wave are inconsistent, so the single wave method has certain limitations in measuring the transverse load. SUMMARY

[0008] The application provides a bolt multi-directional load measurement method and system based on array longitudinal and transverse ultrasonic waves, which can solve the technical problem that the current bolt ultrasonic detection technology only uses single longitudinal waves to measure bolt axial load and transverse load, the transverse load and the longitudinal wave propagation direction are inconsistent, and the single wave method has certain limitations when measuring the transverse load.

[0009] In a first aspect, the application provides a bolt multi-directional load measurement method based on array longitudinal and transverse ultrasonic waves, comprising the following steps:

[0010] A film coating sensor is arranged on a circular end face of a bolt to be detected, at least one center electrode and a plurality of edge electrodes are prepared on the film coating sensor, the center electrode corresponds to the center position of the circular end face, and the plurality of edge electrodes are arranged in a ring array inside the outer edge of the circular end face;

[0011] The longitudinal and transverse wave axial load calibration coefficient of the center electrode is calibrated and obtained;

[0012] The longitudinal and transverse wave axial load calibration formula of the center electrode is obtained according to the longitudinal and transverse wave axial load calibration coefficient of the center electrode;

[0013] The relationship function coefficient of the transverse load and the longitudinal and transverse wave time of each edge electrode under different axial loads is calibrated to obtain the longitudinal and transverse wave transverse load slope calibration coefficient;

[0014] The relationship function of the axial load and the longitudinal and transverse wave transverse load slope calibration coefficient of each edge electrode is obtained according to the relationship function coefficient of each edge electrode;

[0015] The size and direction of the multi-directional load of the bolt to be detected are obtained according to the longitudinal and transverse wave axial load calibration formula of the center electrode and the relationship function of the axial load and the longitudinal and transverse wave transverse load slope calibration coefficient of each edge electrode.

[0016] In combination with the first aspect, in an embodiment, the longitudinal and transverse wave axial load calibration coefficient of the center electrode is calibrated and obtained;

[0017] The longitudinal and transverse wave axial load calibration formula of the center electrode is obtained according to the longitudinal and transverse wave axial load calibration coefficient of the center electrode, and specifically comprises the following steps:

[0018] A gradient axial load is applied to the bolt to be detected, and the longitudinal wave time and the transverse wave time of the center electrode under different gradient axial loads are recorded;

[0019] The longitudinal and transverse wave axial load calibration coefficient of the center electrode is calibrated and obtained according to the longitudinal wave time and the transverse wave time of the center electrode under different gradient axial loads;

[0020] The longitudinal and transverse wave axial load calibration formula of the center electrode is obtained according to the longitudinal and transverse wave axial load calibration coefficient of the center electrode.

[0021] In combination with the first aspect, in one implementation, the method further comprises the following steps:

[0022] applying an axial load to the bolt under test and applying a gradient transverse load to the pre-tightening bolt, and recording the longitudinal wave time and the transverse wave time of the edge electrodes under different gradient transverse loads;

[0023] According to the longitudinal wave time and the transverse wave time of the edge electrodes under different gradient transverse loads, the longitudinal and transverse wave transverse load slope calibration coefficients of the corresponding edge electrodes are obtained;

[0024] According to the longitudinal and transverse wave transverse load slope calibration coefficients of the edge electrodes, the function coefficients of the relationship between the transverse load and the longitudinal and transverse wave time of the edge electrodes under different axial loads are calibrated.

[0025] In combination with the first aspect, in one implementation, the method further comprises the following steps:

[0026] The measured longitudinal wave time of the bolt under test is numerically transformed according to the longitudinal and transverse wave axial load calibration formula of the center electrode to calculate the real-time axial load of the bolt under test;

[0027] According to the obtained real-time axial load of the bolt under test and the relationship function of the axial load and the longitudinal and transverse wave transverse load slope calibration coefficients of the edge electrodes, the longitudinal and transverse wave transverse load slope calibration coefficients of the edge electrodes are obtained;

[0028] According to the longitudinal and transverse wave transverse load slope calibration coefficients of the edge electrodes, the longitudinal and transverse wave transverse load calibration formula of the edge electrodes is obtained;

[0029] The longitudinal and transverse wave time of the edge electrodes is numerically transformed according to the longitudinal and transverse wave transverse load calibration formula of the edge electrodes to calculate the real-time transverse load of the bolt under test;

[0030] According to the transverse wave time of the multiple edge electrodes, the transverse load direction of the bolt under test is obtained.

[0031] In combination with the first aspect, in one implementation, the method further comprises the following steps:

[0032] The axial load is numerically transformed according to a relationship function of the axial load and the longitudinal wave transverse load calibration coefficient to obtain the longitudinal wave transverse load calibration coefficient corresponding to the edge electrode.

[0033] The axial load is numerically transformed according to a relationship function of the axial load and the transverse wave transverse load calibration coefficient to obtain the transverse wave transverse load calibration coefficient corresponding to the edge electrode.

[0034] In combination with the first aspect, in an implementation manner, the transverse load direction of the bolt to be detected is obtained according to the transverse wave acoustic time of the plurality of edge electrodes, and specifically includes the following steps:

[0035] The minimum transverse wave acoustic time in the transverse wave acoustic time of the plurality of edge electrodes is selected.

[0036] The direction of the transverse load of the bolt to be detected is determined as being perpendicular to the edge electrode of the minimum transverse wave acoustic time and being toward the center electrode direction.

[0037] The second aspect provides a bolt multi-directional load measurement system based on array longitudinal and transverse ultrasonic waves, including the following steps:

[0038] A coating sensor adding module is configured to set a thin film coating sensor on a circular end face of a bolt to be detected, the thin film coating sensor is provided with at least one center electrode and a plurality of edge electrodes, the center electrode corresponds to a center position of the circular end face, and the plurality of edge electrodes are arranged in a ring array inside an outer edge of the circular end face.

[0039] A center electrode coefficient calibration module is configured to calibrate and obtain a longitudinal and transverse wave axial load calibration coefficient of the center electrode.

[0040] A center electrode load formula calibration module is in communication connection with the center electrode coefficient calibration module, and is configured to obtain a center electrode longitudinal and transverse wave axial load calibration formula according to the longitudinal and transverse wave axial load calibration coefficient of the center electrode.

[0041] A relationship function coefficient obtaining module is configured to calibrate a relationship function coefficient of the transverse load and the longitudinal and transverse wave acoustic time of each edge electrode under different axial loads to obtain a longitudinal and transverse wave transverse load slope calibration coefficient.

[0042] A relationship function obtaining module is in communication connection with the relationship function coefficient obtaining module, and is configured to obtain a relationship function of the axial load and the longitudinal and transverse wave transverse load slope calibration coefficient of each edge electrode according to the relationship function coefficient of each edge electrode.

[0043] A each-direction load information obtaining module is in communication connection with the relationship function obtaining module, and is configured to obtain the size and direction of each-direction load of the bolt to be detected according to the center electrode longitudinal and transverse wave axial load calibration formula and the relationship function of the axial load and the longitudinal and transverse wave transverse load slope calibration coefficient of each edge electrode.

[0044] In combination with the second aspect, in an implementation form, the central electrode coefficient calibration module comprises:

[0045] a central electrode longitudinal and transverse wave acoustic time acquisition unit configured to apply a gradient axial load to the bolt to be detected, and record longitudinal wave acoustic times and transverse wave acoustic times of the central electrode under different gradient axial loads;

[0046] a central electrode longitudinal and transverse wave axial load calibration coefficient acquisition unit, in communication connection with the central electrode longitudinal and transverse wave acoustic time acquisition unit, configured to calibrate and acquire a central electrode longitudinal and transverse wave axial load calibration coefficient according to the longitudinal wave acoustic times and the transverse wave acoustic times of the central electrode under different gradient axial loads;

[0047] a central electrode longitudinal and transverse wave axial load calibration formula acquisition unit, in communication connection with the central electrode longitudinal and transverse wave axial load calibration coefficient acquisition unit, configured to acquire a central electrode longitudinal and transverse wave axial load calibration formula according to the central electrode longitudinal and transverse wave axial load calibration coefficient.

[0048] In combination with the second aspect, in an implementation form, the relationship function acquisition module comprises:

[0049] an edge electrode longitudinal and transverse wave acoustic time acquisition unit configured to apply an axial load to the bolt to be detected, apply a gradient transverse load to the pre-tightening bolt, and record longitudinal wave acoustic times and transverse wave acoustic times of the edge electrode under different gradient transverse loads;

[0050] an edge electrode slope coefficient calibration module, in communication connection with the edge electrode longitudinal and transverse wave acoustic time acquisition unit, configured to acquire a corresponding edge electrode longitudinal and transverse wave transverse load slope calibration coefficient according to the longitudinal wave acoustic times and the transverse wave acoustic times of the edge electrode under different gradient transverse loads;

[0051] a relationship function acquisition unit, in communication connection with the edge electrode slope coefficient calibration module, configured to calibrate a relationship function coefficient of a transverse load and longitudinal and transverse wave acoustic times of each edge electrode under different axial loads according to the longitudinal and transverse wave transverse load slope calibration coefficients of each edge electrode.

[0052] In a third aspect, the present application provides a computer readable storage medium, characterized in that the computer readable storage medium stores a bolt multi-directional load measurement program based on array longitudinal and transverse ultrasonic waves, wherein the bolt multi-directional load measurement program based on array longitudinal and transverse ultrasonic waves, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the bolt multi-directional load measurement method based on array longitudinal and transverse ultrasonic waves as described above.

[0053] The technical scheme provided by the embodiments of the present application has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0054] The application realizes the synchronous measurement of the size and direction of the transverse load and axial load of the bolt bearing multidirectional load through the longitudinal and transverse wave array sensor of the central electrode and multiple edge electrodes, can be used for but not limited to the accurate measurement of the bolt fastener under the influence of irregular vibration, alternating load, impact load and other load effects, and can distinguish the load action direction in real time, realize the all-around judgment of stress. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0055] Figure 1 The method flowchart of the bolt multidirectional load measurement method based on array longitudinal and transverse ultrasonic waves provided by the embodiment of the application is provided.

[0056] Figure 2 The schematic diagram of the shape of the bolt and the sensor provided by the embodiment of the application is provided. Figure 2 b is Figure 2 The schematic diagram of the electrode arrangement at the top of the bolt in a is provided.

[0057] Figure 3 The schematic diagram of the clamp and load action provided by the embodiment of the application is provided.

[0058] Figure 4 The longitudinal and transverse wave acoustic time-axial load calibration curve diagram of the central electrode provided by the embodiment of the application is provided.

[0059] Figure 5 The longitudinal wave acoustic time-transverse load calibration curve diagram of the edge electrode provided by the embodiment of the application is provided.

[0060] Figure 6 The transverse wave acoustic time-transverse load calibration curve diagram of the edge electrode provided by the embodiment of the application is provided. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0061] In order to enable the personnel in the technical field to better understand the scheme of the application, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the application will be clearly and completely described below in combination with the drawings in the embodiment of the application. Obviously, the described embodiment is only a part of the embodiments of the application, not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the application, all other embodiments obtained by the personnel in the field without creative labor fall within the protection scope of the application.

[0062] The terms "comprise", "comprising", "include", "including", "have" and "having" and any variations thereof in the Specification and in the Claims herein are intended to cover both the singular and the plural unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. For example, a process, method, object, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to only those steps or elements but can include other not specified steps or elements. The terms "first", "second", and "third" and the like, are used to distinguish between similar objects, and are not necessarily used to indicate the order or precedence of one over another.

[0063] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, "exemplary", "for example", "e.g." or "for instance" are used on the basis that a proper meaning of the words is taken. Any embodiment or design scheme described as "exemplary", "for example", or "for instance" in the embodiments of the present application should not be interpreted as being better than other embodiments or design schemes. Rather, the words "exemplary", "for example", or "for instance" are used to present related concepts in a specific way.

[0064] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise specified, " / " means or, for example, A / B can mean A or B; "and / or" in the text only represents a description of the relationship between associated objects, which means that there can be three relationships, for example, A and / or B, which means that there are three cases of A alone, A and B together, and B alone. In addition, in the description of the embodiments of the present application, "multiple" means two or more than two.

[0065] In some of the processes described in the embodiments of the present application, a plurality of operations or steps appear in a specific order, but it should be understood that these operations or steps can be executed or performed in parallel or in a different order from that in which they appear in the embodiments of the present application. The serial number of the operation is only used to distinguish different operations, and the serial number itself does not represent any execution order. In addition, these processes can include more or fewer operations, and these operations or steps can be executed in sequence or in parallel, and these operations or steps can be combined.

[0066] First, some technical terms in the present application are explained and described to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art.

[0067] For axial load;

[0068] For lateral load;

[0069] For longitudinal wave sound time;

[0070] Sound time: ultrasonic wave flight time, which is the time for ultrasonic wave generation and ultrasonic wave propagation to the electrode.

[0071] Sound time: ultrasonic wave flight time, which is the time for ultrasonic wave generation and ultrasonic wave propagation to the electrode.

[0072] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present application clearer, the embodiments of the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

[0073] In a first aspect, referring to Figure 1 The present application provides a bolt multi-directional load measurement method based on array longitudinal and transverse ultrasonic waves, comprising the following steps:

[0074] Step S1, referring to Figure 2 a- Figure 2 b, a thin film coating sensor is arranged on a circular end face of the bolt to be detected, at least one center electrode and a plurality of edge electrodes are prepared on the thin film coating sensor, the center electrode corresponds to the center position of the circular end face, and the plurality of edge electrodes are arranged in a ring array inside the outer edge of the circular end face, so as to apply array longitudinal and transverse ultrasonic waves on the bolt to be detected;

[0075] Step S2, calibrating the longitudinal and transverse wave axial load calibration coefficient of the center electrode;

[0076] Step S3, obtaining the center electrode longitudinal and transverse wave axial load calibration formula according to the longitudinal and transverse wave axial load calibration coefficient of the center electrode;

[0077] Step S4, calibrating the relationship function coefficient of the transverse load of each edge electrode and the longitudinal and transverse wave sound time under different axial loads, to obtain the longitudinal and transverse wave transverse load slope calibration coefficient;

[0078] Step S5, obtaining the relationship function of the axial load and the longitudinal and transverse wave transverse load slope calibration coefficient of each edge electrode according to the relationship function coefficient of each edge electrode;

[0079] Step S6, obtaining the size and direction of the load of the bolt to be detected according to the center electrode longitudinal and transverse wave axial load calibration formula and the relationship function of the axial load and the longitudinal and transverse wave transverse load slope calibration coefficient of each edge electrode.

[0080] The present application uses the longitudinal and transverse wave array sensor of the center electrode and the plurality of edge electrodes to realize the synchronous measurement of the transverse load and the axial load of the bolt fastener and other connecting members bearing multi-directional load;

[0081] The present method can be used for, but not limited to, the bolt fastener bearing irregular vibration, alternating load, impact load and other load effects, to realize accurate measurement under complex alternating load and real-time load direction discrimination, and realize all-around stress judgment.

[0082] In an embodiment, in step S1, the circular end face is a top end face or a bottom end face of the bolt to be detected.

[0083] In an embodiment, in step S1, a piezoelectric effect coating sensor is prepared on a circular end face of the bolt to be detected by a physical vapor deposition method.

[0084] In an embodiment, in step S1, the ring is a circular ring, and the circular ring is arranged concentrically with the circular end face of the bolt to be detected; more specifically, the plurality of edge electrodes arranged in the annular array are arranged along the inner side of the outer edge of the bolt to be detected; in the transformed embodiment of the present application, the ring can also be implemented as a regular geometric ring that is not a circular ring.

[0085] In a specific embodiment, in step S1, the number of edge electrodes is 8, and the included angle between every two edge electrodes relative to the center electrode is 45°. , .

[0086] In an embodiment, in step S2, the longitudinal and transverse wave axial load calibration formula of the center electrode is obtained according to the longitudinal and transverse wave axial load calibration coefficient of the center electrode, and specifically includes the following steps:

[0087] Step S21, a gradient axial load is applied to the bolt to be detected, and the longitudinal wave sound time and the transverse wave sound time of the center electrode under different gradient axial loads are recorded;

[0088] Step S22, the longitudinal and transverse wave axial load calibration coefficient of the center electrode is calibrated and obtained according to the longitudinal wave sound time and the transverse wave sound time of the center electrode under different gradient axial loads;

[0089] Step S23, the longitudinal and transverse wave axial load calibration formula of the center electrode is obtained according to the longitudinal and transverse wave axial load calibration coefficient of the center electrode;

[0090] In an embodiment, as shown in Figures 3-4 , in step S2, the longitudinal and transverse wave axial load calibration formula of the center electrode is obtained according to the longitudinal and transverse wave axial load calibration coefficient of the center electrode, and specifically implemented as:

[0091] A transverse pre-tightening force is applied to the bolt, and a gradient axial load is applied to the bolt on a standard tensile machine, and the gradient load is ;

[0092] The longitudinal wave sound time and the transverse wave sound time under different gradient loads are recorded respectively;

[0093] According to the longitudinal wave sound time of the center electrode under different gradient axial loads, the longitudinal wave axial load calibration coefficient (including the longitudinal wave axial load slope calibration coefficient and the longitudinal wave axial load correction calibration coefficient) of the center electrode is fitted.

[0094] According to the shear wave time of the center electrode under different gradient axial loads, the shear wave axial load calibration coefficient of the center electrode (including the shear wave axial load slope calibration coefficient and the shear wave axial load correction calibration coefficient ) is fitted.

[0095] In an embodiment, the step S3, according to the longitudinal and shear wave axial load calibration coefficients of the center electrode, obtains the longitudinal and shear wave axial load calibration formula of the center electrode as follows:

[0096] ;

[0097] In the formula, is the real-time applied axial load, is the longitudinal wave time, and are respectively the longitudinal wave axial load slope calibration coefficient and the longitudinal wave axial load correction calibration coefficient of the center electrode;

[0098] The shear wave time corresponding to the center electrode and the axial load calibration formula are as follows:

[0099] ;

[0100] In the formula, is the real-time applied axial load, is the shear wave time, and are respectively the shear wave axial load slope calibration coefficient and the shear wave axial load correction calibration coefficient of the center electrode.

[0101] In an embodiment, the step S4, the calibration of the relationship function coefficient of the transverse load of each edge electrode and the longitudinal and shear wave time under different axial loads, specifically includes the following steps:

[0102] Step S41, the axial pre-tightening of the axial load applied to the bolt to be detected, the gradient transverse load applied to the pre-tightening bolt, and the longitudinal and shear wave times of the edge electrode under different gradient transverse loads are recorded;

[0103] Step S42, according to the longitudinal and shear wave times of the edge electrode under different gradient transverse loads, the longitudinal and shear wave transverse load slope calibration coefficients of the corresponding edge electrode are obtained;

[0104] Step S43, according to the longitudinal and shear wave transverse load slope calibration coefficients of each edge electrode, the relationship function coefficient of the transverse load of each edge electrode and the longitudinal and shear wave time under different axial loads is calibrated.

[0105] The longitudinal wave time-transverse load calibration curve of the edge electrode is as follows: Figure 5As shown, the edge electrode shear wave acoustic time-lateral load calibration curve is as follows: Figure 6 As shown.

[0106] In a more specific embodiment, step S4 is specifically implemented as follows:

[0107] A axial preload is applied to the bolt to tighten it axially, and a tensioning machine is used to apply a gradient transverse load to the preloaded bolt. The longitudinal wave acoustic time and transverse wave acoustic time of different edge electrodes under different gradient transverse loads were recorded respectively.

[0108] Based on the distance between the edge electrodes and the applied lateral load, each edge electrode is numbered. The electrode closest to the applied lateral load position is designated as electrode number 1, and the longitudinal wave acoustic time corresponding to electrode number 1 is obtained. The formula for lateral load calibration is shown below:

[0109] ;

[0110] In the formula, For the lateral load applied in real time, and These are the longitudinal wave transverse load slope calibration coefficient and the longitudinal wave transverse load correction calibration coefficient for electrode No. 1, respectively.

[0111] Corresponding transverse wave sound time The formula for lateral load calibration is shown below:

[0112] ;

[0113] In the formula, For the lateral load applied in real time, and These are the calibration coefficients for the transverse wave lateral load slope and the correction calibration coefficients for the transverse wave lateral load of electrode 1, respectively.

[0114] Gradually increase the axial load on the bolts Repeat step S4 to obtain the transverse load calibration coefficients of each edge electrode under different axial loads of the longitudinal wave. Calibration coefficients for longitudinal wave transverse load slope of edge electrode under different transverse wave axial loads x is the electrode number;

[0115] The longitudinal preload of electrode No. 1 3 transverse load calibration factors corresponding to longitudinal waves relational functions Longitudinal preload of electrode No. 1 3 transverse load calibration factors corresponding to shear waves relational functions ,in, , , and is a longitudinal wave axial load correction coefficient, a transverse wave axial load correction coefficient.

[0116] In an embodiment, the step S5, according to the relationship function coefficients of each edge electrode, obtains the relationship function of the axial load and the longitudinal transverse wave transverse load slope calibration coefficient of each edge electrode, which is specifically implemented as:

[0117] According to the relationship function coefficients of each edge electrode (including and ), the relationship function of the axial load and the longitudinal transverse wave transverse load slope calibration coefficient of each edge electrode is as follows:

[0118] The relationship function of the axial load and the longitudinal transverse wave transverse load calibration coefficient of each edge electrode is as follows:

[0119]

[0120] In the formula, is the longitudinal transverse wave transverse load slope calibration coefficient of the xth edge electrode, is a longitudinal wave axial load slope coefficient, is an axial load, is a longitudinal wave axial load correction coefficient.

[0121] The relationship function of the axial load and the longitudinal transverse wave transverse load calibration coefficient of each edge electrode is as follows

[0122]

[0123] In the formula, is the longitudinal transverse wave transverse load slope calibration coefficient of the xth edge electrode, is a transverse wave axial load slope coefficient, is an axial load, is a transverse wave axial load correction coefficient.

[0124] In an embodiment, the step S6, according to the central electrode longitudinal transverse wave axial load calibration formula and the relationship function of the axial load and the longitudinal transverse wave transverse load slope calibration coefficient of each edge electrode, obtains the size and direction of each direction load of the bolt to be detected, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0125] Step S61, the longitudinal wave sound time measured value of the bolt to be detected is numerically transformed according to the central electrode longitudinal transverse wave axial load calibration formula, and the real-time axial load of the bolt to be detected is calculated and obtained;

[0126] Step S62, the axial load is numerically transformed according to the relationship function of the axial load and the longitudinal wave transverse load calibration coefficient, and the longitudinal wave transverse load calibration coefficient corresponding to the edge electrode is obtained;

[0127] Step S63, the axial load is numerically transformed according to the relationship formula of the axial load and the transverse wave transverse load calibration coefficient, and the transverse wave transverse load calibration coefficient corresponding to the edge electrode is obtained;

[0128] Step S64, the longitudinal and transverse wave transverse load calibration formula of each edge electrode is obtained according to the obtained longitudinal and transverse wave transverse load slope calibration coefficient of the edge electrode;

[0129] Step S65, the real-time transverse load of the bolt to be detected is calculated according to the longitudinal and transverse wave transverse load calibration formula of each edge electrode.

[0130] Step S66, the transverse load direction of the bolt to be detected is obtained according to the transverse wave acoustic time of the plurality of edge electrodes.

[0131] In an embodiment, steps S61-S65 are specifically implemented as:

[0132] In the actual detection of the bolt to be detected in the working state bearing multi-directional load, the center electrode longitudinal wave acoustic time is first measured , by substituting into the center electrode longitudinal and transverse wave axial load calibration formula , the value of the real-time axial load is obtained;

[0133] The real-time axial load is brought into the relationship function of the axial load and the transverse load calibration coefficient corresponding to the longitudinal wave to obtain the transverse load calibration coefficient corresponding to the electrode longitudinal wave ;

[0134] The real-time axial load is brought into the relationship function of the axial load and the transverse load calibration coefficient corresponding to the transverse wave to obtain the transverse load calibration coefficient corresponding to the electrode longitudinal wave ;

[0135] The longitudinal and transverse wave acoustic times of the No. 1 electrode , are respectively substituted into the No. 1 electrode transverse load calibration formula , the longitudinal and transverse wave flight times are respectively brought in, and the average value of the obtained is obtained to obtain the transverse load size of the bolt, and the real-time transverse load the value of the first parameter.

[0136] The bolt multi-directional load measurement method based on array longitudinal and transverse ultrasonic waves provided in the application measures the multi-directional load of the bolt. Since the longitudinal wave of the center electrode is hardly affected by the transverse load, the axial load on the bolt is determined by the longitudinal wave time of the center electrode, and then the longitudinal and transverse wave time-transverse load calibration coefficient of the edge electrode under the axial load is obtained by the relationship function between the axial load and the longitudinal and transverse wave transverse load slope calibration coefficient of each edge electrode, and finally the size and direction of the transverse load are determined by the longitudinal and transverse wave time of the edge electrode.

[0137] In an embodiment, the step S66 of obtaining the transverse load direction of the bolt under test according to the transverse wave time of the plurality of edge electrodes comprises the following steps:

[0138] Selecting the minimum transverse wave time from the transverse wave times of the plurality of edge electrodes;

[0139] Determining that the direction of the transverse load of the bolt under test is perpendicular to the edge electrode with the minimum transverse wave time and towards the center electrode.

[0140] In a second aspect, the application provides a bolt multi-directional load measurement system based on array longitudinal and transverse ultrasonic waves, comprising the following steps:

[0141] The coating sensor adding module is configured to set a thin film coating sensor on a circular end face of a bolt under test. The thin film coating sensor is provided with at least one center electrode and a plurality of edge electrodes. The center electrode corresponds to the center position of the circular end face, and the plurality of edge electrodes are arranged in a ring array inside the outer edge of the circular end face.

[0142] The center electrode coefficient calibration module is configured to calibrate the longitudinal and transverse wave axial load calibration coefficient of the center electrode.

[0143] The center electrode load formula calibration module is in communication connection with the center electrode coefficient calibration module and is configured to obtain the center electrode longitudinal and transverse wave axial load calibration formula according to the longitudinal and transverse wave axial load calibration coefficient of the center electrode.

[0144] The relationship function coefficient obtaining module is configured to calibrate the relationship function coefficient between the transverse load and the longitudinal and transverse wave time of each edge electrode under different axial loads, and obtain the longitudinal and transverse wave transverse load slope calibration coefficient.

[0145] The relationship function obtaining module is in communication connection with the relationship function coefficient obtaining module and is configured to obtain the relationship function between the axial load and the longitudinal and transverse wave transverse load slope calibration coefficient of each edge electrode according to the relationship function coefficient of each edge electrode.

[0146] The each-direction load information acquisition module is in communication connection with the relationship function acquisition module, and is configured to acquire the size and direction of the each-direction load of the to-be-inspected bolt according to the central electrode longitudinal and transverse wave axial load calibration formula and the relationship function of the axial load and the longitudinal and transverse wave transverse load slope calibration coefficient of each edge electrode.

[0147] In an embodiment, the central electrode coefficient calibration module comprises:

[0148] The central electrode longitudinal and transverse wave acoustic time acquisition unit is configured to apply a gradient axial load to the to-be-inspected bolt and record the longitudinal wave acoustic time and the transverse wave acoustic time of the central electrode under different gradient axial loads.

[0149] The central electrode longitudinal and transverse wave axial load calibration coefficient acquisition unit is in communication connection with the central electrode longitudinal and transverse wave acoustic time acquisition unit, and is configured to calibrate and acquire the longitudinal and transverse wave axial load calibration coefficient of the central electrode according to the longitudinal wave acoustic time and the transverse wave acoustic time of the central electrode under different gradient axial loads.

[0150] The central electrode longitudinal and transverse wave axial load calibration formula acquisition unit is in communication connection with the central electrode longitudinal and transverse wave axial load calibration coefficient acquisition unit, and is configured to acquire the central electrode longitudinal and transverse wave axial load calibration formula according to the longitudinal and transverse wave axial load calibration coefficient of the central electrode.

[0151] In an embodiment, the relationship function acquisition module comprises:

[0152] The edge electrode longitudinal and transverse wave acoustic time acquisition unit is configured to apply an axial load to the to-be-inspected bolt and a gradient transverse load to the pre-tightening bolt, and record the longitudinal wave acoustic time and the transverse wave acoustic time of the edge electrode under different gradient transverse loads.

[0153] The edge electrode slope coefficient calibration module is in communication connection with the edge electrode longitudinal and transverse wave acoustic time acquisition unit, and is configured to acquire the longitudinal and transverse wave transverse load slope calibration coefficient of the corresponding edge electrode according to the longitudinal wave acoustic time and the transverse wave acoustic time of the edge electrode under different gradient transverse loads.

[0154] The relationship function acquisition unit is in communication connection with the edge electrode slope coefficient calibration module, and is configured to calibrate the relationship function coefficient of the transverse load and the longitudinal and transverse wave acoustic time of each edge electrode under different axial loads according to the longitudinal and transverse wave transverse load slope calibration coefficient of each edge electrode.

[0155] The functions of each module in the above bolt multi-direction load measurement device based on array longitudinal and transverse ultrasonic waves correspond to the steps in the above bolt multi-direction load measurement method embodiment based on array longitudinal and transverse ultrasonic waves, and the functions and implementation processes will not be repeated here.

[0156] In a third aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide a bolt multi-directional load measuring device based on array longitudinal and transverse ultrasonic waves. The bolt multi-directional load measuring device based on array longitudinal and transverse ultrasonic waves can be a personal computer (PC), a notebook computer, a server, or the like device having a data processing function.

[0157] In the embodiments of the present application, the bolt multi-directional load measuring device based on array longitudinal and transverse ultrasonic waves can include a processor, a memory, a communication interface, and a communication bus.

[0158] The communication bus can be of any type and used to interconnect the processor, the memory, and the communication interface.

[0159] The communication interface includes an input / output (I / O) interface, a physical interface, and a logical interface, and the like interface used to interconnect devices inside the bolt multi-directional load measuring device based on array longitudinal and transverse ultrasonic waves, and the interface used to interconnect the bolt multi-directional load measuring device based on array longitudinal and transverse ultrasonic waves with other devices (for example, other computing devices or user devices). The physical interface can be an Ethernet interface, a fiber interface, an ATM interface, or the like. The user device can be a display screen (Display), a keyboard (Keyboard), or the like.

[0160] The memory can be various types of storage media, such as random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), non-volatile RAM (NVRAM), flash memory, optical storage, hard disk, programmable ROM (PROM), erasable PROM (EPROM), electrically erasable PROM (EEPROM), or the like.

[0161] The processor can be a general-purpose processor, which can invoke the bolt multi-directional load measuring program based on array longitudinal and transverse ultrasonic waves stored in the memory and execute the bolt multi-directional load measuring method based on array longitudinal and transverse ultrasonic waves provided by the embodiments of the present application. For example, the general-purpose processor can be a central processing unit (CPU). The method executed when the bolt multi-directional load measuring program based on array longitudinal and transverse ultrasonic waves is invoked can refer to each embodiment of the bolt multi-directional load measuring method based on array longitudinal and transverse ultrasonic waves of the present application, which will not be described herein again.

[0162] In a fourth aspect, the embodiments of the present application further provide a readable storage medium.

[0163] The application can store an array longitudinal and lateral ultrasonic bolt multi-directional load measurement program on a readable storage medium, wherein the array longitudinal and lateral ultrasonic bolt multi-directional load measurement program is executed by a processor to realize the steps of the array longitudinal and lateral ultrasonic bolt multi-directional load measurement method as described above.

[0164] The method realized when the array longitudinal and lateral ultrasonic bolt multi-directional load measurement program is executed can refer to each embodiment of the array longitudinal and lateral ultrasonic bolt multi-directional load measurement method of the application, which will not be described here again.

[0165] It should be noted that the above sequence numbers of the embodiments of the application are only for description, and do not represent the advantages and disadvantages of the embodiments.

[0166] From the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the above-mentioned embodiment method can be realized by means of software and a general hardware platform, of course, it can also be realized by hardware, but in many cases, the former is a better embodiment. Based on such understanding, the technical solutions of the application can be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium (such as a ROM / RAM, a magnetic disk, an optical disk) as described above, and includes a plurality of instructions for making a terminal device execute the method described in each embodiment of the application.

[0167] The above is only the preferred embodiment of the application, and does not limit the patent scope of the application, and any equivalent structure or equivalent flow transformation using the content of the specification and drawings, or direct or indirect application in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the application.

Claims

1. A method for measuring multi-directional load of a bolt based on array longitudinal and transverse ultrasonic waves, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: A film coating sensor is arranged on a circular end surface of a bolt to be detected, and at least one center electrode and a plurality of edge electrodes are prepared on the film coating sensor, the center electrode corresponds to a center position of the circular end surface, and the plurality of edge electrodes are arranged in a ring array inside an outer edge of the circular end surface; A longitudinal and transverse wave axial load calibration coefficient of the center electrode is calibrated; A longitudinal and transverse wave axial load calibration formula of the center electrode is obtained according to the longitudinal and transverse wave axial load calibration coefficient of the center electrode; A relationship function coefficient of a transverse load and a longitudinal and transverse wave time of each edge electrode under different axial loads is calibrated to obtain a longitudinal and transverse wave transverse load slope calibration coefficient; A relationship function of an axial load and the longitudinal and transverse wave transverse load slope calibration coefficient of each edge electrode is obtained according to the relationship function coefficient of each edge electrode; The size and direction of each direction load of the bolt to be detected are obtained according to the longitudinal and transverse wave axial load calibration formula of the center electrode and the relationship function of the axial load and the longitudinal and transverse wave transverse load slope calibration coefficient of each edge electrode.

2. The array longitudinal-transverse ultrasonic based bolt multi-directional load measurement method according to claim 1, wherein, The longitudinal and transverse wave axial load calibration coefficient of the center electrode is calibrated; The longitudinal and transverse wave axial load calibration formula of the center electrode is obtained according to the longitudinal and transverse wave axial load calibration coefficient of the center electrode, and specifically comprises the following steps: A gradient axial load is applied to the bolt to be detected, and the longitudinal wave time and the transverse wave time of the center electrode under different gradient axial loads are recorded; The longitudinal and transverse wave axial load calibration coefficient of the center electrode is calibrated according to the longitudinal wave time and the transverse wave time of the center electrode under different gradient axial loads; The longitudinal and transverse wave axial load calibration formula of the center electrode is obtained according to the longitudinal and transverse wave axial load calibration coefficient of the center electrode.

3. The array longitudinal-transverse ultrasonic based bolt multi-directional load measurement method according to claim 1, wherein, The relationship function coefficient of the transverse load and the longitudinal and transverse wave time of each edge electrode under different axial loads is calibrated, and specifically comprises the following steps: An axial load is applied to the bolt to be detected, and a gradient transverse load is applied to a pre-tightening bolt, and the longitudinal wave time and the transverse wave time of the edge electrode under different gradient transverse loads are recorded; The longitudinal and transverse wave transverse load slope calibration coefficient of the corresponding edge electrode is obtained according to the longitudinal wave time and the transverse wave time of the edge electrode under different gradient transverse loads; The relationship function coefficient of the transverse load and the longitudinal and transverse wave time of each edge electrode under different axial loads is calibrated according to the longitudinal and transverse wave transverse load slope calibration coefficient of each edge electrode.

4. The array longitudinal-transverse ultrasonic based bolt multi-directional load measurement method according to claim 1, wherein, The size and direction of each direction load of the bolt to be detected are obtained according to the longitudinal and transverse wave axial load calibration formula of the center electrode and the relationship function of the axial load and the longitudinal and transverse wave transverse load slope calibration coefficient of each edge electrode, and specifically comprises the following steps: The longitudinal wave time measured value of the bolt to be detected is numerically transformed according to the longitudinal and transverse wave axial load calibration formula of the center electrode to calculate the real-time axial load of the bolt to be detected; The longitudinal and transverse wave transverse load slope calibration coefficient of each edge electrode is obtained according to the real-time axial load of the bolt to be detected and the relationship function of the axial load and the longitudinal and transverse wave transverse load slope calibration coefficient of each edge electrode; The longitudinal and transverse wave transverse load calibration formula of each edge electrode is obtained according to the longitudinal and transverse wave transverse load slope calibration coefficient of each edge electrode; The longitudinal and transverse wave acoustic times of each edge electrode are numerically transformed according to the longitudinal and transverse wave transverse load calibration formula of each edge electrode to calculate and obtain the real-time transverse load of the bolt to be inspected. The transverse load direction of the bolt under test is obtained based on the transverse wave acoustic time of multiple edge electrodes.

5. The array longitudinal transverse ultrasonic based bolt multi-directional load measurement method of claim 4, wherein, The step of obtaining the longitudinal and transverse wave transverse load slope calibration coefficients for each edge electrode based on the real-time axial load of the bolt to be inspected and the relationship function between the axial load of each edge electrode and the longitudinal and transverse wave transverse load slope calibration coefficients specifically includes the following steps: The axial load is numerically transformed according to the relationship function between the axial load and the longitudinal wave transverse load calibration coefficient to obtain the longitudinal wave transverse load calibration coefficient of the corresponding edge electrode. The axial load is numerically transformed according to the relationship formula between the axial load and the transverse wave load calibration coefficient to obtain the transverse wave load calibration coefficient of the corresponding edge electrode.

6. The array longitudinal transverse ultrasonic based bolt multi-directional load measurement method of claim 5, wherein, The method of obtaining the transverse load direction of the bolt under inspection based on the transverse wave acoustic time of multiple edge electrodes specifically includes the following steps: Select the minimum shear wave acoustic time among multiple edge electrode shear wave acoustic times; The direction of the transverse load on the bolt to be inspected is determined to be perpendicular to the edge electrode and towards the center electrode when the minimum transverse wave sound is heard.

7. A multi-directional load measurement system for a bolt based on arrayed longitudinal transverse ultrasonic waves, characterized by, Includes the following steps: A coating sensor with an attachment module is used to set a thin film coating sensor on a circular end face of a bolt to be inspected. The thin film coating sensor has at least one central electrode and multiple edge electrodes. The central electrode corresponds to the center position of the circular end face, and the multiple edge electrodes are arranged in a ring array along the inner side of the outer edge of the circular end face. The center electrode coefficient calibration module is used to calibrate and obtain the longitudinal and transverse wave axial load calibration coefficients of the center electrode. The center electrode load formula calibration module is communicatively connected to the center electrode coefficient calibration module and is used to obtain the center electrode longitudinal and transverse wave axial load calibration formula based on the center electrode longitudinal and transverse wave axial load calibration coefficients. The relational function coefficient acquisition module is used to calibrate the relational function coefficients between the transverse load of each edge electrode and the longitudinal and transverse wave acoustic time under different axial loads, and to obtain the longitudinal and transverse wave transverse load slope calibration coefficients. The relation function acquisition module is communicatively connected to the relation function coefficient acquisition module and is used to acquire the relation function between the axial load and the longitudinal and transverse wave transverse load slope calibration coefficient of each edge electrode based on the relation function coefficient of each edge electrode. The load information acquisition module is communicatively connected to the relationship function acquisition module. It is used to acquire the magnitude and direction of the loads in all directions of the bolt under inspection based on the calibration formula of the longitudinal and transverse axial loads of the center electrode and the relationship function of the axial loads of each edge electrode and the slope calibration coefficients of the longitudinal and transverse loads.

8. The array-combination ultrasonic bolt multi-directional load measurement system according to claim 7, wherein, The center electrode coefficient calibration module includes: The longitudinal and transverse wave acoustic time acquisition unit of the center electrode is used to apply gradient axial load to the bolt to be inspected and record the longitudinal wave acoustic time and transverse wave acoustic time of the center electrode under different gradient axial loads. The center electrode longitudinal and transverse wave axial load calibration coefficient acquisition unit is communicatively connected to the center electrode longitudinal and transverse wave acoustic time acquisition unit. It is used to calibrate and acquire the center electrode longitudinal and transverse wave axial load calibration coefficients based on the longitudinal wave acoustic time and transverse wave acoustic time of the center electrode under different gradient axial loads. The center electrode longitudinal and transverse wave axial load calibration formula acquisition unit is in communication connection with the center electrode longitudinal and transverse wave axial load calibration coefficient acquisition unit, and is configured to acquire a center electrode longitudinal and transverse wave axial load calibration formula according to the center electrode longitudinal and transverse wave axial load calibration coefficient.

9. The array-combination ultrasonic bolt multi-directional load measurement system according to claim 7, wherein, The relationship function acquisition module comprises: The edge electrode longitudinal and transverse wave acoustic time acquisition unit is configured to apply an axial load to the bolt to be detected and a gradient transverse load to the pre-tightening bolt, and record the longitudinal wave acoustic time and the transverse wave acoustic time of the edge electrode under different gradient transverse loads; The edge electrode slope coefficient calibration module is in communication connection with the edge electrode longitudinal and transverse wave acoustic time acquisition unit, and is configured to acquire the corresponding edge electrode longitudinal and transverse wave transverse load slope calibration coefficient according to the longitudinal wave acoustic time and the transverse wave acoustic time of the edge electrode under different gradient transverse loads; The relationship function acquisition unit is in communication connection with the edge electrode slope coefficient calibration module, and is configured to calibrate the relationship function coefficient between the transverse load and the longitudinal and transverse wave acoustic time of each edge electrode under different axial loads according to the longitudinal and transverse wave transverse load slope calibration coefficient of each edge electrode.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer readable storage medium has stored thereon a bolt multi-directional load measurement program based on array longitudinal and transverse ultrasonic waves, and when the bolt multi-directional load measurement program based on array longitudinal and transverse ultrasonic waves is executed by the processor, the steps of the bolt multi-directional load measurement method based on array longitudinal and transverse ultrasonic waves are implemented.

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