Hydrogen-light complementary power generation and waste heat utilization device suitable for data center

Abstract

The application discloses a hydrogen light complementary power generation waste heat utilization device suitable for a data center, which comprises a hydrogen fuel cell device, a heat exchanger, a circulating pump, a solar light heat unit, a heat storage tank, a cooling and circulating unit, a variable power distribution control unit and an energy storage battery; hydrogen gas supplies an anode of the hydrogen fuel cell device, and air supplies a cathode of the hydrogen fuel cell device; electric energy output by the hydrogen fuel cell device is supplied to the device for self-use and sent to users through the variable power distribution control unit, and excess electric energy is stored in the energy storage battery; the hydrogen fuel cell device, the heat exchanger and the circulating pump form a cooling water circulating loop; an outlet of the heat exchanger is connected to a cold and hot user supply path through parallel connection of the solar light heat unit and the heat storage tank, a cold and hot user loop is communicated to the cooling and circulating unit, and an outlet of the cooling and circulating unit is connected to an inlet of the heat exchanger. The application effectively solves the problems of energy instantaneous imbalance and insufficient heat and cold supply in the operation process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of new energy and energy-saving technology, specifically relating to a hydrogen-photovoltaic complementary power generation waste heat utilization device suitable for data centers. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of AI technology, the demand for computing power is constantly increasing. Data centers, as the infrastructure providing computing power, are experiencing a surge in carbon emissions. Hydrogen energy, as a widely available clean energy source, can promote energy conservation and emission reduction in data centers and improve the absorption of renewable energy. Currently, one of the main ways to utilize hydrogen energy is through hydrogen fuel cell devices for power generation. However, its energy efficiency is only about 50%, and it cannot meet the energy needs of data centers or building parks. Therefore, there is an urgent need to improve hydrogen energy supply capacity.

[0003] Existing patent: A Coupled Energy Island System (Publication No.: CN 116404695 A) discloses a coupled energy island system, which includes a wind-solar-hydrogen coupled water electrolysis hydrogen production subsystem, a heat pump waste heat recovery subsystem, and a combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) subsystem. The wind-solar-hydrogen coupled water electrolysis hydrogen production subsystem utilizes wind and solar power for water electrolysis to produce hydrogen. The heat pump waste heat recovery subsystem recovers heat from the cooling water. In the CCHP subsystem, the fuel cell consumes hydrogen produced by the electrolyzer, and a seawater heat exchanger provides the heat generated by the fuel cell to a seawater evaporator. The seawater evaporator evaporates seawater and transports the resulting freshwater to the electrolyzer, enabling the energy island to provide sufficient energy at any time. This invention utilizes wind and solar power generation-water electrolysis hydrogen production, heat pump heating and cooling, and seawater evaporation, making it suitable for energy island solutions in larger areas, but difficult to implement in buildings.

[0004] Existing patent: A precision air conditioning and refrigeration system utilizing waste heat from a hydrogen fuel cell in a data center (Publication No.: CN212381591U) discloses a precision air conditioning and refrigeration system utilizing waste heat from a hydrogen fuel cell in a data center, including a hydrogen fuel cell stack, a water-cooled plate device, a lithium bromide absorption chiller, a precision air conditioning unit, and a cabinet. It utilizes waste heat from the hydrogen fuel cell for cooling: hot water generated by the hydrogen fuel cell and hot water in the water-cooled plate are passed through the lithium bromide absorption chiller to produce chilled water, which supplies cooling to the precision air conditioning system in the data center, thereby reducing the energy consumption of the data center's cooling system and achieving the goal of energy conservation and emission reduction in the data center. However, this patent only utilizes waste heat from the hydrogen fuel cell for cooling, which has problems such as the high operating temperature of the hydrogen fuel cell and a lack of system adjustability.

[0005] Existing patent: A hydrogen fuel cell combined cooling, heating, and power system (Publication No.: CN 219778923 U), discloses a hydrogen fuel cell combined cooling, heating, and power system, including a hydrogen fuel cell, a first valve group, a refrigeration system, a thermal storage system, and a heating terminal connected in sequence. It also includes an electricity terminal, a hydrogen supply side, and a water supply side connected to the hydrogen fuel cell, as well as a regulating valve and a refrigeration terminal connected to the refrigeration system. The hydrogen fuel cell, regulating valve, and thermal storage system are connected in sequence. This patent achieves a certain degree of combined cooling, heating, and power through improved control of the absorption refrigeration system, but it lacks management of energy utilization, and the heating temperature is low, failing to meet higher usage demands. Furthermore, the direct supply of cooling / heating water to the fuel cell system poses a risk to the stable operation of the battery system. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a hydrogen-solar hybrid power generation waste heat utilization device suitable for data centers. Through a reasonable system structure and energy storage design, it effectively solves the problems of instantaneous energy imbalance and insufficient heating and cooling capacity during operation. At the same time, it regulates the system's heating quality to flexibly meet the needs of different users and provides a new solution for the efficient utilization of hydrogen energy.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0008] A hydrogen-solar hybrid power generation waste heat utilization device suitable for data centers includes a hydrogen fuel cell device, a heat exchanger, a circulation pump, a solar thermal unit, a heat storage tank, a cooling and circulation unit, a power distribution control unit, and an energy storage battery.

[0009] Hydrogen is supplied to the anode of the hydrogen fuel cell device, and air is supplied to the cathode. The electrical energy output by the hydrogen fuel cell device is used by the power distribution control unit and sent to users. Excess electricity is stored in the energy storage battery. The hydrogen fuel cell device, heat exchanger and circulation pump form a cooling water circulation loop.

[0010] The outlet of the heat exchanger is connected to the cold and heat user supply circuit via a parallel solar thermal unit and a heat storage tank. The cold and heat user circuit is connected to the cooling and circulation unit, and the outlet of the cooling and circulation unit is connected to the inlet of the heat exchanger.

[0011] A further improvement of the present invention is that the heat exchanger, the solar thermal unit, the cooling and circulation unit, and the cold and hot users form a circulation loop for waste heat enhancement and utilization.

[0012] A further improvement of the present invention is that the outlet of the heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the first valve group, and the outlet of the first valve group is divided into two paths: one path is directly connected to the inlet of the second valve group, and the other path first passes through the solar thermal unit and then connects to the inlet of the second valve group.

[0013] A further improvement of the present invention is that the outlet of the second valve group is divided into two paths: one path directly supplies the heating and cooling users, and the other path first passes through the heat storage tank before supplying the heating and cooling users.

[0014] A further improvement of the present invention is that there is a parallel pipeline with the cooling and heating users, which is equipped with valve one; valve two is respectively installed at the inlet and outlet of the cooling user, and valve three is respectively installed at the inlet and outlet of the heating user.

[0015] A further improvement of the present invention is that, when supplying cooling or heating users, valves two and three are opened, while valve one is closed.

[0016] A further improvement of the present invention is that when the cooling demand is greater than the electricity demand, the hydrogen fuel cell device operates at its rated power; when the cooling generated by the heat produced by the hydrogen fuel cell device is insufficient, the water output from the hydrogen fuel cell device is first further enhanced by a solar thermal unit, and then, according to demand, most of it is supplied to users for both cooling and heating, while the remainder is stored in a heat storage tank.

[0017] A further improvement of the present invention is that when the cooling demand is less than the power demand, the excess power generated by the hydrogen fuel cell device will be stored in the energy storage battery.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial technical effects:

[0019] 1. This invention combines solar thermal units with hydrogen energy utilization. Utilizing the higher conversion efficiency of the solar thermal unit panels, the quality of waste heat from hydrogen is improved through solar thermal energy. By adjusting the opening of the first valve group, the flow rates of two streams of hot water—one flowing directly into the second valve group and the other flowing first into the solar thermal unit and then into the second valve group—are regulated. This allows for the adjustment of the temperature of the hot water flowing into the heat exchanger, thereby controlling the quality of the supplied heat energy and flexibly meeting the needs of different heat users. Compared with existing technologies, this invention is more adaptable and flexible, and can provide a wider range of heat energy.

[0020] 2. This invention incorporates energy storage devices for both electrical and thermal energy. The power supply side is equipped with energy storage batteries, and the heating side with heat storage tanks. Therefore, energy storage balancing and regulation can be performed for each type of energy supplied by the device. Existing patents lack energy storage and regulation capabilities, or can only regulate energy for a single type of energy. Compared to existing technologies, this invention effectively solves the problem of instantaneous imbalances in various energy sources during operation, and is more capable of achieving a stable multi-energy supply.

[0021] 3. This invention achieves complete isolation between the water used in the hydrogen fuel cell device and the external circulating water through a heat exchanger. This facilitates easier control of heat exchange between the internal and external circulation, while ensuring the original water quality requirements of the cooling water for the hydrogen fuel cell device. This design allows for flow control adjustment to meet the cooling needs of the fuel cell, improving the stability of the hydrogen fuel cell device. Compared with existing technologies, this invention better ensures the safe and stable operation of the hydrogen fuel cell device.

[0022] 4. This invention enables independent or coupled operation of the power supply, heating, and cooling modules. For scenarios where cooling or heating is not required, the corresponding modules can be shut down or simplified. For example, even when heat exchanger two and the absorption chiller are not operating, the cooling water circulation of the hydrogen fuel cell device can still be guaranteed, and a stable power supply can still be achieved using the cooling water system, improving the safety and reliability of the device operation. Compared with existing technologies, this invention offers higher reliability and is better suited for fault conditions and maintenance.

[0023] 5. This invention improves the quality of waste heat by utilizing solar energy, thereby reducing the equipment requirements for waste heat cooling and improving equipment efficiency.

[0024] 6. The power generation unit of the present invention is designed with safety facilities such as hydrogen concentration monitoring and explosion protection, which are not found in existing patents. The present invention is safer than existing technologies.

[0025] 7. Compared with existing patents, this invention provides a device arrangement scheme, which can more intuitively help technicians understand and apply this invention. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a structural block diagram of a hydrogen-solar hybrid power generation waste heat utilization device suitable for data centers.

[0027] Figure 2 This is a hardware layout diagram of a hydrogen-solar hybrid power generation waste heat utilization device suitable for data centers.

[0028] Figure 3 This is a layout diagram of the solar thermal unit.

[0029] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0030] 1 is a hydrogen fuel cell device, 2 is a heat exchanger, 3 is a circulation pump, 4 is a solar thermal unit, 5 is a heat storage tank, 6 is a cooling and circulation unit, 7 is a power distribution control unit, 8 is an energy storage battery, 9 is the first valve group, 10 is the second valve group, 11 is valve one, 12 is valve two, and 13 is valve three. Detailed Implementation

[0031] Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to enable a more thorough understanding of the present invention and to fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described herein can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0032] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the present invention provides a hydrogen-solar hybrid power generation waste heat utilization device suitable for data centers, comprising a hydrogen fuel cell device 1, a heat exchanger 2, a circulation pump 3, a solar thermal unit 4, a heat storage tank 5, a cooling and circulation unit 6, a power distribution control unit 7, and an energy storage battery 8; hydrogen is supplied to the anode of the hydrogen fuel cell device 1, and air is supplied to the cathode of the hydrogen fuel cell device 1; the electrical energy output by the hydrogen fuel cell device 1 is supplied to the device for its own use and to users via the power distribution control unit 7, and excess electricity is stored in the energy storage battery 8; the hydrogen fuel cell device 1, the heat exchanger 2, and the circulation pump 3 form a cooling water circulation loop; the outlet of the heat exchanger 2 is connected to the cold and heat user supply circuit via the parallel solar thermal unit 4 and the heat storage tank 5, the cold and heat user circuit is connected to the cooling and circulation unit 6, and the outlet of the cooling and circulation unit 6 is connected to the inlet of the heat exchanger 2.

[0033] Among them, heat exchanger 2, solar thermal unit 4, cooling and circulation unit 6, together with cold and hot users, form a circulation loop for waste heat enhancement and utilization.

[0034] Preferably, the outlet of heat exchanger 2 is connected to the inlet of the first valve group 9. The outlet of the first valve group 9 is divided into two paths: one path is directly connected to the inlet of the second valve group 10, and the other path first passes through the solar thermal unit 4 before connecting to the inlet of the second valve group 10. The outlet of the second valve group 10 is divided into two paths: one path is directly supplied to the heating and cooling users, and the other path first passes through the heat storage tank 5 before supplying the heating and cooling users.

[0035] Preferably, there is a parallel pipeline connected to the cooling and heating users, equipped with valve 11; valve 2 12 is installed at the inlet and outlet of the cooling user, and valve 3 13 is installed at the inlet and outlet of the heating user. When cooling and heating users are supplied, valve 2 12 and valve 3 13 are opened, and valve 11 is closed.

[0036] The present invention provides a hydrogen-solar hybrid power generation waste heat utilization device suitable for data centers, the working principle of which is as follows:

[0037] When the cooling demand is greater than the electricity demand, the hydrogen fuel cell device 1 operates at its rated power. When the cooling generated by the heat produced by the hydrogen fuel cell device 1 is insufficient, the water output from the hydrogen fuel cell device 1 is first further enhanced by the solar thermal unit 4, and then, according to demand, most of it is supplied to users of both cooling and heating, while the remainder is stored in the heat storage tank 5.

[0038] When the cooling demand is less than the electricity demand, the excess electricity generated by the hydrogen fuel cell device 1 will be stored in the energy storage battery 8.

[0039] Example:

[0040] A 100kW hydrogen fuel cell device, with a given electrical efficiency of 50%, converts all of its energy into heat, requiring cooling; that is, a cooling load of 50kW. The remaining 50% is waste heat at 80℃. If the absorption and cooling utilization efficiency is 70%, then the cooling capacity obtained is 35kW. An imbalance between heat and cold can be observed.

[0041] To increase solar thermal energy output and obtain 15kW of cooling capacity, the required thermal energy is 21.43kW, with a solar thermal utilization efficiency of approximately 75%.

[0042]

[0043] In the formula, A r —Area of ​​solar thermal panel, square meters;

[0044] Q r —Heat output, kW;

[0045] J – Solar radiation intensity, kJ / m 2 ;

[0046] η—Heat collection efficiency.

[0047] If a photovoltaic + heat pump is used, the missing 15kW of cooling capacity is replaced by heat cooling, with a COP of 2, then the required power is 7.5kW.

[0048]

[0049] A d — Photovoltaic panel area, m 2 ;

[0050] Q d —Electricity generation, kW;

[0051] J – Solar radiation intensity, kJ / m 2 ;

[0052] μ – Power generation efficiency.

[0053] The solar energy area is reduced by 23.7%, and the required solar energy area is smaller than the top area of ​​the container, so an integrated setup can be adopted.

[0054] It should be noted that the descriptions of the above modules only list the main components; in actual implementation, valves and piping facilities are also included.

[0055] Although the present invention has been described in detail above with general descriptions and specific embodiments, modifications or improvements can be made to it, which will be obvious to those skilled in the art. Therefore, all such modifications or improvements made without departing from the spirit of the present invention fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A hydrogen-solar hybrid power generation waste heat utilization device suitable for data centers, characterized in that, It includes a hydrogen fuel cell device (1), a heat exchanger (2), a circulation pump (3), a solar thermal unit (4), a heat storage tank (5), a cooling and circulation unit (6), a power distribution control unit (7), and an energy storage battery (8). Hydrogen is supplied to the anode of the hydrogen fuel cell device (1), and air is supplied to the cathode of the hydrogen fuel cell device (1); The electrical energy output by the hydrogen fuel cell device (1) is used by the device itself and sent to users via the power distribution control unit (7), and excess electricity is stored in the energy storage battery (8); the hydrogen fuel cell device (1), heat exchanger (2) and circulation pump (3) form a cooling water circulation loop; The outlet of the heat exchanger (2) is connected to the cold and heat user supply circuit via the parallel solar thermal unit (4) and the heat storage tank (5). The cold and heat user circuit is connected to the cooling and circulation unit (6). The outlet of the cooling and circulation unit (6) is connected to the inlet of the heat exchanger (2). The heat exchanger (2), the solar thermal unit (4), the cooling and circulation unit (6) together with the cold and hot users form a circulation loop for waste heat enhancement and utilization; The outlet of the heat exchanger (2) is connected to the inlet of the first valve group (9). The outlet of the first valve group (9) is divided into two paths. One path is directly connected to the inlet of the second valve group (10), and the other path first passes through the solar thermal unit (4) and then connects to the inlet of the second valve group (10). The outlet of the second valve group (10) is divided into two paths. One path directly supplies the cold and hot users, and the other path first passes through the heat storage tank (5) and then supplies the cold and hot users. When the demand for cooling is greater than the demand for electricity, the hydrogen fuel cell device (1) operates at its rated power. When the cooling generated by the heat produced by the hydrogen fuel cell device (1) is insufficient, the water output from the hydrogen fuel cell device (1) is first further enhanced by the solar thermal unit (4), and then, according to demand, most of it is used by users of both cooling and heating, while the remaining heat is stored in the heat storage tank (5). When the cooling demand is less than the electricity demand, the excess electricity generated by the hydrogen fuel cell device (1) will be stored in the energy storage battery (8).

2. The hydrogen-solar hybrid power generation waste heat utilization device suitable for data centers according to claim 1, characterized in that, There is a parallel pipeline with the cooling and heating users, and a valve (11) is installed.

3. A hydrogen-solar hybrid power generation waste heat utilization device suitable for data centers according to claim 2, characterized in that, Valve 2 (12) is installed at the inlet and outlet of the cold user.

4. A hydrogen-solar hybrid power generation waste heat utilization device suitable for data centers according to claim 3, characterized in that, Valves 3 (13) are installed at the inlet and outlet of the heat user.

5. A hydrogen-solar hybrid power generation waste heat utilization device suitable for data centers according to claim 4, characterized in that, When supplying cooling and heating users, valves 2 (12) and 3 (13) are opened, and valve 1 (11) is closed.

Images