Solar cell module and preparation method thereof and solar cell

Abstract

The present application provides a solar cell assembly, a preparation method thereof, and a solar cell. The solar cell assembly includes: a substrate; at least two battery cell groups arranged at intervals, located on one side of the substrate, and the battery cell groups are connected in series; each battery cell group includes at least two battery cells connected in parallel, and the battery cell includes a first electrode layer, a functional layer, and a second electrode layer arranged in a stacked manner, and the first electrode layer is located on the side of the functional layer close to the substrate; in the same battery cell group, the functional layers of at least some of the battery cells are arranged at intervals, and at least some of the battery cells share a first electrode layer and / or a second electrode layer. The solar cell assembly has strong mechanical flexibility and strong bending resistance; the damage of a single battery cell has little effect on the performance of the entire solar cell assembly, which is conducive to improving the reliability of the solar cell assembly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of solar cells, and in particular to a solar cell assembly and a preparation method thereof, and a solar cell. Background Art

[0002] The development of semiconductor technology plays a vital role in the progress of the electronics industry. As a new type of semiconductor, perovskite has many advantages such as long carrier diffusion length, high defect tolerance, adjustable band gap, and large absorption coefficient. Compared with traditional organic and inorganic semiconductors, perovskite has a simple preparation process and low cost, which has great advantages in the semiconductor field. Up to now, the efficiency of perovskite solar cells has exceeded 26%, and T95 has exceeded thousands of hours. In addition, it has been studied and applied in light-emitting diodes, detectors, lasers, etc. As an emerging semiconductor material, perovskite shows great potential.

[0003] Solar cells, such as flexible solar cells, have broad application prospects due to their unique properties in flexible products such as building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV), car integrated photovoltaics (CIPV), and wearable electronics. Another example is perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In just over a decade, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of a single perovskite solar cell has approached that of a single-crystal silicon solar cell. However, due to the limitations of related technologies, the performance of flexible solar cells still needs to be improved. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, embodiments of the present application provide a solar cell assembly, a method for preparing the same, and a solar cell.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present application provides a solar cell assembly, the solar cell assembly comprising:

[0006] substrate;

[0007] at least two spaced-apart battery cell groups located on one side of the substrate, the battery cell groups being connected in series with each other;

[0008] Each battery cell group includes at least two battery cells connected in parallel to each other, the battery cell includes a first electrode layer, a functional layer and a second electrode layer which are stacked, and the first electrode layer is located on a side of the functional layer close to the substrate;

[0009] In the same battery cell group, the functional layers of at least some of the battery cells are arranged at intervals, and at least some of the battery cells share a first electrode layer and / or a second electrode layer.

[0010] In one embodiment, the first electrode layer includes a plurality of first electrode portions disposed at intervals, and / or the second electrode layer includes a plurality of second electrode portions disposed at intervals;

[0011] In the same battery cell group, the functional layers of the plurality of battery cells are arranged at intervals; adjacent battery cells share a first electrode portion; or adjacent battery cells share a second electrode portion.

[0012] In one embodiment, it further includes: a bus conductive layer, the bus conductive layer including a first bus conductive portion extending along the first direction and a second bus conductive portion extending along the second direction;

[0013] In the same battery cell group, a plurality of battery cells are sequentially spaced apart along a first direction;

[0014] In the same battery cell group, a plurality of battery cells arranged along a first direction share a first electrode portion extending along the first direction, a plurality of second electrode portions extending along a second direction are electrically connected to the first bus conductive portion, and the first electrode portion extending along the first direction is electrically connected to the second bus conductive portion; or, in the same battery cell group, a plurality of battery cells arranged along a first direction share a second electrode portion extending along the first direction, a plurality of first electrode portions extending along the second direction are electrically connected to the first bus conductive portion, and the second electrode portion extending along the first direction is electrically connected to the second bus conductive portion;

[0015] The first direction intersects the second direction.

[0016] In one embodiment, it further includes: a bus conductive layer, the bus conductive layer including a first bus conductive portion extending along the first direction and a second bus conductive portion extending along the second direction;

[0017] In the same battery cell group, at least three battery cells are included, and the battery cells are sequentially spaced along the first direction and the second direction respectively;

[0018] In the same battery cell group, a plurality of first electrode portions extend along the first direction, and the plurality of first electrode portions are arranged at intervals along the second direction; a plurality of second electrode portions extend along the second direction, and the plurality of second electrode portions are arranged at intervals along the first direction; the battery cells arranged along the first direction share the same first electrode portion, the battery cells arranged along the second direction share the same second electrode portion, the plurality of first electrode portions are electrically connected to the same second bus conductive portion, and the plurality of second electrode portions are electrically connected to the same first bus conductive portion;

[0019] Alternatively, in the same battery cell group, a plurality of first electrode portions extend along the second direction, and the plurality of first electrode portions are arranged at intervals along the first direction; a plurality of second electrode portions extend along the first direction, and the plurality of second electrode portions are arranged at intervals along the second direction; the battery cells arranged along the first direction share the same second electrode portion, the battery cells arranged along the second direction share the same first electrode portion, the plurality of second electrode portions are electrically connected to the same second bus conductive portion, and the plurality of first electrode portions are electrically connected to the same first bus conductive portion;

[0020] The first direction intersects the second direction.

[0021] In one embodiment, in the same battery cell group, in at least two first electrode portions spaced apart along the first direction or spaced apart along the second direction, the number of battery cells sharing the same first electrode portion is the same;

[0022] And / or, in the same battery cell group, in at least two second electrode portions arranged at intervals along the first direction or arranged at intervals along the second direction, the number of battery cells sharing the same second electrode portion is the same.

[0023] In one embodiment, the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction.

[0024] In one embodiment, the battery cells arranged along the first direction share the same first electrode portion, and along the second direction, the width of the functional layer is greater than the width of the first electrode portion;

[0025] And / or, the battery cells arranged along the second direction share a same second electrode portion, and along the first direction, the width of the second electrode portion is smaller than the width of the functional layer.

[0026] In one embodiment, the battery cells arranged along the first direction share the same second electrode portion, and along the second direction, the width of the functional layer is greater than the width of the second electrode portion;

[0027] And / or, the battery cells arranged along the second direction share a same first electrode portion, and along the first direction, the width of the first electrode portion is smaller than the width of the functional layer.

[0028] In one embodiment, adjacent battery cell groups are connected in series.

[0029] In one embodiment, in adjacent battery cell groups, the second electrode portion in the preceding battery cell group is electrically connected to the first bus conductive portion, the first electrode portion in the following battery cell group is electrically connected to the second bus conductive portion, and the first bus conductive portion electrically connected to the preceding battery cell group is electrically connected to the second bus conductive portion electrically connected to the following battery cell group;

[0030] Alternatively, the second electrode portion in the previous battery cell group is electrically connected to the second bus conductive portion, and the first electrode portion of the subsequent battery cell group is electrically connected to the first bus conductive portion; the second bus conductive portion electrically connected to the previous battery cell group is electrically connected to the first bus conductive portion electrically connected to the subsequent battery cell group.

[0031] In one embodiment, at least a portion of the bus conductive layer is disposed on the same layer as the first electrode portion, or at least a portion of the bus conductive layer is disposed on the same layer as the second electrode portion.

[0032] In one embodiment, the material of the first bus conductive portion is the same as the material of the second bus conductive portion;

[0033] and / or, the material of the bus conductive layer is the same as the material of the first electrode layer, or the material of the bus conductive layer is the same as the material of the second electrode layer;

[0034] and / or, the first electrode layer comprises a transparent conductive material;

[0035] and / or, along a direction perpendicular to the substrate, the thickness of the first electrode layer is 100 nm-500 nm;

[0036] And / or, the material of the second electrode layer includes at least one of metal, transparent conductive oxide and carbon.

[0037] In one embodiment, the transparent conductive material includes a conductive oxide.

[0038] In one embodiment, the transparent conductive material includes indium tin oxide and / or fluorine-doped tin oxide.

[0039] A second aspect of the present application provides a method for preparing a solar cell module, the method comprising:

[0040] providing a substrate;

[0041] At least two battery cell groups are arranged at intervals and connected in series with each other on one side of the substrate, wherein the battery cell group includes at least two battery cells connected in parallel with each other, and the method for preparing the battery cell group includes:

[0042] preparing a first electrode layer on one side of the substrate;

[0043] Prepare at least two mutually spaced functional layers on a side of the same first electrode layer away from the substrate;

[0044] A second electrode layer is prepared on the side of the functional layer away from the substrate to obtain at least two battery cells; in the same battery cell group, at least some of the battery cells share the same first electrode layer and / or the same second electrode layer.

[0045] In one embodiment, the solar cell assembly further includes a busbar conductive layer, which is disposed on the same layer as the first electrode layer; preparing the first electrode layer on one side of the substrate includes:

[0046] A bus conductive layer and a first electrode layer are prepared on one side of the substrate.

[0047] In one embodiment, preparing a bus conductive layer and a first electrode layer on one side of a substrate includes:

[0048] A patterned first conductive layer is prepared on one side of the substrate by using a vacuum physical deposition method with a mask plate to obtain a busbar conductive layer and a plurality of first electrode portions arranged at intervals;

[0049] Alternatively, a first conductive material layer is prepared on one side of the substrate, and the first conductive material layer is patterned to obtain a busbar conductive layer and a plurality of first electrode portions spaced apart from each other.

[0050] In one embodiment, preparing the second electrode layer on the side of the functional layer away from the substrate includes: preparing a patterned second conductive layer on the side of the functional layer away from the substrate by using a vacuum physical deposition method with a mask to obtain a plurality of second electrode portions arranged at intervals;

[0051] Alternatively, a second conductive material layer is prepared on a side of the functional layer away from the substrate, and the second conductive material layer is patterned to obtain a plurality of second electrode portions that are spaced apart.

[0052] In one embodiment, the solar cell assembly further includes a busbar conductive layer, which is disposed on the same layer as the second electrode layer; and preparing the second electrode layer on a side of the functional layer away from the substrate includes:

[0053] A busbar conductive layer and a plurality of second electrode portions arranged at intervals are prepared on a side of the functional layer away from the substrate.

[0054] In one embodiment, preparing a busbar conductive layer and a plurality of second electrode portions spaced apart on a side of the functional layer away from the substrate comprises:

[0055] A second conductive material layer is prepared on a side of the functional layer away from the substrate, and the second conductive material layer is patterned to obtain a busbar conductive layer and a plurality of second electrode portions arranged at intervals;

[0056] Alternatively, a second conductive layer is prepared on one side of the substrate by using a vacuum physical deposition method with a mask plate to obtain a busbar conductive layer and a plurality of second electrode portions arranged at intervals.

[0057] A third aspect of the present application provides a solar cell, which includes the solar cell assembly described above, or includes the solar cell assembly prepared by the preparation method described above.

[0058] In the solar cell assembly of the embodiment of the present application, the battery cells in the same battery cell group are connected in parallel, and the battery cells in different battery cell groups are connected in series. The battery cells do not interfere with each other, and the damage of a single battery cell of the solar cell assembly under the action of external force has little effect on the performance of the entire solar cell assembly, which is conducive to improving the reliability of the solar cell assembly. Moreover, the functional layers are spaced between the parallel battery cells, so that there is a buffer zone between the battery cells, which is conducive to reducing the stress on the functional layer when the solar cell assembly is deformed, and is conducive to improving the mechanical flexibility of the solar cell assembly, thereby improving the bending resistance and reliability of the solar cell assembly. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0059] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a solar cell assembly in one embodiment of the present application.

[0060] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of a solar cell assembly in another embodiment of the present application.

[0061] Figure 3 This is a schematic structural diagram of a solar cell assembly in another embodiment of the present application.

[0062] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the solar cell module along the AA' direction.

[0063] Figure 5 This is a schematic structural diagram of a solar cell assembly in another embodiment of the present application.

[0064] Figure 6 for Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the solar cell module along the BB' direction.

[0065] Figure 7 This is a schematic structural diagram of a solar cell assembly in another embodiment of the present application.

[0066] Figure 8 This is a schematic structural diagram of a solar cell assembly in another embodiment of the present application.

[0067] Fig. 9 This is a schematic structural diagram of a solar cell assembly in another embodiment of the present application.

[0068] Fig.10 This is a schematic structural diagram of a solar cell assembly in another embodiment of the present application.

[0069] Fig.11 This is a schematic structural diagram of a solar cell assembly in another embodiment of the present application.

[0070] Fig.12This is a schematic structural diagram of a solar cell assembly in another embodiment of the present application.

[0071] Fig.13 This is a schematic structural diagram of a solar cell assembly in another embodiment of the present application.

[0072] Fig.14 This is a schematic structural diagram of a solar cell assembly in another embodiment of the present application.

[0073] Fig.15 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a battery cell in one embodiment of the present application.

[0074] Fig.16 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a battery unit in another embodiment of the present application.

[0075] Fig.17 This is a schematic structural diagram of a solar cell assembly in another embodiment of the present application.

[0076] Fig.18 This is a schematic structural diagram of a solar cell assembly in another embodiment of the present application.

[0077] Fig.19 This is a schematic structural diagram of a solar cell assembly in another embodiment of the present application.

[0078] Fig. 20 This is a schematic structural diagram of a solar cell assembly in another embodiment of the present application.

[0079] Fig.21 This is a schematic diagram of a process for preparing a solar cell module in one embodiment of the present application.

[0080] Fig. 22 This is a schematic flow chart of a method for preparing a solar cell module in another embodiment of the present application.

[0081] Figure 23 to Figure 25 This is a schematic diagram of the preparation process of a solar cell module in one embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0082] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0083] In addition, in order to better illustrate the present application, numerous specific details are given in the following specific embodiments. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present application can also be implemented without certain specific details. In some examples, methods and means well known to those skilled in the art are not described in detail in order to highlight the subject matter of the present application.

[0084] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, further definition and explanation thereof is not required in subsequent drawings.

[0085] In addition, the terms “first”, “second”, etc., if used, are merely used to distinguish between the descriptions and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0086] In current perovskite flexible solar cells, in order to improve the mechanical flexibility of the perovskite photoactive layer, the perovskite solution formula is optimized, and additives such as thermoplastic polyether ester elastomer (TPEE) are added to reconstruct the surface modulus of the perovskite layer to disperse stress and avoid stress concentration; however, additives may affect the crystallization process of perovskite, and organic materials have poor stability during long-term operation, which has a negative impact on the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of solar cells, and the cost of additives is also high.

[0087] In view of this, the first aspect of the present application provides a solar cell assembly, referring to Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 5 , Fig.17 and Fig.18 The schematic diagram of the structure of the solar cell module shown in FIG. Figure 4 and Figure 6 The schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a solar cell assembly shown in the figure comprises: a substrate 100; at least two battery cell groups 200 arranged at intervals, located on one side of the substrate 100, and the battery cell groups 200 are connected in series with each other; each battery cell group 200 comprises at least two battery cells 210 connected in parallel, and the battery cell 210 comprises a first electrode layer 211, a functional layer 212, and a second electrode layer 213 arranged in a stacked manner, and the first electrode layer 211 is located on a side of the functional layer 212 close to the substrate 100; in the same battery cell group 200, the functional layers 212 of at least some of the battery cells 210 are arranged at intervals, and at least some of the battery cells 210 share a first electrode layer 211 (see for details) Figure 3 , Fig.17 and Figure 4 ) and / or share a second electrode layer 213 (see Figure 5 , Fig.18 and Figure 6 ).

[0088] It should be noted that when the battery cells 210 share a first electrode layer 211 and a second electrode layer 213 , an insulating layer is disposed between the functional layers 212 to avoid a short circuit caused by direct contact between the first electrode layer 211 and the second electrode layer 213 .

[0089] In the solar cell assembly of the embodiment of the present application, the battery cells 210 in the same battery cell group 200 are connected in parallel, and different battery cell groups 200 are connected in series. The battery cells 210 work independently without interfering with each other. Even if one or more battery cells 210 in the solar cell assembly are damaged under the action of external force, because the battery cells 210 in the same battery cell group 200 are connected in parallel, the damage of one or more battery cells 210 will not affect the operation of other battery cells 210, and the performance of the entire solar cell assembly will be less affected, which is conducive to improving the reliability of the solar cell assembly. Moreover, between the parallel battery cells 210, the multiple functional layers 212 are spaced apart, so that there is a buffer zone 201 between the battery cells (the buffer zone 201 can be specifically referred to Fig.13 ), which is beneficial to reducing the stress on the functional layer 212, the first electrode layer 211 and the second electrode layer 213 when the solar cell module is deformed, and is beneficial to improving the mechanical flexibility of the solar cell module, thereby improving the bending resistance and reliability of the solar cell module.

[0090] In one embodiment, referring to Figure 5 In the same battery cell group 200, the functional layers 212 of the plurality of battery cells 210 are arranged at intervals; the first electrode layer 211 includes a plurality of first electrode portions 2111 arranged at intervals, and adjacent battery cells 210 share a second electrode layer 213; or, referring to Figure 3 The second electrode layer 213 includes a plurality of second electrode portions 2131 arranged at intervals; adjacent battery cells 210 share a first electrode layer 211 .

[0091] It is understandable that, referring to Fig.13 The functional layers 212 are spaced apart, the first electrode layer 211 includes a plurality of spaced apart first electrode portions 2111, and the second electrode layer 213 includes a plurality of spaced apart second electrode portions 2131, so that the outer peripheral side of the battery unit 210 has a buffer zone 201, which is beneficial to reducing the stress on the functional layer 212, the first electrode layer 211 and the second electrode layer 213 when the solar cell module is deformed.

[0092] For example, Figure 3As shown, multiple second electrode portions 2131 in the same battery cell group 200 are electrically connected to the wire 110, and the second electrode portion 2131 of the previous battery cell 210 is connected to the first electrode layer 211 of the next battery cell 210 through the wire 110 between adjacent battery cell groups 200 to achieve series connection; or Figure 5 As shown, the first electrode portion 2111 in the same battery cell group 200 is electrically connected to the same wire 110, and the first electrode portion 2111 of the previous battery cell 210 and the second electrode layer 213 of the next battery cell 210 are connected in series through the wire 110 between adjacent battery cell groups 200. Alternatively, Fig.17 As shown, multiple second electrode portions 2131 in the same battery cell group 200 are electrically connected to the same bus conductive layer 300, and adjacent battery cell groups 200 are connected in series by connecting the second electrode portion 2131 of the previous battery cell 210 with the first electrode portion 2111 of the next battery cell 210 through the bus conductive layer 300; or Fig.18 As shown, multiple first electrode portions 2111 in the same battery cell group 200 are electrically connected to the same bus conductive layer 300, and adjacent battery cell groups 200 are connected in series by connecting the first electrode portion 2111 of the previous battery cell 210 with the second electrode portion 2131 of the next battery cell 210 through the bus conductive layer 300. Figure 3 and Figure 5 The parallel connection between multiple battery cells 210 in the same battery cell group 200 and the series connection between battery cell groups 200 through the wire 110 shown in the figure is one of the implementation methods and cannot be used as a limitation to the present application. Fig.17 and Fig.18 The parallel connection between multiple battery cells 210 in the same battery cell group 200 and the series connection between battery cell groups 200 through the bus conductive layer 300 shown in the figure is another implementation method and cannot be used as a limitation to the present application.

[0093] It can be understood that the spacing between the functional layers of the battery cells in the same battery cell group is greater than 0, the spacing between the first electrode portions is greater than 0, and the spacing between the second electrode portions is greater than 0, which can meet the requirements of the buffer zone in the solar cell module; the greater the spacing between the functional layers of the battery cells in the same battery cell group, the higher the transparency of the solar cell module. In actual application scenarios, such as BIPV and CIPV application scenarios, the spacing between the functional layers of the battery cells in the same battery cell group can be flexibly selected according to actual conditions.

[0094] In one embodiment, referring to Figure 7 and Figure 8 The schematic diagram of the structure of the solar cell assembly shown in FIG. 1 shows that the battery cell groups 200 connected in series can be adjacent to each other (see Figure 8 ) can also be non-adjacent (see Figure 7 ), preferably, adjacent battery cell groups 200 are connected in series in sequence, thereby shortening the length of the first bus conductive part and the second bus conductive part between the battery cell groups, reducing internal resistance, reducing current loss, and improving the PCE efficiency of the solar cell module.

[0095] In one embodiment, the solar cell assembly further includes: a busbar conductive layer 300, the busbar conductive layer 300 includes a first busbar conductive portion 310 extending along a first direction a and a second busbar conductive portion 320 extending along a second direction; in the same battery cell group 200, a plurality of battery cells 210 are sequentially arranged in intervals along the first direction a; specifically, Fig. 9 , Fig.10 , Fig.11 and Fig.13 In the structural schematic diagram of the solar cell assembly shown in FIG. 1 , in the same battery cell group 200, a plurality of battery cells 210 arranged along the first direction a share a first electrode portion 2111 extending along the first direction a, a plurality of second electrode portions 2131 extending along the second direction b are electrically connected to the first busbar conductive portion 310, and the first electrode portion 2111 extending along the first direction a is electrically connected to the second busbar conductive portion 320; or, specifically, refer to Fig.14 , Fig.19 and Fig. 20 The structural schematic diagram of the solar cell assembly shown in the figure shows that, in the same battery cell group 200, multiple battery cells 210 arranged along the first direction a share the same second electrode portion 2131 extending along the first direction a, multiple first electrode portions 2111 extending along the second direction b are electrically connected to the first bus conductive portion 310, and the second electrode portion 2131 extending along the first direction a is electrically connected to the second bus conductive portion 320.

[0096] It should be noted that the first direction a intersects with the second direction b; the angle between the first direction a and the second direction b may be an acute angle, an obtuse angle, or a right angle, for example, 30°, 60°, or 90°, etc. In a preferred embodiment, the first direction a is perpendicular to the second direction b, so that when the solar cell assembly is bent, the force is more uniform and it is less likely to damage the film layers in the battery unit 210, the first electrode layer 211, and the second electrode layer 213.

[0097] In one embodiment, the material of the first bus conductive portion is the same as the material of the second bus conductive portion. Thus, the first bus conductive portion and the second bus conductive portion can be prepared by a single preparation process.

[0098] In one embodiment, the solar cell assembly further includes: a busbar conductive layer 300, the busbar conductive layer 300 includes a first busbar conductive portion 310 extending along a first direction a and a second busbar conductive portion 320 extending along a second direction b; in the same battery cell group 200, at least three battery cells 210 are included, and the battery cells 210 are arranged in sequence along the first direction a and the second direction b; refer to Fig. 9 , Fig.10 , Fig.11 and Fig.13 In the same battery cell group 200, a plurality of first electrode portions 2111 extend along the first direction a, and a plurality of first electrode portions 2111 are arranged at intervals along the second direction b; a plurality of second electrode portions 2131 extend along the second direction b, and a plurality of second electrode portions 2131 are arranged at intervals along the first direction a; the battery cells 210 arranged along the first direction a share the same first electrode portion 2111, and the battery cells 210 arranged along the second direction b share the same second electrode portion 2131, the plurality of first electrode portions 2111 are electrically connected to the same second bus conductive portion 320, and the plurality of second electrode portions 2131 are electrically connected to the same first bus conductive portion 310; or, specifically refer to Fig.14 In the same battery cell group 200, multiple first electrode portions 2111 extend along the second direction b, and multiple first electrode portions 2111 are arranged at intervals along the first direction a; multiple second electrode portions 2131 extend along the first direction a, and multiple second electrode portions 2131 are arranged at intervals along the second direction b; the battery cells 210 arranged along the first direction a share the same second electrode portion 2131, and the battery cells 210 arranged along the second direction b share the same first electrode portion 2111, the multiple second electrode portions 2131 are electrically connected to the same second bus conductive portion 320, and the multiple first electrode portions 2111 are electrically connected to the same first bus conductive portion 310.

[0099] It should be noted that in Fig. 9 and Fig.10 In the example, the same battery cell group 200 contains three battery cells 210, and the number of battery cells 210 sharing the same first electrode portion 2111 is different. In this case, although the distribution density of the battery cells 210 can be reduced, the area of ​​the buffer zone 201 is larger, which is beneficial to improve the transparency of the solar cell module. However, the battery cells 210 are asymmetrically arranged, and when flexible deformation occurs, the stress distribution in the functional layer, the first electrode portion, and the second electrode portion is relatively uneven. Fig.11 and Fig.12 In the same battery cell group 200, there are 4 battery cells 210 arranged in an array. Figure 13 to Figure 14In the same battery cell group 200, 9 battery cells 210 are arranged in an array. The intervals between the functional layers can be flexibly selected according to actual conditions, which can effectively ensure the area of ​​the buffer zone and further ensure the transparency of the solar cell module. When flexible deformation occurs, the stress distribution in the functional layer, the first electrode portion and the second electrode portion is relatively uniform, and the film layer is not prone to breakage, thereby making the solar cell module more suitable for flexible solar cells.

[0100] In one embodiment, referring to Figures 9 to 13 In the same battery cell group 200, in at least two first electrode portions 2111 spaced apart along the first direction a, the number of battery cells 210 sharing the same first electrode portion 2111 may be the same (see Fig.11 , Fig.12 and Fig.13 ), or they may be different (see Fig. 9 and Fig.10 ). Preferably, in the same battery cell group 200, in at least two first electrode portions 2111 spaced apart along the first direction a, the number of battery cells 210 sharing the same first electrode portion 2111 may be the same. Thus, when flexible deformation occurs, the stress distribution in the functional layer, the first electrode portion and the second electrode portion is relatively uniform, and the film layer is not prone to breakage, thereby making the solar cell assembly more suitable for flexible solar cells.

[0101] In one embodiment, in the same battery cell group, in at least two first electrode portions spaced apart along the second direction, the number of battery cells sharing the same first electrode portion may be the same or different, preferably the same. In one embodiment, in the same battery cell group, in at least two second electrode portions spaced apart along the first direction or spaced apart along the second direction, the number of battery cells sharing the same second electrode portion may be the same or different, preferably the same.

[0102] Exemplarily, the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction, the battery cells are arranged in rows and columns, the row direction can be the first direction, the column direction can be the second direction, the number of battery cells in each row can be equal or unequal; the number of battery cells in each column can be equal or unequal. In a preferred embodiment, the number of battery cells in each row is equal, and the number of battery cells in each column is equal. When the solar cell module is bent, the force is more uniform, the functional layer is not prone to film breakage or cracks, and the probability of device damage in the solar cell module is low, which is suitable for flexible solar cells.

[0103] In one embodiment, referring to Fig.13The schematic diagram of the structure of the solar cell assembly shown in the figure shows that in the same battery cell group 200, the battery cells 210 are arranged in rows and columns at intervals, the row direction is a first direction a, and the column direction is a second direction b. In the same battery cell group 200, the battery cells 210 arranged in the row direction share a first electrode portion 2111, and the battery cells 210 arranged in the column direction share a second electrode portion 2131. In one embodiment, referring to Fig.14 The schematic diagram of the structure of the solar cell assembly shown in the figure shows that in the same battery cell group 200, the battery cells 210 are arranged in rows and columns at intervals, the row direction is the first direction a, and the column direction is the second direction b. In the same battery cell group 200, the battery cells 210 arranged in the row direction share the second electrode portion 2131, and the battery cells 210 arranged in the column direction share the first electrode portion 2111. As a result, the outer peripheral side of the battery cell 210 in the solar cell assembly has a buffer zone, which is conducive to reducing the stress on the functional layer, the first electrode portion and the second electrode portion in the battery cell 210, improving the mechanical flexibility of the solar cell assembly, and having a strong bending resistance; and when the solar cell assembly is applied to a transparent solar cell, the light transmittance of the solar cell is high, which is conducive to the preparation of a semi-transparent device, so that the solar cell is suitable for application scenarios such as photovoltaic building integration, vehicle-mounted photovoltaics and wearable devices.

[0104] In one embodiment, referring to Fig.11 , the battery cells 210 arranged along the first direction a share the same first electrode portion 2111, and along the second direction b, the width W1 of the functional layer 212 is greater than the width W2 of the first electrode portion 2111. Therefore, the wider width of the functional layer 212 is beneficial to avoid the second electrode portion 2131 being electrically connected to the first electrode portion 2111 and causing a short circuit, thereby improving the reliability of the battery. If the width W1 of the functional layer 212 is less than the width W2 of the first electrode portion 2111, the second electrode portion 2131 is likely to extend along the outer peripheral side of the functional layer toward the first electrode portion 2111 and be electrically connected to the first electrode portion 2111, resulting in a short circuit.

[0105] In one embodiment, referring to Fig.11 , the battery cells 210 arranged along the second direction b share the same second electrode portion 2131, and along the first direction a, the width W3 of the second electrode portion 2131 is smaller than the width W4 of the functional layer 212. Therefore, the smaller width of the second electrode portion 2131 is beneficial to avoid the second electrode portion 2131 being electrically connected to the first electrode portion 2111 and causing a short circuit, thereby improving the reliability of the battery. If the width W3 of the second electrode portion 2131 is greater than the width W4 of the functional layer 212, the second electrode portion 2131 is likely to extend along the outer peripheral side of the functional layer toward the first electrode portion 2111 and be electrically connected to the first electrode portion 2111, causing a short circuit.

[0106] In one embodiment, referring to Fig.14 The battery cells 210 arranged along the first direction a share the same second electrode portion 2131, and along the second direction b, the width W5 of the functional layer 212 is greater than the width W6 of the second electrode portion 2131; the battery cells 210 arranged along the second direction b share the same first electrode portion 2111, and along the first direction a, the width W7 of the first electrode portion 2111 is less than the width W8 of the functional layer 212. Thus, the short circuit caused by the electrical connection between the second electrode portion 2131 and the first electrode portion 2111 can be effectively avoided, thereby improving the reliability of the battery.

[0107] In one embodiment, in adjacent battery cell groups 200, the second electrode portion 2131 in the preceding battery cell group 200 is electrically connected to the first bus conductive portion 310, and the first electrode portion 2111 in the succeeding battery cell group 200 is electrically connected to the second bus conductive portion 320 (see for details). Fig. 9 , Fig.10 , Fig.11 , Fig.12 and Fig.13 ); the first busbar conductive portion 310 electrically connected to the previous battery cell group 200 is electrically connected to the second busbar conductive portion 320 electrically connected to the next battery cell group 200. In another embodiment, the second electrode portion 2131 in the previous battery cell group 200 is electrically connected to the second busbar conductive portion 320, and the first electrode portion 2111 in the next battery cell group 200 is electrically connected to the first busbar conductive portion 310 (see for details) Fig.14 ), the second bus conductive portion 320 electrically connected to the previous battery cell group 200 is electrically connected to the first bus conductive portion 310 electrically connected to the next battery cell group 200. Thus, the first bus conductive portion 310 and the second bus conductive portion 320 are used to realize the series connection between adjacent battery cell groups 200, and the parallel connection between battery cells 210 in the same battery cell group 200.

[0108] In one embodiment, the orthographic projection of the second electrode portion 2131 of the previous battery cell group 200 on the substrate 100 partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the bus conductive layer 300 on the substrate 100, and the orthographic projection of the first electrode portion 2111 of the next battery cell group 200 on the substrate 100 partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the bus conductive layer 300 on the substrate 100. In another embodiment, the orthographic projection of the first electrode portion 2111 of the previous battery cell group 200 on the substrate 100 partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the bus conductive layer 300 on the substrate 100, and the orthographic projection of the second electrode portion 2131 of the next battery cell group 200 on the substrate 100 partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the bus conductive layer 300 on the substrate 100. Thus, the solar cell module utilizes its own film layer structure to realize the series connection between adjacent battery cell groups and the parallel connection between battery cells in the same battery cell group, without the need for other lead structures, simplifying the preparation process, and the solar cell module has stronger stability and higher PCE efficiency.

[0109] In one embodiment, the material of the bus conductive layer is the same as that of the first electrode layer. Therefore, it is advantageous to use the same material to prepare the bus conductive layer and the first electrode layer through a single process, saving preparation steps and reducing production costs. Fig. 9 , Fig.11 , Fig.12 , Fig.13 and Fig.14 In the structural schematic diagram of the solar cell assembly shown, at least a portion of the busbar conductive layer 300 is disposed on the same layer as the first electrode layer 211 .

[0110] Exemplarily, at least part of the bus conductive layer 300 and the first electrode layer 211 are disposed on the same layer, including the following situations: 1. All the bus conductive layers 300 and the first electrode layer 211 are disposed on the same layer (for details, please refer to Fig.11 ); 2. The first bus conductive portion 310 is disposed on the same layer as the first electrode layer 211 (not shown in the figure); 3. The second bus conductive portion 320 is disposed on the same layer as the first electrode layer 211 (for details, please refer to Fig.13 ).

[0111] In another embodiment, the material of the bus conductive layer is the same as the material of the second electrode layer. Therefore, it is advantageous to use the same material to prepare the bus conductive layer and the second electrode layer through a one-time process, saving preparation steps and reducing production costs. Fig.10 In the structural schematic diagram of the solar cell assembly shown, at least a portion of the busbar conductive layer 300 is disposed on the same layer as the second electrode layer 213 .

[0112] In one embodiment, the first electrode layer and the substrate are transparent, thereby facilitating the production of a transparent solar cell module, which is suitable for application scenarios such as photovoltaic building integration, vehicle-mounted photovoltaics, and wearable devices.

[0113] In one embodiment, the first electrode layer comprises a transparent conductive material; preferably, the transparent conductive material comprises a transparent conductive oxide (TCO), preferably indium tin oxide (ITO) and / or fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO). In one embodiment, along a direction perpendicular to the substrate, the thickness of the first electrode layer is 100 nm-500 nm, for example, 100 nm, 200 nm, 300 nm, 400 nm or 500 nm. Thus, the first electrode layer has an appropriate thickness, good conductivity, relatively small square resistance, and relatively high transparency.

[0114] In a specific embodiment, referring to Fig.15 The schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the battery unit shown in the figure, the battery unit 210 includes: a first electrode layer 211, a first transmission layer 2121, located on the surface of the first electrode layer 211 away from the substrate 100; a photoactive layer 2122, located on the surface of the first transmission layer 2121 away from the substrate 100; an interface passivation layer 2123, located on the surface of the photoactive layer 2122 away from the substrate 100; a second transmission layer 2124, located on the surface of the interface passivation layer 2123 away from the substrate 100; a second electrode layer 213, located on the surface of the second transmission layer 2124 away from the substrate 100. In this embodiment, the functional layer 212 includes the first transmission layer 2121, the photoactive layer 2122, the interface passivation layer 2123 and the second transmission layer 2124. In a specific embodiment, refer to Fig.16 The cross-sectional structure schematic diagram of the solar cell assembly shown in the figure, the battery unit 210 includes: a first electrode layer 211, a first transmission layer 2121, located on the surface of the first electrode layer 211 away from the substrate 100; a photoactive layer 2122, located on the surface of the first transmission layer 2121 away from the substrate 100; an auxiliary functional layer 2125, located on the surface of the photoactive layer 2122 away from the substrate 100; a second transmission layer 2124, located on the surface of the auxiliary functional layer 2125 away from the substrate 100; a second electrode layer 213, located on the surface of the second transmission layer 2124 away from the substrate 100. In this embodiment, the functional layer 212 includes the first transmission layer 2121, the photoactive layer 2122, the auxiliary functional layer 2125 and the second transmission layer 2124.

[0115] It is understandable that the first transport layer 2121 may be an electron transport layer, and the second transport layer 2124 may be a hole transport layer, which will not be described in detail here. The auxiliary function layer and the interface passivation layer are commonly used materials in conventional solar cell modules, which will not be described in detail here. The photoactive layer includes perovskite.

[0116] In one embodiment, the material of the second electrode layer includes at least one of metal, transparent conductive oxide and carbon. Thus, the second electrode layer has better conductivity. Exemplarily, the metal includes at least one of gold (Au), silver (Ag) and copper (Cu) or a combination or alloy of two thereof. Exemplarily, the transparent conductive oxide includes indium tin oxide and / or fluorine-doped tin oxide.

[0117] It is understandable that the substrate of the solar cell module can be a flexible substrate, which is conducive to obtaining a flexible solar cell module and broadening the application scenarios of the solar cell module.

[0118] The second aspect of the present application provides a method for preparing a solar cell module, referring to Fig.21 A schematic diagram of a method for preparing a solar cell module is shown, and Figure 23 to Figure 25 The schematic diagram of the preparation process of the solar cell assembly shown is a schematic diagram of the preparation process of the solar cell assembly, and the preparation method includes the following steps.

[0119] S100: providing a substrate.

[0120] It should be noted that the substrate is consistent with the previous description and will not be elaborated here.

[0121] S200: preparing at least two battery cell groups that are spaced apart and connected in series on one side of a substrate.

[0122] Exemplarily, the battery cell group includes at least two battery cells connected in parallel with each other. Fig. 22 The schematic flow chart of the method for preparing a solar cell module is shown. The method for preparing a solar cell module includes the following steps.

[0123] S210: Prepare a first electrode layer on one side of the substrate, see Fig.23 .

[0124] Exemplarily, in the same battery cell group, at least some of the battery cells share the first electrode layer.

[0125] For example, refer to Fig.23 The first electrode layer 211 includes a plurality of first electrode portions 2111 extending along the first direction and spaced apart along the second direction.

[0126] It should be noted that the substrate and the first electrode layer are consistent with the above description and will not be elaborated herein.

[0127] In one embodiment, the solar cell assembly further includes a busbar conductive layer, and the busbar conductive layer is disposed in the same layer as the first electrode layer; preparing the first electrode layer on one side of the substrate includes: preparing the busbar conductive layer and the first electrode layer on one side of the substrate. In a specific embodiment, preparing the busbar conductive layer and the first electrode layer on one side of the substrate includes: preparing the busbar conductive layer and a plurality of first electrode portions disposed at intervals on one side of the substrate. Thus, the busbar conductive layer and the first electrode layer are prepared through one process, saving preparation processes, shortening process time, and reducing costs.

[0128] Exemplarily, the first electrode layer and the bus conductive layer are made of the same material, and the bus conductive layer and the first electrode layer are prepared through one process.

[0129] Exemplarily, preparing the busbar conductive layer and the first electrode layer on one side of the substrate includes: preparing a patterned first conductive layer on one side of the substrate by using a vacuum physical deposition method with a mask plate to obtain the busbar conductive layer and a plurality of first electrode portions arranged at intervals. Thus, the preparation method is simple, convenient, and easy to implement; without the need for external metal leads or laser etching processes, the formation is performed in one step, which is conducive to reducing the difficulty of the preparation process of the solar cell module and lowering the cost.

[0130] Exemplarily, preparing the busbar conductive layer and the first electrode layer on one side of the substrate includes: preparing a first conductive material layer on one side of the substrate, and patterning the conductive material layer to obtain the busbar conductive layer and a plurality of first electrode portions spaced apart. It is understandable that patterning the conductive material layer includes photolithography, chemical etching, or laser cutting.

[0131] S220: preparing at least two mutually spaced functional layers on a side of the same first electrode layer away from the substrate, for details, see Fig.24 .

[0132] It should be noted that the functional layer is consistent with the previous description and will not be elaborated here.

[0133] In one embodiment, preparing at least two mutually spaced functional layers on a side of the same first electrode layer away from the substrate includes: preparing a functional material layer on a side of the same first electrode layer away from the substrate using a vacuum physical deposition method with a mask to obtain at least two mutually spaced functional layers. Thus, the preparation method is simple, convenient, and easy to implement.

[0134] In one embodiment, the functional layer includes a first transmission layer, a photoactive layer and a second electrode layer. The first transmission layer can be prepared by vacuum physical deposition with a mask or by first forming an entire material layer and then performing photolithography, chemical etching or laser cutting. Preferably, vacuum physical deposition with a mask is used.

[0135] S230: Prepare a second electrode layer on the side of the functional layer away from the substrate to obtain at least two battery cells, see Fig.25 .

[0136] Exemplarily, in the same battery cell, adjacent battery cells share the second electrode layer.

[0137] In one embodiment, referring to Fig.25 The second electrode layer 213 includes a plurality of second electrode portions 2131 extending along the second direction and spaced apart along the first direction.

[0138] It should be noted that the second electrode layer is consistent with the above description and will not be elaborated herein.

[0139] In one embodiment, preparing a second electrode layer on a side of the functional layer away from the substrate includes: preparing a second conductive layer on a side of the functional layer away from the substrate by vacuum physical deposition with a mask, to obtain a plurality of second electrode portions arranged at intervals. Thus, the preparation method is simple, convenient, and easy to implement, and the second electrode layer is almost not electrically connected to the first electrode layer, thereby improving the manufacturing yield. For example, referring to Fig.11 When the functional layer is prepared by vacuum physical deposition in combination with a mask, along the second direction b, the width W1 of the functional layer 212 is greater than the width W2 of the first electrode portion 2111. At this time, the functional layer extends along the side wall of the first electrode portion 2111 toward the substrate 100 and covers at least part of the side wall of the first electrode portion 2111; when the functional layer is prepared by vacuum physical deposition in combination with a mask, along the first direction a, the width W3 of the second electrode portion 2131 is less than the width W4 of the functional layer 212. At this time, the second electrode portion 2131 extends along the side wall of the functional layer toward the substrate 100 and covers at least part of the side wall of the functional layer 212.

[0140] In one embodiment, preparing the second electrode layer on the side of the functional layer away from the substrate includes: preparing a second conductive material layer on the side of the functional layer away from the substrate, and patterning the second conductive material layer to obtain a plurality of second electrode portions spaced apart.

[0141] In one embodiment, the solar cell assembly also includes a bus conductive layer, which is arranged on the same layer as the second electrode layer; preparing the second electrode layer on the side of the functional layer away from the substrate includes: preparing a bus conductive layer and a plurality of spaced-apart second electrode portions on the side of the functional layer away from the substrate.

[0142] In one embodiment, preparing a busbar conductive layer and a plurality of second electrode portions spaced apart on a side of the functional layer away from the substrate includes: preparing a second conductive layer on a side of the functional layer away from the substrate by vacuum physical deposition with a mask, to obtain a busbar conductive layer and a plurality of second electrode portions spaced apart. Thus, the preparation method is simple and convenient, easy to implement, does not require etching, and does not damage the performance of the functional layer.

[0143] In one embodiment, preparing a busbar conductive layer and a plurality of spaced-apart second electrode portions on a side of the functional layer away from the substrate includes: preparing a second conductive material layer on a side of the functional layer away from the substrate, and patterning the second conductive material layer to obtain a busbar conductive layer and a plurality of spaced-apart second electrode portions.

[0144] In one embodiment, the photoactive layer and the second electrode layer are prepared by vacuum physical deposition in combination with a mask. Therefore, the preparation method is simple and convenient, easy to implement, does not require etching, and will not damage the performance of the photoactive layer.

[0145] A third aspect of the present application provides a solar cell, which includes the solar cell assembly described above, or includes the solar cell assembly prepared by the preparation method described above.

[0146] It is understandable that the solar cell mentioned above, in addition to the solar cell assembly mentioned above, may also include structures that a conventional solar cell should have, such as a packaging structure, a housing, etc., which will not be elaborated herein.

[0147] In the solar cell of the embodiment of the present application, the battery cells in the battery cell group are connected in parallel, and the battery cells work independently without affecting each other. When the solar cell is subjected to external force, damage to a single battery cell has little effect on the entire solar cell. The battery cells are spaced so that there are buffer zones between the battery cells, so that the stress on the functional layer, the first electrode portion, and the second electrode portion in the battery cells is reduced, thereby improving the mechanical flexibility of the solar cell. The buffer zone is conducive to the transmission of light, thereby improving the light transmittance of the solar cell.

[0148] For example, the above-mentioned solar cells can be applied to fields such as BIPV and CIPV.

[0149] The basic principles of the present application are described above in conjunction with specific embodiments. However, it should be noted that the advantages, strengths, effects, etc. mentioned in the present application are only examples and not limitations, and it cannot be considered that these advantages, strengths, effects, etc. are required by each embodiment of the present application. In addition, the specific details disclosed above are only for the purpose of illustration and ease of understanding, not for limitation, and the above details do not limit the present application to being implemented by adopting the above specific details.

[0150] The above description has been given for the purpose of illustration and description. In addition, this description is not intended to limit the embodiments of the present application to the forms disclosed herein. Although multiple example aspects and embodiments have been discussed above, those skilled in the art will recognize certain variations, modifications, changes, additions and sub-combinations thereof.

Claims

1. A solar cell module, characterized in that: include: substrate; At least two battery cell groups arranged at intervals are located on one side of the substrate, and the battery cell groups are connected in series with each other; each of the battery cell groups includes at least two battery cells connected in parallel with each other, and the battery cells include a first electrode layer, a functional layer, and a second electrode layer arranged in a stacked manner, and the first electrode layer is located on a side of the functional layer close to the substrate; the first electrode layer includes a plurality of first electrode portions arranged at intervals, and / or the second electrode layer includes a plurality of second electrode portions arranged at intervals; A bus conductive layer; the bus conductive layer comprises a first bus conductive portion extending along a first direction and a second bus conductive portion extending along a second direction; wherein the first direction intersects with the second direction; In the same battery cell group, a plurality of battery cells are sequentially spaced apart and arranged along a first direction; In the same battery cell group, the plurality of battery cells arranged along the first direction share the same first electrode portion extending along the first direction, the plurality of second electrode portions extending along the second direction are electrically connected to the first bus conductive portion, and the first electrode portion extending along the first direction is electrically connected to the second bus conductive portion; or, in the same battery cell group, the plurality of battery cells arranged along the first direction share the same second electrode portion extending along the first direction, the plurality of first electrode portions extending along the second direction are electrically connected to the first bus conductive portion, and the second electrode portion extending along the first direction is electrically connected to the second bus conductive portion; In the same battery cell group, the functional layers of a plurality of the battery cells are arranged at intervals; and a buffer zone is provided between adjacent battery cells.

2. The solar cell assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the same battery cell group, at least three battery cells are included, and the battery cells are sequentially spaced along the first direction and the second direction respectively; In the same battery cell group, a plurality of the first electrode portions extend along the first direction, and a plurality of the first electrode portions are arranged at intervals along the second direction; a plurality of the second electrode portions extend along the second direction, and a plurality of the second electrode portions are arranged at intervals along the first direction; The battery cells arranged along the first direction share the same first electrode portion, the battery cells arranged along the second direction share the same second electrode portion, a plurality of the first electrode portions are electrically connected to the same second bus conductive portion, and a plurality of the second electrode portions are electrically connected to the same first bus conductive portion; Alternatively, in the same battery cell group, multiple first electrode portions extend along the second direction, and multiple first electrode portions are spaced apart along the first direction; multiple second electrode portions extend along the first direction, and multiple second electrode portions are spaced apart along the second direction; the battery cells arranged along the first direction share the same second electrode portion, and the battery cells arranged along the second direction share the same first electrode portion, multiple second electrode portions are electrically connected to the same second bus conductive portion, and multiple first electrode portions are electrically connected to the same first bus conductive portion.

3. The solar cell assembly according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the same battery cell group, in at least two first electrode portions spaced apart along the first direction or spaced apart along the second direction, the number of battery cells sharing the same first electrode portion is the same; And / or, in the same battery cell group, in at least two second electrode portions arranged at intervals along the first direction or arranged at intervals along the second direction, the number of battery cells sharing the same second electrode portion is the same.

4. The solar cell assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The first direction is perpendicular to the second direction.

5. The solar cell module according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The battery cells arranged along the first direction share the same first electrode portion, and along the second direction, the width of the functional layer is greater than the width of the first electrode portion; And / or, the battery cells arranged along the second direction share a same second electrode portion, and along the first direction, a width of the second electrode portion is smaller than a width of the functional layer.

6. The solar cell assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The battery cells arranged along the first direction share the same second electrode portion, and along the second direction, the width of the functional layer is greater than the width of the second electrode portion; And / or, the battery cells arranged along the second direction share the same first electrode portion, and along the first direction, the width of the first electrode portion is smaller than the width of the functional layer.

7. The solar cell module according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The adjacent battery cell groups are connected in series in sequence.

8. The solar cell assembly according to claim 7, characterized in that: In the adjacent battery cell groups, the second electrode portion in the previous battery cell group is electrically connected to the first bus conductive portion, the first electrode portion in the next battery cell group is electrically connected to the second bus conductive portion, and the first bus conductive portion electrically connected to the previous battery cell group is electrically connected to the second bus conductive portion electrically connected to the next battery cell group; Alternatively, the second electrode portion in the previous battery cell group is electrically connected to the second bus conductive portion, and the first electrode portion of the subsequent battery cell group is electrically connected to the first bus conductive portion; the second bus conductive portion electrically connected to the previous battery cell group is electrically connected to the first bus conductive portion electrically connected to the subsequent battery cell group.

9. The solar cell assembly according to claim 8, characterized in that: At least a portion of the bus conductive layer is disposed on the same layer as the first electrode portion, or at least a portion of the bus conductive layer is disposed on the same layer as the second electrode portion.

10. The solar cell assembly according to claim 9, characterized in that: The material of the first bus conductive portion is the same as the material of the second bus conductive portion; And / or, the material of the bus conductive layer is the same as that of the first electrode layer, or the material of the bus conductive layer is the same as that of the second electrode layer; And / or, the first electrode layer comprises a transparent conductive material; And / or, along a direction perpendicular to the substrate, the thickness of the first electrode layer is 100 nm-500 nm; And / or, the material of the second electrode layer includes at least one of metal, transparent conductive oxide and carbon.

11. The solar cell assembly according to claim 10, characterized in that: The first electrode layer includes a transparent conductive material, and the transparent conductive material includes a conductive oxide.

12. The solar cell assembly according to claim 11, characterized in that: The transparent conductive material includes indium tin oxide and / or fluorine-doped tin oxide.

13. A method for preparing a solar cell module, characterized in that: The preparation method comprises: providing a substrate; At least two battery cell groups are prepared on one side of the substrate and are arranged at intervals and connected in series with each other. The battery cell group includes at least two battery cells connected in parallel with each other. The preparation method of the battery cell group includes: A busbar conductive layer and a first electrode layer are prepared on one side of the substrate, wherein the first electrode layer includes a plurality of first electrode portions arranged at intervals, and the busbar conductive layer and the first electrode layer are arranged in the same layer; Prepare at least two mutually spaced functional layers on a side of the same first electrode layer away from the substrate; A second electrode layer is prepared on a side of the functional layer away from the substrate to obtain at least two battery cells, wherein the second electrode layer includes a plurality of second electrode portions arranged at intervals; in the same battery cell group, the functional layers of a plurality of the battery cells are arranged at intervals, and a buffer zone is provided between adjacent battery cells; Alternatively, the method for preparing the battery cell group includes: Preparing a first electrode layer on one side of the substrate, wherein the first electrode layer includes a plurality of first electrode portions arranged at intervals; Prepare at least two mutually spaced functional layers on a side of the same first electrode layer away from the substrate; A busbar conductive layer and a second electrode layer are prepared on a side of the functional layer away from the substrate to obtain at least two battery cells, wherein the second electrode layer includes a plurality of second electrode portions arranged at intervals, and the busbar conductive layer and the second electrode layer are arranged in the same layer; in the same battery cell group, the functional layers of the plurality of battery cells are arranged at intervals, and a buffer zone is provided between adjacent battery cells; Wherein, the bus conductive layer includes a first bus conductive portion extending along a first direction and a second bus conductive portion extending along a second direction; in the same battery cell group, a plurality of the battery cells are arranged in sequence and spaced apart along the first direction; in the same battery cell group, a plurality of the battery cells arranged along the first direction share a first electrode portion extending along the first direction, a plurality of the second electrode portions extending along the second direction are electrically connected to the first bus conductive portion, and the first electrode portion extending along the first direction is electrically connected to the second bus conductive portion; or, in the same battery cell group, a plurality of the battery cells arranged along the first direction share a second electrode portion extending along the first direction, a plurality of the first electrode portions extending along the second direction are electrically connected to the first bus conductive portion, and the second electrode portion extending along the first direction is electrically connected to the second bus conductive portion; wherein, the first direction intersects with the second direction.

14. The preparation method according to claim 13, characterized in that: The step of preparing a busbar conductive layer and a first electrode layer on one side of the substrate comprises: A patterned first conductive layer is prepared on one side of the substrate by using a vacuum physical deposition method with a mask plate to obtain a busbar conductive layer and a plurality of first electrode portions arranged at intervals; Alternatively, a first conductive material layer is prepared on one side of the substrate, and the first conductive material layer is patterned to obtain a busbar conductive layer and a plurality of first electrode portions spaced apart.

15. The preparation method according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that: The preparing the second electrode layer on the side of the functional layer away from the substrate comprises: preparing a patterned second conductive layer on the side of the functional layer away from the substrate by using a vacuum physical deposition method with a mask to obtain a plurality of second electrode portions arranged at intervals; Alternatively, a second conductive material layer is prepared on a side of the functional layer away from the substrate, and the second conductive material layer is patterned to obtain a plurality of second electrode portions that are spaced apart.

16. The preparation method according to claim 13, characterized in that: The step of preparing a busbar conductive layer and a second electrode layer on a side of the functional layer away from the substrate comprises: Preparing a second conductive material layer on a side of the functional layer away from the substrate, and patterning the second conductive material layer to obtain a busbar conductive layer and a plurality of second electrode portions spaced apart; Alternatively, a second conductive layer is prepared on one side of the substrate by using a vacuum physical deposition method with a mask plate to obtain a busbar conductive layer and a plurality of second electrode portions spaced apart.

17. A solar cell, characterized in that: A solar cell module comprising the solar cell module according to any one of claims 1 to 12, or a solar cell module prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 13 to 16.

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