Efficient planting method of olea europaea and konjac under forest

Abstract

The application discloses an efficient planting method for oil olive and under-forest konjak, and relates to the technical field of agricultural planting. The application provides a formula nutrient soil and a planting method for efficient planting of oil olive and under-forest konjak. The application innovates the configuration method of the nutrient soil, fully utilizes waste materials such as residual pomace of olive oil processing and corn stalks, configures the nutrient soil, and applies the nutrient soil to base fertilizers of the oil olive and konjak planting, so that the waste planting materials are effectively utilized, and the influence of the fertilizer on the soil is reduced. The application achieves the balance of soil, fertilizer and water management of the olive garden and the konjak, and achieves the purpose of simultaneous high yield of the forest and the under-forest. The application improves the method of directly planting the konjak in the garden, and changes the method to planting the konjak in nutrient pots, so that the problem of soil pollution caused by serious root rot and the problem of being unable to plant in the same field are solved. The application improves the planting method of the konjak bud head upward, avoids the problem of easy water accumulation in the conventional planting method, and avoids the problem of too concentrated water, which causes damage to the bud head, and serious damage caused by pests and diseases.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural planting technology, and more specifically to a method for efficient planting of olives and konjac under forest cover. Background Technology

[0002] Olive is a world-renowned woody oilseed tree species. Its olive oil, processed from its fruit, is a famous healthy edible oil, rich in monounsaturated fatty acids, squalene, flavonoids, and polyphenols. These compounds can enhance human immunity, prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and delay aging, making it a globally recognized healthy edible oil. However, due to its specific growth requirements, its suitable growing area in my country is limited. The Jinsha River valley, at an altitude of 1400–2100m, falls within the suitable olive growing area. However, the region's consistently high temperature and humidity result in vigorous soil organic matter formation and decomposition, but low humus accumulation. Under continuous decomposition and strong leaching, the soil organic matter content is low, leading to significant loss of elements such as calcium, potassium, and magnesium. The soil texture is heavy and compacted, with poor aeration, making it susceptible to drought and flooding. Fertility is poor, and soil quality cannot be effectively improved, resulting in low land utilization and hindering effective increases in olive yield.

[0003] Therefore, how to improve and overcome the above-mentioned technical obstacles is a problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides a high-efficiency planting method for olives and konjac under forest cover. A formula for compound fertilizer is used to create formulated nutrient soil by utilizing olive pomace, agricultural waste straw, and other materials. This effectively improves the soil in olive orchards by recycling waste. Simultaneously, the natural shading effect of olive trees is utilized to plant konjac in nutrient pots within the orchard, which not only increases konjac yield but also solves the problem of severe root rot leading to disease problems in continuous cropping. Based on increasing olive yield, a virtuous cycle of olive + konjac cultivation is formed, improving the overall yield of the plantation.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A high-efficiency nutrient soil formula for planting olives and konjac under forest cover, comprising ingredients A, B, and C, by weight percentage: Ingredient A consists of 30% olive oil pomace, 40% crushed corn stalks, and 22% crushed sheep manure; Ingredient B is 7.5% of a compound fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio of 15:15:15; and Ingredient C is 0.5% phorate granules by weight.

[0007] This invention also provides a method for efficient cultivation of olives and konjac under forest cover, comprising the following steps:

[0008] (1) Formulated nutrient soil: Prepare raw materials according to the above formula nutrient soil, ferment raw material A fully, and then mix it with material B and material C;

[0009] (2) Site selection;

[0010] (3) Olive orchard management: Prune and shape the olive trees in the olive orchard; turn over the soil in the olive orchard, dig trenches after turning over the soil, apply formula nutrient soil, cover with soil, make tree basins, and water for the first time; the following year, water the orchard for the second time, and after watering, make ridges outside the trenches.

[0011] (4) Selection of konjac seeds and nutrient pots: Select konjac seeds, soak them, take them out and dry them; spray the konjac seeds with fungicide; select nutrient pots for planting;

[0012] (5) Planting process: In mid-March, put the topsoil of the olive garden into the nutrient pot, then put in the formulated nutrient soil, and then put in the topsoil of the olive garden again; put a konjac seed in the center of the nutrient pot, sprinkle a small amount of quicklime around the konjac seed, and cover it with topsoil; place according to the width of the ridge.

[0013] (6) Water and fertilizer management: From March to April, water only the olive trees within the tree basin to keep them moist, and apply nitrogen and boron fertilizers respectively; from May to August, apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer to the olive trees; do not water the konjac in the early stage of planting, and keep it moist from May to August; if infected nutrient pots are found, destroy and disinfect them.

[0014] (7) Harvest konjac in August: collect fresh konjac fruits; collect and dispose of waste from the nutrient pots in a unified manner; keep the remaining soil in the nutrient pots in place, disinfect it, and then deeply plow it into the garden after the fresh olive fruits are harvested.

[0015] (8) Harvest fresh olives in September and October, and combine harvesting and pruning in one process.

[0016] Preferred: Step (1) Fermentation time: 30 days; Fermentation location: fermentation tank.

[0017] Preferred: Step (2) specifically involves: selecting an olive orchard with olive trees that are more than 5 years old and a soil pH value between 6.5 and 7.

[0018] Preferred method: Step (3) specifically involves: In October and November of the previous year, the olive trees in the olive orchard are pruned and shaped, with the tree height controlled at 3.5-4.5m and the trunk height controlled at 100cm. The tree shape is mainly open-center and round-headed. In November, the entire olive orchard is tilled to a depth of 30cm. Fifteen days after tilling, a circular trench is dug along the outer projection of the tree canopy, and formula nutrient soil is applied at a rate of 30kg / tree. The soil is then covered, a tree basin is made, and the first watering is performed. In late February of the following year, the orchard is watered for the second time. Fifteen days after watering, ridges are made outside the circular trench along the tree spacing, with a ridge height of 30cm and a width of 1.5m.

[0019] Preferred method: Step (4) specifically involves: selecting disease-free and wound-free Amorphophallus konjac seeds that have been planted for two years, with each seed weighing 60-100g, soaking them in a solution of 10 million units of agricultural streptomycin wettable powder diluted in 25kg of water for 1.5 hours, then removing them and drying them for 2 days; spraying the Amorphophallus konjac seeds with a 500-fold dilution of 50% carbendazim water solution, and then drying them; and planting them in black plastic nutrient pots with a size of 40×50cm.

[0020] Preferred: Step (5) is as follows: In mid-March, put 5cm of olive garden topsoil into the nutrient pot, then put 10cm of the above-mentioned formula nutrient soil, and then put 5cm of olive garden topsoil; put a konjac seed in the center of the nutrient pot, with the sprout tilted at an angle of 45° to 60° to the ground, sprinkle a small amount of quicklime around the konjac seed, and cover it with new soil; place 3-4 pots / row according to the width of the ridge, and place them in the same row.

[0021] Preferred method: Step (6) specifically involves maintaining the soil moisture in the orchard at 45-60% from March to April. During this period, only the olive trees are watered within the tree basin to maintain moisture, and 0.2 kg of nitrogen fertilizer and 0.2 kg of boron fertilizer are applied to each tree. From May to August, the soil moisture in the orchard is maintained at 55-65%, and 2 kg of compound fertilizer with a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 15:15:15 is applied to each olive tree.

[0022] Do not water during the initial stage of konjac cultivation; maintain soil moisture at 25-30% and from May to August, maintain moisture at 30-45%. If root rot is found, causing the plant to turn yellow and wither, remove and destroy the infected pots immediately, and spray a small amount of quicklime at the original location of the pots for disinfection.

[0023] Preferred method: Step (7) is as follows: use a sickle to cut open the nutrient pot and harvest the fresh konjac fruit; discard the nutrient pot and recycle it in a unified manner; leave the remaining soil in the nutrient pot in place, spray it with 50% carbendazim wettable powder at 500 times dilution and 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate at 1000 times dilution and mix it until the soil is fully moistened, and then deeply plow it into the garden after the olives are harvested in November; use it again when planting konjac in the second year.

[0024] This invention also provides the application of the above-mentioned formula nutrient soil or any of the above-mentioned planting methods in agricultural production and agricultural product processing.

[0025] As can be seen from the above technical solution, compared with the prior art, the present invention discloses a method for efficient cultivation of olives and konjac under forest cover, and the technical effects achieved are as follows:

[0026] An innovative method for preparing nutrient soil has been developed, making full use of waste materials such as olive oil processing residues and corn stalks to create nutrient soil that can be applied as a base fertilizer for olives and for konjac cultivation. This method effectively utilizes planting waste materials while reducing the impact of fertilizers on the soil. It achieves a balance in soil, fertilizer, and water management for both olive orchards and konjac orchards, ultimately leading to high yields both above and below the trees.

[0027] The method of planting konjac directly in the garden was improved by using nutrient pots, which solved the problem of soil pollution caused by severe root rot, making continuous cropping impossible.

[0028] An improved planting method for konjac shoots with the shoots facing upwards (the shoots are tilted at an angle of 45° to 60° to the ground) avoids the problems of water accumulation and excessive moisture concentration that occur when the shoots are placed upright in conventional planting, which can lead to shoot damage and serious pest and disease problems. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] This invention discloses an efficient cultivation method for olives and konjac under forest cover.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] A high-efficiency nutrient soil formula for planting olives and konjac under forest cover, comprising ingredients A, B, and C, by weight percentage: Ingredient A consists of 30% olive oil pomace, 40% crushed corn stalks, and 22% crushed sheep manure; Ingredient B is 7.5% of a compound fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio of 15:15:15; and Ingredient C is 0.5% phorate granules by weight.

[0033] High-efficiency cultivation methods for olives and konjac under forest cover include the following steps:

[0034] (1) Formulated nutrient soil: Prepare raw materials according to the above formula nutrient soil, ferment raw material A fully, and then mix it with material B and material C;

[0035] (2) Site selection;

[0036] (3) Olive orchard management: Prune and shape the olive trees in the olive orchard; turn over the soil in the olive orchard, dig trenches after turning over the soil, apply formula nutrient soil, cover with soil, make tree basins, and water for the first time; the following year, water the orchard for the second time, and after watering, make ridges outside the trenches.

[0037] (4) Selection of konjac seeds and nutrient pots: Select konjac seeds, soak them, take them out and dry them; spray the konjac seeds with fungicide; select nutrient pots for planting;

[0038] (5) Planting process: In mid-March, put the topsoil of the olive garden into the nutrient pot, then put in the formulated nutrient soil, and then put in the topsoil of the olive garden again; put a konjac seed in the center of the nutrient pot, sprinkle a small amount of quicklime around the konjac seed, and cover it with topsoil; place according to the width of the ridge.

[0039] (6) Water and fertilizer management: From March to April, water only the olive trees within the tree basin to keep them moist, and apply nitrogen and boron fertilizers respectively; from May to August, apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer to the olive trees; do not water the konjac in the early stage of planting, and keep it moist from May to August; if infected nutrient pots are found, destroy and disinfect them.

[0040] (7) Harvest konjac in August: collect fresh konjac fruits; collect and dispose of waste from the nutrient pots in a unified manner; keep the remaining soil in the nutrient pots in place, disinfect it, and then deeply plow it into the garden after the fresh olive fruits are harvested.

[0041] (8) Harvest fresh olives in September and October, and combine harvesting and pruning in one process.

[0042] To further optimize the technical solution: Step (1) Fermentation time: 30 days; Fermentation location: fermentation tank.

[0043] To further optimize the technical solution: Step (2) specifically involves selecting an olive orchard with olive trees that are more than 5 years old (in this embodiment, the planting density is 4×5m on a slope), and the soil pH value is between 6.5 and 7.

[0044] To further optimize the technical solution: Step (3) is as follows: In October and November of the first year, the olive trees in the olive orchard are pruned and shaped, with the tree height controlled at 3.5-4.5m and the trunk height controlled at 100cm. The tree shape is mainly open-center and round-headed. In November, the entire olive orchard is turned over to a depth of 30cm. 15 days after the turning is completed, a circular trench is dug along the outer projection of the tree crown, and formula nutrient soil is applied, 30kg / tree. The soil is covered, tree basins are made, and the first watering is done. In late February of the following year, the orchard is watered for the second time. 15 days after watering, ridges are made outside the circular trench along the tree spacing, with a ridge height of 30cm and a width of 1.5m.

[0045] To further optimize the technical solution: Step (4) is as follows: Select disease-free and wound-free Amorphophallus konjac seeds that have been planted for two years. Each seed weighs 60-100g. Soak the seeds in 25kg of water with 10 million units of agricultural streptomycin wettable powder for 1.5 hours. Remove and dry for 2 days. Spray the Amorphophallus seeds with 50% carbendazim water solution diluted 500 times. After spraying, dry them. Select black plastic nutrient pots with a size of 40×50cm for planting.

[0046] To further optimize the technical solution: Step (5) is as follows: In mid-March, put 5cm of olive garden topsoil into the nutrient pot, then put 10cm of the above-mentioned formula nutrient soil, and then put 5cm of olive garden topsoil; put a konjac seed in the center of the nutrient pot, with the sprout tilted at an angle of 45° to 60° to the ground, sprinkle a small amount of quicklime around the konjac seed, and cover it with new soil; place 3-4 pots / row according to the width of the ridge, and place them in the same row.

[0047] To further optimize the technical solution: Step (6) is as follows: From March to April, the soil moisture in the orchard is maintained at 45-60%. During this period, only the olive trees are watered within the tree basin to keep them moist, and 0.2 kg of nitrogen fertilizer and 0.2 kg of boron fertilizer are applied to each tree. From May to August, the soil moisture in the orchard is maintained at 55-65%. A compound fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 15:15:15 is applied to the olive trees at 2 kg per tree.

[0048] Do not water during the initial stage of konjac cultivation; maintain soil moisture at 25-30% and from May to August, maintain moisture at 30-45%. If root rot is found, causing the plant to turn yellow and wither, remove and destroy the infected pots immediately, and spray a small amount of quicklime at the original location of the pots for disinfection.

[0049] To further optimize the technical solution: Step (7) is as follows: use a sickle to cut open the nutrient pot and harvest the fresh konjac fruit; discard the nutrient pot and recycle it in a unified manner; leave the remaining soil in the nutrient pot in place, spray it with 50% carbendazim wettable powder at 500 times dilution and 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate at 1000 times dilution until the soil is fully moistened, and then deeply plow it into the garden after the olives are harvested in early November; use it again when planting konjac in the second year.

[0050] Example 2

[0051] The difference from Example 1 is that step (2) specifically involves selecting an olive orchard with olive trees that are more than 5 years old (in this example, it is a flat olive orchard with a planting density of 5×6m).

[0052] Comparative test

[0053] Experiment 1: Same as Example 1;

[0054] Experiment 2: Same as Example 2;

[0055] Control group: The conventional method of planting olive and konjac together was used as the control group. The main difference from the example was that the formula nutrient soil was replaced with 15:15:15 compound fertilizer; in step (3), the olive trees were pruned in a conventional way; in step (4), nutrient pots were not used, so in step (5), konjac was planted directly on the ridges between the olive rows (without tilting the buds).

[0056] A three-year planting and control experiment was conducted, and the yields of olives and konjac in the experimental and control groups were statistically analyzed. See Table 1 for the results.

[0057] Table 1. Yield Measurement of Olive and Konjac Plantations (Understory)

[0058]

[0059]

[0060] As can be seen from the table above, 1. In the first year, the yield of olives and konjac planted using the present invention was much higher than that of conventional planting; the survival rate of konjac planted using the present invention was higher than that of the control, and the incidence of diseases and pests was lower than that of the control; among them, the ventilation and light conditions of konjac planted on slopes (experiment group 1) were better than those planted on flat land (experiment group 2), and the incidence of diseases and pests of konjac was lower than that of olive orchards on flat land.

[0061] In the second year, olive yield decreased, but this is a normal physiological response. In the control group, konjac was continuously cropped in the second year; the survival rate of konjac plants using this invention was significantly higher than the control, and the disease incidence was lower.

[0062] In the third year, the olive trees planted using this invention had a much higher yield than the control due to the use of the formulated fertilizer and the fact that the soil was not affected by the planting of konjac. The control plants, due to continuous cropping, had soil damage and a lower survival rate of konjac than those planted using this invention. The incidence of diseases was also high, making them unsuitable for continuous cropping.

[0063] In summary, 1. The formula fertilizer prepared according to this invention increases the yield of olives and konjac; 2. Planting konjac in the same plot for three consecutive years using this invention can effectively improve the survival rate of seedlings and reduce the incidence of pests and diseases, fundamentally solving the problem of continuous cropping of konjac in the same plot; 3. Olives and konjac planted using this invention can achieve high and stable yields, with significant effects.

[0064] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0065] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for efficient cultivation of olives and konjac under forest cover, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Formula nutrient soil: Prepare raw materials according to the formula nutrient soil. After fully fermenting and mixing raw material A, mix it with material B and material C. (2) Site selection; (3) Olive orchard management: Prune and shape the olive trees in the olive orchard; turn over the soil in the olive orchard, dig trenches after turning over the soil, apply formula nutrient soil, cover with soil, make tree basins, and water for the first time; the following year, water the orchard for the second time, and after watering, make ridges outside the trenches; (4) Selection of konjac seeds and nutrient pots: Select konjac seeds, soak them, take them out and dry them; spray the konjac seeds with fungicide; select nutrient pots for planting; (5) Planting process: In mid-March, put the topsoil of the olive garden into the nutrient pot, then put the formula nutrient soil, and then put the topsoil of the olive garden again; put a konjac seed in the center of the nutrient pot, sprinkle a small amount of quicklime around the konjac seed, and cover it with topsoil; place according to the width of the ridge. (6) Water and fertilizer management: In March and April, water the olive trees only within the tree basin to keep them moist, and apply nitrogen and boron fertilizers respectively; apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer to the olive trees from May to August; Do not water konjac during the initial planting stage; keep it moist from May to August. If any infected nutrient pots are found, destroy and disinfect them. (7) Harvest konjac in August: collect fresh konjac fruits; collect and dispose of waste from the nutrient pots in a unified manner; keep the remaining soil in the nutrient pots in place, disinfect it, and then deeply plow it into the garden after the fresh olive fruits are harvested. (8) Harvest fresh olives in September and October, and combine harvesting and pruning in one process; The raw materials for the formulated nutrient soil include Material A, Material B, and Material C, which, by mass percentage, are as follows: Material A comprises 30% olive oil pomace, 40% crushed corn stalks, and 22% crushed sheep manure; Material B is 7.5% compound fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio of 15:15:15; and Material C is 0.5% phorate granules by mass. The fermentation time in step (1) is 30 days; the fermentation location is a fermentation tank. Step (3) is as follows: In October and November of the first year, the olive trees in the olive orchard are pruned and shaped, with the tree height controlled at 3.5-4.5 m and the trunk height controlled at 100 cm. The tree shape is mainly open-center and round-headed. In November, the entire olive orchard is tilled to a depth of 30 cm. Fifteen days after tilling, a circular trench is dug along the outer projection of the tree canopy, and formula nutrient soil is applied at 30 kg / tree. The soil is then covered, tree basins are made, and the first watering is done. In late February of the following year, the orchard is watered for the second time. Fifteen days after watering, ridges are made outside the circular trench along the tree spacing, with a ridge height of 30 cm and a width of 1.5 m. Step (5) is as follows: In mid-March, put 5 cm of olive garden topsoil into the nutrient pot, then put 10 cm of the nutrient soil according to the formula, and then put 5 cm of olive garden topsoil; put a konjac seed in the center of the nutrient pot, with the sprout tilted at an angle of 45°~60° to the ground, sprinkle a small amount of quicklime around the konjac seed, and cover it with new soil; place 3-4 pots / row according to the width of the ridge, and place them in the same row; Step (6) is as follows: From March to April, the soil moisture in the orchard is maintained at 45-60%. During this period, only the olive trees are watered within the tree basin to keep them moist, and 0.2 kg of nitrogen fertilizer and 0.2 kg of boron fertilizer are applied to each tree. From May to August, the soil moisture in the orchard is maintained at 55-65%. 2 kg of compound fertilizer with a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 15:15:15 is applied to each olive tree. Do not water konjac in the early stage of planting. Keep the soil moisture at 25-30%. From May to August, keep the moisture at 30-45%. Remove and destroy any nutrient pots that have been infected with root rot and have turned yellow and withered. Spray a small amount of quicklime to disinfect the original location of the nutrient pots.

2. The planting method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Step (2) specifically involves selecting an olive orchard with olive trees that are more than 5 years old and a soil pH value between 6.5 and 7.

3. The planting method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, Step (4) is as follows: Select disease-free and wound-free Amorphophallus konjac seeds that have been planted for two years. Each seed should weigh 60-100 g. Soak the seeds in 25 kg of water with 10 million units of agricultural streptomycin wettable powder for 1.5 hours. Remove the seeds and let them dry for 2 days. Spray the Amorphophallus seeds with 50% carbendazim water solution diluted 500 times. After spraying, let them dry. Select black plastic nutrient pots with a size of 40×50cm for planting.

4. The planting method as described in claim 3, characterized in that, Step (7) is as follows: use a sickle to cut open the nutrient pot and harvest the fresh konjac fruit; discard the nutrient pot and recycle it in a unified manner; leave the remaining soil in the nutrient pot in place, spray it with 50% carbendazim wettable powder at 500 times dilution and 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate at 1000 times dilution and mix it until the soil is fully moistened, and then deeply plow it into the garden after the olives are harvested in November; use it again when planting konjac in the second year.

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