A method for cultivating south apple dwarf high-yield seedlings in southeast Jiangxi province

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of south of Jiangxi southeast area southern apple dwarf high yield seedling cultivation method, comprising the following steps: S1.the selection of seedling stock: selection wild Hubei mallows as seedling stock; Wild mallows fruit is collected in autumn to carry out fruit, seed separation, dry and keep to February of the second year to carry out sowing, can obtain qualified seedling stock in March of the second year;S2.the selection and cultivation of intermediate stock;S3.apple seedling cultivation.The dwarf high yield apple seedling cultivated by the present application is completely suitable for the high temperature, high humidity, environment of this area;Finished product southern apple dwarf seedling has five big features of tree dwarf, can be densely planted, easy to manage, early fruiting, quick effect, high yield, good quality, economic use land, light resource, easy to variety update.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of fruit tree cultivation, in particular to a south apple dwarfing high-yield tree seedling cultivation method in southeast Jiangxi. BACKGROUND

[0002] After the success of south apple planting, the yield has been maintained at about 3000 jin for more than ten years, while the yield of apple in the main producing area of north apple has been maintained at more than 5000 jin.

[0003] For example, the patent for invention with publication number CN106665260A discloses a method suitable for south apple tree seedling cultivation, comprising the following steps: step 1: grafting, after the beginning of spring, selecting a peach tree as a stock, grafting the budding branch of an apple tree on the stock, applying a flower wood wound protector at the joint and wrapping the joint with a small piece of plastic film of a convenient bag; step 2: ring stripping the stock, in April of the same year, after the new shoots of the apple tree branch grow more than 10 cm, ring stripping the main stem of the stock once, the ring stripping width is 1 / 5 to 1 / 3 of the length of the diameter of the main stem, applying a flower wood wound protector at the ring stripping place and wrapping it; step 3: transplanting, in March of the next year, the seedling is dug out from the soil and the root is wrapped with soil loosening and grass rope; step 4: plowing the land, after being exposed to the sun for 1-2 weeks, spraying insecticides in the soil to remove pests in the soil; step 5: digging a hole, the hole is 0.5-1 m deep and 1-1.5 m in diameter; step 6: applying base fertilizer, filling 10-15 kg of base fertilizer in the planting hole, covering with fine sand and gravel, and irrigating 1-2 L of water; step 7: burying the soil, placing the apple tree seedling in the planting hole, then burying the soil, irrigating once when the soil is buried to 1 / 2, then continuing to bury the soil until the soil completely covers the root of the seedling, and finally treading it in; step 8: adding rooting liquid, 3-5 days after the seedling is planted, pouring rooting liquid along the trunk downward twice; step 9: pest control, setting up a high-power electric fan in the open area of the orchard, igniting straw in front of the fan to fumigate the apple tree to prevent pests.

[0004] The current south apple seedling has technical defects, mainly in that the tree grows too fast and the branches are prone to appear lower light poles. These performances greatly hinder the increase of apple yield and limit the large-area popularization of south apple. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application aims to solve the defects in the prior art and provide a south apple dwarfing high-yield tree seedling cultivation method in southeast Jiangxi.

[0006] A south apple dwarfing high-yield tree seedling cultivation method in southeast Jiangxi, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1. Selection of seedling rootstock: wild Hubei Malus hupehensis is selected as seedling rootstock; wild Malus hupehensis fruits are collected in autumn for fruit-seed separation, dried and stored until February of the next year for sowing, and qualified seedling rootstocks can be obtained in March of the next year;

[0008] S2. Selection and cultivation of intermediate rootstock;

[0009] S3. Cultivation of apple tree seedlings.

[0010] Further, the step S2. Selection and cultivation of intermediate rootstock includes:

[0011] S21. M26 is selected as the intermediate rootstock of the dwarf apple seedlings in the southeast of Jiangxi Province through domestication comparison.

[0012] S22. M26 is grafted on wild seedling Hubei Malus hupehensis for domestication;

[0013] S23. M26 with leaf bud distance of 2-4 CM is selected from the branches of M26 after 5 years of domestication for layering cultivation, and the layering cultivated M26 is separately planted to form the bud strip nursery of M26 intermediate rootstock.

[0014] Further, the step S3. Cultivation of apple tree seedlings includes:

[0015] S31. Wild Hubei Malus hupehensis fruits are collected in autumn for fruit-seed separation, dried and stored until February of the next year for sowing; and in the third year, when the diameter is greater than 0.6 CM, grafting can be performed;

[0016] S32. Branches with full buds are selected in the cultivated M26 bud strip nursery;

[0017] S33. The selected M26 branches are grafted on wild Malus hupehensis seedling rootstocks in late February of the third year, and M26 semi-finished products can be obtained in February of the fourth year when the diameter is 0.6 CM;

[0018] S34. Branches with full buds are selected in the cultivated south apple variety bud strip nursery in the fourth year;

[0019] S35. Full south apple buds selected in S34 in the fourth year are grafted on the M26 semi-finished products of S33;

[0020] S36. The grafted seedlings in S35 are cultivated for one year, and the finished south apple dwarf seedlings suitable for growth in the southeast of Jiangxi can be obtained in autumn and winter of the fourth year.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the present application are: the present application solves the problem of the overfast growth of the south apple trees in the southeast of Jiangxi, the lower light poles of the branches are prone to occur, the yield of the apples can only be maintained at 3000 Jin, the dwarfing rootstock grafting technology is applied to the cultivation of the south apple seedlings. The cultivated south apple seedlings have more moderate and vigorous tree vigor, greatly improved short branch rate, good flower bud differentiation rate, and greatly improved yield; the yield can reach 2000 Jin in the third year, 4000 Jin in the fourth year, and 5000-10000 Jin in the fifth year. Compared with the apple trees using the dwarf intermediate rootstock technology, the yield per mu of the apples is increased by 2000-3000 Jin, the large-area planting is promoted, the farmers have remarkable yield and income increasing effect; the cultivated apple finished seedlings are completely suitable for the high temperature, high humidity and environment in the region because the rootstock is the local wild Hubei malus, the intermediate rootstock is the domesticated M26, and the apple variety is suitable for the south apple in the southeast of Jiangxi. The finished south apple dwarf seedlings have five characteristics of small tree body, dense planting, easy management, early fruiting, quick effect, high yield, good quality, economic use of land and light resources, and easy variety updating. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 The process flow chart of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] REFERENCE Figure 1 A south apple dwarf high-yield seedling cultivation method in the southeast of Jiangxi, comprising the following steps:

[0024] S1. Selection of seedling rootstock: wild Hubei malus is selected as the seedling rootstock; wild Hubei malus fruits are collected in autumn for fruit and seed separation, dried and stored until February of the next year for sowing, and qualified seedling rootstocks can be obtained in March of the next year;

[0025] S2. Selection and cultivation of intermediate rootstock;

[0026] S3. Cultivation of apple seedlings.

[0027] Further, the step of S2. Selection and cultivation of intermediate rootstock comprises:

[0028] S21. M26 is selected as the intermediate rootstock of the dwarf apple seedlings in the southeast of Jiangxi through domestication.

[0029] S22. M26 is grafted on the wild seedling Hubei malus for domestication;

[0030] S23. M26 with leaf bud distance of 2-4 CM is selected from the branches of the domesticated M26 for 5 years, and the domesticated M26 is planted separately to form the M26 intermediate rootstock spur nursery.

[0031] Further, the step of S3. Cultivation of apple seedlings comprises:

[0032] S31. Wild Hubei malus fruit is collected in autumn to separate fruit and seed, and is dried and preserved to be sowed in February of next year; in February of third year, it is long to 0.6CM diameter, and can be grafted;

[0033] S32. Full branch is selected in the M26 bud strip nursery of cultivation;

[0034] S33. In late February of third year, the selected M26 branch is grafted on wild Hubei malus seedling stock, and in February of fourth year, M26 semi-finished product seedling can be obtained when M26 is long to 0.6CM thickness;

[0035] S34. Full branch is selected in the M26 bud strip nursery of cultivation in fourth year;

[0036] S35. Full southern apple branch selected in S34 is grafted on the M26 semi-finished product in S33 in February of fourth year;

[0037] S36. The grafted seedling in S35 is cultivated for one year, and the finished product southern apple dwarf seedling suitable for growth in southeast Jiangxi can be obtained in autumn and winter of fourth year.

[0038] Original southern apple variety and southern invention dwarf high-yield seedling variety 5-year comparison

[0039]

[0040]

[0041] The application solves the problem that the southern apple tree grows too fast, the branch is prone to appear lower light pole in southeast Jiangxi, and the yield of apple can only be maintained at 3000 Jin. The dwarfing rootstock grafting technology is applied to the cultivation of southern apple seedling. The cultivated southern apple seedling has more moderate and strong tree vigor, greatly improved short branch rate, good flower bud differentiation rate and greatly improved yield; 2000 Jin in third year, 4000 Jin in fourth year and 5000-10000 Jin in fifth year. Compared with the apple tree using dwarf intermediate rootstock technology, the yield per mu is increased by 2000-3000 Jin, the effect of large-area planting, farmer yield and income increase is remarkable; the cultivated apple finished seedling is suitable for the high temperature, high humidity and environment in the region because the rootstock is wild malus and the intermediate rootstock is domesticated M26, and the apple variety is suitable for southern apple in southeast Jiangxi. The finished product southern apple dwarf seedling has five characteristics of small tree, dense planting, easy management, early fruiting, fast effect, high yield, good quality, economic land and light resource utilization and variety updating.

[0042] It should be pointed out finally that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, but not to limit the same; and although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments can be modified, or some technical features thereof can be replaced equivalently; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating a south apple dwarfing high-yield tree seedling in the Jiangdong southeast region, characterized by, It comprises the following steps: S1. Selection of seedling rootstock: wild Malus hupehensis is selected as seedling rootstock; wild Malus hupehensis fruits are collected in autumn for fruit-seed separation, dried and stored until February of the next year for sowing, and qualified seedling rootstock can be obtained in March of the next year; S2. Selection and cultivation of intermediate rootstock; S3. Cultivation of apple seedling; The step of S2. Selection and cultivation of intermediate rootstock comprises: S21. M26 is selected as the intermediate rootstock of the dwarf apple seedling in the southeast of Jiangxi Province through domestication comparison; S22. M26 is grafted on wild seedling Malus hupehensis for domestication; S23. M26 with leaf bud distance of 2-4 cm is selected from the M26 branches after 5 years of domestication for layering cultivation, and the layering cultivated M26 is separately planted to form the M26 intermediate rootstock of the bud strip nursery.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by the steps of: The step of S3. Cultivation of apple seedling comprises: S31. Wild Malus hupehensis fruits are collected in autumn for fruit-seed separation, dried and stored until February of the next year for sowing, and the seedling rootstock with diameter of 0.6 cm or above can be obtained in February of the third year; S32. Branches with full buds are selected in the cultivated M26 bud strip nursery; S33. The selected M26 branches are bud grafted on wild Malus hupehensis seedling rootstock in late February of the third year, and M26 semi-finished products can be obtained in February of the fourth year when the M26 grows to 0.6 cm in diameter; S34. Branches with full buds are selected in the cultivated southern apple variety bud strip nursery in the fourth year; S35. The full southern apple buds selected in S34 are grafted on the M26 semi-finished products in S33 in February of the fourth year; S36. The seedlings grafted in S35 are cultivated for one year, and the finished southern apple dwarf seedling suitable for growth in the southeast of Jiangxi can be obtained in autumn and winter of the fourth year.

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