Snow melting fractionation test device and test method

Abstract

The application discloses a snow melting fractional distillation test device and a test method, the device comprises a test box body provided with a transparent observation window and internally configured with a constant temperature cooling device, a plurality of groups of water collecting bottles are arranged on the bottom of the test box body, a snow melting funnel is arranged above any water collecting bottle, a distributed temperature measuring optical fiber is arranged in the snow melting funnel, wherein, a scale element is attached to the inner wall of the snow melting funnel, and a monitoring camera is arranged on the top of the test box body; in addition, a wire insertion hole and two groups of operation holes, which are both configured with hole plugs, are arranged on the side wall of the test box body, the wire insertion hole is used for the distributed temperature measuring optical fiber to pass out to access an external data acquisition device, and the operation holes are used for test personnel to extract and replace the water collecting bottles. The application provides a test environment for fine analysis of snow melting fractional distillation rules and mechanism, ensures that all fractional distillation tests are carried out in the test box body, the test environment and the factors to be studied are completely controllable through the coating of heat preservation materials, and a more accurate and reliable fractional distillation model is constructed.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of snowmelt water monitoring, and particularly relates to a snowmelt fractionation test device and a test method. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the seasonal freezing-thawing area, the main form of precipitation is snowfall in winter. At present, with the climate warming, the frequency of short-term snowmelt events in winter increases, and the uncertainty and complexity of the hydrological and associated non-point source nitrogen release processes gradually increase. Existing researches on snowmelt find that nitrogen and other solutes are not uniformly precipitated during the snowmelt process, but there is a melting fractionation effect. Therefore, the research on the melting fractionation effect has very important practical significance for providing reasonable prediction and control measures for non-point source pollution in the freezing-thawing area. However, the existing researches on the melting fractionation effect are mostly carried out through in-situ observation tests in farmland. The melting fractionation effect is affected by many factors such as meteorology, hydrology and ion composition. The external environmental factors cannot be controlled through the in-situ test in the field, which leads to serious distortion of the simulation results, and thus the main factors affecting the fractionation effect and the occurrence rules and mechanisms cannot be clearly understood. Therefore, the application aims to provide a snowmelt fractionation test device and a test method to meet the needs of controllable and operable fine fractionation tests, so as to calculate the runoff, interflow and nitrogen distribution in the soil in the snowmelt process in the freezing-thawing area. SUMMARY

[0003] In order to overcome the technical problems of the prior art, the purpose of the application is to provide a snowmelt fractionation test device and a test method.

[0004] In a first aspect, the application provides a snowmelt fractionation test device, which comprises a test box body provided with a transparent observation window and internally configured with a constant temperature cooling device. A plurality of groups of water collection bottles are arranged on the inner bottom of the test box body. A snowmelt funnel is arranged above any water collection bottle. A distributed temperature measurement optical fiber is arranged in the snowmelt funnel. The inner wall of the snowmelt funnel is attached with a scale member, and a monitoring camera is arranged on the top of the test box body. In addition, a wire insertion hole and two groups of operation holes are arranged on the side wall of the test box body, and the wire insertion hole is configured with a hole plug. The distributed temperature measurement optical fiber is inserted into the wire insertion hole to connect to an external data acquisition device. The operation holes are used for the test personnel to extract and replace the water collection bottles.

[0005] As a preferred technical solution, a transparent film is arranged above the snowmelt funnel.

[0006] As a preferred technical solution, the top surface of the snowmelt funnel is covered with a heat preservation material.

[0007] As a preferred technical scheme, the inner bottom of the test box is provided with a rack for placing the water collecting bottle, the rack is detachable or is assembled on the inner bottom of the test box by welding, and a plurality of support columns are arranged around the rack to support the heat preservation material.

[0008] As a preferred technical scheme, the test box is further provided with a blowing device for accelerating the circulation of airflow in the test box and an internal temperature sensor for detecting the temperature in the test box.

[0009] As a preferred technical scheme, the edge of the operation hole is covered with a flexible sealing material, which tightly adheres to the arm when the test personnel's arm is inserted into the test box to block external energy from entering the test box.

[0010] As a preferred technical scheme, the test box is made of acrylic material or low-temperature-resistant glass material.

[0011] In a second aspect, based on the snow melting fractionation test device, the application further provides a snow melting fractionation test method, which comprises the following steps:

[0012] Step 1, selecting non-disturbed natural falling snow and placing it in a snow melting funnel with a scale on the inner wall;

[0013] Step 2, inserting a distributed temperature sensing optical fiber into the snow melting funnel, and covering the snow melting funnel below the top surface with heat preservation material;

[0014] Step 3, installing the heat preservation material on the support columns of the rack in the test box, placing a water collecting bottle at the outlet of the snow melting funnel, and connecting the distributed temperature sensing optical fiber to an external data acquisition device;

[0015] Step 4, starting the cooling circulation device and the blowing device, and closing the test box with a hole plug;

[0016] Step 5, observing and recording the snow melting condition through the test box and the camera, and taking out the snow melting flow at intervals for test analysis.

[0017] As a preferred technical scheme, the implementation of step 2 further comprises laying a transparent film on the top surface of the snow melting funnel after inserting the distributed temperature sensing optical fiber.

[0018] As a preferred technical scheme, the implementation of step 5 is specifically taking the snow melting flow every first interval time in the 0-1h time period, taking the snow melting flow every second interval time in the 1-4h time period, and taking the snow melting flow every third interval time in the 4-10h time period.

[0019] In summary, the application has the following technical effects:

[0020] The snowmelt fractionation test device and test method of the present application, the device includes a test box body provided with a transparent observation window and internally configured with a constant temperature cooling device, a plurality of groups of water collecting bottles are arranged on the bottom of the test box body, a snowmelt funnel is arranged above any water collecting bottle, a distributed temperature measurement optical fiber is arranged in the snowmelt funnel, wherein the inner wall of the snowmelt funnel is attached with a scale member and a monitoring camera is arranged on the top of the test box body; in addition, a wire insertion hole and two groups of operation holes are arranged on the side wall of the test box body, the wire insertion hole is used for the distributed temperature measurement optical fiber to pass out to access the external data acquisition device, and the operation hole is used for the test personnel to extract and replace the water collecting bottle. The test device with the above structure has the following technical advantages: the distributed temperature measurement optical fiber of the present application is connected with the data acquisition device to output the snow layer temperature change in real time, which is convenient for researchers to observe the fractionation phenomenon and collect the snowmelt runoff for analysis in time according to the design requirements without opening the cover and disturbing the internal environment temperature of the test box body; further, the snowmelt fractionation test device designed by the present application provides a test environment for fine analysis of snowmelt fractionation rules and mechanism, ensures that all fractionation tests are carried out in the test box body, and the test environment and the factors to be studied are completely controllable through the coating of heat preservation materials, rather than only obtaining the solute release rules in the shallow snow through the field in-situ test to construct a distorted fractionation model. Therefore, compared with the existing snowmelt water monitoring technical field, the snowmelt fractionation test device and test method provided by the present application has obvious technical advantages. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present application or prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or prior art description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can also be obtained by those skilled in the art without any creative effort on the basis of these drawings.

[0022] Figure 1 is a structure schematic view of the snowmelt fractionation test device of the embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Figure 2 is a front view schematic view of the snowmelt fractionation test device of the embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 3 is a graph of the change of snowmelt fractionation ion release concentration with time obtained by the present application;

[0025] Figure 4 is a temperature change graph of different snow layer heights in the snowmelt funnel under different environmental temperatures simulated by the present application.

[0026] Among them, the meaning of the reference signs is as follows:

[0027] 1 - Test chamber, 11 - Storage rack, 12 - Observation window;

[0028] 2 - Water collection bottle;

[0029] 3 - Snowmelt funnel, 31 - Insulating material;

[0030] 4 - Distributed temperature sensing optical fiber, 41 - Data acquisition device;

[0031] 5 - Patch panel;

[0032] 6 - Operation hole;

[0033] 7 - Monitoring camera. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The technical solutions in the embodiments will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments. The embodiments described herein are merely for illustrative purposes, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, it should be understood that various modifications and changes can be made to the embodiments without departing from the protection scope of the present application.

[0035] In the description of the present application, unless explicitly defined and limited, the term "and / or" includes any combination and all combinations of one or more associated listed items. Unless otherwise specified or explained, the terms "connection", "fixation" and the like should be understood broadly, for example, "connection" can be fixed connection, or detachable connection, or integral connection, or electrical connection, or signal connection; "connection" can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0036] Further, in the description of the present application, it should be understood that the orientation words described in the embodiments are described in the angle shown in the drawings, and should not be understood as a limitation of the embodiments. It should also be understood that in the context, when referring to one element or feature connected with another element (one or more), it can not only be directly connected with the other element (one or more), but also indirectly connected with the other element (one or more) through an intermediate element.

[0037] Before introducing the technical solutions of the present application, it is necessary to set forth the background of the creation of the present application. It is generally believed that, with climate warming, the frequency of short-term snowmelt events in winter increases, and the uncertainty and complexity of the hydrological and associated non-point source nitrogen release processes gradually increase. Existing research on snowmelt finds that, during the snowmelt process, solutes such as nitrogen are not uniformly precipitated, but there is a melting fractionation effect. Therefore, the research on the melting fractionation effect has very important practical significance for providing reasonable prediction and control measures for non-point source pollution in the frozen-thawing region. However, existing research on the melting fractionation effect is mostly carried out through in-situ observation tests in farmland, and the melting fractionation effect is affected by many factors such as meteorology, hydrology and ion composition. It is impossible to control external environmental factors through field in-situ tests, which leads to serious distortion of the simulation results, and thus the main factors affecting the fractionation effect and the occurrence rules and mechanisms cannot be clearly understood.

[0038] In view of this, the present application provides a snowmelt fractionation test device and implementation method, which meets the demand for controllable and operable refined fractionation tests to calculate the runoff, interflow and nitrogen distribution of soil in the snowmelt process of farmland in the frozen-thawing region.

[0039] Please refer to Figures 1 to 2 The present application first provides a snowmelt fractionation test device, which comprises a test box body 1 provided with a transparent observation port 12 for facilitating test personnel to observe the snowmelt state and configured with a constant temperature cooling device inside; a plurality of groups of water collection bottles 2 are arranged on the bottom of the test box body 1 and used to receive snowmelt runoff; a snowmelt hopper 3 is arranged above any water collection bottle 2 and used to hold snow samples required for the test; a distributed temperature measurement optical fiber 4 is arranged in the snowmelt hopper 3, wherein a scale member is attached to the inner wall of the snowmelt hopper 3, and a monitoring camera 7 is arranged on the top of the test box body 1, and the scale member cooperates with the monitoring camera 7 and the distributed temperature measurement optical fiber 4 to sense the temperature of snow layers with different thicknesses in the snowmelt hopper 3; in addition, a wire insertion hole 5 and two groups of operation holes 6 are formed in the side wall of the test box body 1 and are each configured with a plug; the wire insertion hole 5 is used for the distributed temperature measurement optical fiber 4 to pass out to access an external data acquisition device 41, and the operation holes 6 are used for test personnel to extract and replace the water collection bottles 2; when the snowmelt fractionation test is carried out, the plugs are used to plug the wire insertion hole 5 and the two groups of operation holes 6 to ensure that the test environment is closed and additional heat exchange between the test space and the outside is avoided.

[0040] It should be noted that, in the above test box body 1, a blowing device for accelerating the airflow circulation in the test box body 1 and an internal temperature sensor for detecting the temperature in the test box body 1 are further arranged; the blowing device can accelerate the gas flow in the test box body 1 to accelerate the refrigeration effect of the cooling circulation device in the box body, and the internal temperature sensor is arranged to correct the test environment temperature in the box body.

[0041] In some embodiments, referring to Figures 1 to 2 , a transparent film is laid above the snowmelt funnel 3. With such a design, the surface of the snowmelt funnel 3 can be prevented from being disturbed by the air blowing device, thereby affecting the normal snowmelt process. It should be noted that the transparent film is laid above the snowmelt funnel 3 after the snow sample is placed in the snowmelt funnel 3, and the transparent film can reserve the installation position of the distributed temperature measurement optical fiber 4 or can be laid and covered after the distributed temperature measurement optical fiber 4 is inserted.

[0042] In order to enable the snow sample in the snowmelt funnel 3 to only have external energy input from the top surface thereof, in some embodiments, referring to Figure 1 , the thermal insulation material 31 is customized according to the actual size of the snowmelt funnel 3, and the snowmelt funnel 3 is covered by the thermal insulation material 31 below the top surface thereof. With such a design, it is ensured that the snowmelt funnel 3 has no energy input except for the top portion thereof.

[0043] In some embodiments, a rack 11 for placing the water collecting bottle 2 is arranged on the inner bottom of the test box 1, and the rack 11 is detachably or weldedly assembled on the inner bottom of the test box 1. A plurality of support columns are arranged around the rack 11 to support the thermal insulation material 31.

[0044] In order to reduce the interference of the temperature environment outside the test box on the test after the hole plug is removed, as a preferred technical solution, referring to Figures 1 to 2 , the edge of the operation hole 6 is covered with a flexible sealing material. When the test personnel stretch their arms into the test box 1, the flexible sealing material tightly adheres to the arms to block the external energy from entering the test box 1 and affecting the test accuracy.

[0045] Preferably, in some embodiments, the test box 1 is made of acrylic material or low-temperature-resistant glass material, so that the test box 1 has good transparency, chemical stability and weather resistance.

[0046] In addition, based on the above-mentioned snowmelt fractionation test device, the present application also provides a snowmelt fractionation test method, which comprises the following steps:

[0047] Step 1, selecting non-disturbed natural falling snow and placing it in the snowmelt funnel 3 with a scale member attached to the inner wall.

[0048] It should be noted that the scale member is vertically placed on the inner wall of the snowmelt funnel 3, and can be observed by the monitoring camera 7 in the test box 1 later.

[0049] Step 2, inserting the distributed temperature measurement optical fiber 4 into the snowmelt funnel 3, and covering the snowmelt funnel 3 below the top surface thereof by the thermal insulation material 31.

[0050] As a preferred technical solution, the implementation of step 2 further comprises laying a transparent film on the top surface of the snowmelt funnel 3 after inserting the distributed temperature sensing optical fiber 4.

[0051] It should be noted that the distributed temperature sensing optical fiber 4 has a multi-node sensing unit to sense the temperature of snow layers of different thicknesses.

[0052] Step 3: Install the heat preservation material 31 on the support of the built-in shelf 11 in the test box 1, place the collection bottle 2 at the outlet at the bottom of the snowmelt funnel 3, and connect the distributed temperature sensing optical fiber 4 to the external data acquisition device 41.

[0053] At this point, the preparation work of the test device is completed.

[0054] Step 4: Start the cooling circulation device and the air blowing device, and close the test box 1 with the hole plug.

[0055] Preferably, the test method will be tested at least three times under different temperature environments through the cooling circulation device to avoid accidental phenomena and reflect the universality of the test method. Please refer to Figure 4 which is a temperature change diagram of the snowmelt funnel 3 under different snow layer heights in different environmental temperatures, indicating that the surface temperature determined by the test is basically consistent with the set temperature. Since the energy input of the snow layer is gradually deepened from the surface to the deep layer, considering the energy transmission efficiency, the temperature of the deep layer is lower than that of the upper layer, and the temperature of the bottom layer is the lowest, which is consistent with the determination result. This conclusion shows that the snowmelt fractionation device of the present application can well simulate the actual field snowmelt environment, provide hardware support for finding the main factors of snowmelt fractionation and fine analysis, and well verify the conclusion that the indoor snow layer test result is consistent with the actual field snow layer temperature change, further proving the rationality and reliability of the present application.

[0056] Step 5: Observe and record the snowmelt situation through the test box 1 and the camera, and take out the snowmelt runoff at intervals to perform test analysis.

[0057] It should be noted that since there is an ion pulse effect in the ion release in snowmelt fractionation, the ion concentration release is the highest at the beginning of melting, so the sampling frequency and sampling duration need to be considered when sampling. As a preferred technical solution, the implementation of step 5 is specifically to take the snowmelt runoff every first interval time in the 0-1h time period; take the snowmelt runoff every second interval time in the 1-4h time period; and take the snowmelt runoff every third interval time in the 4-10h time period; wherein the first interval time is preferably 15min, the second interval time is preferably 30min, and the third interval time is preferably 60min. The snowmelt runoff obtained by the test is subjected to chemical analysis to obtain, for example, Figure 3The snowmelt fractionation ion release concentration change diagram with time is shown, and the snowmelt fractionation law and mechanism are studied, and then the snowmelt process in the frozen-thawing zone farmland is simulated to calculate runoff, interflow and nitrogen distribution in soil.

[0058] In summary, the snowmelt fractionation test device and test method have the following technical effects: the distributed temperature measurement optical fiber is externally connected with the data acquisition device to output the snow layer temperature change in real time, so that researchers can observe the fractionation phenomenon and collect the snowmelt runoff through the operation hole for analysis without opening the cover and disturbing the internal environment temperature of the test box according to the design requirements; further, the snowmelt fractionation test device provides a test environment for fine analysis of the snowmelt fractionation law and mechanism, ensures that all fractionation tests are carried out in the test box, and makes the test environment and the factors to be studied completely controllable through the coating of the heat preservation material, instead of obtaining the solute release law in the shallow snow through the field in-situ test to construct a distorted fractionation model. Therefore, compared with the existing snowmelt water monitoring technical field, the snowmelt fractionation test device and test method have obvious technical advantages.

[0059] Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and not to limit them; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing examples, those skilled in the art should understand that: it can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing examples, or make equivalent replacement for part of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A method of deicing fractionation testing, comprising: The following test device is adopted: The test device comprises a test box body provided with a transparent observation window and internally configured with a constant temperature cooling device, a plurality of groups of water collecting bottles are arranged on the inner bottom of the test box body, a snow melting funnel is arranged above any water collecting bottle, a distributed temperature measurement optical fiber is arranged in the snow melting funnel, wherein the inner wall of the snow melting funnel is attached with a scale member and a monitoring camera is arranged on the top of the test box body; in addition, a wire insertion hole and two groups of operation holes are arranged on the side wall of the test box body, the wire insertion hole is configured to allow the distributed temperature measurement optical fiber to pass out to connect to an external data acquisition device, and the operation holes are configured to allow test personnel to extract and replace the water collecting bottles; a storage rack for placing the water collecting bottles is arranged on the inner bottom of the test box body, the storage rack is detachable or is assembled on the inner bottom of the test box body by welding, a plurality of support columns are arranged around the storage rack to support thermal insulation materials; an air blowing device for accelerating the airflow circulation in the test box body is further arranged in the test box body, and an internal temperature sensor for detecting the temperature in the test box body is further arranged in the test box body; The snow melting fractionation test method comprises the following steps: Step 1, selecting non-disturbed natural falling snow and placing it in the snow melting funnel with a scale member attached to the inner wall; Step 2, inserting the distributed temperature measurement optical fiber into the snow melting funnel, and covering the snow melting funnel below the top surface with thermal insulation materials; Step 3, installing the thermal insulation materials on the support columns of the storage rack in the test box body, placing the water collecting bottles at the outlet of the snow melting funnel, and connecting the distributed temperature measurement optical fiber to the external data acquisition device; Step 4, starting the cooling circulation device and the air blowing device, and closing the test box body by the hole plugs; Step 5, observing and recording the snow melting condition through the test box body and the camera, monitoring the snow layer temperature change through the distributed temperature measurement optical fiber, and taking out the snowmelt runoff at intervals for test analysis.

2. The snowmelt fractionation test method of claim 1, wherein The edge of the operation hole is covered with a flexible sealing material, when the test personnel's arm is inserted into the test box body, the flexible sealing material tightly adheres to the arm to block external energy from entering the test box body.

3. The snowmelt fractionation test method of claim 1, wherein The test box body is made of acrylic material or low-temperature resistant glass material.

4. The snowmelt fractionation test method of claim 1, wherein The implementation of step 2 further comprises, after inserting the distributed temperature measurement optical fiber, laying a transparent film on the top surface of the snow melting funnel.

5. The snowmelt fractionation test method of claim 1, wherein The implementation of step 5 is specifically that the snowmelt runoff is taken out every first interval time in the 0-1h time period, the snowmelt runoff is taken out every second interval time in the 1-4h time period, and the snowmelt runoff is taken out every third interval time in the 4-10h time period.

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