A passive heat storage and power generation integrated energy device and its working method

Abstract

The present invention provides a passive heat storage and power generation integrated energy device and its working method, belonging to the technical field of heat storage equipment. It solves the problems in the prior art that the working medium heat transfer heat pipe has a complex structure, low heat conduction efficiency, and uneven temperature difference distribution. It includes a solar heat collection plate, a heat storage heat pipe, a heat storage tank, a tank body, and an annular thermoelectric generator. The tank body includes a tank wall and a layered heat storage and heat supply module. The layered heat storage and heat supply module includes a heat storage layer, a buffer layer, and a heat supply layer from bottom to top. The solar heat collection plates are evenly distributed on the outer side of the heat storage layer part in the tank body. A plurality of heat storage tanks are arranged in the heat storage layer. The heat storage tanks are connected to the solar heat collection plates through the heat storage heat pipes. The annular thermoelectric generator is installed on the outer side of the heat supply layer. The phase change material filled in the heat storage tanks is paraffin or polyethylene glycol, and a heat transfer working medium is arranged in the heat storage heat pipes. This device is applicable to heat storage and power generation in lunar bases.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of heat storage equipment, and particularly relates to a passive heat storage and power generation integrated energy device and a working method thereof. Background Art

[0002] At present, in the field of lunar exploration, the mission of the lunar landing stage of the manned lunar exploration project has been fully launched and implemented. Since the moon has no atmosphere, the temperature difference between day and night on the lunar surface is extremely large. In the equatorial region, the daytime temperature is about 137 °C, and at night it can drop to -153 °C. Long-term lunar residence requires solving the energy supply problems of day and night power supply and night heating to provide a suitable living environment.

[0003] The main energy supply technologies for current deep space exploration activities are solar photovoltaic power generation and nuclear power generation. In the former, the solar panels cannot generate electricity during the lunar night, and the lunar day and night are both longer than 14 Earth days. It is difficult to rely on solar photovoltaic power generation to meet the needs of the lunar exploration project. The latter has radiation hazards, and its functions are single and can only be used for power supply. There is energy loss in the electro-thermal conversion during heating. Stable electro-thermal energy supply during the lunar night has become the core problem of the current lunar exploration project. During the lunar day, due to the high intensity of solar radiation without the blocking effect of the atmosphere, phase change materials can be used to store solar radiation energy in the form of latent heat of phase change, and the solar radiation energy can be stored. During the lunar night, due to the lack of solar radiation and the insulation effect of the atmosphere, an extremely low temperature environment is formed on the lunar surface. At this time, a temperature difference is formed between the heat storage material and the lunar surface, and a thermoelectric generator can be used to convert the latent heat of phase change stored during the lunar day into electrical energy to achieve night energy supply for the lunar exploration project.

[0004] The Chinese invention patent with the publication number of CN108667347B discloses an energy storage type thermoelectric power generation device for a lunar base, including a detection module, a control module and a power generation module; the power generation module includes a solar collector, a variable-direction self-circulating heat pipe, a phase change heat storage box, a temperature equalizing plate and a thermoelectric generator. The variable-direction self-circulating heat pipe includes a front section heat pipe, a middle section heat pipe, a rear section heat pipe, a first three-way valve arranged between the front section heat pipe and the middle section heat pipe, a second three-way valve arranged between the middle section heat pipe and the rear section heat pipe, a front section circulation pipe connected between the first three-way valves, and a rear section circulation pipe connected between the second three-way valves. The power generation device of the invention can switch between a heat storage loop and a heat release loop to realize heat storage during the lunar day and heat release and power generation at night, solving the energy supply problem when there is no solar energy at night on the moon. However, this device has problems such as a complex working medium heat transfer heat pipe structure, low heat conduction efficiency, and uneven temperature difference distribution. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention aims to propose a passive heat storage and power generation integrated energy device and its working method, so as to solve the problems existing in the prior art, such as the complex structure of the working medium heat transfer heat pipe, low heat conduction efficiency, and uneven temperature difference distribution.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A passive heat storage and power generation integrated energy device includes a solar collector panel, a heat storage heat pipe, a heat storage tank, a tank body, and an annular thermoelectric generator. The tank body includes a tank wall and a layered heat storage and heat supply module. The layered heat storage and heat supply module includes a heat storage layer, a buffer layer, and a heat supply layer from bottom to top. The solar collector panels are evenly distributed on the outer side of the heat storage layer part in the tank body. A plurality of heat storage tanks are arranged in the heat storage layer. The heat storage tanks are connected to the solar collector panel through the heat storage heat pipes. The annular thermoelectric generator is installed on the outer side of the heat supply layer. The phase change material filled in the heat storage tank is paraffin or polyethylene glycol, and a heat transfer working medium is arranged in the heat storage heat pipe.

[0008] Furthermore, the outer space is filled with heat insulation materials.

[0009] Furthermore, the buffer layer and the heat supply layer are filled with high thermal conductivity materials.

[0010] Furthermore, a louver heat insulation structure is installed between the top end of the heat storage layer and the buffer layer.

[0011] Furthermore, the louver heat insulation structure is connected to an optoelectronic controller.

[0012] Furthermore, the tank wall is made of metal material and has a thickness of 2-4 mm.

[0013] Furthermore, a heat insulation layer is installed on the outer side of the tank wall.

[0014] A working method of a passive heat storage and power generation integrated energy device includes a monthly day heat storage stage and a monthly night heat release stage.

[0015] Furthermore, the monthly day heat storage stage includes the following steps:

[0016] Step 1: The solar collector panel absorbs solar radiation for heat collection;

[0017] Step 2: The heat is introduced into the heat storage tank through the heat storage heat pipe;

[0018] Step 3: The material filled in the heat storage tank absorbs heat through phase change, and the heat collected by the solar collector panel is stored in the heat storage tank, completing the monthly day heat storage stage.

[0019] Furthermore, the lunar night heat release stage includes the following steps:

[0020] Step 1: The shutter heat insulation structure is closed, and the heat in the heat storage layer is transferred to the buffer layer and the heat supply layer.

[0021] Step 2: A stable temperature field is formed during the upward heat transfer process, so that a stable temperature difference is formed between the heat supply layer and the lunar environment.

[0022] Step 3: The heat supply layer and the lunar environment are respectively used as the heat source and the cold source of the annular thermoelectric generator, so that the annular thermoelectric generator generates electricity and supplies power stably.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0024] 1. Through the design of the heat storage layer, buffer layer, and heat supply layer and the application of heat storage materials, high thermal conductivity materials, and thermal insulation materials, the present invention simplifies the heat pipe structure, solves the problems of uneven heat transfer efficiency and temperature difference distribution of the working medium, realizes low-loss cogeneration energy supply at night, the components of the device are simple in structure, convenient to produce and assemble, and the economic cost of the device is greatly reduced.

[0025] 2. The present invention uses multiple heat storage tanks for heat storage. Each heat storage tank is an independent unit and can be operated, controlled, and maintained separately. This improves the flexibility of the system, can respond more precisely to the demand changes during the system operation, thereby improving the reliability of the entire heat storage system. If one heat storage tank in the system fails or needs maintenance, the other tanks can still operate normally without affecting the normal operation of the entire heat storage system. This modular design makes fault isolation and maintenance simpler, more economical, and efficient. Each heat storage tank can perform independent charging and discharging operations according to specific heat load requirements, so as to optimize the management and utilization of energy. For example, heat can be released during the peak period of heat load demand and heat can be charged during the low peak period of demand to balance the energy demand and supply of the system. If it is necessary to expand the heat storage capacity, additional heat storage tanks can be simply added. This modular design makes the upgrade and expansion of the system more convenient and flexible, and can quickly respond to the demand changes of users and technological progress. Each independent heat storage tank can be optimized according to its design and operating parameters to maximize the energy storage efficiency and the overall performance of the system. This personalized management and control can effectively reduce energy waste and improve the energy efficiency and economy of the system.

[0026] 3. The present invention adopts a shutter heat insulation structure and is controlled by a photoelectric controller. During the heat storage stage, the shutter is closed, which can collect heat to the greatest extent. Description of the Drawings

[0027] The accompanying drawings, which form a part of the present invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The schematic embodiments and descriptions thereof are used to explain the present invention and do not unduly limit the present invention. In the drawings:

[0028] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a passive heat storage and power generation integrated energy device according to the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 is a top view of a passive heat storage and power generation integrated energy device according to the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 is a graph of the capacity change of the phase change heat storage of the paraffin wax filled in the heat storage tank during the initial stage within one month of daylight;

[0031] Figure 4 is a graph of the capacity change of the phase change heat storage of the paraffin wax filled in the heat storage tank during the middle stage within one month of daylight;

[0032] Figure 5 is a graph of the capacity change of the phase change heat storage of the paraffin wax filled in the heat storage tank during the final stage within one month of daylight.

[0033] 1 - solar heat collector, 2 - heat storage heat pipe, 3 - heat storage tank, 4 - tank wall, 5 - insulation layer, 6 - louver heat insulation structure, 7 - buffer layer, 8 - annular thermoelectric generator, 9 - heat supply layer. Detailed implementation manners

[0034] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other. The described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments.

[0035] Refer to Figures 1-5 In this embodiment, a passive heat storage and power generation integrated energy device includes a solar heat collector 1, a heat storage heat pipe 2, a heat storage tank 3, a tank body, and an annular thermoelectric generator 8. The tank body includes a tank wall 4 and a layered heat storage and heat supply module. The layered heat storage and heat supply module includes a heat storage layer, a buffer layer 7, and a heat supply layer 9 from bottom to top. The solar heat collectors 1 are evenly distributed on the outer side of the heat storage layer part in the tank body. A plurality of heat storage tanks 3 are arranged in the heat storage layer. The heat storage tanks 3 are connected to the solar heat collectors 1 through the heat storage heat pipes 2. The annular thermoelectric generator 8 is installed on the outer side of the heat supply layer 9. The phase change material filled in the heat storage tanks 3 is paraffin wax or polyethylene glycol, and a heat transfer working fluid is arranged in the heat storage heat pipes 2.

[0036] In this embodiment, paraffin is used as the heat storage material in the heat storage tank 3, and water is used as the heat transfer working fluid in the heat storage heat pipe 2. The heat storage tank is cylindrical, and the height of the tank body is slightly higher than the top of the buffer layer 7, forming a hollow cylindrical groove. The annular thermoelectric generator 8 is stuck in this annular groove.

[0037] A louver heat insulation structure 6 is installed between the top end of the heat storage layer and the buffer layer 7, and the louver heat insulation structure 6 is connected to the photoelectric controller.

[0038] During the heat storage stage in lunar day, the solar collector 1 receives solar radiation for heat collection, and transfers the heat into the heat storage tank 3 through the heat storage heat pipe 2. The heat storage tank 3 is filled with the heat storage material paraffin for phase change heat storage. When heat is transferred in, the paraffin heats up to its melting point and melts, absorbing heat during the phase change. The heat transfer working fluid water that circulates continuously is stored in the heat storage heat pipe 2. The heat transfer working fluid receives heat and transfers the heat to the heat storage tank 3 through the heat storage heat pipe 2, so that the heat is continuously stored in the paraffin heat storage material. The temperature of the working fluid decreases and returns to the solar collector through the heat pipe, thus forming a heat storage cycle. The heat insulation material glass wool outside the heat storage tank 3 in the heat storage layer and the louver heat insulation structure 6 at the top ensure efficient heat collection and storage of the heat storage tank. The louver heat insulation structure 6 at the top of the heat storage layer is opened for heat insulation, and the solar collectors 1 around the tank body are distributed all around the tank body to ensure heat collection to the greatest extent.

[0039] During the heat release stage in lunar night, the louver heat insulation structure 6 at the top of the heat storage layer is closed, and the heat in the heat storage layer is transferred to the upper buffer layer 7 and the heat supply layer 9. The phase change heat release of the heat storage material paraffin ensures a continuous heat supply. The heat insulation material glass wool of the insulation layer 5 surrounds the buffer layer 7 to reduce heat loss. The high thermal conductivity material ceramic conducts heat quickly, forming a horizontal uniform and stable temperature field during the upward heat transfer process. Its function is to form a uniform and stable heat field during heat supply and power generation in lunar night, creating a stable temperature difference between the heat supply layer 9 and the lunar environment, serving as the heat source and cold source of the annular thermoelectric generator 8 respectively, and enabling the annular thermoelectric generator 8 to generate electricity stably for power supply.

[0040] In addition, heat pipes controlled by a photoelectric controller can be added between the buffer layers 7 to directly transfer part of the heat as heat supply at night, avoiding energy loss in heat supply through electrothermal conversion.

[0041] According to Figures 3-5 the heat storage situation of the device in a lunar day cycle is obtained. The lunar surface has a solar energy density as high as 1353 W / m 2 Considering the energy collection efficiency, a heat source of 1000 W / m 2 is used for simulation without adding heat conduction fins. When the diameter of the cylindrical heat storage tank is 0.2 m and the height is 0.5 m, the paraffin is almost completely melted after 14 days of heat storage, which can maximize the use of paraffin heat storage.

[0042] A number of heat storage tanks 3 are provided in the heat storage layer. The heat storage tanks 3 are connected to the solar collector 1 through heat storage heat pipes 2. The phase change materials in the heat storage tanks 3 include, but are not limited to, paraffin, polyethylene glycol, and crystalline hydrates with a melting point near 100°C, and are uniformly filled. Thus, each heat storage tank 3 is an independent heat storage unit, which can be operated, controlled, and maintained separately. This improves the flexibility of the system, can respond more precisely to the demand changes during system operation, and thus improves the reliability of the entire heat storage system. If one heat storage tank 3 in the system fails or needs maintenance, the other tanks can still operate normally without affecting the normal operation of the entire heat storage system. This modular design makes fault isolation and maintenance simpler, more economical, and efficient. Each heat storage tank 3 can perform independent charging and discharging operations according to specific heat load requirements, thereby optimizing the management and utilization of energy. For example, releasing the stored heat during the peak period of heat load demand and storing heat during the low peak period of demand to balance the energy demand and supply of the system. If it is necessary to expand the heat storage capacity, additional heat storage tanks 3 can be simply added. This modular design makes the upgrade and expansion of the system more convenient and flexible, and can quickly respond to the demand changes of users and technological progress. Each independent heat storage tank 3 can be optimized according to its design and operating parameters to maximize the energy storage efficiency and the overall performance of the system. This personalized management and control can effectively reduce energy waste and improve the energy efficiency and economy of the system.

[0043] The space outside the heat storage tank 3 in the heat storage layer is filled with the same phase change material as that in the heat storage tank 3, and heat can also be stored through the filling material on the outside, which can further improve the heat storage performance.

[0044] The buffer layer 7 and the heat supply layer 9 are filled with high thermal conductivity materials, which include, but are not limited to, ceramic materials, aluminum composite materials, and graphite carbon materials, and are uniformly filled inside the buffer layer 7 and the heat supply layer 9.

[0045] The tank wall 4 is made of a metal material and has a thickness of 2 - 4 mm. A heat insulation layer 5 is installed on the outside of the tank wall 4. The heat insulation materials in the heat insulation layer 5 include, but are not limited to, aerogel, glass wool, mineral wool, and rubber and plastic board. The tank body is slightly higher than the top of the buffer layer, forming a hollow cylindrical groove.

[0046] An annular fin is installed around the heat pipe inside the heat storage tank 3 to enhance the heat exchange between the heat storage heat pipe 2 and the phase change material paraffin.

[0047] A working method of a passive integrated heat storage and power generation energy device includes a monthly daytime heat storage stage and a monthly nighttime heat release stage.

[0048] The monthly daytime heat storage stage includes the following steps:

[0049] Step 1: The solar collector 1 absorbs solar radiation for heat collection;

[0050] Step 2: Transfer the heat into the heat storage tank 3 through the heat storage heat pipe 2;

[0051] Step 3: The material filled in the heat storage tank 3 absorbs heat through phase change, stores the heat collected by the solar collector 1 in the heat storage tank 3, and completes the heat storage stage during lunar day.

[0052] The lunar night heat release stage includes the following steps:

[0053] Step 1: The shutter heat insulation structure 6 is closed, and the heat in the heat storage layer transfers to the buffer layer 7 and the heat supply layer 9;

[0054] Step 2: A stable temperature field is formed during the upward transfer of heat, so that a stable temperature difference is formed between the heat supply layer 9 and the lunar environment;

[0055] Step 3: The heat supply layer 9 and the lunar environment are respectively used as the heat source and the cold source of the annular thermoelectric generator 8, so that the annular thermoelectric generator 8 generates electricity stably for power supply.

[0056] The embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are only used to help illustrate the present invention. The embodiments do not describe all the details in detail, nor limit the invention to the specific embodiments described. According to the content of this specification, many modifications and changes can be made. These embodiments are selected and specifically described in this specification to better explain the principle and practical application of the present invention, so that those skilled in the art can understand and utilize the present invention well.

Claims

1. A passive heat storage and power generation integrated energy device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a solar thermal collector plate (1), a heat storage heat pipe (2), a heat storage tank (3), a tank body and an annular temperature difference generator (8), wherein the tank body comprises a tank wall (4) and a layered heat storage and heating module, wherein the layered heat storage and heating module comprises a heat storage layer, a buffer layer (7) and a heating layer (9) from bottom to top, wherein the solar thermal collector plate (1) is evenly distributed on the outside of the heat storage layer part of the tank body, wherein the heat storage layer is provided with a plurality of heat storage tanks (3), wherein the heat storage tanks (3) are connected to the solar thermal collector plate (1) via the heat storage heat pipe (2), and wherein the annular temperature difference generator (8) ... layered heat storage and heating module The generator (8) is installed on the outside of the heating layer (9), the phase change material filled in the heat storage tank (3) is paraffin or polyethylene glycol, the heat storage heat pipe (2) is provided with a heat transfer medium, and a shutter insulation structure (6) is installed between the top of the heat storage layer and the buffer layer (7). The shutter insulation structure (6) is opened in the heat storage stage during the lunar day, and the solar collector (1) absorbs solar radiation to store heat. The shutter insulation structure (6) is closed in the heat release stage during the lunar night, and the heat in the heat storage layer is transferred to the buffer layer (7) and the heating layer (9).

2. A passive heat storage and power generation integrated energy device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer space of the heat storage tank (3) in the heat storage layer is filled with heat insulation material.

3. A passive heat storage and power generation integrated energy device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The buffer layer (7) and the heat supply layer (9) are filled with high thermal conductivity material.

4. A passive heat storage and power generation integrated energy device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The shutter heat insulation structure (6) is connected to a photoelectric controller.

5. A passive heat storage and power generation integrated energy device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The tank wall (4) is made of metal material and has a thickness of 2-4 mm. A heat-insulating layer (5) is installed on the outside of the tank wall (4). The heat-insulating layer (5) is filled with the same heat-insulating material as that in the space outside the heat storage tank (3).

6. A passive heat storage and power generation integrated energy device according to claim 5, characterized in that: Annular fins are installed around the heat pipes in the heat storage tank (3).

7. A working method of a passive heat storage and power generation integrated energy device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: It includes the lunar daytime heat storage stage and the lunar nighttime heat release stage.

8. The working method of a passive heat storage and power generation integrated energy device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The lunar daytime heat storage stage comprises the following steps: Step 1: The solar collector panel (1) absorbs solar radiation to collect heat; Step 2: introducing heat into the heat storage tank (3) through the heat storage heat pipe (2); Step 3: The material filled in the heat storage tank (3) undergoes phase change to absorb heat, and the heat collected by the solar thermal collector (1) is stored in the heat storage tank (3), completing the lunar daytime heat storage stage.

9. The working method of a passive heat storage and power generation integrated energy device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The moon night heat release stage comprises the following steps: Step 1: The shutter insulation structure (6) is closed, and the heat in the heat storage layer is transferred to the buffer layer (7) and the heating layer (9); Step 2: A stable temperature field is formed during the upward heat transfer process, so that a stable temperature difference is formed between the heating layer (9) and the lunar environment; Step 3: The heating layer (9) and the lunar environment are used as the heat source and cold source of the annular temperature difference generator (8) respectively, so that the annular temperature difference generator (8) can generate electricity stably.

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