A kind of efficient breeding method of Artemia

Abstract

The present invention provides an efficient breeding method for Artemia, including hatching preparation, egg treatment, hatching, feeding management, and pest and disease control. The method of the present invention uses a specific dissolving liquid to treat eggs to improve the hatching rate; during the hatching process, a special culture medium and fungicide are used to optimize the hatching conditions and ensure the healthy growth of the larvae. During the feeding and management stage, a flow-through feeding system is used to control the water flow rate, air supply, and feed feeding amount to provide a suitable growth environment for Artemia. At the same time, waste is regularly removed and biological agents are added for pest and disease control to reduce the occurrence of diseases. The method of the present invention can significantly improve the hatching rate and larval survival rate of Artemia, optimize the growth environment, improve quality and yield, meet market demand, and improve economic benefits and market competitiveness.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, and in particular to an efficient breeding method for Artemia. Background Art

[0002] Artemia, also known as brine shrimp or brine shrimp, is a small, salt-tolerant crustacean with a widespread worldwide distribution. It is classified as an arthropod, branchial, crustacean, branchiopod, accipitridae, and family Artemia. Artemia is known for its strong adaptability to adverse environments and high reproductive capacity. Its dormant eggs can be preserved for long periods of time and can be hatched to produce live larvae upon demand, in a process that takes only 18-30 hours. Artemia eggs, also known as Artemia ova, refer to the dormant eggs produced by Artemia. Currently, over 100 strains of Artemia ova have been documented worldwide. The newly hatched larvae, called nauplii, have a large amount of yolk and are rich in protein and fat (approximately 60% protein and 20% fat). Therefore, Artemia is an excellent bait for both larvae and adults of fish, shrimp, and crabs. It is reported that Artemia is currently used as a bait source for over 85% of aquaculture seedlings worldwide.

[0003] In the field of Artemia farming, traditional farming methods have some problems that limit the increase in Artemia production and the optimization of quality. First, the egg decapping effect is poor, and the hatching rate and larval survival rate during the incubation process are low, resulting in a large number of eggs failing to successfully hatch into larvae, which in turn affects the overall farming efficiency. Secondly, traditional breeding and management methods often fail to provide the most suitable growth environment for Artemia, resulting in slow larval growth and low yield. In addition, disease problems are also a major problem in traditional breeding methods, which can easily lead to diseases in Artemia, affect its healthy growth, and even cause large-scale disease transmission. Traditional Artemia breeding methods often have problems such as low hatching rate, low larval survival rate, slow growth rate, and susceptibility to disease. These problems limit the development of the Artemia farming industry and cannot meet the market demand for high-quality Artemia.

[0004] To address these issues and improve the efficiency and quality of Artemia cultivation, it is particularly urgent to develop an efficient cultivation method. This method needs to significantly increase hatching rates and larval survival rates, provide an optimal growth environment for Artemia, and effectively prevent and control the occurrence of diseases. Against this backdrop, the present invention proposes an efficient Artemia cultivation method that, by optimizing hatching techniques, feeding management, and pest and disease control measures, comprehensively improves Artemia cultivation results, meets market demand, and promotes the sustainable development of the Artemia cultivation industry. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention proposes an efficient breeding method for Artemia to solve the above problems.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is achieved as follows: A highly efficient breeding method for Artemia comprises the following steps:

[0007] S1. Incubation preparation: Use a clean container, set a light source on the top of the container, install an air tube at the bottom of the container, pump air at the bottom, add salt water, and set aside;

[0008] S2. Egg treatment: Place Artemia eggs in a dissolving solution at a temperature of 20-30°C and soak for 1-3 hours. After soaking, take them out and stir them at a speed of 5-10 rpm until they peel and separate.

[0009] S3. Incubation: Place the peeled and separated eggs into the salt water in S1 for incubation at a density of 1.5-2.5 g eggs / L. Add culture medium at the same time. The incubation temperature is 26-30°C, the pH is 7.5-8.3, and the bottom is aerated. The light intensity on the surface of the salt water is 2000-2200 lux.

[0010] S4, feeding and management: take 300-500 grams of larvae after hatching and place them in a flow tank with a water depth of 1-1.2 meters and a capacity of 10-30 tons for flow-through feeding. The flow rate is 0.3-0.8 m / s. During the breeding process, aeration is continuously supplied for 24 hours to maintain the dissolved oxygen level in the water above 0.7 mg / L. The larvae are fed with a larval diet at a feeding amount of 15-25% of the larval weight, 2-4 times a day. When the larvae are 8-12 mm long, they are fed with a rearing diet at a feeding amount of 20-40% of the adult weight, 4-6 times a day, and continue to be raised for 15-25 days;

[0011] S5. Pest and disease control: During the above-mentioned feeding and management process, remove Artemia feces, leftover bait, waste and dead eggs every 2-4 days, and add compound bacteria at an input rate of 0.3-0.7g / m 3 The body length of Artemia is greater than 15mm, and Artemia can be harvested according to market demand.

[0012] Furthermore, the dissolving solution in S2 is shikonin, trypsin and ethanol at a mass volume ratio of g / mL of (0.2-0.8):(1.2-2.5):35, and the volume fraction of the ethanol is 40-60%.

[0013] Furthermore, the concentration of the brine in S3 is 1%-2.5%.

[0014] Furthermore, the amount of culture medium added to S3 is 0.5-0.7 times the weight of the eggs.

[0015] Furthermore, the culture medium in S3 includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.22-0.85 parts of B vitamins, 0.3-0.7 parts of glutamine solution, 0.8-1.3 parts of folic acid, 1.3-2.8 parts of glucose, 0.02-0.08 parts of β-aminoethanesulfonic acid, and 0.5-1.5 parts of fungicide.

[0016] Furthermore, the fungicide is yeast polysaccharide, alliin, and limonene in a weight-to-volume ratio of (2-5) g: (0.3-1.2) g: (6-8) mL.

[0017] Furthermore, the larval feed in S4 is rice bran, fish meal, flour, soybeans and vitamin C mixed in a mass ratio of (1-3):(2-5):(0.2-1.5):(2.5-5.5):(2-5) and then crushed into particles with a particle size of 20-80 μm.

[0018] Furthermore, the insect breeding feed in S4 is a mixture of whey, spirulina powder and yeast powder in a mass ratio of (0.3-3.5):(2-5):(1.5-3.8) and then crushed into particles with a particle size of 50-130 μm.

[0019] Furthermore, the composite bacteria in S5 is any one or a combination of photosynthetic bacteria, lactobacillus, EM bacteria, and Bacillus subtilis.

[0020] Furthermore, the viable count of each bacterial species in S4 is ≥8.0×10 8 cfu / mL.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] (1) Improving hatching rate and larval survival rate: The present invention helps remove the outer membrane of the eggs through hatching preparation, egg treatment, and hatching process, especially using a specific membrane-dissolving solution to treat the eggs. The membrane removal rate reaches 98.5-99.2%. The addition of a specific culture solution and fungicide during the hatching process can effectively improve the hatching rate and larval survival rate of Artemia, with a hatching rate of 99.0-99.5% and a survival rate of 99.1-99.8%.

[0023] (2) Optimizing feeding and management: During the feeding and management phase, the present invention proposes using a flow-through feeding system. By controlling parameters such as water flow rate, air supply, and feed intake, this system provides a more suitable growth environment for Artemia. This feeding method ensures that Artemia receive adequate oxygen and nutrition while reducing the incidence of disease, thereby increasing larval growth and improving breeding efficiency.

[0024] (3) Reducing the occurrence of diseases: The pest control measures mentioned in the patent include regular removal of Artemia feces, leftover bait waste and dead eggs, and the addition of biological agents such as compound bacteria. These measures can effectively reduce the occurrence and spread of diseases and ensure the healthy growth of Artemia.

[0025] (4) Improve the quality and market competitiveness of Artemia: By optimizing feeding management and pest control measures, this patent can improve the quality and yield of Artemia, with the yield reaching 7.2-7.8kg / m 3 , thereby meeting market demand and improving the economic benefits and market competitiveness of farmers. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] In order to better understand the technical content of the present invention, specific examples are provided below to further illustrate the present invention.

[0027] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the examples of the present invention are all conventional methods.

[0028] Unless otherwise specified, the materials, reagents, etc. used in the examples of the present invention can be obtained from commercial sources.

[0029] Example 1

[0030] An efficient breeding method for Artemia comprises the following steps:

[0031] S1. Incubation preparation: Use a clean container, set a light source on the top of the container, install an air tube at the bottom of the container, pump air at the bottom, add salt water, and set aside;

[0032] S2. Egg treatment: Soak the eggs in a membrane dissolving solution at 20°C for 1 hour. The membrane dissolving solution consists of shikonin, trypsin, and ethanol at a mass volume ratio of 0.2:1.2:35 (g / mL), with a volume fraction of ethanol of 40%. After soaking, remove the eggs and stir at 5 rpm until the skin is peeled and separated.

[0033] S3. Incubation: The dehulled and separated eggs were placed in the 1% saline solution prepared in S1 for incubation at a density of 1.5 g eggs / L. A culture solution 0.5 times the weight of the eggs was added. The culture solution contained the following ingredients in parts by weight: 0.22 parts of B vitamins, 0.3 parts of glutamine solution, 0.8 parts of folic acid, 1.3 parts of glucose, 0.02 parts of β-aminoethanesulfonic acid, and 0.5 parts of a fungicide, wherein the fungicide was yeast polysaccharide, alliin, and limonene in a weight-to-volume ratio of 2 g:0.3 g:6 mL. The incubation temperature was 26°C, the pH was 7.5, the bottom was aerated, and the light intensity on the surface of the saline solution was 2000 lux.

[0034] S4, feeding and management: take 300 grams of larvae after hatching and place them in a flow tank with a water depth of 1 meter and a capacity of 10 tons for flow-through feeding, with a flow rate of 0.3 m / s. During the breeding process, air is supplied continuously for 24 hours to maintain the dissolved oxygen of the water at more than 0.7 mg / L. Feed the larvae with a feed of 15% of the larval weight, twice a day. When the larvae are 8 mm long, feed them with a rearing feed of 20% of the adult weight, four times a day, and continue to raise them for 15 days; the larval feed is a mixture of rice bran, fish meal, flour, soybeans and vitamin C in a mass ratio of 1:2:0.2:2.5:2, crushed to a particle size of 20-80 μm; the rearing feed is a mixture of whey, spirulina powder and yeast powder in a mass ratio of 0.3:2:1.5, crushed to a particle size of 50 μm;

[0035] S5. Pest and disease control: During the above-mentioned feeding and management process, remove Artemia feces, leftover bait, waste and dead eggs every 2 days, and add bacteria with a live count of ≥8.0×10 8 cfu / mL of photosynthetic bacteria, the input amount is 0.3g / m 3 The body length of Artemia is greater than 15mm, and Artemia can be harvested according to market demand.

[0036] Example 2

[0037] An efficient breeding method for Artemia comprises the following steps:

[0038] S1. Incubation preparation: Use a clean container, set a light source on the top of the container, install an air tube at the bottom of the container, pump air at the bottom, add salt water, and set aside;

[0039] S2. Egg treatment: Soak Artemia eggs in a membrane dissolving solution at 30°C for 3 h. The membrane dissolving solution consists of shikonin, trypsin, and ethanol at a mass volume ratio of 0.8:2.5:35 (g / mL), with a volume fraction of ethanol of 60%. After soaking, remove the eggs and stir at 10 rpm until the skin is peeled and separated.

[0040] S3. Incubation: The dehulled and separated eggs were placed in the 2.5% saline solution prepared in S1 for incubation at a density of 2.5 g eggs / L. A culture solution 0.7 times the weight of the eggs was added. The culture solution contained the following ingredients in parts by weight: 0.85 parts of B vitamins, 0.7 parts of glutamine solution, 1.3 parts of folic acid, 2.8 parts of glucose, 0.08 parts of β-aminoethanesulfonic acid, and 1.5 parts of a fungicide, wherein the fungicide was yeast polysaccharide, alliin, and limonene in a weight-to-volume ratio of 5 g:1.2 g:8 mL. The incubation temperature was 30°C, the pH was 8.3, the bottom was aerated, and the light intensity on the surface of the saline solution was 2200 lux.

[0041] S4, feeding and management: take 500 grams of larvae after hatching and place them in a flow tank with a water depth of 1.2 meters and a capacity of 30 tons for flow-through feeding, with a flow rate of 0.8 m / s. During the breeding process, air is supplied continuously for 24 hours to maintain the dissolved oxygen of the water at more than 0.7 mg / L. Feed the larvae with a feed of 25% of the larval weight, four times a day, and when the larvae are 12 mm long, feed them with a rearing feed of 40% of the adult weight, six times a day, and continue to raise them for 25 days; the larval feed is a mixture of rice bran, fish meal, flour, soybeans and vitamin C in a mass ratio of 3:5:1.5:5.5:5, crushed to a particle size of 80 μm; the rearing feed is a mixture of whey, spirulina powder and yeast powder in a mass ratio of 3.5:5:3.8, crushed to a particle size of 130 μm;

[0042] S5. Pest and disease control: During the above-mentioned feeding and management process, remove Artemia feces, leftover bait, waste and dead eggs every 4 days, and add bacteria with a live count of ≥8.0×10 8 cfu / mL of lactobacillus, the dosage is 0.7g / m 3 The body length of Artemia is greater than 15mm, and Artemia can be harvested according to market demand.

[0043] Example 3

[0044] An efficient breeding method for Artemia comprises the following steps:

[0045] S1. Incubation preparation: Use a clean container, set a light source on the top of the container, install an air tube at the bottom of the container, pump air at the bottom, add salt water, and set aside;

[0046] S2. Egg treatment: Soak Artemia eggs in a membrane dissolving solution at 25°C for 2 h. The membrane dissolving solution consists of shikonin, trypsin, and ethanol at a mass volume ratio of 0.5:1.8:35 (g / mL), with a volume fraction of 50% ethanol. After soaking, remove the eggs and stir at 8 rpm until the skin is peeled and separated.

[0047] S3. Incubation: The dehulled and separated eggs were placed in the 1.8% saline solution prepared in S1 for incubation at a density of 2 g eggs / L. A culture solution 0.6 times the weight of the eggs was added. The culture solution contained the following ingredients in parts by weight: 0.55 parts of B vitamins, 0.5 parts of glutamine solution, 1.2 parts of folic acid, 2.0 parts of glucose, 0.05 parts of β-aminoethanesulfonic acid, and 1 part of a fungicide (zymosan, alliin, and limonene in a weight-to-volume ratio of 3 g:1.8 g:7 mL). The incubation temperature was 28°C, the pH was 8.0, the bottom was aerated, and the light intensity on the surface of the saline solution was 2100 lux.

[0048] S4, feeding management: take 400 grams of larvae after hatching and place them in a flow tank with a water depth of 1.1 meters and a capacity of 20 tons for flow-through feeding, with a flow rate of 0.5 m / s. During the breeding process, air is supplied continuously for 24 hours to maintain the dissolved oxygen of the water at more than 0.7 mg / L. Feed the larvae with a feed of 20% of the larval weight, three times a day. When the larvae are 10 mm long, feed them with a rearing feed of 30% of the adult weight, five times a day, and continue to raise them for 20 days. The larval feed is a mixture of rice bran, fish meal, flour, soybeans and vitamin C in a mass ratio of 2:3:0.8:4:3, crushed to a particle size of 50 μm; the rearing feed is a mixture of whey, spirulina powder and yeast powder in a mass ratio of 1.8:4:2.6, crushed to a particle size of 80 μm.

[0049] S5. Pest and disease control: During the above-mentioned feeding and management process, remove Artemia feces, leftover bait, waste and dead eggs every 3 days, and add bacteria with a live count of ≥8.0×10 8 cfu / mL of EM bacteria, the dosage is 0.5g / m 3 The body length of Artemia is greater than 15mm, and Artemia can be harvested according to market demand.

[0050] Comparative Example 1

[0051] The difference between this comparative example and Example 3 is that in the efficient breeding method of Artemia spp., Artemia spp. eggs are not immersed in the membrane-dissolving solution in step S2.

[0052] Comparative Example 2

[0053] The difference between this comparative example and Example 3 is that in the efficient breeding method for Artemia, no culture medium is added in the S3 incubation step, and only salt water is used for incubation.

[0054] Comparative Example 3

[0055] The difference between this comparative example and Example 3 is that no bactericide is added to the culture solution.

[0056] Comparative Example 4

[0057] The difference between this comparative example and Example 3 is that, in the feeding management, no flow-through feeding is performed, but the larvae are placed in a brooding box for cultivation, specifically: 400 grams of larvae after hatching are placed in a flow-through box with a water depth of 1.1 meters and a capacity of 20 tons for breeding. During the breeding process, air is continuously supplied for 24 hours to maintain the dissolved oxygen of the water at above 0.7 mg / L. The larvae are fed with a feed at a feeding amount of 20% of the weight of the larvae, and fed 3 times a day. When the larvae are 10 mm long, they are fed with a breeding feed at a feeding amount of 30% of the weight of the adults, and fed 5 times a day, and the breeding is continued for 20 days; the larval feed is rice bran, fish meal, flour, soybeans and vitamin C mixed in a mass ratio of 2:3:0.8:4:3 and crushed to particles with a particle size of 50 μm; the breeding feed is whey, spirulina powder and yeast powder mixed in a mass ratio of 1.8:4:2.6 and crushed to particles with a particle size of 80 μm.

[0058] 1. Effect Test

[0059] The methods of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were used to culture Artemia, and the decapping rate, survival rate, and fertilization rate of Artemia eggs were tested. The test results are as follows:

[0060] Demolding rate% Hatching rate (%) Survival rate (%) <![CDATA[Output (kg / m 3 )]]> Example 1 98.5 99.1 99.1 7.2 Example 2 99.0 99.0 99.5 7.5 Example 3 99.2 99.5 99.8 7.8 Comparative Example 1 80.1 81.6 76.2 6.8 Comparative Example 2 89.2 75.2 75.4 6.7 Comparative Example 3 88.2 77.8 74.2 6.2 Comparative Example 4 92.8 78.9 76.7 6.5

[0061] The above results show that the breeding method of the present invention promotes a high molting rate of Artemia eggs, promotes egg hatching, and improves the survival rate and yield of Artemia.

[0062] Comparing Example 3 with Comparative Example 1, soaking the eggs in the membrane-dissolving solution of the present invention during treatment not only helps remove the outer shell of the eggs, but also further dissolves the keratin in the egg membrane. This treatment allows the embryos of the Artemia eggs to be fully exposed, facilitating subsequent hatching.

[0063] By comparing Example 3 with Comparative Example 2, the addition of the culture solution of the present invention during the hatching process provides necessary nutrients for the Artemia eggs, accelerates the development and hatching of the eggs, improves the hatching rate, and at the same time maintains the osmotic balance between the culture solution and the salt water, providing a suitable hatching environment for the Artemia eggs, thereby improving the hatching efficiency.

[0064] Comparison between Example 3 and Comparative Example 3 shows that adding a fungicide to the culture medium can help maintain the stability of the incubation environment. During the incubation process, the presence of the fungicide helps to decompose organic matter and release nutrients. Among them, yeast polysaccharide can enhance the immunity of Artemia and promote its growth and reproduction. Alliin can also enhance the capacity of Artemia's own immune cells and enhance the function of phagocytes, with dual effects. Limonene interferes with the metabolic process of bacteria, thereby preventing their growth and reproduction, thereby achieving a bactericidal and antibacterial effect.

[0065] Comparing Example 3 with Comparative Example 4, the use of flowing water in feeding and management shows that the continuously flowing water helps maintain the dissolved oxygen level in the water, meeting the oxygen needs of Artemia and effectively removing metabolic waste and excess food residues, thereby keeping the water clean and stable. This helps reduce the incidence of disease and improve the survival rate and growth rate of Artemia. Due to the effect of water flow, the survival and spread of pathogens and parasites in the water are limited, thereby reducing the risk of disease outbreaks.

[0066] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An efficient breeding method for Artemia, characterized by: The following steps are involved: S1. Incubation preparation: Use a clean container, set a light source on the top of the container, install an air tube at the bottom of the container, pump air at the bottom, add salt water, and set aside; S2. Egg treatment: Soak the eggs in a membrane dissolving solution at a temperature of 20-30°C for 1-3 hours. After soaking, remove the eggs and stir at a speed of 5-10 rpm until the skin is peeled and separated. The membrane dissolving solution contains shikonin, trypsin and ethanol in a mass volume ratio of g / mL (0.2-0.8):(1.2-2.5):35, and the volume fraction of the ethanol is 40-60%; S3, incubation: the dehulled and separated eggs are placed in the salt water in S1 for incubation at a density of 1.5-2.5 g eggs / L, and culture medium is added at the same time, the amount of culture medium added is 0.5-0.7 times the weight of the eggs, the incubation temperature is 26-30°C, the pH is 7.5-8.3, the bottom is aerated, and the light intensity on the salt water surface is 2000-2200 lux. The culture medium comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.22-0.85 parts of B vitamins, 0.3-0.7 parts of glutamine solution, 0.8-1.3 parts of folic acid, 1.3-2.8 parts of glucose, 0.02-0.08 parts of β-aminoethanesulfonic acid, and 0.5-1.5 parts of a fungicide, wherein the fungicide is yeast polysaccharide, alliin, and limonene in a weight-to-volume ratio of (2-5) g:(0.3-1.2) g:(6-8) mL; S4, feeding and management: after hatching, 300-500 grams of larvae are placed in a flow tank with a water depth of 1-1.2 meters and a capacity of 10-30 tons for flow-through feeding. The flow rate is 0.3-0.8 m / s. During the breeding process, aeration is continuously supplied for 24 hours to maintain the dissolved oxygen level in the water above 0.7 mg / L. Larvae are fed with a feed at a rate of 15-25% of their weight, 2-4 times a day. When the larvae are 8-12 mm long, they are fed with a rearing feed at a rate of 20-40% of their weight as adults, 4-6 times a day, and continue to be raised for 15-25 days. S5. Disease and pest control: During the above-mentioned breeding and management process, remove Artemia feces, leftover bait waste and dead eggs every 2-4 days, add composite bacteria at an input amount of 0.3-0.7g / m3, Artemia body length>15mm, and harvest Artemia according to market demand.

2. The efficient breeding method of Artemia according to claim 1, characterized in that: The salt water concentration in S3 is 1%-2.5%.

3. The efficient breeding method of Artemia according to claim 1, characterized in that: The larval feed in S4 is rice bran, fish meal, flour, soybeans and vitamin C mixed in a mass ratio of (1-3):(2-5):(0.2-1.5):(2.5-5.5):(2-5) and then crushed into particles with a particle size of 20-80 μm.

4. The efficient breeding method of Artemia according to claim 1, characterized in that: The insect breeding feed in S4 is a mixture of whey, spirulina powder and yeast powder in a mass ratio of (0.3-3.5):(2-5):(1.5-3.8) and then crushed into particles with a particle size of 50-130 μm.

5. The efficient breeding method of Artemia according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composite bacteria in S5 is any one or a combination of photosynthetic bacteria, lactobacillus, EM bacteria, and Bacillus subtilis.

6. The efficient breeding method of Artemia according to claim 5, characterized in that: The viable count of each bacterial species in S4 is ≥8.0×10 8 cfu / mL.