Mining method of concentrated hopper loading in the footwall of gently inclined thin ore veins

Abstract

The mining method of concentrated funnel loading in the footwall of gently inclined thin ore veins is to divide the ore body into ore blocks along the strike and inclination of the ore body. Each ore block is an independent mining unit. The stope-side vein roadway is arranged at the bottom of the ore block, and the automobile transportation roadway is arranged in the footwall of the ore body. The stope-side vein roadway and the automobile transportation roadway are connected through the ore-exit vein and the stope slope connecting road, forming a channel for personnel and equipment to enter and exit the stope; in the center of the ore block, the return air is excavated from the stope-side vein roadway against the inclination direction of the ore body, and the return air roadway is driven up the mountain to form a return air channel within the ore block. A collecting funnel is arranged at the center of the bottom of the ore block, which passes through the mining area and the ore-discharging vein to form an ore-discharging channel. During mining, the return air uphill is used as the free surface, advancing from the center of the ore block to both sides of the ore block, and shallow holes are used for ore dropping. The collapsed ore is rake-pulled to the collecting funnel by an electric rake, and directly loaded into the car located at the ore-discharging vein through the collecting funnel, and transported to the middle main chute for ore discharge by the car; safety pillars and inter-block pillars are left around the ore block, and mining point pillars are left in the ore block to support the stability of the mining area, which has the advantages of improving efficiency and making full use of and optimizing larger space.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of underground mining of metal mines, in particular to a centralized funnel loading mining method for the footwall of a gently inclined thin ore vein. Background Art

[0002] Gently inclined, thin ore bodies are common in underground metal mining operations. Their inclination often exceeds the maximum climbing gradient for trackless equipment, making them difficult to extract using scrapers. For these low-value, gently inclined, thin ore bodies, a comprehensive method using electric rakes is typically employed. This comprehensive method typically involves regularly arranging ore pillars along strike and dip, with either two sections of electric rakes deployed along the dip and strike for centralized extraction, or multiple chutes deployed along strike for zoned extraction. The two-section electric rake method requires two hauls, resulting in low rake efficiency, while multiple chutes for zoned extraction increase the amount of mining work and increase mining costs.

[0003] In summary, the existing comprehensive mining method for the mining of gently inclined thin veins has a large room for optimization in terms of efficiency and cost. After searching by our research team, no public reports related to the centralized funnel loading mining method in the footwall of gently inclined thin veins were found.

[0004] Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a centralized funnel loading mining method for the footwall of gently inclined thin ore veins. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The task of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology and propose a centralized funnel loading mining method for the footwall of a gently inclined thin ore vein, which can not only improve efficiency but also fully utilize and optimize a larger space.

[0006] 1. The centralized funnel loading mining method for the footwall of gently inclined thin ore veins aims to solve the problems of low mining efficiency and high mining cost of gently inclined thin ore veins. The ore body is divided into ore blocks along the strike and inclination of the ore body. Each ore block is an independent mining unit. The stope-side vein roadway is arranged at the bottom of the ore block, and the automobile transportation roadway is arranged in the footwall of the ore body. The stope-side vein roadway and the automobile transportation roadway are connected through the ore-exit vein and the stope slope connecting road, forming a passage for personnel and equipment to enter and exit the stope. In the center of the ore block, the stope-side vein roadway is opened from the stope-side vein roadway against the inclination direction of the ore body. At the beginning of excavation, the return air goes uphill through the return air tunnel to form a return air channel in the ore block. A collecting funnel is arranged in the center of the bottom of the ore block, which goes through the mining area and the ore-discharging vein to form an ore-discharging channel. During mining, the return air goes uphill as the free surface and advances from the center of the ore block to both sides of the ore block. Shallow holes are used for ore dropping, and the collapsed ore is raked to the collecting funnel by an electric rake and directly loaded into the car located at the ore-discharging vein through the collecting funnel. The car is then transported to the middle main chute for ore discharge. Safety pillars and inter-block pillars are left around the ore block, and mining point pillars are left in the ore block to support the stability of the mining area.

[0007] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages or effects:

[0008] Because the mining operation has a ore collection chute, the ore is directly loaded into the car by the funnel. The mine raking and car loading are independent of each other and do not affect each other, so it is beneficial to the improvement of the mining production capacity; at the same time, since the development system can be used interchangeably with the development system of the trolley drilling and the ore discharge by the scraper, it is convenient for the mine to realize mechanized operation, so it is convenient for production organization and management; in addition, since the electric rake is used to rake the ore from one section to the funnel for direct loading, the mining area can reduce secondary transportation.

[0009] In summary, the technical solution of the present invention is simple and easy to design, has low technical requirements, is highly adaptable to changes in the occurrence of ore bodies, and is suitable for mining various gently inclined, inclined and different thickness ore bodies.

[0010] The slope x% mentioned in the application documents refers to the height xm occupied by a horizontal line of 100m. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] Figure 1 The diagram is a top view of the stope layout of a centralized funnel loading mining method for the footwall of a gently inclined thin ore vein proposed by the present invention.

[0012] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A side view schematic diagram of the stope layout is shown.

[0013] The symbols in the accompanying drawings represent:

[0014] 1. Automobile transport tunnel 2. Safety pillars 3. Mining area vein tunnel 4. Mining area slope connecting road 5. Ore discharge through vein 6. Return air uphill 7. Mining area point pillars 8. Ore block pillars 9. Return air tunnel 10. Ore collecting funnel 11. Electric rake 12. Collapsed ore.

[0015] The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] like Figures 1-2As shown, the concentrated funnel loading mining method for the footwall of gently inclined thin ore veins aims at the problems of low mining efficiency and high mining cost of gently inclined thin ore veins. The ore body is divided into ore blocks along the strike and inclination of the ore body, and each ore block is an independent mining unit. A mine-side vein tunnel 3 is arranged at the lower part of the ore block, and a car transport tunnel 1 is arranged at the footwall of the ore body. The mine-side vein tunnel 3 and the car transport tunnel 1 are connected through the ore-discharging vein 5 and the mine-side slope connecting road 4, forming a passage for personnel and equipment to enter and exit the mine. In the center of the ore block, the return air uphill 6 is excavated from the mine-side vein tunnel 3 against the inclination direction of the ore body to penetrate the return air tunnel 9 to form a return air channel in the ore block. A collecting funnel 10 is arranged at the center of the bottom of the ore block to penetrate the mine and the ore-discharging vein 5 to form a ore-discharging channel. During mining, the return air uphill 6 is used as the free surface to advance from the center of the ore block to both sides of the ore block, and shallow holes are used to drop ore. The ore is raked by the electric rake 11 to the collecting hopper 10, and directly loaded into the car located at the ore-discharging vein 5 through the collecting hopper 10, and transported to the middle main chute for discharge by the car; safety pillars 2 and inter-block pillars 8 are left around the ore block, and stope point pillars 7 are left inside the ore block to support the stability of the stope.

[0017] The process of the present invention may further be:

[0018] The strike length of the ore block is 80 to 100 meters, and the oblique length in the inclined direction is 50 to 60 meters.

[0019] The stope vein tunnel 3 is determined based on the ore body plan and oblique profile or the ore body contour profile. Taking the stope vein tunnel 3 as the benchmark, the footwall automobile transport tunnel 1 is arranged at a vertical height of 5.5 to 6.5 meters and a horizontal distance of about 25 meters from the stope vein tunnel 3.

[0020] The ore-discharging vein 5 is arranged at an edge-to-edge distance of about 0.7m on one side of the return air uphill 6 in the center of the mining field. A collecting funnel 10 is arranged in the ore-discharging vein 5 about 14m away from the vein tunnel 3 along the mining field. The upper part of the ore-collecting funnel 10 passes through the mining field and expands into a rectangle, which is convenient for electric rake ore discharging and collecting.

[0021] The stope slope connecting road 4 is arranged at the end of the ore-exiting vein 5 along the stope vein roadway safety pillar 2 and passes through the stope vein roadway 3. The stope slope connecting road 4 has a slope of about 20%.

[0022] The safety pillars 2 are located on both sides of the vein tunnel 3 in the mining area, with a width of 2.5m. The ore block pillars 8 are arranged in the form of point pillars with a center distance of 15m and a diameter of 5m. In order to facilitate the centralized discharge of ore from the chute, the mining area point pillars 7 are arranged radially with the ore collecting funnel 10 as the center. The center distance of the mining area point pillars 7 is 6 to 10mm, the diameter is 3m, and 3m wide strips are arranged locally.

[0023] The automobile transport tunnel 1, the ore-exiting vein 5, the stope slope connecting road 4 and the stope vein tunnel 3 are used for personnel and equipment to enter and exit the stope in sequence.

[0024] The automobile transport tunnel 1, the ore-exiting vein 5, the stope slope connecting road 4 and the stope vein tunnel 3 provide fresh air to flow sequentially into the stope, and after washing the working face, the polluted air is discharged through the return air tunnel 9.

[0025] The collapsed ore 12 is raked by an electric rake 11 to a stope collecting hopper 10, and is placed into a car located at the ore-discharging vein 5 through the ore-discharging hopper 10, and is transported by the car to the middle section main chute for ore discharging.

[0026] As described above, the present invention can be better implemented. The above embodiments are only the best implementation methods of the present invention, but the implementation methods of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments. Other changes, modifications, replacements, combinations, and simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention should be considered equivalent replacement methods and are included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. The mining method of concentrated funnel loading in the footwall of gently inclined thin ore vein is characterized by The ore body is divided into ore blocks along the strike and inclination of the ore body. Each ore block is an independent mining unit. A mine-side vein tunnel (3) is arranged at the bottom of the ore block, and a vehicle transport tunnel (1) is arranged at the foot of the ore body. The mine-side vein tunnel (3) and the vehicle transport tunnel (1) are connected through the ore-exit vein (5) and the mine-side slope connecting road (4), forming a passage for personnel and equipment to enter and exit the mine. In the center of the ore block, the return air uphill (6) is excavated from the mine-side vein tunnel (3) against the inclination direction of the ore body to penetrate the return air tunnel (9), forming a return air passage in the ore block. A collecting hopper (10) is arranged at the center of the bottom of the block, which passes through the mining area and the mining vein (5) to form a mining channel. During mining, the return air uphill (6) is used as the free surface to advance from the center of the ore block to both sides of the ore block. Shallow holes are used for mining. The collapsed ore (12) is raked to the collecting hopper (10) by an electric rake (11), and directly loaded into the car located at the mining vein (5) through the collecting hopper (10). The car is transported to the middle main chute for mining. Safety pillars (2) and inter-block pillars (8) are left around the ore block, and mining point pillars (7) are left in the ore block to support the stability of the mining area.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein The strike length of the ore block is 80 to 100 meters, and the oblique length in the inclined direction is 50 to 60 meters.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein The stope-side vein roadway (3) is determined based on the ore body plan and oblique profile or the ore body contour profile. Taking the stope-side vein roadway (3) as a reference, the footwall automobile transport roadway (1) is arranged at a vertical height of 5.5 to 6.5 meters and a horizontal distance of 25 meters from the stope-side vein roadway (3).

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein The ore-discharging vein (5) is arranged at a side-to-side distance of 0.7 m on one side of the return air uphill (6) in the center of the mining field. An ore-collecting funnel (10) is arranged 14 m away from the mining field along-vein roadway (3) in the ore-discharging vein (5). The upper part of the ore-collecting funnel (10) is connected to the mining field and expanded into a rectangle, which is convenient for electric rake ore discharging and ore collection.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein The stope slope connecting road (4) is arranged at the end of the ore-exiting vein (5) along the stope vein lane safety pillar (2), and passes through the stope vein lane (3). The stope slope connecting road (4) has a slope of 20%.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein The safety pillars (2) are located on both sides of the vein roadway (3) in the mining area, with a width of 2.5m. The inter-block pillars (8) are arranged in the form of point pillars with a center distance of 15m and a diameter of 5m. In order to facilitate the centralized discharge of ore from the chute, the mining area point pillars (7) are arranged radially with the ore collecting funnel (10) as the center. The center distance of the mining area point pillars (7) is 6-10m, the diameter is 3m, and 3m wide strip pillars are arranged locally.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein The automobile transport laneway (1), the ore-exiting vein (5), the stope slope connecting road (4) and the stope vein laneway (3) allow personnel and equipment to enter and exit the stope in sequence.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein The automobile transport laneway (1), the ore-exiting vein (5), the stope slope connecting road (4) and the stope vein laneway (3) allow fresh air to flow sequentially into the stope, and after washing the working face, the polluted air is discharged through the return air laneway (9).

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein The collapsed ore (12) is raked by an electric rake (11) to a stope collecting hopper (10), and is placed in a car located at the ore-discharging vein (5) through the ore-discharging hopper (10), and is transported by the car to the middle section main chute for ore discharging.

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