Energy and nitrogen synchronously releasing granular feed for calves and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a calf energy-nitrogen synchronous release pellet feed and a preparation method thereof, which comprises the following raw materials by weight: 22-28 parts of soybean meal, 5-10 parts of cottonseed meal, 5-10 parts of rapeseed meal, 1-2 parts of sesame meal, 10-15 parts of modified corn protein powder, 20-26 parts of composite corn starch, 1-2 parts of puffed corn flour, 3-6 parts of DDGS, 2-5 parts of molasses, 20-26 parts of corn husk, 4-8 parts of premix, 1-3 parts of cassava starch, and 0.5-1.5 parts of brewer's yeast culture. The pellet feed is prepared by modifying corn starch, delaying its digestion rate, making the degradation and release law of corn starch in the small intestine match the rate of amino acid release of protein substances such as soybean meal, cottonseed meal, sesame meal, rapeseed meal, and modified corn protein powder, so that when protein releases amino acids, the composite corn starch can also slowly release glucose to provide energy, reduce the energy supply ratio of amino acids as energy substances, and promote efficient amino acid deposition.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of calf feed, and particularly relates to an energy and nitrogen synchronously releasing granular feed for calves and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Calf refers to the period from birth to six months of age. Although this stage is short in the life of dairy cows, it is a very complex stage. When the calf is just born, only the abomasum has digestive function. During this period, the calf's feed is mainly liquid milk. As the calf grows older, the calf gradually increases its intake of plant feed, and the rumen, reticulum and omasum develop further, and the volume increases rapidly. At 6 to 12 months of age, the volume ratio of the calf's stomach chamber reaches the level of adult ruminants, with the rumen accounting for about 60% to 80% and the abomasum accounting for 8% to 11% of the total stomach volume. It has gone through a process from being incompletely developed at birth to gradually establishing the rumination function.

[0003] Calf training is very important in dairy cow production. Good training in the calf stage can help the calf establish normal rumen function as early as possible, lay a good foundation for digesting a large amount of roughage in the adult stage, and give full play to the genetic potential of production performance. Due to the long production cycle of dairy cows, it takes about two years for calves to go into production after birth. Only after the cow produces milk can the dairy farm recover the initial training costs and create economic benefits. Therefore, good training of replacement cows is the basis for the sustainable development of dairy farms. And calves are the most important stage in the training of replacement cows. First of all, good training in the calf stage can help the calf establish normal rumen function as early as possible, lay a good foundation for digesting a large amount of roughage in the adult stage, and give full play to the genetic potential of production performance; secondly, good training of calves can enable them to reach the weight and height requirements for breeding at 13-14 months of age, shorten the age of production, and create economic benefits for the dairy farm as early as possible.

[0004] Chinese patent CN106721191A discloses a method for preparing a calf starter feed. The preparation method comprises: crushing raw materials such as soybean meal, cottonseed meal, and DDGS, and mixing them with molasses to obtain material A; tempering and granulating material A to obtain granular material; after cooling the granular material, mixing it with flaked grains, spraying an aqueous solution of a mildew inhibitor on the surface of the mixture of granular material and flaked grains to obtain material B; spraying soybean oil on the surface of material B, mixing for 40 to 60 seconds, spraying 17% to 40% molasses, stirring for 3 to 5 minutes, and obtaining material C; after cooling material C for 20 to 30 minutes, spraying the remaining molasses to obtain a calf starter feed. The starter feed prepared by the present invention increases the feed intake of calves, increases daily weight gain, and reduces the value of diet conversion efficiency; can inhibit calf diarrhea and reduce feces scores; and also increases the chest depth and chest width of calves, which is beneficial to the body size development of calves. However, the patent does not take into account the matching problem of digestion rates of amino acids and glucose in the starter feed in the intestine, which may result in low utilization of protein substances by calves.

[0005] Due to the particularity of the calf's digestive system, newborn calves have special rumen, reticulum and omasum, which is different from monogastric animals. Due to the unique functions of the undeveloped forestomach and esophageal groove, the digestive enzyme activity of the abomasum and intestine is more similar to that of monogastric animals. For calves, when the rumen function is not yet fully developed, the main digestive process of the calf is mainly chemical digestion in the abomasum-small intestine. In this process, protein is degraded into amino acids, lactose is degraded into galactose and glucose, starch is degraded into glucose, and fatty acids are combined with bile salts to form chylomicrons and absorbed by the intestine. However, the above patent does not consider the problem of matching the rate of glucose released by the digestion of energy substances in the formula with the rate of amino acid release by the digestion of proteins in the small intestine. Since the digestion rate of energy substances in the small intestine is fast and the digestion rate of proteins is slow, the degradation rates of energy carrier substances and nitrogen-containing substances do not match. During the intestinal digestion process, the small intestine consumes energy to transport nutrients. When glucose is insufficient, amino acids are consumed for energy. Due to the low energy value of amino acids, they are consumed in large quantities as energy substances, thus affecting the production performance of animals. At the same time, excessive nutrients are excreted from feces and urine, causing environmental pollution and increasing production costs. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a calf energy and nitrogen synchronous release pellet feed and a preparation method thereof. The pellet feed is prepared by modifying corn starch to slow down its digestion rate so that the degradation and release pattern of corn starch in the small intestine matches the rate of amino acid release of protein substances such as soybean meal, cottonseed meal, sesame meal, rapeseed meal, and modified corn protein powder. When the protein releases amino acids, the composite corn starch can also slowly release glucose to provide energy, thereby reducing the energy supply ratio of amino acids as energy substances, thereby promoting efficient amino acid deposition.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] A calf energy and nitrogen synchronous release granular feed, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0009] 22-28 parts of soybean meal, 5-10 parts of cottonseed meal, 5-10 parts of rapeseed meal, 1-2 parts of sesame meal, 10-15 parts of modified corn gluten powder, 20-26 parts of composite corn starch, 1-2 parts of puffed corn flour, 3-6 parts of DDGS, 2-5 parts of molasses, 20-26 parts of corn bran, 4-8 parts of premix, 1-3 parts of cassava starch, and 0.5-1.5 parts of brewer's yeast culture.

[0010] Preferably, a pellet feed for calves comprises the following raw materials by weight:

[0011] 24-26 parts of soybean meal, 5-8 parts of cottonseed meal, 5-8 parts of rapeseed meal, 1-1.5 parts of sesame meal, 10-12 parts of modified corn gluten powder, 22-24 parts of compound corn starch, 1-1.5 parts of puffed corn flour, 3-5 parts of DDGS, 3-5 parts of molasses, 22-26 parts of corn bran, 4-6 parts of premix, 1-2 parts of cassava starch, and 0.5-1 parts of brewer's yeast culture.

[0012] Preferably, the premix consists of 40000-60000 IU / kg of vitamin A, 7000-9000 IU / kg of vitamin D, 800-1000 IU / kg of vitamin E, 30-50 g / kg of calcium, 10-20 g / kg of phosphorus, 3-6 g / kg of magnesium, 8-12 g / kg of sodium, 5-8 g / kg of zinc, 5-8 g / kg of manganese, 1.5-2.5 g / kg of copper, 10-15 g / kg of iron, 0.1-0.2 g / kg of iodine, 0.03-0.06 g / kg of selenium, 0.03-0.06 g / kg of cobalt, 0.01-0.03 g / kg of molybdenum, 0.05-0.08 g / kg of boron, and the rest are carriers.

[0013] In the present invention, the protein source is mainly a mixture of soybean meal, cottonseed meal, sesame meal and rapeseed meal, which not only makes the amino acid composition in the pellets more balanced, but also has the characteristics of high nutritional value and good digestibility. At the same time, rapeseed meal and cottonseed meal are rich in crude protein and trace elements such as iron, manganese and zinc, which can supplement various trace elements required by calves during their growth.

[0014] In the present invention, the mechanism of action of the vitamin A and D metabolites in the premix is ​​to affect cell differentiation, tissue development and signal transduction of immune cells by regulating the growth and immunity of target nuclear receptors. Vitamin E is an antioxidant that can protect the unsaturated fatty acids in the cell membrane from being oxidized and destroyed by respiration and inflammatory response. Therefore, supplementing vitamins A, D and E in pellet feed helps promote the healthy growth of newborn calves, and other trace elements can supplement various elements necessary for the normal physiological functions of calves during their growth.

[0015] In the present invention, the brewer's yeast culture is a natural fermentation product obtained by solid fermentation, concentration, drying and other treatments using brewer's yeast as the strain. Its effective ingredients are mainly extracellular metabolites of brewer's cells, containing mannan, vitamins, proteins, amino acids, nucleotides, peptides and other substances. It has immunomodulatory function, can effectively promote the digestion of fiber, and can also maintain various balances in the rumen environment, which is beneficial to the intestinal health of ruminants, improves their immune function, and promotes the growth of calves.

[0016] In the present invention, the added molasses is a by-product of sugar production from beets, sugar canes, etc., and is rich in carbohydrates such as sucrose, glucose, fructose, etc., with a content generally ranging from 40% to 46%. It also contains a variety of nutrients such as protein, minerals, vitamins, etc. Molasses contains a large amount of fermentable metabolizable energy, and is an optimized and readily available energy substance for rumen microorganisms of ruminants.

[0017] In the present invention, the added puffed corn flour and corn husk can be used as the early energy supply to ensure that the overall energy substance of the granular material is sufficient, and the composite corn starch can ensure that there will be energy substances to provide glucose later due to its slow digestion characteristics, thereby reducing the energy supply ratio of amino acids as energy substances and improving the deposition efficiency of amino acids.

[0018] Preferably, the method for preparing the composite corn starch comprises the following steps:

[0019] S1. Add corn starch to sodium acetate buffer, soak at room temperature for 24 hours, filter, wash and dry after soaking, add solid product to deionized water, perform wet heat treatment to obtain starch paste, add type II pullulanase to perform enzymolysis after cooling to room temperature, inactivate enzyme with boiling water after enzymolysis, add 4 times volume of anhydrous ethanol to cool to room temperature, let stand and precipitate, centrifuge, add precipitate to deionized water, store at 4°C for 24 hours, and then freeze-dry to obtain pretreated corn starch;

[0020] S2, adding the pretreated corn starch in step S1 to deionized water to form a starch emulsion, adding myristic acid to anhydrous ethanol, stirring evenly to obtain a myristic acid solution, then mixing the starch emulsion with the myristic acid solution, adding lecithin, stirring to react, filtering and drying after the reaction is completed to obtain a corn starch complex;

[0021] S3, adding the corn starch complex to deionized water, then adding ferulic acid and β-cyclodextrin, stirring and dispersing evenly, heating, filtering and freeze-drying after the treatment, to obtain a corn starch / β-cyclodextrin complex;

[0022] S4, adding wheat starch into deionized water, cooling to room temperature after gelatinization, adding corn starch / β-cyclodextrin complex in step S3, stirring at constant temperature, and spray drying after stirring to obtain composite corn starch.

[0023] Preferably, the mass fraction of the sodium acetate buffer in step S1 is 5-10%, the mass ratio of the solid product to deionized water is 50:700-1000, the temperature of the wet heat treatment is 70-90°C, and the time is 3-5h; the amount of the type II pullulanase added is 3-6% of the mass of the solid product; the temperature of the enzymatic hydrolysis is 38-45°C, and the time is 1-3h.

[0024] Preferably, the mass concentration of the starch milk in step S2 is 10-20%, the concentration of the myristic acid solution is 3-6%, the mass ratio of the starch milk, myristic acid solution and lecithin is 200-300:50-70:1-2, the temperature of the stirring reaction is 50-60°C, and the time is 6-8h.

[0025] Preferably, in step S3, the mass ratio of the corn starch complex, deionized water, ferulic acid, and β-cyclodextrin is 50-60:800-1000:2-4:5-8, and the heating treatment temperature is 70-80° C. and the time is 1-2 h.

[0026] Preferably, in step S4, the mass ratio of wheat starch, deionized water, and corn starch / β-cyclodextrin complex is 10-20:700-900:60-80; the gelatinization temperature is 90-95°C, and the time is 30-50min; the constant temperature stirring temperature is 50-60°C, and the time is 20-40min.

[0027] Preferably, the preparation method of the modified corn protein powder is as follows: corn protein powder is added to deionized water, followed by adding hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH to 3-4, heat-treating at 100°C for 30 minutes, adding sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the pH to 7 after the treatment, cooling to room temperature, concentrating, and freeze-drying to obtain the modified corn protein powder.

[0028] The present invention also protects a method for preparing the pelleted feed for calves as described above, comprising the following steps:

[0029] Weigh the raw materials according to the formula, add soybean meal, cottonseed meal, sesame meal, rapeseed meal, modified corn protein powder, compound corn starch, puffed corn flour, DDGS, molasses, corn husk, premix, cassava starch, and brewer's yeast culture into a high-efficiency mixer, mix for 5-10 minutes, and make 2.5-3.5 mm particles with a mixing uniformity of 3-5%, i.e., energy and nitrogen synchronous release pellets for calves.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0031] (1) The calf pellets provided by the present invention use soybean meal, cottonseed meal, sesame meal, rapeseed meal, and modified corn protein powder as the protein sources in the pellets. Soybean meal, cottonseed meal, and sesame meal are ideal protein sources for preparing calf pellets. The corn protein powder is acidified and heated to hydrolyze the indigestible protein and improve the digestibility of corn protein. Composite corn starch, cassava starch, molasses, and puffed corn flour are used as energy sources. Corn starch is modified to form slowly digestible starch, which reduces its digestion rate in the small intestine and prolongs its glucose release time, thereby regulating the release rates of amino acids and glucose in the intestine to match each other, so that both enter the blood at the same time for tissue cells to take up and utilize, reducing the situation where amino acids are consumed for energy supply due to insufficient glucose, and ensuring that more amino acids are used to enter the blood for tissue cells to take up and utilize instead of being consumed by intestinal tissue as energy substances.

[0032] (2) The calf granular feed provided by the present invention contains composite corn starch. The corn starch is first immersed in a sodium acetate solution to allow the starch granules to swell, which is beneficial for subsequent modification. Then, a wet heat treatment is performed to increase the content of slowly digestible starch in the corn starch and reduce the digestion rate of the corn starch. Then, an enzymatic hydrolysis treatment is performed to debranch the corn starch, which is beneficial for increasing the surface area of ​​starch crystallites and the order of starch, thereby improving the resistance of starch to enzymatic hydrolysis. On the one hand, it can reduce the digestion rate of starch, and on the other hand, it increases the complexity of the subsequent starch-lipid complex, further delaying the digestion rate of starch. Then, the pretreated corn starch is compounded with myristic acid. The hydrogen bonds inside the straight-chain starch molecules in the starch cause their spatial conformation to curl into a spiral shape. The internal hydrophobic cavity can combine with myristic acid to form a single helical complex. The formation of the helical structure reduces the collision probability between the lipid molecules and the water molecules in the solvent, thereby reducing the water absorption and swelling rate of the starch and improving the starch-based material. Functional properties, further slowing down the digestion rate of starch; then the corn starch complex is reacted with ferulic acid and β-cyclodextrin to obtain a corn starch / β-cyclodextrin complex, and ferulic acid, β-cyclodextrin and the corn starch complex are bound by non-covalent interactions such as hydrogen bond interaction and electrostatic interaction, which can block the binding site of amylase, making it difficult for starch molecules to be bound by amylase, thereby slowing down the digestion of starch; finally, wheat starch is used to coat the corn starch / β-cyclodextrin complex, so that the surface of the prepared composite corn starch has fast-digestible starch, ensuring that the composite corn starch has a certain amount of energy release in the early stage, and the corn starch / β-cyclodextrin complex is slowly digested to release energy, so that the energy substance can continuously release glucose, and the release rate is matched with the amino acid released by protein digestion, reducing the energy supply ratio of amino acids as energy substances, thereby promoting efficient deposition of amino acids and improving the utilization rate of protein in granular materials. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] In the present invention, the brewer's yeast culture is a brewer's yeast cell active metabolite, and the specific preparation method can refer to Example 1 of Chinese patent document CN104046650A, which is provided by Changchun Borui Feed Group Co., Ltd.; the DDGS is purchased from Shandong Dongchen Biotechnology Co., Ltd. and is corn distiller's grains DDGS;

[0035] The premix comprises 50000 IU / kg of vitamin A, 8000 IU / kg of vitamin D, 900 IU / kg of vitamin E, 40 g / kg of calcium, 15 g / kg of phosphorus, 5 g / kg of magnesium, 10 g / kg of sodium, 7 g / kg of zinc, 6 g / kg of manganese, 2 g / kg of copper, 13 g / kg of iron, 0.15 g / kg of iodine, 0.05 g / kg of selenium, 0.04 g / kg of cobalt, 0.02 g / kg of molybdenum, 0.07 g / kg of boron, and the rest is zeolite powder.

[0036] A method for preparing a calf energy and nitrogen synchronously releasing pellet feed comprises the following steps:

[0037] The raw materials are weighed according to the formula, and by weight, 22-28 parts of soybean meal, 5-10 parts of cottonseed meal, 5-10 parts of rapeseed meal, 1-2 parts of sesame meal, 10-15 parts of modified corn protein powder, 20-26 parts of composite corn starch, 1-2 parts of puffed corn flour, 3-6 parts of DDGS, 2-5 parts of molasses, 20-26 parts of corn husks, 4-8 parts of premix, 1-3 parts of cassava starch, and 0.5-1.5 parts of brewer's yeast culture are added into a high-efficiency mixer and mixed for 5-10 minutes with a mixing uniformity of 3-5% to prepare 2.5-3.5 mm particles, i.e., energy and nitrogen synchronous release pellets for calves.

[0038] Wherein, the preparation method of the composite corn starch comprises the following steps:

[0039] S1. Add 100 g corn starch to 900 g sodium acetate buffer with a mass fraction of 5-10%, soak at room temperature for 24 h, filter, wash and dry after soaking, add 50 g solid product to 700-1000 g deionized water, wet heat treatment at 70-90 ° C for 3-5 h to obtain starch paste, add 1.5-3 g type II pullulanase after cooling to room temperature, enzymolysis at 38-45 ° C for 1-3 h, and inactivate the enzyme with boiling water after enzymolysis, add 4 times the volume of anhydrous ethanol after cooling to room temperature, let stand and precipitate, centrifuge at 4000 r / min for 20 min, add 50 g precipitate to 500 mL deionized water, store at 4 ° C for 24 h, then centrifuge at 4000 r / min for 15 min, remove the supernatant, and freeze-dry the precipitate to obtain pretreated corn starch;

[0040] S2, adding the pretreated corn starch in step S1 to deionized water to form a starch emulsion with a mass concentration of 10-20%, adding myristic acid to anhydrous ethanol, stirring evenly to obtain a myristic acid solution with a mass concentration of 3-6%, then mixing 200-300g of the starch emulsion with 50-70g of the myristic acid solution, adding 1-2g of lecithin, stirring and reacting at 50-60°C for 6-8h, filtering and drying after the reaction is completed to obtain a corn starch complex;

[0041] S3, adding 50-60g corn starch complex to 800-1000g deionized water, then adding 2-4g ferulic acid and 5-8g β-cyclodextrin, stirring and dispersing evenly, heating at 70-80°C for 1-2h, filtering and freeze-drying after the treatment to obtain a corn starch / β-cyclodextrin complex;

[0042] S4, adding 10-20g wheat starch into 700-900g deionized water, gelatinizing at 90-95°C for 30-50min, then cooling to room temperature, adding 60-80g corn starch / β-cyclodextrin complex in step S3, stirring at a constant temperature of 50-60°C for 20-40min, spray drying after stirring to obtain composite corn starch.

[0043] The preparation method of the modified corn protein powder is as follows: corn protein powder is added to deionized water, followed by adding hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH to 3-4, heat-treating at 100° C. for 30 minutes, adding sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the pH value to 7 after the treatment, cooling to room temperature, concentrating, and freeze-drying to obtain the modified corn protein powder.

[0044] The present invention will be further described below through specific examples.

[0045] Example 1

[0046] A method for preparing pellet feed for calves comprises the following steps:

[0047] The raw materials were weighed according to the formula, and by weight, 25 parts of soybean meal, 8 parts of cottonseed meal, 7 parts of rapeseed meal, 1.5 parts of sesame meal, 13 parts of modified corn protein powder, 23 parts of composite corn starch, 1.5 parts of puffed corn flour, 5 parts of DDGS, 4 parts of molasses, 23 parts of corn husks, 6 parts of premix, 2 parts of cassava starch, and 1 part of brewer's yeast culture were added into a high-efficiency mixer and mixed for 8 minutes with a mixing uniformity of 4% to prepare 2.5-3.5 mm particles, i.e., energy and nitrogen synchronous release pellets for calves.

[0048] Wherein, the preparation method of the composite corn starch comprises the following steps:

[0049] S1. Add 100 g corn starch to 900 g sodium acetate buffer with a mass fraction of 8%, soak at room temperature for 24 h, filter, wash and dry after soaking, add 50 g solid product to 900 g deionized water, wet heat treatment at 80 ° C for 4 h to obtain starch paste, add 2.5 g type II pullulanase after cooling to room temperature, enzymolysis at 42 ° C for 2 h, and inactivate the enzyme with boiling water after enzymolysis, add 4 times the volume of anhydrous ethanol after cooling to room temperature, let stand and precipitate, centrifuge at 4000 r / min for 20 min, add 50 g precipitate to 500 mL deionized water, store at 4 ° C for 24 h, then centrifuge at 4000 r / min for 15 min, remove the supernatant, and freeze-dry the precipitate to obtain pretreated corn starch;

[0050] S2, adding the pretreated corn starch in step S1 to deionized water to form a starch milk with a mass concentration of 15%, adding myristic acid to anhydrous ethanol, stirring evenly to obtain a myristic acid solution with a mass concentration of 5%, then mixing 250g of the starch milk with 60g of the myristic acid solution, adding 1.5g of lecithin, stirring and reacting at 55°C for 7h, filtering and drying after the reaction is completed to obtain a corn starch complex;

[0051] S3, adding 55g corn starch complex to 900g deionized water, then adding 3g ferulic acid and 7g β-cyclodextrin, stirring and dispersing evenly, heating at 75°C for 1.5h, filtering and freeze-drying after the treatment to obtain a corn starch / β-cyclodextrin complex;

[0052] S4, adding 15g wheat starch into 800g deionized water, gelatinizing at 95°C for 40min, then cooling to room temperature, adding 70g corn starch / β-cyclodextrin complex in step S3, stirring at a constant temperature of 55°C for 30min, spray drying after stirring, to obtain composite corn starch.

[0053] The preparation method of the modified corn protein powder is as follows: 100g corn protein powder is added to 1L deionized water, followed by adding hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH to 3.5, heat-treating at 100°C for 30min, adding sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the pH to 7 after the treatment, cooling to room temperature, concentrating, and freeze-drying to obtain the modified corn protein powder.

[0054] Example 2

[0055] A method for preparing pellet feed for calves comprises the following steps:

[0056] The raw materials were weighed according to the formula, and by weight, 22 parts of soybean meal, 5 parts of cottonseed meal, 5 parts of rapeseed meal, 1 part of sesame meal, 10 parts of modified corn protein powder, 20 parts of compound corn starch, 1 part of puffed corn flour, 3 parts of DDGS, 2 parts of molasses, 20 parts of corn husks, 4 parts of premix, 1 part of cassava starch, and 0.5 part of brewer's yeast culture were added into a high-efficiency mixer and mixed for 5 minutes with a mixing uniformity of 3% to prepare 2.5-3.5 mm particles, i.e., energy and nitrogen synchronous release pellets for calves.

[0057] Wherein, the preparation method of the composite corn starch comprises the following steps:

[0058] S1. Add 100 g corn starch to 900 g sodium acetate buffer with a mass fraction of 5%, soak at room temperature for 24 h, filter, wash and dry after soaking, add 50 g solid product to 700 g deionized water, wet heat treatment at 70 ° C for 5 h to obtain starch paste, add 1.5 g type II pullulanase after cooling to room temperature, enzymolysis at 38 ° C for 3 h, and inactivate the enzyme with boiling water after enzymolysis, add 4 times the volume of anhydrous ethanol after cooling to room temperature, let stand and precipitate, centrifuge at 4000 r / min for 20 min, add 50 g precipitate to 500 mL deionized water, store at 4 ° C for 24 h, then centrifuge at 4000 r / min for 15 min, remove the supernatant, and freeze-dry the precipitate to obtain pretreated corn starch;

[0059] S2, adding the pretreated corn starch in step S1 to deionized water to form a starch milk with a mass concentration of 10%, adding myristic acid to anhydrous ethanol, stirring evenly to obtain a myristic acid solution with a mass concentration of 3%, then mixing 200g of the starch milk with 50g of the myristic acid solution, adding 1g of lecithin, stirring and reacting at 50°C for 8h, filtering and drying after the reaction is completed to obtain a corn starch complex;

[0060] S3, adding 50g corn starch complex to 800g deionized water, then adding 2g ferulic acid and 5g β-cyclodextrin, stirring and dispersing evenly, heating at 70°C for 2h, filtering and freeze-drying after the treatment to obtain a corn starch / β-cyclodextrin complex;

[0061] S4, adding 10g wheat starch into 700g deionized water, gelatinizing at 90°C for 50min, then cooling to room temperature, adding 60g corn starch / β-cyclodextrin complex in step S3, stirring at a constant temperature of 50°C for 40min, spray drying after stirring, to obtain composite corn starch.

[0062] The preparation method of the modified corn protein powder is as follows: 100g corn protein powder is added to 1L deionized water, followed by adding hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH to 3, heat-treating at 100°C for 30min, adding sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the pH to 7 after the treatment, cooling to room temperature, concentrating, and freeze-drying to obtain the modified corn protein powder.

[0063] Example 3

[0064] A method for preparing pellet feed for calves comprises the following steps:

[0065] The raw materials were weighed according to the formula, and by weight, 28 parts of soybean meal, 10 parts of cottonseed meal, 10 parts of rapeseed meal, 2 parts of sesame meal, 15 parts of modified corn protein powder, 26 parts of composite corn starch, 2 parts of puffed corn flour, 6 parts of DDGS, 5 parts of molasses, 26 parts of corn husks, 8 parts of premix, 3 parts of cassava starch, and 1.5 parts of brewer's yeast culture were added into a high-efficiency mixer and mixed for 10 minutes with a mixing uniformity of 5% to prepare 2.5-3.5 mm particles, i.e., energy and nitrogen synchronous release pellets for calves.

[0066] Wherein, the preparation method of the composite corn starch comprises the following steps:

[0067] S1. Add 100 g corn starch to 900 g sodium acetate buffer with a mass fraction of 10%, soak at room temperature for 24 h, filter, wash and dry after soaking, add 50 g solid product to 1000 g deionized water, wet heat treatment at 90 ° C for 3 h to obtain starch paste, add 3 g type II pullulanase after cooling to room temperature, enzymolysis at 45 ° C for 1 h, and inactivate the enzyme with boiling water after enzymolysis, add 4 times the volume of anhydrous ethanol after cooling to room temperature, let stand and precipitate, centrifuge at 4000 r / min for 20 min, add 50 g precipitate to 500 mL deionized water, store at 4 ° C for 24 h, then centrifuge at 4000 r / min for 15 min, remove the supernatant, and freeze-dry the precipitate to obtain pretreated corn starch;

[0068] S2, adding the pretreated corn starch in step S1 to deionized water to form a starch milk with a mass concentration of 20%, adding myristic acid to anhydrous ethanol, stirring evenly to obtain a myristic acid solution with a mass concentration of 6%, then mixing 300g of the starch milk with 70g of the myristic acid solution, adding 2g of lecithin, stirring and reacting at 60°C for 6h, filtering and drying after the reaction is completed to obtain a corn starch complex;

[0069] S3, adding 60g corn starch complex to 1000g deionized water, then adding 4g ferulic acid and 8g β-cyclodextrin, stirring and dispersing evenly, heating at 80°C for 1h, filtering and freeze-drying after the treatment to obtain a corn starch / β-cyclodextrin complex;

[0070] S4, adding 20g wheat starch into 900g deionized water, gelatinizing at 95°C for 30min, then cooling to room temperature, adding 80g corn starch / β-cyclodextrin complex in step S3, stirring at a constant temperature of 60°C for 20min, spray drying after stirring, to obtain composite corn starch.

[0071] The preparation method of the modified corn protein powder is as follows: 100g corn protein powder is added to 1L deionized water, followed by adding hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH to 4, heat-treating at 100°C for 30min, adding sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the pH to 7 after the treatment, cooling to room temperature, concentrating, and freeze-drying to obtain the modified corn protein powder.

[0072] Comparative Example 1

[0073] A method for preparing pellet feed for calves comprises the following steps:

[0074] The raw materials were weighed according to the formula, and by weight, 25 parts of soybean meal, 8 parts of cottonseed meal, 7 parts of rapeseed meal, 1.5 parts of sesame meal, 13 parts of modified corn protein powder, 23 parts of composite corn starch, 1.5 parts of puffed corn flour, 5 parts of DDGS, 4 parts of molasses, 23 parts of corn husks, 6 parts of premix, 2 parts of cassava starch, and 1 part of brewer's yeast culture were added into a high-efficiency mixer and mixed for 8 minutes with a mixing uniformity of 4% to prepare 2.5-3.5 mm particles, i.e., energy and nitrogen synchronous release pellets for calves.

[0075] Wherein, the preparation method of the pretreated corn starch comprises the following steps:

[0076] S1. Add 100g corn starch to 900g sodium acetate buffer with a mass fraction of 8%, soak at room temperature for 24h, filter, wash and dry after soaking, add 50g solid product to 900g deionized water, wet heat treatment at 80℃ for 4h to obtain starch paste, add 2.5g type II pullulanase after cooling to room temperature, enzymolyze at 42℃ for 2h, inactivate the enzyme with boiling water after enzymolysis, add 4 times volume of anhydrous ethanol after cooling to room temperature, let stand for precipitation, centrifuge at 4000r / min for 20min, add 50g precipitate to 500mL deionized water, store at 4℃ for 24h, then centrifuge at 4000r / min for 15min, remove the supernatant, freeze-dry the precipitate to obtain pretreated corn starch.

[0077] S2, adding 15g wheat starch into 800g deionized water, gelatinizing at 95°C for 40min, then cooling to room temperature, adding 70g pretreated corn starch in step S3, stirring at a constant temperature of 55°C for 30min, spray drying after stirring, to obtain composite corn starch.

[0078] The preparation method of the modified corn protein powder is as follows: 100g corn protein powder is added to 1L deionized water, followed by adding hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH to 3.5, heat-treating at 100°C for 30min, adding sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the pH to 7 after the treatment, cooling to room temperature, concentrating, and freeze-drying to obtain the modified corn protein powder.

[0079] Compared with Example 1, this comparative example does not compound corn starch with myristic acid and ferulic acid.

[0080] Comparative Example 2

[0081] A method for preparing pellet feed for calves comprises the following steps:

[0082] The raw materials were weighed according to the formula, and by weight, 25 parts of soybean meal, 8 parts of cottonseed meal, 7 parts of rapeseed meal, 1.5 parts of sesame meal, 13 parts of corn protein powder, 23 parts of compound corn starch, 1.5 parts of puffed corn flour, 5 parts of DDGS, 4 parts of molasses, 23 parts of corn husks, 6 parts of premix, 2 parts of cassava starch, and 1 part of brewer's yeast culture were added into a high-efficiency mixer and mixed for 8 minutes with a mixing uniformity of 4% to prepare 2.5-3.5 mm particles, i.e., energy and nitrogen synchronous release pellets for calves.

[0083] Wherein, the preparation method of the composite corn starch comprises the following steps:

[0084] S1, add 55g corn starch to 900g deionized water, then add 3g ferulic acid and 7g β-cyclodextrin, stir and disperse evenly, heat at 75°C for 1.5h, filter and freeze-dry after treatment to obtain a corn starch / β-cyclodextrin complex;

[0085] S2, adding 15g wheat starch into 800g deionized water, gelatinizing at 95°C for 40min, then cooling to room temperature, adding 70g corn starch / β-cyclodextrin complex in step S3, stirring at a constant temperature of 55°C for 30min, spray drying after stirring, and obtaining composite corn starch.

[0086] Compared with Example 1, in this comparative example, the corn starch was not subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis and compounded with myristic acid, and the corn gluten powder was not modified.

[0087] The pellets prepared in Example 1-3 and Comparative Example 1-2 were subjected to an in vitro fermentation test, and the specific steps were as follows:

[0088] Before morning feeding, rumen fluid from 5 male dairy cows aged 3 months was collected by rumen tube, placed in a thermos filled with CO2, and quickly brought to the laboratory for processing. The simulated rumen buffer was prepared according to the reference (Effects of Tribulus Saponins on Rumen Fermentation, Methane Production, Antioxidant Function and Immune Function of Dairy Cows, Feng Zhihua, Hebei Agricultural University, PhD Dissertation, May 15, 2013), CO2 was introduced to saturation and preheated to 39°C. Rumen fluid and simulated rumen buffer were mixed in a ratio of 1:2 to prepare culture medium. Accurately weigh 0.5g of pellets from each group, weigh them in turn and add them to the bottom of a 100mL syringe, then add 40mL of culture medium, exhaust the air and seal them, and place them in a 39°C constant temperature incubator for culture. Each diet was repeated 3 times at each culture time point.

[0089] Sample collection: Take out 3 culture bottles from each treatment at 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 hours, record the gas production, and measure the pH immediately after pouring out the fermentation liquid. Take 3mL of fermentation liquid and mix it evenly with 1mL of 25% metaphosphoric acid, freeze it at -20℃, and measure the ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) content; take 16mL of fermentation liquid and divide it into two tubes, freeze it at -20℃, and measure the MCP synthesis amount. The test results are as follows:

[0090] Table 1 Effect of different groups of granules on gas production (mL)

[0091] 2h 4h 8h 12h 24h Example 1 3.92 6.91 28.19 50.23 81.67 Example 2 4.36 7.27 32.41 56.39 88.24 Example 3 4.11 7.05 31.28 52.96 85.61 Comparative Example 1 5.27 10.16 40.64 61.57 89.52 Comparative Example 2 5.43 11.04 41.72 60.85 87.79

[0092] As can be seen from Table 1, the gas production of the pellets prepared by the present invention is relatively low in 2-8 hours, but the final gas production is not much different, indicating that the early fermentation speed in the pellets is slowed down, indicating that the digestion rate of the composite corn starch in the pellets of the present invention is reduced.

[0093] Table 2 Effect of different groups of granules on pH

[0094] 2h 4h 8h 12h 24h Example 1 6.75 6.68 6.51 6.43 6.09 Example 2 6.79 6.72 6.64 6.48 6.12 Example 3 6.85 6.79 6.70 6.57 6.38 Comparative Example 1 6.81 6.74 6.58 6.45 6.22 Comparative Example 2 6.89 6.80 6.63 6.48 6.17

[0095] As can be seen from Table 2, with the extension of time, the pH value of each group continued to decrease as a whole. The pH values ​​of each group at different time points were all within the normal range (5.5-7.5). This may be due to the degradation of nutrients by rumen microorganisms, which produced volatile fatty acids. As a result, the pH value of each group showed an overall downward trend, and the pH value of each group reached the lowest value at 24 hours.

[0096] Table 3 Effect of different groups of pellets on ammonia nitrogen concentration (mg / dL)

[0097] 2h 4h 8h 12h 24h Example 1 16.25 14.32 15.46 14.85 18.67 Example 2 16.93 15.76 14.81 17.19 20.35 Example 3 15.89 14.32 16.20 17.51 19.52 Comparative Example 1 17.21 15.89 17.63 18.24 25.07 Comparative Example 2 16.84 16.17 18.86 19.32 24.61

[0098] It can be seen from Table 3 that the ammonia nitrogen concentration in each group reached the maximum value at 24 hours of cultivation, but the final ammonia nitrogen concentration of Examples 1-3 was less than that of Comparative Examples 1-2, indicating that the nitrogen source in the rumen was further fully utilized, resulting in a decrease in ammonia nitrogen concentration, that is, the pelleted feed of the present invention can reduce the ammonia nitrogen concentration and improve the utilization rate of nitrogen.

[0099] Table 4 Effects of different groups of pellets on microbial protein synthesis (MCP) (mg / dL)

[0100] 2h 4h 8h 12h 24h Example 1 11.89 17.25 30.52 44.83 38.59 Example 2 10.67 16.08 29.71 41.24 34.72 Example 3 11.34 16.56 31.08 43.15 36.29 Comparative Example 1 9.31 12.92 25.18 33.86 26.83 Comparative Example 2 9.75 13.28 24.63 35.14 29.14

[0101] It can be seen from Table 4 that the MCP content of each group increases with time and reaches a maximum value at 12h, and the final MCP value of Example 1-3 group is significantly greater than that of Comparative Example 1-2 group, indicating that the pellets provided by the present invention can significantly increase the production of rumen MCP. This may be because the energy in the pellets matches the release rate of the nitrogen source, reducing the consumption of amino acids as energy substances, so that more amino acids are used for protein deposition, thereby improving the utilization rate of protein in the pellets.

[0102] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A calf energy and nitrogen synchronous release pellet feed, characterized in that: By weight, it includes the following raw materials: 22-28 parts of soybean meal, 5-10 parts of cottonseed meal, 5-10 parts of rapeseed meal, 1-2 parts of sesame meal, 10-15 parts of modified corn gluten powder, 20-26 parts of composite corn starch, 1-2 parts of puffed corn flour, 3-6 parts of DDGS, 2-5 parts of molasses, 20-26 parts of corn husk, 4-8 parts of premix, 1-3 parts of cassava starch, 0.5-1.5 parts of brewer's yeast culture; The preparation method of the composite corn starch comprises the following steps: S1. Add corn starch to sodium acetate buffer, soak at room temperature for 24 hours, filter, wash and dry after soaking, add solid product to deionized water, perform wet heat treatment to obtain starch paste, add type II pullulanase to perform enzymolysis after cooling to room temperature, inactivate enzyme with boiling water after enzymolysis, add 4 times volume of anhydrous ethanol to cool to room temperature, let stand and precipitate, centrifuge, add precipitate to deionized water, store at 4°C for 24 hours, and then freeze-dry to obtain pretreated corn starch; S2, adding the pretreated corn starch in step S1 to deionized water to form a starch emulsion, adding myristic acid to anhydrous ethanol, stirring evenly to obtain a myristic acid solution, then mixing the starch emulsion with the myristic acid solution, adding lecithin, stirring to react, filtering and drying after the reaction is completed to obtain a corn starch complex; S3, adding the corn starch complex to deionized water, then adding ferulic acid and β-cyclodextrin, stirring and dispersing evenly, heating, filtering and freeze-drying after the treatment, to obtain a corn starch / β-cyclodextrin complex; S4, adding wheat starch to deionized water, cooling to room temperature after gelatinization, adding the corn starch / β-cyclodextrin complex in step S3, stirring at a constant temperature, spray drying after stirring, and obtaining composite corn starch; The mass fraction of the sodium acetate buffer in step S1 is 5-10%, the mass ratio of the solid product to deionized water is 50:700-1000, the temperature of the wet heat treatment is 70-90°C, and the time is 3-5h; the amount of the type II pullulanase added is 3-6% of the mass of the solid product; the temperature of the enzymolysis is 38-45°C, and the time is 1-3h; the mass concentration of the starch milk in step S2 is 10-20%, the concentration of the myristic acid solution is 3-6%, the mass ratio of the starch milk, myristic acid solution, and lecithin is 200-300:50-70:1-2, and the stirring reaction is The temperature is 50-60°C and the time is 6-8h; the mass ratio of the corn starch complex, deionized water, ferulic acid, and β-cyclodextrin in step S3 is 50-60:800-1000:2-4:5-8, and the temperature of the heating treatment is 70-80°C and the time is 1-2h; the mass ratio of wheat starch, deionized water, and corn starch / β-cyclodextrin complex in step S4 is 10-20:700-900:60-80; the gelatinization temperature is 90-95°C and the time is 30-50min; the constant temperature stirring temperature is 50-60°C and the time is 20-40min; The preparation method of the modified corn protein powder is as follows: corn protein powder is added to deionized water, followed by adding hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH to 3-4, heat-treating at 100° C. for 30 minutes, adding sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the pH value to 7 after the treatment, cooling to room temperature, concentrating, and freeze-drying to obtain the modified corn protein powder.

2. The calf energy and nitrogen synchronous release pellet feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: By weight, it includes the following raw materials: 24-26 parts of soybean meal, 5-8 parts of cottonseed meal, 5-8 parts of rapeseed meal, 1-1.5 parts of sesame meal, 10-12 parts of modified corn gluten powder, 22-24 parts of compound corn starch, 1-1.5 parts of puffed corn flour, 3-5 parts of DDGS, 3-5 parts of molasses, 22-26 parts of corn bran, 4-6 parts of premix, 1-2 parts of cassava starch, and 0.5-1 parts of brewer's yeast culture.

3. The calf energy and nitrogen synchronous release pellet feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The premix comprises, by weight, 40000-60000 IU / kg of vitamin A, 7000-9000 IU / kg of vitamin D, 800-1000 IU / kg of vitamin E, 30-50 g / kg of calcium, 10-20 g / kg of phosphorus, 3-6 g / kg of magnesium, 8-12 g / kg of sodium, 5-8 g / kg of zinc, 5-8 g / kg of manganese, 1.5-2.5 g / kg of copper, 10-15 g / kg of iron, 0.1-0.2 g / kg of iodine, 0.03-0.06 g / kg of selenium, 0.03-0.06 g / kg of cobalt, 0.01-0.03 g / kg of molybdenum, 0.05-0.08 g / kg of boron, and the rest are carriers.

4. A method for preparing the nitrogen-energy synchronously releasing pellet feed for calves as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Weigh the raw materials according to the formula, add soybean meal, cottonseed meal, sesame meal, rapeseed meal, modified corn protein powder, compound corn starch, puffed corn flour, DDGS, molasses, corn husk, premix, cassava starch, and brewer's yeast culture into a high-efficiency mixer, mix for 5-10 minutes, and make 2.5-3.5mm pellets with a mixing uniformity of 3-5%, which are energy and nitrogen synchronous release pellets for calves.