Hybrid metal friction damper with multi-stage yielding and post-yield hardening characteristics

Abstract

The present invention is a hybrid metal friction damper with multi-stage yielding and post-yield hardening characteristics, which is used for structural shock absorption and includes upper and lower cover plates, connecting plates, slide rail plates, upper and lower friction plates, metal energy-absorbing plates, springs, and energy-absorbing metal grooves. The upper and lower friction plates are fixedly connected to the upper cover plate and the connecting plate respectively, and the upper and lower cover plates are connected by springs. The slide rail controls the direction of relative movement. The gap groove plate is provided with gap grooves of different widths. The upper end of the energy-absorbing metal plate is fixed to the connecting plate, and the metal rod at the lower end extends into the gap groove. In the case of small earthquakes, the damper dissipates energy by yielding some of the energy-absorbing metal plates under stress. In the case of large earthquakes, energy is dissipated by the sliding friction of the friction plate and the yielding of the remaining energy-absorbing metal plates, achieving the effects of graded yielding and post-yield hardening. The present invention has a stable and good energy dissipation capacity and can yield in grades under different earthquake magnitudes; it can achieve a post-yield hardening effect, and prevent the damper from forming an unfavorable failure mechanism due to a sudden drop in stiffness after yielding.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of structural energy dissipation and vibration reduction, and in particular to a hybrid metal friction damper with multi-stage yielding and post-yielding hardening characteristics. Background Art

[0002] Metal dampers are a common type of energy dissipation device in engineering structures. Leveraging the excellent elastic-plastic properties of metal materials, and through the appropriate design of their structural form and mechanical parameters, these dampers can yield first when subjected to external forces, dissipating energy and thus ensuring the safety of the main structure. Metal dampers can be categorized as bending and shear types. Bending metal dampers, with their advantages of a clear force mechanism and stable performance, are widely used in structural vibration reduction design.

[0003] Current metal bending dampers have the following problems: they are typically designed only for large earthquakes and have difficulty yielding and dissipating energy in smaller earthquakes; their integrated damper design requires replacement of the entire damper after dissipating energy, which is costly and inconvenient to install; and their stiffness drops sharply after yielding, which can easily induce the formation of weak layers and negatively impact the overall seismic performance of the structure. The present invention separates the energy-absorbing metal plate and the connecting plate, making post-earthquake replacement easier. Furthermore, by providing friction plates and gap slots of varying widths, the damper achieves graded yielding and post-yield hardening, enabling it to dissipate energy and reduce vibration under varying earthquake intensities while avoiding the adverse effects of a sudden drop in stiffness after yielding. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned defects in the prior art, the present invention provides a hybrid metal friction damper with multi-stage yielding and post-yielding hardening characteristics.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A hybrid metal friction damper with multi-stage yielding and post-yielding hardening characteristics is characterized in that it includes an upper cover plate, an upper friction plate fixedly mounted on the upper cover plate, a lower friction plate fixedly mounted on the connecting plate, a slide plate fixedly mounted on the bottom of the connecting plate, an energy-absorbing metal plate fixed to the connecting plate through a positioning rod, four springs respectively hung on the upper hook ring of the upper cover plate and the lower hook ring of the lower cover plate through spring hooks, and a gap slot plate fixed to the middle of the lower cover plate.

[0007] The upper cover plate is provided with upper bolt holes, and the bottoms of both sides of the upper cover plate parallel to the direction of the slide rail are respectively provided with lateral limiting plates, and the bottoms of the other two sides are provided with limiting plates.

[0008] The upper friction plate is divided into three parts and is fixedly connected to the upper cover plate avoiding the upper bolt hole position.

[0009] A plurality of energy-consuming plate fixing blocks are provided at the lower portion of the connecting plate, and circular holes are provided on the energy-consuming plate fixing blocks.

[0010] A slide rail groove is provided at the lower portion of the slide rail plate.

[0011] A positioning hole is opened on the upper portion of the energy-consuming metal plate, which is fixed in the energy-consuming plate fixing block through a positioning rod, and a round bar is provided on the lower portion of the energy-consuming metal plate.

[0012] The lower cover is provided with slide rails on both sides; a limiter is provided at the front and rear of the slide rails, and the limiter is fixed to the lower cover; two rows of lower bolt holes are opened in the middle of the lower cover; lower hook rings are provided at the four corners of the lower cover.

[0013] The gap groove plate has gap grooves of two widths, the smaller width is the first gap groove, and the larger width is the second gap groove.

[0014] In the present invention, the spring will extend when the upper and lower hook rings are connected by the spring hook, so that pressure is generated between the upper and lower friction plates. The surfaces of the slide rail and the slide rail groove are smooth, and no friction force is generated when relative displacement occurs. The contact surfaces of the upper and lower friction plates are rough, and friction force is generated when relative displacement occurs. The lateral limit plate can limit the displacement direction of the upper and lower cover plates, so that only relative displacement along the slide rail direction can occur between the two.

[0015] When a small earthquake occurs, the upper and lower cover plates connected to the main structure produce relative displacement along the direction of the slide rail. Due to the different widths of the first gap groove and the second gap groove, the energy-absorbing metal plate in the first gap groove will first contact the groove wall, and the metal plate will yield under the force to consume energy. The resultant force of the gap groove on the energy-absorbing metal plate is less than the maximum static friction that can be generated on the upper and lower friction plates. The upper and lower friction plates remain relatively stationary, and the relative displacement of the upper and lower cover plates is the same as the horizontal deformation of the energy-absorbing metal plate in the first gap groove. When a large earthquake occurs, the force on the energy-absorbing metal plate in the second gap groove continues to increase, and the resultant force on the energy-absorbing metal plate in the gap groove exceeds the maximum static friction on the upper and lower friction plates. The upper and lower friction plates generate sliding friction to consume energy until the limit plate reaches the position of the lower friction plate, and the upper and lower friction plates stop sliding relative to each other. The integral body formed by the connecting plate and the upper cover plate continues to slide relative to the lower cover plate, and the force on the energy-absorbing metal plate in the second gap groove continues to increase until it yields. When the slide rail plate slides to the limiter position, the sliding stops, thereby achieving the effect of staged yielding and hardening after yielding of the damper.

[0016] Compared with the existing technology, the advantages of the present invention are: the damper has the ability of graded yielding, and can yield and dissipate energy under both large and small earthquakes; the energy dissipation module is designed to be separated, and the energy dissipation metal plate can be replaced after yielding without replacing the entire device, which is convenient for installation and saves materials; the damper can achieve stiffness hardening after yielding, avoiding the adverse effects of stiffness degradation of conventional dampers after yielding on the seismic resistance of the structure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

[0018] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 An exploded view of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the upper cover;

[0021] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of the upper friction plate;

[0022] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure of the lower friction plate;

[0023] Figure 6 is a structural diagram of the connecting plate;

[0024] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the structure of the slide plate;

[0025] Figure 8 It is the structural diagram of the spring;

[0026] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the structure of the positioning rod;

[0027] Figure 10 It is a structural diagram of the energy dissipation metal plate;

[0028] Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the structure of the lower cover;

[0029] Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the structure of the gap slot plate;

[0030] Figure 13 Force-displacement curves of a hybrid metal friction damper with multi-stage yielding and post-yield hardening characteristics.

[0031] In the figure: 1. Upper cover plate; 11. Upper bolt hole; 12. Limit plate; 13. Upper hook; 14. Lateral limit plate; 2. Upper friction plate; 3. Lower friction plate; 4. Connecting plate; 41. Energy dissipation plate fixing block; 5. Slide plate; 51. Slide groove; 6. Spring; 61. Spring hook; 7. Positioning rod; 8. Energy dissipation metal plate; 9. Lower cover plate; 91. Lower hook; 92. Slide rail; 93. Lower bolt hole; 94. Limiter; 10. Gap slot plate; 101. First gap slot; 102. Second gap slot. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] To make the purpose, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of this application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0033] See also Figure 1-13 The present invention provides a technical solution: a hybrid metal friction damper with multi-stage yield and post-yield hardening characteristics, characterized in that it includes an upper cover plate 1, an upper friction plate 2 fixedly installed with the upper cover plate 1, a lower friction plate 3 fixedly installed with the connecting plate 4, a slide plate 5 fixedly installed at the bottom of the connecting plate 4, an energy-absorbing metal plate 8 fixed to the connecting plate 4 through a positioning rod 7, four springs 6 respectively hung on the upper hook ring 13 of the upper cover plate 1 and the lower hook ring 91 of the lower cover plate 9 through spring hooks 61, and a gap slot plate 10 fixed to the middle of the lower cover plate 9; the upper cover plate 1 is provided with an upper bolt hole 11, and a lateral limit plate 14 is provided at the bottom of each side of the upper cover plate 1 parallel to the direction of the slide rail 92, and a limit plate 12 is provided at the bottom of the other two sides; the upper friction plate 2 is divided into three parts, Avoid the position of the upper bolt hole 11 and fix it with the upper cover plate 1; the lower part of the above-mentioned connecting plate 4 is provided with a plurality of energy-consuming plate fixing blocks 41, and the energy-consuming plate fixing blocks 41 are provided with round holes; the lower part of the slide rail plate 5 is provided with a slide rail groove 51; the upper part of the energy-consuming metal plate 8 is provided with a positioning hole 81, which is fixed in the energy-consuming plate fixing block 41 through a positioning rod 7, and the lower part of the energy-consuming metal plate 8 is provided with a round rod; slide rails 92 are installed on both sides of the lower cover plate 9; a limiter 94 is provided at the front and rear of the slide rail 92, and the limiter 94 is fixed to the lower cover plate 9; two rows of lower bolt holes 93 are provided in the middle part of the lower cover plate 9; lower hook rings 91 are provided at the four corners of the lower cover plate 9; there are two widths of gap grooves on the gap groove plate 10, the smaller width is the first gap groove 101, and the larger width is the second gap groove 102.

[0034] In the present invention, the spring 6 uses the spring hook 61 to connect the upper and lower hook rings and applies tension to the upper cover plate 1 and the lower cover plate 9, so that pressure is generated between the upper friction plate 2 and the lower friction plate 3; the surfaces of the slide rail 92 and the slide rail groove 51 are smooth, and the friction force is negligible when relative displacement occurs; the contact surface of the upper friction plate 2 and the lower friction plate 3 is rough, and friction force will be generated when relative displacement occurs; the lateral limit plate 14 allows only relative displacement along the slide rail 92 direction between the upper cover plate 1 and the lower cover plate 9; since the spring 6 is in the elastic stage during the entire movement process and does not participate in energy consumption but only provides pressure to control the magnitude of the maximum static friction force, the hysteresis curve only considers the relationship between the horizontal force exerted on the overall body formed by the upper cover plate 1 and the upper friction plate 2 by the lower friction plate 3 and the relative displacement of the upper and lower cover plates.

[0035] In the event of a major earthquake, relative displacement occurs between the upper cover plate 1 and the lower cover plate 9 along the direction of the slide rail 92. The force acting on the two along this direction is mainly transmitted through the energy-absorbing metal plates 8. The energy-absorbing metal plates 8 have the same size. The width of the first gap groove 101 is smaller than that of the second gap groove 102. Therefore, the energy-absorbing metal plates 8 located in the first gap groove 101 will be deformed first. Figure 13 The force-displacement curve enters stage I. Since the energy-absorbing metal plate 8 is fixedly connected to the connecting plate 4 through the positioning rod 7, and the lower friction plate 3 is also fixedly connected to the connecting plate 4, there is pressure between the upper friction plate 2 and the lower friction plate 3, and the surface is rough. Therefore, the force exerted by the energy-absorbing metal plate 8 on the connecting plate 4 will be balanced by the friction force from the upper friction plate 2. At this time, only part of the energy-absorbing metal plate 8 is subjected to force, and the force generated is small. The friction force between the two friction plates is static friction, and does not reach sliding friction. The two friction plates remain relatively stationary; the relative displacement between the upper cover plate 1 and the lower cover plate 9 continues to increase, and the energy-absorbing metal plate 8 in the second gap groove 102 begins to contact the groove wall and deform under force. Figure 13 The force-displacement curve enters stage II; the friction between the upper friction plate 2 and the lower friction plate 3 increases but still does not reach sliding friction. The two remain relatively stationary; the relative displacement between the upper cover plate 1 and the lower cover plate 9 continues to increase, and the energy-absorbing metal plate 8 in the first gap groove 101 is subjected to the force to the point of yielding. Figure 13 The force-displacement curve enters stage III; the friction between the upper friction plate 2 and the lower friction plate 3 increases but does not reach sliding friction, and the two remain relatively stationary; the relative displacement between the upper cover plate 1 and the lower cover plate 9 continues to increase, the force deformation of the energy-absorbing metal plate 8 continues to increase, and the friction between the upper friction plate 2 and the lower friction plate 3 increases to the level of sliding friction, and relative slip occurs between the upper friction plate 2 and the lower friction plate 3. Figure 13 The force-displacement curve enters stage IV; until the relative slip between the upper cover plate 1 and the connecting plate 4 is limited by the limit plate 12, Figure 13 The curve enters stage V; the relative displacement between the upper cover plate 1 and the lower cover plate 9 continues to increase, and the energy-absorbing metal plate 8 continues to deform under force until the energy-absorbing metal plate 8 in the second gap groove 102 also reaches deformation yield, and the force-displacement curve continues to rise. Figure 13 The curve enters stage VI; the limiter 94 limits the upper and lower cover plates to the maximum relative displacement, after which the relative displacement between the upper cover plate 1 and the lower cover plate 9 gradually decreases to zero and then increases in the opposite direction. The above process is repeated continuously, and the force-displacement relationship of the damper forms a hysteresis curve, and energy is continuously consumed during the cycle.

[0036] The effects of small earthquakes are similar to those of large earthquakes. Figure 13 The curve can bend back at different stages and consume energy in a cycle.

[0037] In summary, the different widths of the first gap groove 101 and the second gap groove 102 in this technical solution divide the stress conditions of the energy dissipation device into different stages, ensuring that when an earthquake occurs, if the displacement deformation is small, the energy dissipation metal plate 8 in the first gap groove 101 will yield and dissipate energy first; if the displacement deformation is large, the energy dissipation metal plate 8 in the second gap groove 102 will yield only after the upper friction plate 2 and the lower friction plate 3 complete the sliding friction, achieving the effect of graded yielding and post-hardening. The hybrid metal friction damper with multi-stage yielding and post-yielding hardening characteristics of this solution is designed to dissipate energy in stages, ensuring that the damper can work effectively under large, medium and small earthquakes; the hybrid metal friction damper with multi-stage yielding and post-yielding hardening characteristics has a simple structure. After the work is completed, only the energy dissipation metal plate 8 needs to be replaced instead of the entire damper, ensuring the convenience and economy of the damper installation and maintenance; the post-yielding hardening characteristics can prevent the structural stiffness from suddenly decreasing after yielding, forming an adverse failure mechanism, and ensure the safety of the building body.

[0038] It should be noted that, in this application, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, an element defined by the sentence "comprising a ..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device comprising the element.

[0039] The foregoing is merely a list of specific embodiments of the present application, intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present application. Therefore, the present application is not limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is intended to conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features of the present application.

Claims

1. A hybrid metal friction damper with multi-stage yielding and post-yield hardening characteristics, characterized in that: It includes an upper cover plate (1), an upper friction plate (2) fixedly mounted on the upper cover plate (1), a lower friction plate (3) fixedly mounted on the connecting plate (4), a slide plate (5) fixedly mounted on the bottom of the connecting plate (4), an energy-absorbing metal plate (8) fixed on the connecting plate (4) via a positioning rod (7), four springs (6) respectively hung on an upper hook ring (13) of the upper cover plate (1) and a lower hook ring (91) of the lower cover plate (9) via a spring hook (61), and a gap slot plate (10) fixed on the middle of the lower cover plate (9); The energy-consuming metal plate (8) has a positioning hole (81) on its upper portion, and is fixed to the energy-consuming plate fixing block (41) through a positioning rod (7), and a round bar is provided on the lower portion of the energy-consuming metal plate; slide rails (92) are provided on both sides of the lower cover plate (9); a stopper (94) is provided at the front and rear of the slide rail (92), and the stopper (94) is fixed to the lower cover plate (9); two rows of lower bolt holes (93) are provided in the middle portion of the lower cover plate (9); lower hook rings (91) are provided at the four corners of the lower cover plate (9); the gap groove plate (10) has two widths of gap grooves, the smaller width is the first gap groove (101), and the larger width is the second gap groove (102); The upper cover plate (1) is provided with an upper bolt hole (11), and the bottoms of both sides of the upper cover plate (1) parallel to the direction of the slide rail (92) are provided with lateral limit plates (14), and the bottoms of the other two sides are provided with limit plates (12); The upper friction plate (2) is divided into three parts and is fixedly connected to the upper cover plate (1) avoiding the position of the upper bolt hole (11).

2. A hybrid metal friction damper with multi-stage yielding and post-yield hardening characteristics as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of energy-consuming plate fixing blocks (41) are provided at the lower portion of the connecting plate (4), and circular holes are provided on the energy-consuming plate fixing blocks (41).

3. A hybrid metal friction damper with multi-stage yielding and post-yield hardening characteristics as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: A plurality of energy-consuming plate fixing blocks (41) are provided at the lower portion of the connecting plate (4), and circular holes are provided on the energy-consuming plate fixing blocks (41).

4. A hybrid metal friction damper with multi-stage yielding and post-yield hardening characteristics as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: A slide rail groove (51) is provided at the lower portion of the slide rail plate (5).

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