Mechanical and hydraulic combined cavitation and slit pressure relief and permeability enhancement device and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a mechanical hydraulic combined cavitation and slit pressure relief and permeability enhancement device and method, belonging to the field of hydraulic slit technology, the device comprises a drill bit part, a cavitation part and a slit part, the drill bit part, the cavitation part and the slit part are fixedly installed in sequence, the drill bit part comprises a main drill bit; the cavitation part comprises a cavitation tube body, a mechanical hydraulic switch component 1 is installed inside the cavitation tube body, a cavitation connecting rod is rotatably connected to the outer side of the tube body of the cavitation tube body, and the mechanical hydraulic switch component 1 controls the cavitation connecting rod to flip outward through a synchronous linkage mechanism; the slit part comprises a slit tube body, a mechanical hydraulic switch component 2 is installed inside the slit tube body, a hydraulic slit opening is installed outside the tube body of the slit tube body, and the mechanical hydraulic switch component 2 can control the opening / closing of the hydraulic slit opening. The invention can quickly switch to realize drilling, cavitation and slit by adjusting different water pressures, and its operation is simple, stable when working, and has high application flexibility.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of hydraulic slotting, and in particular to a mechanical and hydraulic combined cavitation and slotting pressure relief and permeability enhancement device and method. Background Art

[0002] Hydraulic cutting and permeability enhancement is to increase the exposed area and pressure relief range of the coal seam through the cutting of high-pressure jets and expand the borehole diameter, thereby improving the permeability of the coal seam, increasing the extraction and discharge influence radius of the borehole, and increasing the amount of gas extracted from the coal seam. The effect of hydraulic hole expansion is achieved through the hole expansion jet.

[0003] In the existing patent literature, there is a patent application with publication number CN 109707312 A, entitled "Hydraulic Slotting and Transmittance Enhancement Device for Coal Mines". This patent application mainly uses a steel ball as a "switch". Since the surface of the steel ball is an arc surface, when the steel ball is controlled on / off, there is a line contact between the steel ball and the valve core, such as Figure 1 As shown, poor sealing may occur after long-term use. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a mechanical hydraulic combined cavitation and slit pressure relief and permeability enhancement device and method. When the sliding control inner valve sleeve in the mechanical hydraulic switch assembly used to control the opening / closing in the mechanical hydraulic combined cavitation and slit pressure relief and permeability enhancement device is controlled, the sliding control inner valve sleeve and the water blocking block are in surface contact during the opening / closing control, so the sealing performance is better, and it is not easy to have poor sealing performance such as side leakage after a long time.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the technical solution of the present invention is achieved as follows:

[0006] A mechanical and hydraulic combined cavitation and slotting pressure relief and permeability enhancement device, the device comprises a drill part, a cavitation part and a slotting part, the drill part, the cavitation part and the slotting part are fixedly installed in sequence, and water flows from the slotting part to the drill part in sequence;

[0007] The drill bit part includes a main drill bit;

[0008] The hole-making part includes a hole-making tube body, and a mechanical hydraulic switch component 1 is installed inside the hole-making tube body near the end where the main drill bit is located. The outer side of the tube body of the hole-making tube body is rotatably connected with two mutually symmetrical hole-making connecting rods through a turning seat, and the mechanical hydraulic switch component 1 controls the hole-making connecting rod to turn outward through a synchronous linkage mechanism;

[0009] The slitting part includes a slitting tube body, and a mechanical hydraulic switch component 2 is installed inside the slitting tube body near the end where the hole-making tube body is located. Two symmetrical hydraulic slitting openings are installed on the outside of the slitting tube body. The mechanical hydraulic switch component 2 can control the opening / closing of the hydraulic slitting openings.

[0010] By adopting the above scheme, the mechanical hydraulic combined cavitation and slit pressure relief and permeability enhancement device can quickly switch to achieve drilling, cavitation and slit by adjusting different water pressures. It is simple to operate, stable during operation, and has high application flexibility. Among them, the sliding control inner valve sleeve in the mechanical hydraulic switch assembly used to control the on / off control has better sealing performance during the on / off control due to the surface contact between the sliding control inner valve sleeve and the water blocking block, and is not prone to poor sealing such as side leakage after long-term use.

[0011] As a preferred implementation of a mechanical hydraulic combined cavitation and slit pressure relief and permeability enhancement device, a water outlet is provided at the drilling end of the main drill bit, and a "snowflake-shaped" pressure-boosting valve core is installed in the end away from the water outlet.

[0012] By adopting the above scheme, in order to increase the water pressure in the main drill bit, after the water flows through the booster valve core, the water is first dispersed and then gathered, which can increase the water pressure to a certain extent.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of a mechanical hydraulic combined cavitation and slit pressure relief and permeability enhancement device, a mechanical hydraulic switch assembly includes a sliding control inner valve sleeve, a through hole is provided at one end of the sliding control inner valve sleeve close to the main drill bit, a water blocking block fixed in the cavitation tube body is installed corresponding to the through hole, and the blocking area of ​​the water blocking block is larger than the opening area of ​​the through hole; a plurality of pressurized water holes distributed in a circumferential array are also provided around the water blocking block, a plurality of guide shafts distributed in a circumferential array around the through hole are fixed on the sliding control inner valve sleeve, and all the guide shafts are slidably connected around the water blocking block, and a spring is mounted on the guide shaft to push the sliding control inner valve sleeve to slide away from the water blocking block.

[0014] By adopting the above scheme, in order to realize the water control in the hole-making part, the water flows through the sliding control inner valve sleeve; when the water pressure is small, the water mainly flows from the through hole, and the sliding control inner valve sleeve will not slide at this time; when the water pressure is large, the water will impact the force around the through hole, and the sliding control inner valve sleeve will be greater at this time. After sliding, it contacts the water blocking block and can be closed.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of a mechanical hydraulic combined cavitation and slit pressure relief and permeability enhancement device, the synchronous linkage mechanism includes an active connecting rod and a driven connecting rod, and the active connecting rod and the driven connecting rod are respectively vertically fixed on the sliding control inner valve sleeve and the cavitation connecting rod. The active connecting rod passes through the cavitation tube body from the inside to the outside, and a transmission chain is rotatably connected between the active connecting rod and the driven connecting rod.

[0016] By adopting the above scheme, in order to realize the transmission of the hole-making connecting rod along with the sliding control inner valve sleeve, when the sliding control inner valve sleeve slides, the hole-making connecting rod can be turned outward by using the active connecting rod, the driven connecting rod and the transmission chain.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of a mechanical hydraulic combined hole-making and slit pressure-relief and permeability-enhancing device, the mechanical hydraulic switch component 2 includes a sliding control inner valve sleeve 2, and the sliding control inner valve sleeve 2 is provided with a through hole 2 at one end close to the hole-making tube body, and a water-blocking block 2 fixed in the slit tube body is installed corresponding to the through hole 2, and the blocking area of ​​the water-blocking block 2 is larger than the opening area of ​​the through hole 2; multiple pressurized water holes 2 distributed in a circumferential array are also provided around the water-blocking block 2, and multiple guide shafts 2 distributed in a circumferential array around the through hole 2 are fixed on the sliding control inner valve sleeve 2, and all the guide shafts 2 are slidably connected around the water-blocking block 2, and the guide shaft 2 is sleeved with a spring 2 for pushing the sliding control inner valve sleeve 2 to slide away from the water-blocking block 2.

[0018] By adopting the above scheme, in order to realize the water control in the slit part, the water flows through the sliding control inner valve sleeve 2; when the water pressure is small, the water mainly flows from the through hole 2, and the sliding control inner valve sleeve 2 will not slide at this time; when the water pressure is large, the water will impact the force around the through hole 2 and the force will be greater. At this time, the sliding control inner valve sleeve 2 will contact the water blocking block 2 after sliding, and the closure can be realized.

[0019] As a preferred implementation of a mechanical-hydraulic combined cavitation and slit pressure-relieving and permeability-enhancing device, the spring coefficient of the second spring is greater than the elastic coefficient of the first spring.

[0020] By adopting the above scheme, when the water pressure of the water body is 0-3MPa, the spring 1 and the spring 2 will not be deformed, the distance between the through hole 1 and the water blocking block 1 is 8-12mm, and the distance between the through hole 2 and the water blocking block 2 is 6-10mm. The sliding control inner valve sleeve 2 can block the hydraulic cutting opening, and the water body only rushes out from the main drill bit at high pressure;

[0021] When the water pressure is 10-40MPa, only spring 1 is deformed and through hole 1 is in full contact with water blocking block 1, so water cannot enter the drill bit. Then the hole-making connecting rod flips outwards; the angle of the hole-making connecting rod after flipping is 25-35°.

[0022] When the water pressure is above 50MPa, the spring 2 is deformed and the through hole 2 is in complete contact with the water blocking block 2, so the water cannot enter the hole-making part. At this time, the water rushes out from the hydraulic cutting mouth with ultra-high pressure.

[0023] A mechanical hydraulic combined cavitation and slit pressure relief and permeability enhancement method, the method adopts the mechanical hydraulic combined cavitation and slit pressure relief and permeability enhancement device to be implemented, and the mechanical hydraulic combined cavitation and slit pressure relief and permeability enhancement device is installed on the drilling equipment and the coal seam is drilled, expanded or slit, and the specific operation steps are as follows:

[0024] S1. When it is necessary to drill a hole in the coal seam, the water pressure is adjusted to 0-3MPa. At this time, spring 1 and spring 2 will not be deformed. The distance between through hole 1 and water blocking block 1 is 8-12mm, and the distance between through hole 2 and water blocking block 2 is 6-10mm. The sliding control inner valve sleeve 2 can block the hydraulic cutting opening. The water can only flow into the drill bit part and can be pressurized to 0-5MPa through the booster valve core. Then the water rushes out from the main drill bit at high pressure, which can cool the main drill bit for drilling;

[0025] S2. When the coal seam needs to be expanded, the water pressure is adjusted to 10-40MPa. At this time, only the spring 1 is deformed and the through hole 1 is in full contact with the water blocking block 1. The water cannot enter the drill bit part. The water will push the sliding control inner valve sleeve 1 to slide. Under the action of the synchronous linkage mechanism, the hole-making connecting rod is then driven to flip outward. The angle of the hole-making connecting rod after flipping is 25-35°. The hole-making connecting rod is installed with a hole-expanding chisel at the end to further expand the borehole.

[0026] S3. When it is necessary to cut the coal seam, the water pressure is adjusted to above 50MPa. At this time, the spring 2 is deformed and the through hole 2 is completely in contact with the water blocking block 2. The water cannot enter the hole making part. At this time, the sliding control inner valve sleeve 2 opens the hydraulic cutting port. The water rushes out from the hydraulic cutting port with ultra-high pressure to cut the coal seam.

[0027] After adopting the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0028] 1. The mechanical hydraulic combined cavitation and slotting pressure relief and permeability enhancement device can quickly switch to achieve drilling, cavitation and slotting by adjusting different water pressures. It is simple to operate, stable during operation, and has high application flexibility. Among them, the sliding control inner valve sleeve in the mechanical hydraulic switch assembly used to control the on / off control has better sealing performance during the on / off control because the sliding control inner valve sleeve and the water blocking block are in surface contact, and it is not easy to have poor sealing performance such as side leakage after long-term use.

[0029] 2. In order to increase the water pressure in the main drill bit, the water will be dispersed and then gathered after flowing through the booster valve core, which can increase the water pressure to a certain extent;

[0030] 3. In order to realize the water control in the hole-making part, the water flows through the sliding control inner valve sleeve 1; when the water pressure is relatively low, the water mainly flows from the through hole, and the sliding control inner valve sleeve 1 will not slide at this time; when the water pressure is relatively high, the force of the water impacting the through hole 1 will be greater, and the sliding control inner valve sleeve 1 will contact the water blocking block 1 after sliding, so as to realize the closure; in order to realize the water control in the slit part, the water flows through the sliding control inner valve sleeve 2; when the water pressure is relatively low, the water mainly flows from the through hole 2, and the sliding control inner valve sleeve 2 will not slide at this time; when the water pressure is relatively high, the force of the water impacting the through hole 2 will be greater, and the sliding control inner valve sleeve 2 will contact the water blocking block 2 after sliding, so as to realize the closure;

[0031] 4. In order to realize that the hole-making connecting rod is driven along with the sliding control inner valve sleeve, when the sliding control inner valve sleeve slides, the hole-making connecting rod can be turned outward by using the active connecting rod, the driven connecting rod and the transmission chain. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0033] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure when a steel ball is used to control the opening / closing in the background technology;

[0034] Figure 2 It is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention when drilling;

[0035] Figure 3 It is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention when expanding the hole;

[0036] Figure 4 It is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention during cutting;

[0037] Figure 5 for Figure 2 The three-dimensional structure of the middle main drill bit Figure 1 ;

[0038] Figure 6 for Figure 2 The three-dimensional structure of the middle main drill bit Figure 2 ;

[0039] Figure 7 for Figure 2 The state diagram of the middle cavitation part at this time;

[0040] Figure 8 For display Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the internal structure;

[0041] Fig. 9 for Figure 2 The state diagram of the middle cutting part at this time;

[0042] Fig.10 For display Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of the internal structure;

[0043] Fig.11 for Figure 3 The state diagram of the middle cavitation part at this time;

[0044] Fig.12 For display Fig.11 Schematic diagram of the internal structure;

[0045] Fig.13 for Figure 4 The state diagram of the middle cutting part at this time;

[0046] Fig.14 For display Fig.13 Schematic diagram of the internal structure.

[0047] Markings in the figure: 1-drilling part; 2-hole making part; 3-slit part; 4-main drill bit; 5-boosting valve core; 6-hole making tube body; 7-mechanical hydraulic switch component one; 701-sliding control inner valve sleeve one; 702-through hole one; 703-water blocking block one; 704-boosting water hole one; 705-guide shaft one; 706-spring one; 8-synchronous linkage mechanism; 801-active connecting rod; 802-driven connecting rod; 803-transmission chain; 9-turning seat; 10-hole making connecting rod; 11-slit tube body; 12-mechanical hydraulic switch component two; 1201-sliding control inner valve sleeve two; 1202-through hole two; 1203-water blocking block two; 1204-boosting water hole two; 1205-guide shaft two; 1206-spring two; 13-hydraulic slit opening. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0049] like Figures 2 to 14As shown, a mechanical and hydraulic combined cavitation and slotting pressure relief and permeability enhancement device comprises a drill part 1, a cavitation part 2 and a slotting part 3. The drill part 1, the cavitation part 2 and the slotting part 3 are fixedly installed in sequence, and water flows from the slotting part 3 to the drill part 1 in sequence;

[0050] The drill bit part 1 comprises a main drill bit 4;

[0051] The hole-making part 2 includes a hole-making tube body 6, and a mechanical hydraulic switch component 7 is installed inside the hole-making tube body 6 near the end where the main drill bit 4 is located. The outer side of the tube body of the hole-making tube body 6 is rotatably connected to two mutually symmetrical hole-making connecting rods 10 through a turning seat 9. The mechanical hydraulic switch component 7 controls the hole-making connecting rod 10 to turn outward through a synchronous linkage mechanism 8;

[0052] The slit part 3 includes a slit tube body 11, and a mechanical hydraulic switch component 12 is installed inside the slit tube body 11 near the end where the hole-making tube body 6 is located. Two symmetrical hydraulic slit openings 13 are installed on the outside of the slit tube body 11. The mechanical hydraulic switch component 12 can control the opening / closing of the hydraulic slit opening 13.

[0053] The mechanical hydraulic combined cavitation and slit pressure relief and permeability enhancement device can quickly switch to achieve drilling, cavitation and slit by adjusting different water pressures. It is simple to operate, stable in operation and highly flexible in application. Among them, the sliding control inner valve sleeve in the mechanical hydraulic switch assembly used to control the on / off control has better sealing performance during the on / off control due to the surface contact between the sliding control inner valve sleeve and the water blocking block, and is not prone to poor sealing such as side leakage after long-term use.

[0054] like Figures 5 and 6 As shown, a water outlet is provided at the drilling end of the main drill bit 4, and a "snowflake-shaped" booster valve core 5 is installed in the end away from the water outlet. In order to increase the water pressure in the main drill bit 4, after the water flows through the booster valve core 5, the water is first dispersed and then gathered, which can increase the water pressure to a certain extent.

[0055] like Figures 7 and 8As shown, the mechanical hydraulic switch assembly 7 includes a sliding control inner valve sleeve 701, and a through hole 702 is opened at one end of the sliding control inner valve sleeve 701 close to the main drill bit 4, and a water blocking block 703 fixed in the hole-making tube body 6 is installed corresponding to the through hole 702, and the blocking area of ​​the water blocking block 703 is larger than the opening area of ​​the through hole 702; a plurality of pressurized water holes 704 distributed in a circumferential array are also opened around the water blocking block 703, and a plurality of guide shafts 705 distributed in a circumferential array around the through hole 702 are fixed on the sliding control inner valve sleeve 701, and all the guide shafts 705 are slidably connected to the periphery of the water blocking block 703, and a spring 706 for pushing the sliding control inner valve sleeve 701 to slide away from the water blocking block 703 is installed on the guide shaft 705. In order to realize water control in the hole-making part 2, the water flows through the sliding control inner valve sleeve 701; when the water pressure is relatively small, the water mainly flows through the through hole 702, and the sliding control inner valve sleeve 701 will not slide at this time; when the water pressure is relatively large, the water will impact the force around the through hole 702 with greater force, and the sliding control inner valve sleeve 701 will slide and contact the water blocking block 703 to realize closing.

[0056] like Figure 11 to Figure 12 As shown, the synchronous linkage mechanism 8 includes an active link 801 and a driven link 802, which are respectively vertically fixed on the sliding control inner valve sleeve 701 and the hole-making link 10, and the active link 801 penetrates from the inside of the hole-making tube body 6 to the outside thereof, and a transmission chain 803 is rotatably connected between the active link 801 and the driven link 802. In order to realize that the hole-making link 10 is driven with the sliding control inner valve sleeve 701, when the sliding control inner valve sleeve 701 slides, the active link 801, the driven link 802 and the transmission chain 803 can be used to realize that the hole-making link 10 is turned outward.

[0057] like Figures 9 and 10 , Figure 13 to Figure 14As shown, the mechanical hydraulic switch assembly 12 includes a sliding control inner valve sleeve 1201, and a through hole 1202 is provided at one end of the sliding control inner valve sleeve 1201 close to the hole-making tube body 6, and a water-blocking block 1203 fixed in the slit tube body 11 is installed correspondingly at the location of the through hole 1202, and the blocking area of ​​the water-blocking block 1203 is larger than the opening area of ​​the through hole 1202; a plurality of pressurized water holes 1204 distributed in a circumferential array are also provided around the water-blocking block 1203, and a plurality of guide shafts 1205 distributed in a circumferential array around the through hole 1202 are fixed on the sliding control inner valve sleeve 1201, and all the guide shafts 1205 are slidably connected around the water-blocking block 1203, and a spring 1206 is mounted on the guide shaft 1205 to push the sliding control inner valve sleeve 1201 to slide away from the location of the water-blocking block 1203. In order to achieve water control in the slit part 3, the water flows through the sliding control inner valve sleeve 1201; when the water pressure is small, the water mainly flows from the through hole 1202, and the sliding control inner valve sleeve 1201 will not slide at this time; when the water pressure is large, the water will impact the force around the through hole 1202 with a greater force, and the sliding control inner valve sleeve 1201 will slide and contact the water blocking block 1203 to achieve closure.

[0058] The spring coefficient of the second spring 1206 is greater than the elastic coefficient of the first spring 706 .

[0059] When the water pressure of the water body is 0-3MPa, the spring 1 706 and the spring 2 1206 will not be deformed, the distance between the through hole 1 702 and the water blocking block 1 703 is 8-12mm, and the distance between the through hole 2 1202 and the water blocking block 2 1203 is 6-10mm. The sliding control inner valve sleeve 2 1201 can block the hydraulic cutting opening 13, and the water body only rushes out from the main drill bit 4 at high pressure;

[0060] When the water pressure of the water body is 10-40MPa, only the spring 1 706 is deformed and the through hole 1 702 is in full contact with the water blocking block 1 703, and the water body cannot enter the drill bit part 1, and then the hole-making connecting rod 10 turns outward; the angle of the hole-making connecting rod 10 after turning is 25-35°;

[0061] When the water pressure is above 50 MPa, the spring 1206 is deformed and the through hole 1202 is in full contact with the water blocking block 1203, so that the water cannot enter the hole-making part 2. At this time, the water rushes out from the hydraulic cutting opening 13 with ultra-high pressure.

[0062] A mechanical hydraulic combined cavitation and slit pressure relief and permeability enhancement method, the method adopts the mechanical hydraulic combined cavitation and slit pressure relief and permeability enhancement device to be implemented, and the mechanical hydraulic combined cavitation and slit pressure relief and permeability enhancement device is installed on the drilling equipment and the coal seam is drilled, expanded or slit, and the specific operation steps are as follows:

[0063] S1. When it is necessary to drill a coal seam, the water pressure is adjusted to 0-3MPa. At this time, spring 1 706 and spring 2 1206 will not be deformed. The distance between through hole 1 702 and water blocking block 1 703 is 8-12mm, and the distance between through hole 2 1202 and water blocking block 2 1203 is 6-10mm. The sliding control inner valve sleeve 2 1201 can block the hydraulic slit 13. The water can only flow into the drill bit part 1 and can be pressurized to 0-5MPa through the booster valve core 5. Then the water rushes out from the main drill bit 4 at high pressure, which can cool the main drill bit 4 for drilling. Figure 2 As shown;

[0064] S2. When the coal seam needs to be expanded, the water pressure is adjusted to 10-40MPa. At this time, only the spring 706 is deformed and the through hole 702 is in full contact with the water blocking block 703. The water cannot enter the drill bit part 1. The water will push the sliding control inner valve sleeve 701 to slide. Under the action of the synchronous linkage mechanism 8, the hole-making connecting rod 10 is then driven to flip outward. The angle of the hole-making connecting rod 10 after flipping is 25-35°. A hole-expanding chisel is installed at the end of the hole-making connecting rod 10 to further expand the borehole. Figure 3 As shown;

[0065] S3. When it is necessary to cut the coal seam, the water pressure is adjusted to above 50MPa. At this time, the spring 1206 is deformed and the through hole 1202 is completely in contact with the water blocking block 1203. The water cannot enter the hole making part 2. At this time, the sliding control inner valve sleeve 1201 opens the hydraulic cutting opening 13. The water rushes out from the hydraulic cutting opening 13 at ultra-high pressure, and the coal seam can be cut. Figure 4 shown.

[0066] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mechanical and hydraulic combined cavitation and slit pressure relief and permeability enhancement device, the device comprising a drill part (1), a cavitation part (2) and a slit part (3), wherein the drill part (1), the cavitation part (2) and the slit part (3) are fixedly installed in sequence, and water flows from the slit part (3) to the drill part (1) in sequence; Features: The drill bit part (1) comprises a main drill bit (4); The hole-making part (2) comprises a hole-making tube body (6), a mechanical hydraulic switch component (7) is installed inside the hole-making tube body (6) near the end where the main drill bit (4) is located, and two mutually symmetrical hole-making connecting rods (10) are rotatably connected to the outer side of the hole-making tube body (6) through a turning seat (9), and the mechanical hydraulic switch component (7) controls the hole-making connecting rod (10) to turn outward through a synchronous linkage mechanism (8); The slit part (3) comprises a slit tube body (11), a second mechanical hydraulic switch component (12) is installed inside the slit tube body (11) near the end where the hole-making tube body (6) is located, and two mutually symmetrical hydraulic slit openings (13) are installed outside the tube body of the slit tube body (11), and the second mechanical hydraulic switch component (12) can control the opening / closing of the hydraulic slit opening (13); The drilling end of the main drill bit (4) is provided with a water outlet, and a "snowflake-shaped" pressure-boosting valve core (5) is installed in the end thereof away from the water outlet; The mechanical hydraulic switch assembly (7) comprises a sliding control inner valve sleeve (701), and a through hole (702) is provided at one end of the sliding control inner valve sleeve (701) close to the main drill bit (4). A water blocking block (703) fixed in the hole-making tube body (6) is installed corresponding to the through hole (702), and the blocking area of ​​the water blocking block (703) is larger than the opening area of ​​the through hole (702); a through hole (702) is provided around the water blocking block (703). A plurality of pressurized water holes (704) are arranged in a circumferential array, a plurality of guide shafts (705) are fixed on the sliding control inner valve sleeve (701) and are arranged in a circumferential array around the through hole (702), and all the guide shafts (705) are slidably connected around the water blocking block (703), and a spring (706) is sleeved on the guide shaft (705) to push the sliding control inner valve sleeve (701) to slide away from the water blocking block (703); The synchronous linkage mechanism (8) comprises an active connecting rod (801) and a driven connecting rod (802), wherein the active connecting rod (801) and the driven connecting rod (802) are respectively vertically fixed on a sliding control inner valve sleeve (701) and a hole-making connecting rod (10), wherein the active connecting rod (801) passes through the hole-making tube body (6) from the inside to the outside thereof, and a transmission chain (803) is rotatably connected between the active connecting rod (801) and the driven connecting rod (802).

2. The mechanical and hydraulic combined cavitation and slit pressure relief and permeability enhancement device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The mechanical hydraulic switch assembly 2 (12) comprises a sliding control inner valve sleeve 2 (1201), and the sliding control inner valve sleeve 2 (1201) is provided with a through hole 2 (1202) at one end close to the hole-making tube body (6). A water-blocking block 2 (1203) fixed in the slotted tube body (11) is installed corresponding to the location of the through hole 2 (1202), and the blocking area of ​​the water-blocking block 2 (1203) is larger than the opening area of ​​the through hole 2 (1202); a water-blocking block 2 (1203) is also provided around the water-blocking block 2 (1203). There are multiple pressurized water holes (1204) distributed in a circumferential array. The sliding control inner valve sleeve (1201) is fixed with multiple guide shafts (1205) distributed in a circumferential array around the through hole (1202), and all the guide shafts (1205) are slidably connected around the water blocking block (1203). The guide shaft (1205) is sleeved with a spring (1206) that pushes the sliding control inner valve sleeve (1201) to slide away from the water blocking block (1203).

3. The mechanical and hydraulic combined cavitation and slit pressure relief and permeability enhancement device according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The spring constant of the second spring (1206) is greater than the elastic constant of the first spring (706).

4. The mechanical and hydraulic combined cavitation and slit pressure relief and permeability enhancement device according to claim 3 is characterized in that: When the water pressure of the water body is 0-3MPa, the spring 1 (706) and the spring 2 (1206) will not be deformed, the distance between the through hole 1 (702) and the water blocking block 1 (703) is 8-12mm, and the distance between the through hole 2 (1202) and the water blocking block 2 (1203) is 6-10mm. The sliding control inner valve sleeve 2 (1201) can block the hydraulic cutting opening (13), and the water body only rushes out from the main drill bit (4) at high pressure.

5. The mechanical and hydraulic combined cavitation and slit pressure relief and permeability enhancement device according to claim 4 is characterized in that: When the water pressure of the water body is 10-40MPa, only spring 1 (706) is deformed and through hole 1 (702) is in complete contact with water blocking block 1 (703), so that water cannot enter the drill bit part (1), and then the hole-making connecting rod (10) flips outward; the angle of the hole-making connecting rod (10) after flipping is 25-35°.

6. The mechanical and hydraulic combined cavitation and slit pressure relief and permeability enhancement device according to claim 5, characterized in that: When the water pressure is above 50 MPa, the second spring (1206) is deformed and the second through hole (1202) is in complete contact with the second water blocking block (1203), so the water cannot enter the hole-making part (2). At this time, the water rushes out from the hydraulic cutting opening (13) at ultra-high pressure.

7. A mechanical and hydraulic combined cavitation and slit pressure relief and permeability enhancement method, characterized in that: The method is implemented by using the mechanical hydraulic combined cavitation and slit pressure relief and permeability enhancement device according to claim 6, and the mechanical hydraulic combined cavitation and slit pressure relief and permeability enhancement device is installed on the drilling equipment and the coal seam is drilled, expanded or slit, and the specific operation steps are as follows: S1. When it is necessary to drill a hole in the coal seam, the water pressure is adjusted to 0-3 MPa. At this time, the spring 1 (706) and the spring 2 (1206) will not be deformed, the distance between the through hole 1 (702) and the water blocking block 1 (703) is 8-12 mm, and the distance between the through hole 2 (1202) and the water blocking block 2 (1203) is 6-10 mm. The sliding control inner valve sleeve 2 (1201) can block the hydraulic cutting opening (13). The water can only flow into the drill bit part (1) and can be pressurized to 0-5 MPa through the booster valve core (5). Then the water rushes out from the main drill bit (4) at high pressure, which can cool the main drill bit (4) during drilling; S2. When it is necessary to expand the coal seam, the water pressure is adjusted to 10-40 MPa. At this time, only the spring 1 (706) is deformed and the through hole 1 (702) is in full contact with the water blocking block 1 (703). The water cannot enter the drill bit part (1). The water pushes the sliding control inner valve sleeve 1 (701) to slide. Under the action of the synchronous linkage mechanism (8), the hole-making connecting rod (10) is then driven to flip outward. The angle of the hole-making connecting rod (10) after flipping is 25-35°. A hole-expanding chisel is installed at the end of the hole-making connecting rod (10) to further expand the borehole. S3. When it is necessary to cut the coal seam, the water pressure is adjusted to above 50 MPa. At this time, the second spring (1206) is deformed and the second through hole (1202) is in complete contact with the second water blocking block (1203). The water cannot enter the hole making part (2). At this time, the sliding control inner valve sleeve (1201) opens the hydraulic cutting opening (13). The water rushes out from the hydraulic cutting opening (13) at ultra-high pressure, and the coal seam can be cut.

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