Tunnel shotcrete precision forming method and device

Abstract

The application discloses a tunnel shotcrete precision forming device, which comprises a spraying mechanism, a mounting frame, a support part arranged on the mounting frame, a butt joint part arranged on the support part, a plugging part arranged on the support part, a spraying part arranged between the butt joint part and the plugging part, and a distance measuring part arranged on the spraying part. The tunnel shotcrete precision forming device is characterized in that a motor drives the nozzle to swing back and forth, so that the nozzle swings uniformly, the nozzle sprays uniformly, the construction quality is improved, the dismounting part is inserted into different replacement holes through the arrangement of the dismounting part, the swinging angle can be adjusted, the device is applicable to different scenes, the applicability of the device is improved, and the distance between the nozzle and the spraying surface can be conveniently controlled by a staff through the arrangement of the infrared range finder, so that the construction quality is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of tunnel shotcrete, in particular to a tunnel shotcrete precision forming method and device. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the current tunnel engineering construction, the requirements for the quality of the tunnel waterproof layer and the lining entity are increasingly strict. In the construction process, when spraying the first layer of base, the current operation method adopts a fixed spraying method, mainly filling the space of the arch frame. When spraying the second layer, the general operation method adopts a swing spraying method to scan the primary support and ensure the thickness of the protective layer, so as to realize the surface precision of the primary support. At present, when swing spraying is performed, the operator needs to control the mechanical arm to swing spray in the operation room through the operation of the joystick. This operation method causes the swing spraying to be relatively jerky, which affects the uniformity of the swing spraying and the construction quality. SUMMARY

[0003] In view of the problems existing in the prior art tunnel shotcrete precision forming method and device, the present application is proposed.

[0004] Therefore, the purpose of the present application is to provide a tunnel shotcrete precision forming device, which aims to make the swing spraying more uniform.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the present application provides a tunnel shotcrete precision forming method, which comprises the following steps:

[0006] The tunnel spraying surface is divided into seven areas: left lower sidewall, left upper sidewall, left haunch, vault, right haunch, right upper sidewall, and right lower sidewall;

[0007] The amount of quick-setting agent and the amount of spraying flow rate are controlled for each area respectively to improve the forming quality of the sprayed concrete and reduce the rebound;

[0008] Before wet spraying, 10-20mm thick mortar with the same mixing ratio is sprayed from bottom to top to increase the roughness of the matrix, improve the bonding effect, and prevent rockfall;

[0009] Spraying is performed according to the predetermined spraying sequence (1-2-3-1-4-2-5-3-6-4-7-5-7-6), and the spraying thickness is controlled at 5cm each time until the spraying is completed;

[0010] A curved path is adopted during spraying to ensure uniform spraying between every two steel arch frames;

[0011] The distance between the nozzle and the rock surface is controlled within the range of 0.8-1.2m to ensure the compactness of the concrete structure and a small amount of rebound;

[0012] The spraying air pressure is controlled within the range of 0.6-0.8MPa, and the spraying angle is controlled within the range of 75-105°;

[0013] According to the spray site, select the appropriate nozzle swing form: fixed spray, swing spray, spin spray;

[0014] In the initial support side wall position, use the self-made artificial scraper to manually clean the bulging position, and ensure that the sprayed concrete is flat.

[0015] The application provides a tunnel sprayed concrete precise forming device, comprising,

[0016] The spraying mechanism comprises a mounting frame, a support part arranged on the mounting frame, a butt joint part arranged on the support part, a plugging part arranged on the support part, a spraying part arranged between the butt joint part and the plugging part, and a distance measuring part arranged on the spraying part.

[0017] The swing mechanism comprises a swing part arranged on the spraying part, a dismounting part arranged on the swing part, and a power part arranged on the support part.

[0018] As a preferred scheme of the tunnel sprayed concrete precise forming device, the support part comprises a sealing plate arranged on the mounting frame and a side plate arranged on the sealing plate.

[0019] As a preferred scheme of the tunnel sprayed concrete precise forming device, the butt joint part comprises a butt joint bearing seat arranged on the side plate, a butt joint bearing arranged in the butt joint bearing seat, a butt joint cover arranged on the butt joint bearing seat, a butt joint hollow pipe arranged on the butt joint bearing, a rotary joint arranged on the butt joint hollow pipe, and a butt joint pipe arranged on the rotary joint.

[0020] As a preferred scheme of the tunnel sprayed concrete precise forming device, the plugging part comprises a plugging bearing seat arranged on the side plate, a plugging bearing arranged on the plugging bearing seat, a plugging cover arranged on the plugging bearing seat, and a solid shaft arranged on the plugging bearing.

[0021] As a preferred scheme of the tunnel sprayed concrete precise forming device, the spraying part comprises a spraying pipe arranged between the solid shaft and the butt joint hollow pipe, and a nozzle arranged on the spraying pipe.

[0022] As a preferred scheme of the tunnel sprayed concrete precise forming device, the distance measuring part comprises an extension rod arranged on the spraying pipe and an infrared distance meter arranged on the extension rod, the extension rod is arranged in parallel with the nozzle, and the infrared distance meter is arranged on the extension rod at an inclination of 30 degrees.

[0023] As a preferred scheme of the tunnel sprayed concrete precision forming device, the swinging part comprises a swinging plate arranged on the spraying pipe, a swinging rod arranged on the swinging plate, and a swinging sleeve arranged on the swinging rod.

[0024] As a preferred scheme of the tunnel sprayed concrete precision forming device, the dismounting part comprises a dismounting threaded sleeve arranged on the swinging sleeve, a dismounting rod arranged on the dismounting threaded sleeve, a dismounting thread arranged on the dismounting rod and matched with the dismounting threaded sleeve, a hexagonal head arranged on the dismounting rod, and a dismounting hole arranged on the sealing plate.

[0025] As a preferred scheme of the tunnel sprayed concrete precision forming device, the power part comprises a motor arranged on the sealing plate, a rotating shaft arranged on the sealing plate and connected with the motor, a rotating plate arranged on the rotating shaft and connected with the dismounting rod, a replacement hole arranged on the rotating plate, and a plurality of the replacement holes.

[0026] The tunnel sprayed concrete precision forming device has the following beneficial effects: the motor drives the nozzle to reciprocate and swing, so that the nozzle swings uniformly, the nozzle sprays uniformly, the construction quality is improved, the dismounting part is inserted into different replacement holes, the swinging angle is adjusted, the device is suitable for different scenes, the applicability of the device is improved, the infrared range finder is arranged, the distance between the nozzle and the spraying surface is conveniently controlled by the worker, and the construction quality is improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0027] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiment description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can also be obtained without creative labor on the basis of these drawings. Among them:

[0028] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the tunnel sprayed concrete precision forming device.

[0029] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the docking part of the tunnel sprayed concrete precision forming device.

[0030] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the swinging part of the tunnel sprayed concrete precision forming device.

[0031] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the dismounting part of the tunnel sprayed concrete precision forming device.

[0032] Figure 5 The application discloses a tunnel shotcrete precision forming device.

[0033] Figure 6 The application discloses a tunnel shotcrete precision forming device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] In order to make the above objectives, features and advantages of the present application more apparent, specific embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0035] In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present application. The present application may, however, be practiced in a variety of ways beyond the specific embodiments described herein without departing from the scope of the present application. It can be appreciated that implementations of the present application can be used in a variety of different electromagnetic environments and embodiments of the present application are not limited to the specific examples described herein.

[0036] Secondly, the "one embodiment" or "embodiment" referred to herein means that a specific feature, structure or characteristic can be included in at least one implementation of the present application. The "in one embodiment" appearing in different places in the specification does not mean the same embodiment, nor is it an embodiment that is independent or alternative to other embodiments.

[0037] Thirdly, the present application is described in detail in combination with the schematic diagram. In the detailed description of the embodiments of the present application, the cross-sectional view of the device structure is locally enlarged without the general proportion for the convenience of description, and the schematic diagram is only an example, which should not limit the scope of protection of the present application. In addition, the three-dimensional spatial dimensions of length, width and depth should be included in the actual manufacture.

[0038] Embodiment 1

[0039] The first embodiment of the present application provides a tunnel shotcrete precision forming method, which comprises the following steps:

[0040] The "seven-part zone spraying, sub-zone control of the amount of quick-setting agent and sub-zone control of the amount of spraying flow rate" is adopted, and the seven-part zone is seven parts of the left lower side wall, the left upper side wall, the left haunch, the vault, the right haunch, the right upper side wall and the right lower side wall. In the case that the state of the concrete is good, the one-time spraying thickness can be increased by 50-70 mm, that is, the single-point spraying residence time is 3-5 s.

[0041] The spraying sequence is that 10-20 mm thick mortar with the same mixing ratio is pre-sprayed from bottom to top before starting wet spraying to increase the roughness of the base body, improve the bonding effect and prevent rockfall, and the seven-part zone spraying is performed (for example, Figure 6The spraying sequence is: 1-2-3-1-4-2-5-3-6-4-7-5-7-6, and the spraying thickness is controlled at 5 cm each time. This operation is repeated until the spraying is completed, and finally the surface is leveled.

[0042] The spraying sequence of 1-2-3-1-4-2-5-3-6-4-7-5-7-6 has the following effects: reducing rebound by alternating spraying different areas, which can reduce the impact of each area, thereby reducing the rebound rate of concrete; improving the adhesion of concrete: spraying the base first (such as 1-2-3-1), then returning to spray the upper part (such as 4-2-5-3), which helps to form better adhesion between the upper and lower layers of concrete; avoiding uneven settlement of concrete: step-by-step spraying can avoid uneven settlement of concrete caused by continuous spraying in one area, which helps to maintain the uniformity of the concrete layer; optimizing construction efficiency: by reasonably planning the spraying sequence, the time for equipment movement and adjustment can be reduced, improving the construction efficiency; reducing construction joints: the orderly spraying sequence can reduce the number of construction joints, improving the overall integrity and waterproof performance of the structure; ensuring the quality of spraying: by controlling the spraying in different areas, the quality of spraying in each area can be more carefully managed to ensure the uniformity and density of the entire sprayed surface; adapting to the shape of the tunnel: the arch structure of the tunnel may require a special spraying sequence to adapt to its shape, ensuring that the sprayed concrete can uniformly cover the entire surface; reducing interference during construction: spraying in a specific order can reduce interference with the sprayed area during construction, avoiding damage to the sprayed concrete; improving construction safety: the orderly spraying sequence can reduce the movement of construction personnel and equipment in the tunnel, reducing the safety risk of construction;

[0043] The spraying surface is divided into seven specific areas, and the spraying parameters of each area are controlled independently. This method allows individualized spraying parameter settings for different spraying areas to meet the specific needs of each part of the tunnel. Precise control can reduce material waste, improve spraying efficiency, and ensure uniform concrete quality in each area, thereby improving the overall structural stability and durability of the tunnel.

[0044] According to the different spraying areas, the amount of accelerator is adjusted. Precise control of the accelerator helps to optimize the setting time of the concrete, ensure the early strength and work performance of the sprayed concrete, and reduce quality problems caused by improper use of the accelerator, such as premature setting or insufficient strength, thereby improving construction quality and safety,

[0045] Different flow rates and quantities are implemented for different spraying areas. Precise control of flow rate and quantity can ensure the uniformity and density of sprayed concrete. This method can improve the density of sprayed concrete, reduce the occurrence of voids and cracks, and thereby enhance the waterproof performance and load-bearing capacity of the tunnel.

[0046] The curved path is adopted during spraying to ensure uniform spraying between every two steel arch frames.

[0047] Preferably, the spraying is performed using a curved path rather than a straight path. The curved path spraying can better adapt to the irregular shape of the tunnel, ensure the uniformity of the spraying, reduce dead angles during the spraying process, improve the flatness and overall aesthetics of the tunnel surface, and reduce subsequent repair work.

[0048] During the on-site spraying process, the distance between the nozzle and the rock surface is preferably 0.8-1.2 m. When scanning, the spraying layer thickness is preferably controlled within 1.2-1.5 m, which is more reasonable for uniform spraying. This ensures that the concrete structure is dense and the rebound amount is small.

[0049] Preferably, the distance between the nozzle and the rock surface is accurately controlled by a mechanical arm. Accurate distance control helps to optimize the spraying effect, reduce rebound and material waste, significantly reduce the rebound rate, reduce dust and noise pollution, and improve the safety and comfort of the working environment.

[0050] The spraying wind pressure, angle, and nozzle swing form are as follows: the spraying wind pressure is controlled within 0.6-0.8 MPa, and the spraying angle is within 75-105°.

[0051] Preferably, the spraying wind pressure and angle are accurately controlled. By adjusting the wind pressure and angle, the distribution and adhesion of the sprayed concrete can be optimized, the density and adhesion of the sprayed concrete can be improved, and structural defects caused by improper spraying can be reduced.

[0052] The following table shows the effect of nozzle swing form on rebound:

[0053]

[0054] The swing form of the nozzle is generally fixed spraying, swing spraying, and rotary spraying. Fixed spraying and swing spraying are generally used for spraying at the sidewall and haunch positions, which can quickly form sprayed concrete and provide a support surface for subsequent shotcreting. Rotary spraying is used at the outer layer and vault, which has a small overall rebound.

[0055] Three-step layering and auxiliary scraping are used. The first layer uses a fixed spraying process to fill the space between the arch frames, with the control distance being about 5-8 cm from the surface of the arch frames.

[0056] The second layer uses a rotary spraying process to spray to the surface of the arch frames, and a flexible scraper is used to scrape the local bulges to achieve initial leveling.

[0057] The third layer uses a swing spraying process to scan the initial support to ensure the thickness of the protective layer and achieve the initial support surface precision leveling.

[0058] The initial support side wall position adopts a self-made artificial scraper, and the bulge position is manually cleaned to ensure the flatness of the initial support sprayed concrete.

[0059] The auxiliary scraper matched with the shotcreting machine can be quickly connected with the nozzle, and the width is the distance between the arches + 20 cm, and the inside surface of the arch is taken as the scraping reference.

[0060] Preferably, through layered spraying, the spraying quality can be improved by inspection and adjustment after each layer is sprayed, and layered spraying and auxiliary scraping can significantly improve the surface quality of the sprayed concrete and the uniformity of the overall structure, and reduce the maintenance and repair costs in the later period.

[0061] Embodiment 2

[0062] Reference Figure 1 、 2 , 5, a second embodiment of the present application provides a tunnel sprayed concrete precision forming device, the device comprises,

[0063] The spraying mechanism 100 comprises a mounting frame 101, a support part 102 arranged on the mounting frame 101, a docking part 103 arranged on the support part 102, a blocking part 104 arranged on the support part 102, a spraying part 105 arranged between the docking part 103 and the blocking part 104, and a distance measuring part 106 arranged on the spraying part 105.

[0064] The swinging mechanism 200 comprises a swinging part 201 arranged on the spraying part 105, a dismounting part 202 arranged on the swinging part 201, and a power part 203 arranged on the support part 102.

[0065] The support part 102 comprises a sealing plate 102a arranged on the mounting frame 101 and a side plate 102b arranged on the sealing plate 102a.

[0066] Preferably, the mounting frame 101 is used for mounting and fixing with a mechanical arm, the sealing plate 102a is fixedly arranged on the mounting frame 101, the side plate 102b is provided with two and is fixedly arranged on the sealing plate 102a, the sealing plate 102a and the side plate 102b form a “U” shape, and the structure strength of the device is guaranteed, and the mounting space for the spraying part 105 is provided.

[0067] The docking part 103 comprises a docking bearing seat 103a arranged on the side plate 102b, a docking bearing 103b arranged in the docking bearing seat 103a, a docking cover 103c arranged on the docking bearing seat 103a, a docking hollow pipe 103d arranged on the docking bearing 103b, a rotary joint 103e arranged on the docking hollow pipe 103d, and a docking pipe 103f arranged on the rotary joint 103e.

[0068] Preferably, the butt joint bearing seat 103a is fixed on the side plate 102b by bolts, the butt joint bearing 103b is installed in the butt joint bearing seat 103a, the butt joint cover 103c is fixed on the butt joint bearing seat 103a by bolts, the service life of the butt joint bearing seat 103a is increased, the butt joint hollow pipe 103d is arranged on the butt joint bearing 103b to ensure that the butt joint hollow pipe 103d can rotate, and the hollow design ensures the flow of concrete. The rotary joint 103e is arranged to ensure that the butt joint hollow pipe 103d can rotate, and facilitates the connection of the butt joint pipe 103f and the concrete conveying pipe, thereby ensuring the normal use of the device.

[0069] The plugging part 104 includes a plugging bearing seat 104a arranged on the side plate 102b, a plugging bearing 104b arranged on the plugging bearing seat 104a, a plugging cover 104c arranged on the plugging bearing seat 104a, and a solid shaft 104d arranged on the plugging bearing 104b.

[0070] Preferably, the plugging bearing 104b is installed in the plugging bearing seat 104a, the plugging bearing seat 104a is fixed on the side plate 102b by bolts, thereby installing the plugging bearing 104b, the plugging cover 104c is arranged to reduce the pollution of dust to the plugging bearing 104b, thereby increasing the service life of the plugging bearing 104b, the solid shaft 104d is installed on the plugging bearing 104b to ensure that the solid shaft 104d can rotate, the solid design prevents the outflow of concrete, thereby ensuring the normal use of the device, and the solid shaft 104d can extend to the boundary of the nozzle 105b and the jet pipe 105a, thereby preventing the long-time accumulation of concrete in the jet pipe 105a and increasing the service life of the device.

[0071] The jet part 105 includes a jet pipe 105a arranged between the solid shaft 104d and the butt joint hollow pipe 103d, and a nozzle 105b arranged on the jet pipe 105a.

[0072] Preferably, the jet pipe 105a is welded with the solid shaft 104d and the butt joint hollow pipe 103d to ensure the normal use of the device.

[0073] The distance measuring part 106 includes an extension rod 106a arranged on the jet pipe 105a and an infrared distance meter 106b arranged on the extension rod 106a. The extension rod 106a is arranged in parallel with the nozzle 105b, and the infrared distance meter 106b is arranged on the extension rod 106a at an inclination of 30 degrees.

[0074] The following table is a schematic diagram of the influence of the distance between the nozzle and the jet surface on the rebound and construction quality:

[0075]

[0076] Preferably, it is proved by experiments that the distance between the nozzle and the rock surface is 0.8-1.2m during the on-site spraying process, and the spraying layer thickness is smaller during the scanning process, and it is more reasonable to control the spraying uniformity in 1.2m-1.5m, which can ensure the compactness of the concrete structure and also ensure the smaller rebound amount, and at present, the staff needs to control the distance between the nozzle 105b and the rock surface by the rocker control mechanical arm, but when the rocker is controlled, the staff is difficult to control the distance between the nozzle 105b and the rock surface, thereby affecting the construction quality;

[0077] Since a large amount of concrete is sprayed between the nozzle 105b and the rock surface, the infrared range finder 106b is difficult to penetrate the concrete to the rock surface, so direct ranging cannot be performed, and since the ranging direction of the infrared range finder 106b forms a 30-degree angle with the spraying direction of the nozzle 105b, the infrared range finder 106b is avoided from being blocked by the concrete sprayed by the nozzle 105b, thereby ensuring the normal use of the infrared range finder 106b, when the ranging direction of the infrared range finder 106b forms a 45-degree angle with the spraying direction of the nozzle 105b, the ranging endpoint of the infrared range finder 106b is far from the spraying point, for smaller construction environment, the ranging endpoint of the infrared range finder 106b may not be on the rock surface, thereby affecting the normal use of the device, when the ranging direction of the infrared range finder 106b forms a smaller than 30-degree angle with the spraying direction of the nozzle 105b, the ranging endpoint of the infrared range finder 106b may be on the concrete sprayed by the nozzle 105b, thereby affecting the normal use of the device;

[0078] The infrared rays emitted by the infrared range finder 106b form a 30-degree right triangle with the edge length c as shown in Figure 5 The edge length b of the concrete sprayed by the nozzle 105b as shown in Figure 5 The edge length a of the rock surface as shown in Figure 5 A 30-degree right triangle as shown in Figure 5 In a 30-60-90 right triangle, if the longer right angle side is known to the 60-degree angle side, we can use the trigonometric function or the length ratio of the triangle to calculate the length of the hypotenuse.

[0079] According to the properties of the 30-60-90 triangle, the edge length c is:

[0080] Since the nozzle control is more reasonable at 1.2m-1.5m, it can ensure that the concrete structure is dense and the rebound amount is small. It is known that the distance between the nozzle and the rock surface is controlled at 1.2m-1.5m. According to the characteristics of a triangle, the detection distance of the infrared range finder 106b is calculated at 2.43m-2.99m. The staff only needs to observe the display distance of the infrared range finder 106b at 2.43m-2.99m, which is convenient for the staff to control the distance of the nozzle 105b, thereby increasing the construction quality;

[0081] The infrared range finder 106b is horizontally arranged on both sides of the nozzle 105b, rather than above or below the nozzle 105b, so as to ensure that the ranging direction of the infrared range finder 106b is in the same horizontal plane as the sprayed concrete of the nozzle 105b. Since the rock surface of the tunnel is arc-shaped, if the infrared range finder 106b and the nozzle 105b are not in the same horizontal plane, the ranging endpoint of the infrared range finder 106b and the sprayed concrete are not in the same vertical plane, which may cause the ranging distance of the infrared range finder 106b to be too large or too small, thereby affecting the normal use of the infrared range finder 106b;

[0082] The infrared range finder 106b is symmetrically arranged with two infrared range finders. It not only can ensure the ranging accuracy of the infrared range finder 106b, but also can be used as a backup. Moreover, for the rock surface edge, the infrared range finder 106b on the opposite side of the rock surface edge can still be used normally, thereby increasing the applicability of the device.

[0083] During use, the butt joint hollow pipe 103d is connected with the butt joint bearing 103b, the butt joint bearing 103b is installed into the butt joint bearing seat 103a, the butt joint bearing seat 103a is fixed on the side plate 102b through bolts, the butt joint cover 103c is installed on the butt joint bearing seat 103a through bolts, the butt joint pipe 103f is connected with the concrete pipe, the solid shaft 104d is installed on the plugging bearing 104b, the plugging bearing 104b is installed into the plugging cover 104c, the plugging bearing seat 104a is installed on the side plate 102b through bolts, the two ends of the spray pipe 105a are welded with the butt joint hollow pipe 103d and the solid shaft 104d respectively, so that the installation of the spray pipe 105a is completed, the nozzle 105b can spray concrete, and the nozzle 105b can rotate, since the distance measuring direction of the infrared range finder 106b forms a 30-degree angle with the spraying direction of the nozzle 105b, the distance measuring direction and the spraying direction form a 30-degree right triangle with the rock surface, since the spraying head is controlled at 1.2m-1.5m, the concrete structure is compacted, and the rebound amount is small, the distance between the spraying head and the rock surface is controlled at 1.2m-1.5m, according to the characteristics of the triangle, the detection distance of the infrared range finder 106b is calculated at 2.43m-2.99m, so that the staff can control the spraying head at 1.2m-1.5m, and the construction quality is ensured.

[0084] Embodiment 3

[0085] With reference to Figures 3-4 For the third embodiment of the application, the difference between this embodiment and the second embodiment is that the swing part 201 comprises a swing plate 201a arranged on the spray pipe 105a, a swing rod 201b arranged on the swing plate 201a, and a swing sliding sleeve 201c arranged on the swing rod 201b.

[0086] Preferably, the swing plate 201a is provided with two and is symmetrically arranged, so as to increase the structural strength of the device, the swing plate 201a is fixedly connected with the spray pipe 105a, so as to drive the swing of the spray pipe 105a, the swing rod 201b is rotatably arranged at the end of the swing plate 201a through a bearing, and the swing sliding sleeve 201c is slidably arranged on the outer surface of the swing rod 201b.

[0087] The dismounting part 202 comprises a dismounting threaded sleeve 202a arranged on the swing sliding sleeve 201c, a dismounting rod 202b arranged on the dismounting threaded sleeve 202a, a dismounting thread 202c arranged on the dismounting rod 202b and matched with the dismounting threaded sleeve 202a, a hexagonal head 202d arranged on the dismounting rod 202b, and a dismounting hole 202e arranged on the sealing plate 102a.

[0088] Preferably, the dismounting threaded sleeve 202a is fixedly arranged on the swing sliding sleeve 201c, and the end is provided with a threaded hole, the dismounting rod 202b is threadedly connected with the dismounting threaded sleeve 202a through a dismounting threaded hole 202c, and the direction of the dismounting threaded hole 202c is opposite to the rotating direction of the motor 203a, so as to prevent the dismounting rod 202b from loosening, increase the safety of the device, the hexagonal head 202d is arranged, the staff can use a tool to dismount the dismounting rod 202b, and the dismounting hole 202e is used for inserting the tool.

[0089] The power part 203 comprises a motor 203a arranged on the sealing plate 102a, a rotating shaft 203b arranged on the sealing plate 102a and connected with the motor 203a, a rotating plate 203c arranged on the rotating shaft 203b and connected with the dismounting rod 202b, and a plurality of replacement holes 203d arranged on the rotating plate 203c.

[0090] Preferably, the motor 203a provides power for the swing of the spray pipe 105a, the rotating shaft 203b is fixedly connected with the output shaft of the motor 203a, the rotating plate 203c is fixedly arranged on the rotating shaft 203b, and the replacement holes 203d are arranged, so that the dismounting rod 202b can be inserted into different replacement holes 203d, thereby changing the rotating radius of the dismounting rod 202b, further changing the swing amplitude of the swing rod 201b, making the device applicable to small-area construction environments such as tunnels, and also applicable to large-area construction environments such as slope protection, and increasing the applicability of the device.

[0091] The remaining structure is the same as that of the structure of the embodiment 2.

[0092] In the use process, the motor 203a drives the rotating shaft 203b to rotate the rotating plate 203c, the rotating plate 203c drives the dismounting rod 202b to rotate the dismounting threaded sleeve 202a, the dismounting threaded sleeve 202a drives the swing sliding sleeve 201c to rotate and move along the swing rod 201b, at the same time, the swing sliding sleeve 201c drives the swing rod 201b to reciprocate up and down, the swing rod 201b drives the swing plate 201a to swing the spray pipe 105a, and the spray pipe 105a drives the nozzle 105b to swing, so as to perform swing-spraying operation.

[0093] The tool is used to rotate the hexagonal head 202d, the hexagonal head 202d drives the dismounting threaded hole 202c to rotate, so as to disengage the dismounting threaded hole 202c from the dismounting threaded sleeve 202a, the dismounting rod 202b is dismounted through the dismounting hole 202e, the swing sliding sleeve 201c is moved to butt joint the dismounting threaded sleeve 202a with different replacement holes 203d, the dismounting rod 202b is connected with the dismounting threaded sleeve 202a, so as to adjust the swing amplitude of the nozzle 105b, and make the device applicable to different scenes.

[0094] It is important to note that the construction and arrangement of the application shown in the various examples presented are illustrative only. Although only a few embodiments have been described in detail in this disclosure, those skilled in the art who review the present disclosure will readily appreciate that many modifications are possible (e.g., variations in sizes, dimensions, structures, shapes and proportions of the various elements, values of parameters, mounting arrangements, use of materials, colors, orientations, etc.) without materially departing from the novel teachings and advantages of the subject matter described herein. For example, elements shown as integrally formed can be constructed of multiple parts or elements, the position of elements can be reversed or otherwise varied, and the nature or number of elements can be altered or varied. Thus, all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the present application. The order or sequence of any process or method steps can be varied or re-sequenced without materially affecting the application. Any "apparatus" or "device" described herein can be a structure that performs the recited function, not necessarily composed of all the means or elements specifically disclosed. In the claims, any means-plus-function clause is intended to cover the structures described herein as performing the recited function and not only structural equivalents but also equivalent structures. Other substitutions, modifications, changes and omissions can be made in the design, operating conditions and arrangement of the exemplary embodiments without departing from the scope of the present application as expressed in the appended claims.

[0095] Also, for the purpose of providing a concise description of exemplary embodiments, not all features of an actual implementation can be described (i.e., those related to the

[0096] It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, not to limit the present application. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present application can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, which should be covered by the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A precision forming device for tunnel shotcrete, characterized in that: The utility model relates to a kind of spray mechanism (100), including mounting frame (101), support part (102) being arranged on the mounting frame (101), docking part (103) being arranged on the support part (102), block part (104) being arranged on the support part (102), spray part (105) being arranged between the docking part (103) and block part (104), range-finding part (106) being arranged on the spray part (105); Swing mechanism (200), including swing part (201) being arranged on the spray part (105), disassembly part (202) being arranged on the swing part (201), power part (203) being arranged on the support part (102); The support part (102) includes cover plate (102a) being arranged on the mounting frame (101), side plate (102b) being arranged on the cover plate (102a); The docking part (103) includes docking bearing seat (103a) being arranged on the side plate (102b), docking bearing (103b) being arranged in the docking bearing seat (103a), docking cover (103c) being arranged on the docking bearing seat (103a), docking hollow tube (103d) being arranged on the docking bearing (103b), rotary joint (103e) being arranged on the docking hollow tube (103d), docking pipe (103f) being arranged on the rotary joint (103e); The block part (104) includes block bearing seat (104a) being arranged on the side plate (102b), block bearing (104b) being arranged on the block bearing seat (104a), block cover (104c) being arranged on the block bearing seat (104a), solid shaft (104d) being arranged on the block bearing (104b); The spray part (105) includes spray pipe (105a) being arranged between the solid shaft (104d) and docking hollow tube (103d), nozzle (105b) being arranged on the spray pipe (105a) The swing part (201) includes swing plate (201a) being arranged on the spray pipe (105a), swing rod (201b) being arranged on the swing plate (201a), swing sliding sleeve (201c) being arranged on the swing rod (201b); The disassembly part (202) includes disassembly threaded sleeve (202a) being arranged on the swing sliding sleeve (201c), disassembly rod (202b) being arranged on the disassembly threaded sleeve (202a), disassembly thread (202c) being arranged on the disassembly rod (202b), and matched with disassembly threaded sleeve (202a), hexagonal head (202d) being arranged on the disassembly rod (202b), disassembly hole (202e) being arranged on the cover plate (102a); ​ The power part (203) comprises a motor (203a) arranged on the sealing plate (102a), a rotating shaft (203b) arranged on the sealing plate (102a) and connected with the motor (203a), a rotating plate (203c) arranged on the rotating shaft (203b) and connected with the dismounting rod (202b), and a plurality of replacement holes (203d) arranged on the rotating plate (203c).

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: The distance measuring part (106) comprises an extension rod (106a) arranged on the spraying pipe (105a) and an infrared distance meter (106b) arranged on the extension rod (106a), wherein the extension rod (106a) is arranged in parallel with the nozzle (105b), and the infrared distance meter (106b) is arranged on the extension rod (106a) at an inclination of 30 degrees.

3. A method of precision forming of shotcrete in a tunnel, characterized in that: The tunnel shotcrete precise forming device comprises the tunnel shotcrete precise forming device according to any one of claims 1-2. The operation steps are as follows: The tunnel shotcrete surface is divided into seven areas, i.e., left lower sidewall, left upper sidewall, left haunch, vault, right haunch, right upper sidewall and right lower sidewall. The amount of quick-setting agent and the amount of jet flow rate are controlled for each area respectively, so as to improve the forming quality of the shotcrete and reduce the rebound; Before wet spraying, 10-20 mm thick mortar with the same mixing ratio is sprayed from bottom to top, so as to increase the roughness of the base body, improve the bonding effect and prevent rockfall; The spraying is performed according to the predetermined spraying sequence (1-2-3-1-4-2-5-3-6-4-7-5-7-6), and the spraying thickness is controlled at 5 cm each time until the spraying is completed; A curved path is adopted during spraying, so as to ensure the uniformity of spraying between every two pairs of steel arches; The distance between the nozzle and the rock surface is controlled within the range of 0.8-1.2 m, so as to ensure the compactness of the concrete structure and a small amount of rebound; The spraying air pressure is controlled within the range of 0.6-0.8 MPa, and the spraying angle is controlled within the range of 75-105°; According to the spraying position, a suitable nozzle swinging form is selected, i.e., fixed spraying, swinging spraying or rotary spraying; A self-made artificial scraper is used to manually clean the bulging position at the position of the primary support sidewall, so as to ensure the flatness of the sprayed concrete.

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