High-efficiency rock-breaking impactor and rock-breaking method for deep high-temperature and low-permeability carbonate reservoirs

Abstract

The present invention discloses a high-efficiency rock-breaking impactor and a rock-breaking method for deep high-temperature and low-permeability carbonate reservoirs, belonging to the field of rock-breaking technology, including an upper joint, a fixed sleeve and a lower joint, an impact piston is arranged in the fixed sleeve, and also includes a liquid nitrogen cooling mechanism, the liquid nitrogen cooling mechanism includes an annular liquid storage cavity, the annular liquid storage cavity is connected with an output pipe, the output pipe is connected to a reverse telescopic tube in the middle of the impact piston, and the reverse telescopic tube is connected to the impact piston through a linkage assembly. At the same time, a rock-breaking method based on the above-mentioned impactor is disclosed, using the above-mentioned high-efficiency rock-breaking impactor and a rock-breaking method for deep high-temperature and low-permeability carbonate reservoirs, utilizing the high temperature characteristics of the carbonate reservoir itself and further raising the temperature of the rock surface during the drilling process of the drill bit, and by setting a liquid nitrogen cooling mechanism, rapid cooling of the rock surface is achieved, so that the rock surface is broken by a huge temperature difference, and the rock is broken by a composite method of mechanical excavation and temperature difference destruction, which greatly improves the rock-breaking efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of rock breaking technology, and in particular to a high-efficiency rock breaking impactor and a rock breaking method for a deep, high-temperature, low-permeability carbonate reservoir. Background Art

[0002] Deep high-temperature, low-permeability carbonate reservoirs refer to carbonate structures located deep in the formation, with high temperatures and low rock permeability. Deep shale gas is rich and has great development potential, but the high hardness, high plasticity and high abrasiveness of deep rocks lead to slow drilling speed and high costs. This type of reservoir is challenging in oil and gas exploration and development. High temperature accelerates chemical reactions in the reservoir, affects the physical properties of rocks and fluids, and also places higher requirements on drilling fluids, completion technology and production equipment. Carbonate rocks themselves usually have low porosity and permeability, which requires the use of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technologies such as hydraulic fracturing, acidizing or carbon dioxide injection to improve the fluid flow path.

[0003] In the prior art, an axial impactor is added to the drill bit to improve the engineering speed. After searching, the patent No. CN202211278207.6 discloses a built-in drill bit multi-dimensional impactor, including an impactor body arranged in the inner cavity of the drill bit, the impactor body includes an impactor left part and an impactor right part, the impactor left part and the impactor right part form a cavity, the cavity runs through the upper end of the impactor body, including a liquid inlet chamber, a diverter chamber and a working chamber connected in sequence from top to bottom, the working chamber includes a first working chamber and a second working chamber arranged on the left and right sides separated by a workbench, and a liquid outlet is opened at the working chamber on the right side of the impactor; a triangular commutator is installed in the working chamber, the top of the triangular commutator cooperates with the inner walls on both sides of the diverter chamber at the liquid outlet, the bottom of the triangular commutator cooperates with the upper part of the workbench, an arc groove is arranged on the triangular commutator, and a balance block is arranged in the arc groove. Without reducing the slope rate, the rock breaking efficiency is improved, a multi-dimensional impact is formed, the drilling speed is increased, the problems of low mechanical speed and long drilling cycle are solved, and the large-scale development of deep oil and gas resources with high efficiency and low cost is realized. Patent No. 202210144523.8 discloses an air drilling drill bit with impact function, an impactor part and an impact drill bit part; wherein the impactor part includes: a check valve, a gas distribution seat, a cylinder, a spring A, a piston and a guide sleeve; the impact drill bit part includes a drill bit body, an impact drill rod, a spring B and an impact seat; its technical solution is: air pushes the check valve through the upper joint cavity and enters the gas distribution seat and the cylinder; there is a gap between the outer side of the cylinder and the outer shell, and the air can enter the gap between the piston and the cylinder and the circumferential hole of the guide sleeve through the radial hole of the cylinder, so as to realize the axial movement of the piston and hit the lower impact seat; the impact drill rod continuously hits the impact seat with the piston to generate impact to achieve efficient rock breaking.

[0004] However, there are still technical problems that fail to take into account the high-temperature characteristics of energy storage rocks. Generally, drilling fluid is used directly to cool the well, and a purely mechanical method is used to break the rock, resulting in low crushing efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-efficiency rock-breaking impactor and rock-breaking method for deep, high-temperature and low-permeability carbonate reservoirs to solve the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides a high-efficiency rock-breaking impactor for deep, high-temperature, low-permeability carbonate reservoirs, comprising an upper joint, a fixed sleeve and a lower joint for mounting a drill bit, which are arranged in sequence, an impact piston is arranged in the fixed sleeve, and a liquid nitrogen cooling mechanism is also included. The liquid nitrogen cooling mechanism includes an annular liquid storage cavity, and the annular liquid storage cavity is connected to an output pipe, the output pipe is connected to a reverse telescopic tube in the middle of the impact piston, and the reverse telescopic tube is connected to the impact piston through a linkage assembly.

[0007] Preferably, two straight through holes are provided on the circumferential side of the impact section of the impact piston, and the two straight through holes are respectively used to accommodate the output pipe and the linkage assembly; a telescopic groove is provided in the middle of the impact section, a guide groove is provided in the telescopic groove, and a reverse telescopic tube is arranged in the telescopic groove; a protective sleeve is provided on the inner side of the annular liquid storage cavity, a trapezoidal slide groove is provided on the inner side of the protective sleeve, a mounting plate is installed on the inner side of the protective sleeve, and an engaging electric push rod is provided on the mounting plate.

[0008] Preferably, the linkage assembly includes a linkage gear installed on the meshing electric push rod. In the linkage state, the upper side of the linkage gear is meshed with the active rack, one end of the active rack is connected to the circumferential side of the impact piston through a heightening plate, and a trapezoidal slide is provided on the active rack, and the trapezoidal slide is slidably set in the trapezoidal slide groove; the lower side of the linkage gear is meshed with the driven rack, and the driven rack is set in the guide groove and fixedly connected to the reverse telescopic tube.

[0009] Preferably, a telescopic ring is arranged on the top of the reverse telescopic tube through a telescopic spring, a liquid nitrogen gun head, a switch controller and a temperature sensor are arranged on the telescopic ring, and a temperature switch and a contact switch arranged in series are arranged on the top of the telescopic ring; an electromagnetic ring is arranged inside the upper joint, an electromagnetic block is arranged at the tail of the drill bit, and the electromagnetic ring and the electromagnetic block are arranged oppositely; a plurality of ejection nozzles are arranged on the liquid nitrogen gun head, and the plurality of ejection nozzles include a middle nozzle and circumferentially distributed edge nozzles, and the edge nozzles are arranged obliquely;

[0010] The liquid nitrogen gun head, the temperature sensor, the temperature switch, the contact switch, the electromagnetic ring, the electromagnetic block and the engaging electric push rod are all electrically connected to the switch controller.

[0011] Preferably, a radial crushing and conveying mechanism is further provided, the circumferential side of the upper joint is provided with spiral through holes distributed circumferentially, a drill bit is slidably provided in the upper joint, a jacking column is provided on the circumferential side of the drill bit, and a through hole for the reverse telescopic rod to pass through is provided in the middle of the drill bit;

[0012] The radial crushing and conveying mechanism includes a plurality of crushing plates arranged in a spiral through hole, connecting plates are arranged on both sides of the crushing plates, the connecting plates are connected to one end of a connecting spring, and the other end of the connecting spring is arranged in the spiral through hole. The crushing plates are provided with a spiral crushing part and an arc guide rail from top to bottom, and the lifting column is arranged in the arc guide rail through an adjusting component.

[0013] Preferably, the adjustment assembly includes two first fixed blocks symmetrically arranged on both sides of the lifting column, the first fixed block is connected to one end of the adjustment spring, the other end of the adjustment spring is connected to the second fixed block, and the second fixed block is slidably arranged in the slide groove on the inner side of the arc guide rail.

[0014] Preferably, the arc-shaped guide rail includes a middle arc-shaped section, arc-shaped transition sections are arranged on both sides of the middle arc-shaped section, the central angle of the middle arc-shaped section is 120°-160°; the central angle of the arc-shaped transition section is 20°-60°.

[0015] A rock breaking method based on the above-mentioned high-efficiency rock breaking impactor for deep high-temperature and low-permeability carbonate reservoirs, the specific steps are as follows:

[0016] Step S1: starting a corresponding drilling mode according to reservoir parameters determined by the project, the drilling mode including a single rotary drilling mode, a rotary impact drilling mode and a liquid nitrogen assisted rotary impact drilling mode;

[0017] Step S2: Determine whether to start the liquid nitrogen cooling mechanism according to the drilling mode, and crush and transport the rock cuttings through the radial crushing and transporting mechanism during the drilling process.

[0018] Preferably, the single rotary drilling mode and the rotary percussion drilling mode use drilling fluid for cooling and removing cuttings;

[0019] The single rotary drilling mode is for the drill bit to rotate;

[0020] The rotary impact drilling mode is that the drill bit rotates and the impact piston is activated at the same time, and the engaged electric push rod is in a retracted state;

[0021] Under the impact of the impact piston, the jacking column of the drill bit reciprocates along the arc track, causing the crushing plate to reciprocate in the radial direction during the rotation process, causing secondary impact crushing of the rock cuttings and the rock wall. The crushing plate spiral transports the rock cuttings upward during the crushing process.

[0022] Preferably, the liquid nitrogen assisted rotary impact drilling mode is that the drill bit rotates and the impact piston is started at the same time, and the engaged electric push rod is in an extended state;

[0023] The rotation of the drill bit increases the temperature of the rock surface. During the start-up process of the impact piston, the impact piston impacts the drill bit and the telescopic rod moves in the opposite direction to the impact piston. At the same time, the ambient temperature is detected in real time through the temperature sensor. When the telescopic ring contacts the rock surface, the contact switch is triggered. When the temperature reaches the set temperature of the temperature switch, the drill bit stops rotating, the switch controller turns on the liquid nitrogen gun head, and the electromagnetic ring and the battery block are energized to attract each other, so that the drill retracts to the upper joint and does not contact the rock surface. Liquid nitrogen is sprayed on the rock surface through the spray nozzle, so that the temperature of the rock surface drops rapidly. After the spraying is completed, the electromagnetic ring and the battery block are powered off, the drill bit is started to rotate, and the rock surface that has been damaged by temperature is broken under the impact of the impact piston.

[0024] Under the impact of the impact piston, the jacking column of the drill bit reciprocates along the arc track, causing the crushing plate to reciprocate in the radial direction during the rotation process, causing secondary impact crushing of the rock cuttings and the rock wall. The crushing plate spiral transports the rock cuttings upward during the crushing process.

[0025] Therefore, the present invention adopts the above-mentioned high-efficiency rock-breaking impactor and rock-breaking method for deep high-temperature and low-permeability carbonate reservoirs, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] By utilizing the high temperature characteristics of the carbonate rock reservoir and further raising the temperature of the rock surface during the drilling process, a liquid nitrogen cooling mechanism is set up to achieve rapid cooling of the rock surface, causing the rock surface to crack due to the huge temperature difference, thereby increasing the excavation speed. The combined method of mechanical excavation and temperature difference destruction is used to break the rock, greatly improving the rock breaking efficiency.

[0027] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of a high-efficiency rock-breaking impactor for a deep, high-temperature, low-permeability carbonate reservoir according to Example 1 of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the liquid nitrogen cooling mechanism of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the linkage assembly of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an efficient rock-breaking impactor for deep, high-temperature, low-permeability carbonate reservoirs according to Example 2 of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the upper joint of Example 2 of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the drill bit structure of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the crushing plate of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the regulating component of the present invention.

[0036] Reference numerals

[0037] 1. Upper joint; 11. Electromagnetic ring; 12. Spiral through hole; 2. Fixing sleeve; 3. Lower joint; 4. Drill bit; 41. Electromagnetic block; 42. Lifting column; 43. Through hole; 5. Impact piston; 51. Straight through hole; 52. Telescopic slot; 53. Guide slot; 6. Liquid nitrogen cooling mechanism; 61. Annular liquid storage cavity; 611. Protective sleeve; 612. Trapezoidal slide; 613. Mounting plate; 62. Output pipe; 63. Reverse telescopic pipe; 631. Telescopic spring; 632. Telescopic ring; 633. Liquid nitrogen gun head; 634. Switch controller; 635. Temperature sensor; 636. Temperature sensor degree switch; 637, contact switch; 638, middle nozzle; 639, edge nozzle; 64, linkage assembly; 641, meshing electric push rod; 642, linkage gear; 643, active rack; 644, heightening plate; 645, trapezoidal slide; 646, driven rack; 7, radial crushing and conveying mechanism; 71, crushing plate; 711, spiral crushing part; 712, arc guide rail; 713, middle arc section; 714, arc transition section; 72, connecting plate; 73, connecting spring; 74, adjustment assembly; 741, first fixed block; 742, adjustment spring; 743, second fixed block. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inside", "outside", etc. indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or the positions or positional relationships in which the invented product is usually placed when in use. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention. In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "set", "install", and "connect" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be a connection between the two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0039] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0040] Example 1

[0041] like Figure 1 As shown, a high-efficiency rock-breaking impactor for deep, high-temperature, low-permeability carbonate reservoirs comprises an upper joint 1, a fixed sleeve 2 and a lower joint 3 which are arranged in sequence for installing a drill bit 4, an impact piston 5 is arranged in the fixed sleeve 2, and the upper joint 1, the fixed sleeve 2, the lower joint 3 and the impact piston 5 are necessary and conventional settings of the impactor, and their specific models and types are not limited here.

[0042] This embodiment is provided with a liquid nitrogen cooling mechanism 6, such as Figure 2-Figure 3 As shown, the liquid nitrogen cooling mechanism 6 includes an annular liquid storage cavity 61, the annular liquid storage cavity 61 is filled with liquid nitrogen, and a protective sleeve 611 is arranged inside the annular liquid storage cavity 61 to prevent the impact piston 5 and the linkage assembly 64 from being damaged during movement. The protective sleeve 611 can be replaced according to actual conditions to reduce maintenance costs. At the same time, liquid nitrogen can be replenished in time when the drill bit 4 is replaced, so the storage capacity of the annular liquid storage cavity 61 can be filled according to actual use conditions. A trapezoidal slide 612 is arranged inside the protective sleeve 611, and a mounting plate 613 is installed inside the protective sleeve 611, and an engaging electric push rod 641 is arranged on the mounting plate 613. The annular liquid storage cavity 61 is connected to an output pipe 62 (hose), and the output pipe 62 is connected to a reverse telescopic pipe 63 in the middle of the impact piston 5, and the reverse telescopic pipe 63 is connected to the impact piston 5 through the linkage assembly 64. Two linear through holes 51 are provided on the circumferential side of the impact section of the impact piston 5. The two linear through holes 51 are used to accommodate the output pipe 62 and the linkage assembly 64 respectively. A telescopic groove 52 is provided in the middle of the impact section. A guide groove 53 is provided in the telescopic groove 52. A reverse telescopic tube 63 is inserted in the telescopic groove 52.

[0043] The linkage assembly 64 includes a linkage gear 642 installed on the meshing electric push rod 641. When in the linkage state, the upper side of the linkage gear 642 is meshed with the active rack 643, one end of the active rack 643 is connected to the circumferential side of the impact piston 5 through a heightening plate 644, and a trapezoidal slide bar 645 is provided on the active rack 643, and the trapezoidal slide bar 645 is slidably set in the trapezoidal slide groove 612; the lower side of the linkage gear 642 is meshed with the driven rack 646, and the driven rack 646 is set in the guide groove 53 and fixedly connected to the reverse telescopic tube 63. In the linked state, the meshing electric push rod 641 is in an extended state, and the active rack 643 and the driven rack 646 are both meshed with the linked gear 642. During the reciprocating movement of the impact piston 5, the active rack 643 follows the reciprocating movement of the impact piston 5, thereby causing the linked gear 642 to rotate, driving the driven rack 646 to reciprocate in the opposite direction of the movement of the impact piston 5. The driven rack 646 is arranged on the reverse telescopic tube 63, realizing the reciprocating movement of the reverse telescopic tube 63 in the opposite direction of the movement of the impact piston 5.

[0044] A telescopic ring 632 is arranged on the top of the reverse telescopic tube 63 through a telescopic spring 631, and a liquid nitrogen gun head 633, a switch controller 634 and a temperature sensor 635 are arranged on the telescopic ring 632 to avoid damage to the components on the telescopic ring 632 caused by rigid contact during the impact process. A temperature switch 636 and a contact switch 637 arranged in series are arranged on the top of the telescopic ring 632, so that the liquid nitrogen gun head 633 is activated only when the temperature switch 636 and the contact switch 637 are closed at the same time. An electromagnetic ring 11 is arranged inside the upper joint 1, and an electromagnetic block 41 is arranged at the tail of the drill bit 4. The electromagnetic ring 11 and the electromagnetic block 41 are arranged opposite to each other. When spraying liquid nitrogen, the electromagnetic ring 11 and the electromagnetic block 41 are activated to make the drill bit 4 retract to the upper joint 1 to avoid low-temperature damage to the drill bit 4 caused by liquid nitrogen. A plurality of spray nozzles are arranged on the liquid nitrogen gun head 633, and the plurality of spray nozzles include a middle nozzle 638 and a circumferentially distributed edge nozzle 639. The edge nozzle 639 is arranged obliquely to expand the spraying range. The liquid nitrogen gun tip 633, the temperature sensor 635, the temperature switch 636, the contact switch 637, the electromagnetic ring 11, the electromagnetic block 41 and the meshing electric push rod 641 are all electrically connected to the switch controller 634 to achieve the control of the liquid nitrogen gun tip 633 and the collection of temperature.

[0045] Example 2

[0046] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that a radial crushing and conveying mechanism 7 is also provided. Figure 4-Figure 8As shown, the radial crushing and conveying mechanism 7 includes a plurality of crushing plates 71, which are used to crush rock cuttings and rock walls and convey rock cuttings at the same time. The circumferential side of the upper joint 1 is provided with spiral through holes 12 distributed circumferentially, and the crushing plates 71 are arranged in the spiral through holes 12. A drill bit 4 is slidably arranged in the upper joint 1, and a jacking column 42 is arranged on the circumferential side of the drill bit 4. A through hole 43 for the reverse telescopic rod to pass through is arranged in the middle of the drill bit 4. Connecting plates 72 are arranged on both sides of the crushing plate 71, and the connecting plate 72 is connected to one end of a connecting spring 73, and the other end of the connecting spring 73 is arranged in the spiral through hole 12. The crushing plate 71 is provided with a spiral crushing part 711 and an arc guide rail 712 from top to bottom. The jacking column 42 is arranged in the arc guide rail 712 through the adjustment component 74. The adjustment component 74 includes two first fixed blocks 741 symmetrically arranged on both sides of the jacking column 42. The first fixed block 741 is connected to one end of the adjustment spring 742. The other end of the adjustment spring 742 is connected to the second fixed block 743. The second fixed block 743 is slidably arranged in the slide groove inside the arc guide rail 712. The adjustment component 74 enables the jacking column 42 to lift the twisted crushing plate 71 in real time when performing linear reciprocating motion. The arc guide rail 712 includes a middle arc section 713. The middle arc section 713 is provided with arc transition sections 714 on both sides. The central angle of the middle arc section 713 is 120°-160°, and this embodiment adopts 130°. The central angle of the arc transition section 714 is 20°-60°, and this embodiment adopts 60° to achieve smooth transition.

[0047] A rock breaking method of a high-efficiency rock breaking impactor for a deep high-temperature and low-permeability carbonate reservoir according to Example 2, the specific steps are as follows:

[0048] Step S1: starting a corresponding drilling mode according to reservoir parameters determined by the engineering, the drilling modes including single rotary drilling mode, rotary impact drilling mode and liquid nitrogen assisted rotary impact drilling mode.

[0049] Step S2: Determine whether to start the liquid nitrogen cooling mechanism 6 according to the drilling mode, and crush and transport the rock cuttings through the radial crushing and transporting mechanism 7 during the drilling process.

[0050] The single rotary drilling mode and the rotary impact drilling mode use drilling fluid for cooling and removing the cuttings. The single rotary drilling mode is for the drill bit 4 to rotate. The rotary impact drilling mode is for the drill bit 4 to rotate while the impact piston 5 is activated, and the meshing electric push rod 641 is in a retracted state. Under the impact of the impact piston 5, the jacking column 42 of the drill bit 4 reciprocates along the arc track, so that the crushing plate 71 reciprocates in the radial direction during the rotation process, and the secondary impact crushes the cuttings and the rock wall. The crushing plate 71 spirally transports the cuttings upward during the crushing process.

[0051] The liquid nitrogen assisted rotary impact drilling mode is that the drill bit 4 rotates and the impact piston 5 is started at the same time, and the meshing electric push rod 641 is in an extended state. The rotation of the drill bit 4 increases the temperature of the rock surface. During the start-up process of the impact piston 5, the impact piston 5 impacts the drill bit 4 and the reverse telescopic rod moves in the opposite direction to the impact piston 5. At the same time, the ambient temperature is detected in real time through the temperature sensor 635. When the telescopic ring 632 contacts the rock surface, the contact switch 637 is triggered. When the temperature reaches the set temperature of the temperature switch 636, the drill bit 4 stops rotating, the switch controller 634 turns on the liquid nitrogen gun head 633, and the electromagnetic ring 11 and the battery block are energized and attracted to each other, so that the drill retracts to the upper joint 1 and does not contact the rock surface. Liquid nitrogen is sprayed on the rock surface through the nozzle, so that the temperature of the rock surface drops rapidly. After the spraying is completed, the electromagnetic ring 11 and the battery block are powered off, the drill bit 4 is started to rotate, and the rock surface after temperature damage is broken under the impact of the impact piston 5.

[0052] Under the impact of the impact piston 5, the jacking column 42 of the drill bit 4 reciprocates along the arc track, so that the crushing plate 71 reciprocates in the radial direction during the rotation process, and the rock cuttings and the rock wall are crushed by secondary impact. The crushing plate 71 spirally transports the rock cuttings upward during the crushing process.

[0053] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify or replace the technical solution of the present invention with equivalents, and these modifications or equivalent replacements cannot cause the modified technical solution to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. An efficient rock-breaking impactor for deep, high-temperature, low-permeability carbonate reservoirs, comprising an upper joint, a fixed sleeve and a lower joint for mounting a drill bit, which are arranged in sequence, and an impact piston is arranged in the fixed sleeve, characterized in that: It also includes a liquid nitrogen cooling mechanism, which includes an annular liquid storage cavity, the annular liquid storage cavity is connected to an output pipe, the output pipe is connected to a reverse telescopic pipe in the middle of the impact piston, and the reverse telescopic pipe is connected to the impact piston through a linkage assembly; Two straight through holes are provided on the circumferential side of the impact section of the impact piston, and the two straight through holes are used to accommodate the output pipe and the linkage assembly respectively. A telescopic groove is provided in the middle of the impact section, a guide groove is provided in the telescopic groove, and a reverse telescopic pipe is arranged in the telescopic groove; a protective sleeve is provided inside the annular liquid storage cavity, a trapezoidal slide groove is provided inside the protective sleeve, a mounting plate is installed inside the protective sleeve, and an engaging electric push rod is provided on the mounting plate; The linkage assembly includes a linkage gear installed on the meshing electric push rod. In the linkage state, the upper side of the linkage gear is meshed with the active rack, one end of the active rack is connected to the circumferential side of the impact piston through a heightening plate, and a trapezoidal slide is provided on the active rack, and the trapezoidal slide is slidably set in the trapezoidal slide groove; the lower side of the linkage gear is meshed with the driven rack, and the driven rack is set in the guide groove and fixedly connected to the reverse telescopic tube.

2. According to claim 1, a high-efficiency rock-breaking impactor for deep, high-temperature, low-permeability carbonate reservoirs, characterized in that: A telescopic ring is arranged on the top of the reverse telescopic tube through a telescopic spring, a liquid nitrogen gun head, a switch controller and a temperature sensor are arranged on the telescopic ring, and a temperature switch and a contact switch arranged in series are arranged on the top of the telescopic ring; an electromagnetic ring is arranged inside the upper joint, an electromagnetic block is arranged at the tail of the drill bit, and the electromagnetic ring and the electromagnetic block are arranged oppositely; a plurality of ejection nozzles are arranged on the liquid nitrogen gun head, and the plurality of ejection nozzles include a middle nozzle and circumferentially distributed edge nozzles, and the edge nozzles are arranged obliquely; The liquid nitrogen gun head, the temperature sensor, the temperature switch, the contact switch, the electromagnetic ring, the electromagnetic block and the engaging electric push rod are all electrically connected to the switch controller.

3. The high-efficiency rock-breaking impactor for deep, high-temperature, low-permeability carbonate reservoirs according to claim 2 is characterized by: A radial crushing and conveying mechanism is also provided, the circumferential side of the upper joint is provided with spiral through holes distributed circumferentially, a drill bit is slidably provided in the upper joint, a jacking column is provided on the circumferential side of the drill bit, and a through hole for the reverse telescopic rod to pass through is provided in the middle of the drill bit; The radial crushing and conveying mechanism includes a plurality of crushing plates arranged in a spiral through hole, connecting plates are arranged on both sides of the crushing plates, the connecting plates are connected to one end of a connecting spring, and the other end of the connecting spring is arranged in the spiral through hole. The crushing plates are provided with a spiral crushing part and an arc guide rail from top to bottom, and the lifting column is arranged in the arc guide rail through an adjusting component.

4. The high-efficiency rock-breaking impactor for deep, high-temperature, low-permeability carbonate reservoirs according to claim 3 is characterized by: The adjustment component includes two first fixed blocks symmetrically arranged on both sides of the lifting column. The first fixed block is connected to one end of the adjustment spring. The other end of the adjustment spring is connected to the second fixed block. The second fixed block is slidably arranged in the slide groove inside the arc guide rail.

5. The high-efficiency rock-breaking impactor for deep, high-temperature, low-permeability carbonate reservoirs according to claim 4 is characterized by: The arc guide rail comprises a middle arc section, arc transition sections are arranged on both sides of the middle arc section, the central angle of the middle arc section is 120°-160°; the central angle of the arc transition section is 20°-60°.

6. A rock breaking method based on the high-efficiency rock breaking impactor for deep high-temperature and low-permeability carbonate reservoirs according to claim 5, characterized in that: The specific steps are as follows: Step S1: starting a corresponding drilling mode according to reservoir parameters determined by the project, the drilling mode including a single rotary drilling mode, a rotary impact drilling mode and a liquid nitrogen assisted rotary impact drilling mode; Step S2: Determine whether to start the liquid nitrogen cooling mechanism according to the drilling mode, and crush and transport the rock cuttings through the radial crushing and transporting mechanism during the drilling process.

7. A rock breaking method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The single rotary drilling mode and rotary percussion drilling mode use drilling fluid for cooling and carrying away the cuttings; The single rotary drilling mode is for the drill bit to rotate; The rotary impact drilling mode is that the drill bit rotates and the impact piston is activated at the same time, and the engaged electric push rod is in a retracted state; Under the impact of the impact piston, the jacking column of the drill bit reciprocates along the arc track, causing the crushing plate to reciprocate in the radial direction during the rotation process, causing secondary impact crushing of the rock cuttings and the rock wall. The crushing plate spiral transports the rock cuttings upward during the crushing process.

8. A rock breaking method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The liquid nitrogen-assisted rotary impact drilling mode is that the drill bit rotates and the impact piston is activated at the same time, and the engaged electric push rod is in an extended state; The rotation of the drill bit increases the temperature of the rock surface. During the start-up process of the impact piston, the impact piston impacts the drill bit and the telescopic rod moves in the opposite direction to the impact piston. At the same time, the ambient temperature is detected in real time through the temperature sensor. When the telescopic ring contacts the rock surface, the contact switch is triggered. When the temperature reaches the set temperature of the temperature switch, the drill bit stops rotating, the switch controller turns on the liquid nitrogen gun head, and the electromagnetic ring and the battery block are energized to attract each other, so that the drill retracts to the upper joint and does not contact the rock surface. Liquid nitrogen is sprayed on the rock surface through the spray nozzle, so that the temperature of the rock surface drops rapidly. After the spraying is completed, the electromagnetic ring and the battery block are powered off, the drill bit is started to rotate, and the rock surface that has been damaged by temperature is broken under the impact of the impact piston. Under the impact of the impact piston, the jacking column of the drill bit reciprocates along the arc track, causing the crushing plate to reciprocate in the radial direction during the rotation process, causing secondary impact crushing of the rock cuttings and the rock wall. The crushing plate spiral transports the rock cuttings upward during the crushing process.

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